JP2013510684A - 小型リストを有する手術ツール - Google Patents
小型リストを有する手術ツール Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/71—Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/285—Surgical forceps combined with cutting implements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B34/37—Master-slave robots
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/18—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts the coupling parts (1) having slidably-interengaging teeth
- F16D3/185—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts the coupling parts (1) having slidably-interengaging teeth radial teeth connecting concentric inner and outer coupling parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
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- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B2034/305—Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S901/00—Robots
- Y10S901/27—Arm part
- Y10S901/28—Joint
- Y10S901/29—Wrist
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Landscapes
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年11月13日出願の米国仮出願番号61/260,903(代理人事件番号ISRG02320PROV、名称「WRIST ARTICULATION BY LINKED TENSION MEMBERS」)、2009年11月13日出願の米国仮出願番号61/260,910(代理人事件番号ISRG02340PROV、名称「DOUBLE UNIVERSAL JOINT」)、および、2009年11月13日出願の米国仮出願番号61/260,915(代理人事件番号ISRG02350PROV、名称「SURGICAL TOOL WITH A TWO DEGREE OF FREEDOM WRIST」)の利益を主張し、これらの仮出願の全開示は本明細書において参考として援用される。本願は、2009年11月13日出願の米国仮出願番号61/260,907(代理人事件番号ISRG02330PROV、名称「END EFFECTOR WITH REDUNDANT CLOSING MECHANISMS」)および2009年11月13日出願の米国仮出願番号61/260,919(代理人事件番号ISRG02360PROV、名称「MOTOR INTERFACE FOR PARALLEL DRIVE SHAFTS WITHIN AN INDEPENDENTLY ROTATING MEMBER」)に関連し、これらの仮出願の全開示は本明細書において参考として援用される。
第1の対角線上に対向した一対の張力部材は、第1の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第1の張力部材から第1の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第2の張力部材まで延在する、少なくとも1つのケーブルによって作動させることができ、少なくとも1つのケーブルは、第1のキャプスタンに巻き付けられる。第2のリンクに対する第1の対角線上に対向した一対の張力部材の変化する位置は、張力部材が球面中心継手で取付特徴に連結された場合に課される、少なくとも1つのケーブルの張力における振動を阻止することができる。第2の対角線上に対向した一対の張力部材は、第2の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第1の張力部材から第1の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第2の張力部材まで延在する、少なくとも1つのケーブルによって作動させることができ、少なくとも1つのケーブルは、第2のキャプスタンに巻き付けられる。第2のリンクに対する第2の対角線上に対向した一対の張力部材の変化する位置は、張力部材が球面中心継手で取付特徴に連結された場合に課される、少なくとも1つのケーブルの張力における振動を阻止することができる。第1の対角線上に対向した一対の張力部材は、第2の対角線上に対向した一対の張力部材とは異なり、第2のキャプスタンは、第1のキャプスタンとは異なる。
多くの実施形態では、中間本体の細長い方向に対して直角に配向される軸の周囲でシャフトまたはエンドエフェクタ本体に対する中間部材の回転を提供する、中心に位置する枢動軸が使用され、中間本体の細長い方向と平行に配向される軸の周囲でシャフトまたはエンドエフェクタ本体に対する中間部材の回転を提供する、2つの同軸上の周辺に位置する枢動軸が使用される。中間部材の寸法および結果として生じる運動は、エンドエフェクタ関節動作および作動構成要素を送るために、隣接する領域を開けておく。有利に、依然として低侵襲ツールの断面内にある間に、第1および第2軸から離間されるよう、関節動作構成要素を送ることができ、それにより、軸力関節動作構成要素の使用、例えば、張力関節動作構成要素の使用を可能にする。例示的実施形態が、中間リスト部材からオフセットされるケーブルおよび回転駆動シャフトの両方を採用してもよい一方で、ツール(関節動作構成要素、エンドエフェクタ、および手関節システム)の外形は、好ましくは、1インチ未満となり、しばしば、約2分の1インチである。中間リスト部材は、中間リスト部材を通して1本以上の制御ケーブルを送るように、誘導特徴を伴う経路指定設備を含むことができる。リストは、リストを横断してロール軸トルク(例えば、0.33Nm)を伝達するように構成することができる。リストは、器具の可動域を限定して角度過大移動による損傷から他の構成要素を保護するように、硬質停止部を伴って構成することができる。リストは、ゼロ効果まで調整可能なピッチ軸とヨー軸の距離を伴って、コンパクトな長さを有することができる。
図1は、典型的には、手術台14上に横たわっている患者12に低侵襲診断または外科的手技を行うために使用される、低侵襲ロボット手術(MIRS)システム10の平面図である。システムは、手技中に外科医18によって使用するための外科医のコンソール16を含むことができる。1人以上の助手20も、手技に参加してもよい。MIRSシステム10はさらに、患者側カート22(手術ロボット)と、電子カート24とを含むことができる。患者側カート22は、外科医18がコンソール16を通して手術部位を視認している間に、患者12の身体の低侵襲切開を通して、少なくとも1つの取り外し可能に連結されたツールアセンブリ26(以降では単に「ツール」と呼ばれる)を操作することができる。手術部位の画像は、内視鏡28を配向させるよう患者側カート22によって操作することができる、立体内視鏡等の内視鏡28によって取得することができる。電子カート24は、外科医のコンソール16を通した外科医18への後続の表示のために、手術部位の画像を処理するために使用することができる。一度に使用される手術ツール26の数は、概して、とりわけ、診断または外科的手技および手術室内の空間の制約に依存する。手技中に使用されているツール26のうちの1つ以上を交換することが必要な場合、助手20は、患者側カート22からツール26を除去し、それを手術室内のトレイ30からの別のツール26と置換してもよい。
図6は、多くの実施形態による、エンドエフェクタ本体72を器具シャフト74と連結する、2自由度リスト70の斜視図である。リスト70は、支持部材76と、第1のヒンジ点78と、中間部材80と、第2のヒンジ点82と、第3のヒンジ点84とを含む。支持部材76は、図示されるように器具シャフト74の孔の内側に位置付けられるよう、4つの取付特徴86(例えば、機械的締結具)を介して器具シャフト74に固定して取り付けられる。中間部材80は、中心に位置する第1のヒンジ点78を介して、第1軸88の周囲で回転するために、支持部材76に枢動可能に連結される。エンドエフェクタ本体72は、周辺に位置する第2のヒンジ点82および周辺に位置する第3のヒンジ点84を介して、第2軸90の周囲で回転するために、枢動可能に中間部材80と連結される。第2のヒンジ点82および第3のヒンジ点84は、同軸であり、第2軸90と整合される。第2軸90は、第1軸88の周囲で中間部材とともに枢動する。
図13aは、多くの実施形態による、リンク張力部材によるリスト関節動作を伴う手術ツール170の簡素化した概略図である。手術ツール170は、2自由度継手を介して2自由度リストと枢動可能に連結される、第2のリンク172を含む。継手は、第1軸176および第2軸178の周囲で第2のリンク172と第1のリンク174との間の回転運動を提供する。第1軸176は、第1のリンク174に対して固定され、第2軸178は、第2のリンク172に対して固定される。4つの取付特徴180、182、184、186は、第2のリンク172の上に配置される。取付特徴180、182、184、186のそれぞれは、それぞれ、張力部材188、190、192、194と連結される。張力部材188、190、192、194は、第1のリンク174の孔を通して送られ、制御ケーブル198、200、202、204を介して作動機構196と連結される。多くの実施形態では、張力部材188、190、192、194は、動作荷重下での伸張を最小限化するように、および費用を削減するように構成される(例えば、長さ17インチ、0.04インチの外径、0.02インチの内径、長さ15.2インチ、0.06インチの外径、0.02インチの内径)。多くの実施形態では、取付特徴180、182、184、186、張力部材188、190、192、194、第1軸176、および第2軸178は、張力部材の対向軸方向移動が、張力部材の張力の変化を阻止するよう、第1のリンク174に対して第2のリンク172を角度配向させるように構成される。図示された実施形態では、作動機構196は、第1のモータ駆動型キャプスタン206と、第2のモータ駆動型キャプスタン208とを含む。第1の対角線上に対向した一対の制御ケーブル(例えば、制御ケーブル198、202)は、第1のモータ駆動型キャプスタン206の時計回りの回転が、等量だけ制御ケーブル202を後退させ、制御ケーブル198を延長させ、第1のモータ駆動型キャプスタン206の反時計回りの回転が、等量だけ制御ケーブル198を後退させ、制御ケーブル202を延長させるように、第1のモータ駆動型キャプスタン206に巻き付けられる。同様に、第2の対角線上に対向した一対の制御ケーブル(例えば、制御ケーブル200、204)は、第2のモータ駆動型キャプスタン208の時計回りの回転が、等量だけ制御ケーブル200を後退させ、制御ケーブル204を延長させ、第2のモータ駆動型キャプスタン208の反時計回りの回転が、等量だけ制御ケーブル204を後退させ、制御ケーブル200を延長させるように、第2のモータ駆動型キャプスタン208に巻き付けられる。
図17は、多くの実施形態による、角度を通してトルクを伝達するための機構372を有する、ツールアセンブリ370の簡素化した概略図である。ツールアセンブリ370は、近位トルク源374と、主要シャフト376と、エンドエフェクタ378の関節動作エンドエフェクタ基部と、トルク伝達機構372とを含む。トルク伝達機構372は、駆動シャフト380の回転が被駆動シャフト382の対応する回転を生じさせるように、駆動シャフト380と、被駆動シャフト382と、駆動シャフト380および被駆動シャフト382の両方と連結される連結部材384とを含む。多くの実施形態では、駆動シャフト380は、主要シャフト376に対する回転のために載置され、主要シャフト376の孔(中心線またはオフセット)を通して送られる。多くの実施形態では、トルク伝達機構372は、被駆動シャフト382の回転速度が、シャフト間の相対的角度配向において駆動シャフト380の回転速度に実質的に合致するように構成される。動作中、近位トルク源374が駆動シャフト380を回転させ、それが連結部材384を回転させ、それが被駆動シャフト382を回転させ、それにより、主要シャフト376とエンドエフェクタ378との間の角度を通してトルクを伝達させる。多くの実施形態では、被駆動シャフト382は、エンドエフェクタ378のシャフト駆動型機構を作動させる。例えば、エンドエフェクタのシャフト駆動型機構は、関節動作エンドエフェクタ基部に対して締め付けジョーを作動させることができ、および/または手術デバイス(例えば、吻合デバイス、カッターデバイス、焼灼デバイス)を作動させることができる。そのようなシャフト駆動型機構は例示的にすぎない。被駆動シャフトは、他の好適なシャフト駆動型機構を作動させるために使用することができる。加えて、ツールアセンブリ370は、1つのトルク伝達機構372とともに示されているが、これは例示的にすぎない。1つ以上のトルク伝達機構372は、例えば、近位トルク源374から対応する1つ以上のエンドエフェクタ機構へトルクを伝えるために使用することができる。
図26は、本明細書で開示されるようなリンク張力部材によって関節動作させられる2自由度リスト有する、小型リスト設計600、ならびに2自由度リストを横断する角度を通してトルクを伝達するための本明細書で開示されるような二重自在継手の使用を図示する。小型リスト600は、2自由度リスト、リンク張力部材によるリスト関節動作、および二重自在継手による角度を通したトルク伝達を統合する。これらの側面の3つ全てが小型リスト600に含まれるが、リストは、個別に、または任意の好適な組み合わせで、本明細書で開示される側面のうちのいずれかを利用することができる。これら3つの複合側面の有益性は、大角度変位能力(例えば、任意の方向に最大約60度)および比較的短い長さを伴う2自由度リスト機構を通して、中心線外トルクを伝達する能力である。(例えば、腸の手術中の)低侵襲手術環境では、そのような短い長さのリスト機構は、関節動作エンドエフェクタと支持シャフトの遠位端との間の横方向距離が最小限化されるように、動作のために伝達されたトルクを必要とする手術用エンドエフェクタが、狭い空間で操縦(ピッチ、ヨー、ロール)されることを可能にする。上記の説明は、特定の側面および特徴を説明することに集中している。しかしながら、実用的であるときはいつでも、種々の側面および特徴が組み合わせられてもよいことを理解されたい。つまり、一実施形態を参照して上記で説明される特定の側面および特徴は、たとえそのような代替実施形態が具体的に示されていなくても、1つ以上の他の実施形態に組み込まれてもよい。
Claims (65)
- 近位端と遠位端とを有する管状器具シャフトであって、該管状器具シャフトは、該近位端と該遠位端との間に孔を有し、該管状器具シャフトは、器具シャフト軸を有する、管状器具シャフトと、
エンドエフェクタ本体を備えるエンドエフェクタと、
該シャフトの該遠位端と枢動可能に連結され、該エンドエフェクタ本体と枢動可能に連結される中間リスト部材であって、該シャフトに対する該中間部材の枢動は、該シャフトに対して第1軸の周囲に該中間部材を配向し、該中間部材に対する該エンドエフェクタ本体の枢動は、該中間部材に対して第2軸の周囲に該エンドエフェクタを配向し、該第1軸は該シャフト軸を横断し、該第2軸は該第1軸を横断し、該中間部材は、該第1軸に沿った外部幅および該第2軸に沿った外部長さを有し、該長さは、該中間部材が細長い断面を有するように、該幅とは有意に異なる、中間リスト部材と、
該エンドエフェクタ本体を配向し、該エンドエフェクタを作動するように、該シャフトの孔を通して遠位に延在する作動システムであって、該作動システムの一部分は、該シャフトと該エンドエフェクタ本体との間の該中間部材の該細長い断面から横方向に分離されている、作動システムと
を備える、低侵襲手術ツール。 - 前記中間部材の幅は、該中間部材の長さの4分の1未満である、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 前記第1軸および前記第2軸は、同一平面上で2mm以内にある、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 前記第1軸および第2軸は、同一平面上にある、請求項3に記載のツール。
- 前記シャフトを前記中間部材に枢動可能に連結する第1の継手と、該中間部材を前記エンドエフェクタ本体に枢動可能に連結する第2の継手とをさらに備え、該第1の継手は、該第1の継手が、前記作動システムの前記横方向に分離した部分がない、該シャフトと該エンドエフェクタ本体との間の中央領域内に配置されるように、該中間部材の幅以内で前記第1軸に沿って延在する単一の枢動シャフトを備え、該第2の継手は、前記第2軸に沿って分離される、第1および第2の同軸枢動シャフトを備える、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 前記中間部材は、前記器具シャフトと前記エンドエフェクク本体との間、および前記第2の継手の前記同軸枢動シャフトの間で、前記作動システムの制御ケーブルを誘導するための内部通路を備える、請求項5に記載のツール。
- 前記器具シャフトと固定して連結され、前記第1軸の周囲で回転するために前記中間部材と枢動可能に連結される支持部材をさらに備え、該器具シャフトの孔と前記エンドエフェクタ本体との間に送られる前記作動システムの制御ケーブルを誘導するための内部通路を備え、ガイド表面は、前記第1および第2軸の周囲での枢動中にケーブル張力の変化を阻止するように該制御ケーブルを拘束する、請求項6に記載のツール。
- 前記作動システムの前記横方向に分離した部分は、前記エンドエフェクタの第1の作動機構を駆動するための第1の回転可能駆動シャフトを備え、第1の駆動シャフトは、前記中間部材の第1の側面に隣接して通過するように該エンドエフェクタ本体と前記孔との間に送られる、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 前記作動システムの前記横方向に分離した部分は、前記エンドエフェクタの第2の作動機構を駆動するための第2の回転可能駆動シャフトをさらに備え、第2の駆動シャフトは、前記中間部材の第2の側面に隣接して通過するように該エンドエフェクタ本体と前記孔との間に送られ、該第2の側面は、前記第1の側面の反対側にある、請求項8に記載のツール。
- 前記作動システムの配向部分は、前記第1および第2軸の周囲で前記器具シャフトに対する前記エンドエフェクタ本体の配向を変化させるように動作可能であり、前記配向部分は、その配向を変更するよう前記エンドエフェクタに適用される力が、該作動システムによって前記孔を通して近位に伝達されるように後方駆動可能である、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 前記エンドエフェクタの作動は、該エンドエフェクタの継手の関節動作を含む、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 低侵襲手術ツールを製造するための方法であって、
器具シャフトの細長い方向と非平行に配向される第1軸の周囲で回転するために、中間部材を該器具シャフトに枢動可能に連結することと、
該第1軸および該細長い方向と非平行に配向される第2軸の周囲で回転するために、エンドエフェクタを該中間部材に枢動可能に連結することと、
作動機構を該エンドエフェクタと連結することであって、該作動機構は、2次元で該細長い方向に対して該エンドエフェクタの配向を変化させるように動作可能であり、該作動機構の少なくとも一部分は、該中間部材の外側を通過し、該中間部材の少なくとも1つの側面から分離されるように該エンドエフェクタと該器具シャフトの孔との間に送られる、ことと
を含む、方法。 - 前記第1軸は、前記第2軸に垂直であり、該第1軸または該第2軸のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記器具シャフトの細長い方向に垂直である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記中間部材は、前記第1軸の方向の外部幅と、該第1軸の方向の幅よりも大きい前記第2軸の方向の最大外部長さとを有する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記中間部材は、前記外部長さの3分の1未満である、前記第1軸方向の最大外部幅を有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記中間部材は、前記エンドエフェクタ本体と前記器具シャフトの孔との間に送られる制御ケーブルを誘導するための内部通路を備え、前記ガイド表面は、前記第1および第2軸の周囲での枢動中にケーブル張力の変化を阻止するように該制御ケーブルを拘束し、
前記方法は、該中間部材の該内部通路を通してエンドエフェクタ制御ケーブルを送ることをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。 - 前記エンドエフェクタの配向を変更するように該エンドエフェクタに適用される力が、前記作動システムによって前記孔を通して近位に伝達されるように、前記器具シャフトに対する該エンドエフェクタ本体の配向を変化させることによって、前記作動機構を後方駆動することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記エンドエフェクタの作動は、該エンドエフェクタの継手を関節動作させることを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 低侵襲開口または天然口を介して、ツールの手術用エンドエフェクタを内部手術部位に挿入することと、
該エンドエフェクタを支持する該ツールのシャフトに対して第1軸の周囲で中間部材を配向させるように第1の継手の周囲で該ツールの該シャフトに対して該ツールの該中間部材を枢動させることと、
該中間部材に対して第2軸の周囲で該エンドエフェクタを配向させるように第2の継手の周囲で該中間部材に対して該エンドエフェクタを枢動させることであって、該第1の継手および該第2の継手のうちの1つは、該ツールの断面の中心部分内に配置される、中心に位置する継手を備える、ことと、
該孔と該中心継手から横方向にオフセットされた該エンドエフェクタとの間を通過する、作動システム構成要素を用いて、該エンドエフェクタを機械的に作動させることと
を含む、低侵襲手術方法。 - 前記エンドエフェクタの作動は、該エンドエフェクタの継手を関節動作させることを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 器具シャフトと、
手術用エンドエフェクタと、
該エンドエフェクタが第1のリスト枢動軸および第2のリスト枢動軸の周囲で該シャフトに対して移動するように、該器具シャフトおよび該エンドエフェクタを連結するリストと
を備え、
該リストは、支持部材と中間部材とを備え、
該中間部材は、第1端と、第2端と、該第1および第2端の間の軸に沿った該中間部材内のスロットとを備え、
該支持部材は、該第1のリスト枢動軸を画定するように、該スロットの内側で該中間部材に枢動可能に連結され、
該第2のリスト枢動軸は、該中間部材の該第1および第2端の間で画定される、手術器具。 - 遠位端、近位端、および該遠位端と該近位端との間に画定される第1のリンク軸を有する、第1のリンクと、
第2のリンクであって、該第2のリンクは、第1軸および第2軸の周囲で第2のリンクを配向させるように該第1のリンクの該遠位端と枢動可能に連結され、該第1および第2軸は、該第1のリンク軸と非平行であり、該第1軸は、該第2軸と非平行である、第2のリンクと、
該第2のリンク上に配置される4つの取付特徴と、
張力部材の対向軸方向移動が、該第1および第2軸の周囲で該第1のリンクに対して該第2のリンクを角度配向させるように、該第1のリンクから該取付特徴まで遠位に延在する、4つの張力部材であって、該張力部材と該取付特徴との間の界面は、該張力部材の張力の変化を阻止するよう、該第1のリンクに対する該第2のリンクの角度配向との相関関係において、該第2のリンクに対して該張力部材の位置を変化させる、張力部材と
を備える、手術ツール。 - 前記第1および第2軸は、交差していない、請求項22に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記張力部材のそれぞれは、前記第2のリンクが前記第1軸の周囲で枢動するときに、前記取付特徴のうちの1つに対して第1の関連中心の周囲で枢動し、該張力部材のそれぞれは、該第2のリンクが前記第2軸の周囲で枢動するときに、該取付特徴のうちの1つに対して第2の関連中心の周囲で枢動する、請求項23に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記張力部材は、前記取付特徴に摺動可能に係合し、前記界面は、円形断面および曲線界面軸を有する曲線円筒表面を備え、該円形断面は断面中心を画定し、該曲線界面軸は、曲率中心を画定し、第1および第2の関連中心のそれぞれは、断面中心または曲率中心に対応する、請求項24に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記第1および第2軸は、2mm以下で分離される、請求項23に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記第1軸は、前記第1のリンク軸を横断し、前記第2軸は、該第1軸を横断する、請求項22に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記取付特徴のそれぞれは、湾曲部分を備え、
前記張力部材のそれぞれは、前記第1のリンクが前記第1および第2軸のうちの1つの周囲で枢動するときに、該湾曲部分に対して、かつ該湾曲部分に沿って摺動するように該湾曲部分のうちの1つを摺動可能に受容するように構成される取付ラグを備える、請求項22に記載の手術ツール。 - 前記湾曲部分のそれぞれは、
前記第1軸または前記第2軸と垂直な平面内にある中心線と、
その曲線中心線の周囲の第1の曲率半径およびその曲線中心線の固定曲率中心と
を備える、請求項28に記載のツール。 - 前記固定曲率中心のそれぞれは、前記第1軸または前記第2軸のうちの少なくとも1つを含む平面内にある、請求項29に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記湾曲部分の中心線のそれぞれは、前記第1軸または前記第2軸のうちの少なくとも1つを含む平面に接する、請求項29に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記取付特徴のそれぞれは、取付ラグを備える、請求項22に記載のツール。
- 前記取付ラグのそれぞれは、前記第1軸または前記第2軸と平行に配向される接続穴軸を有する、請求項32に記載の手術ツール。
- 各接続穴軸は、前記第1軸または前記第2軸のうちの少なくとも1つを含む平面内にある、請求項33に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記張力部材のそれぞれは、前記第2のリンクが前記第1および第2軸のうちの1つの周囲で枢動するときに、湾曲部分が前記取付ラグ内で摺動するように、前記取付ラグのうちの1つによって摺動可能に受容されるように構成される、湾曲部分を備える、請求項32に記載の手術ツール。
- 前記取付特徴のそれぞれは、前記第1のリンク軸に沿って見たときに前記第1および第2軸からオフセットされ、前記取付特徴のうちの1つは、前記第1のリンク軸に沿って見たときに前記第1および第2軸によって画定される各四分円の中に配置され、
第1の対角線上に対向した一対の前記張力部材は、前記第1の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第1の張力部材から前記第1の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第2の張力部材まで延在する、少なくとも1つのケーブルによって作動させられ、前記少なくとも1つのケーブルは、第1のキャプスタンに巻き付けられ、前記第2のリンクに対する前記第1の対角線上に対向した一対の前記張力部材の変化する位置は、前記張力部材が球面中心継手で前記取付特徴に連結された場合に課される、前記少なくとも1つのケーブルの張力における振動を阻止する、請求項22に記載の手術ツール。 - 第2の対角線上に対向した一対の前記張力部材は、前記第2の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第1の張力部材から前記第1の対角線上に対向した一対のうちの第2の張力部材まで延在する、少なくとも1つのケーブルによって作動させられ、前記少なくとも1つのケーブルは、第2のキャプスタンに巻き付けられ、前記第2のリンクに対する前記第2の対角線上に対向した一対の前記張力部材の変化する位置は、前記張力部材が球面中心継手で前記取付特徴に連結された場合に課される、前記少なくとも1つのケーブルの張力における振動を阻止し、前記第2の一対の張力部材は、前記第1の一対の張力部材とは異なり、前記第2のキャプスタンは、前記第1のキャプスタンとは異なる、請求項36に記載の手術ツール。
- 遠位端、近位端、および該遠位端と該近位端との間に画定される第1のリンク軸を有する第1のリンクと、
該第1のリンクの該近位端に隣接して配置される制御ケーブル作動アセンブリから遠位に延在する複数の制御ケーブルと、
第1軸および第2軸の周囲で第2のリンクを配向させるように該第1のリンクの該遠位端と枢動可能に連結される第2のリンクであって、該第1および第2軸は、該第1のリンク軸と非平行であり、該第1軸は、該第2軸と非平行である、第2のリンクと、
複数のインターフェースアセンブリであって、各インターフェースアセンブリは、該制御ケーブルの軸方向移動が、該第1および第2軸の周囲で該第1のリンクに対して該第2のリンクを角度配向させるように、該制御ケーブルのうちの1つを該第2のリンクと連結し、該インターフェースアセンブリのうちの1つは、湾曲部分、および該湾曲部分を摺動可能に受容するようにサイズ決定される取付ラグ穴を有する取付ラグを有し、該取付ラグは、該第2のリンクが該第1軸の周囲で回転するときに該湾曲部分の周囲で回転し、該第2のリンクが該第2軸の周囲で回転するときに該湾曲部分に対して、かつ該湾曲部分に沿って摺動する、インターフェースアセンブリと
を含む、手術ツール。 - 前記複数の制御ケーブルは、4本の制御ケーブルを備え、前記インターフェースアセンブリのそれぞれは、前記取付ラグが、前記第2のリンクが前記第1軸の周囲で回転するときに前記湾曲部分の周囲で回転し、該第2のリンクが前記第2軸の周囲で回転するときに該湾曲部分に対して、かつ該湾曲部分に沿って摺動するように、湾曲部分の長さと、該湾曲部分を摺動可能に受容するようにサイズ決定される取付ラグ穴を有する取付ラグとを備える、請求項38に記載の手術ツール。
- 手術ツールを製造するための方法であって、
第1のリンクの細長い方向と非平行に配向される第1軸の周囲で回転するように、および該第1のリンクの該細長い方向および該第1軸の両方と非平行に配向される第2軸の周囲で回転するように、第2のリンクを該第1のリンクに枢動可能に連結するためのことであって、4つの取付特徴は、該第2のリンク上に配置され、該取付特徴のそれぞれは、該第1のリンクの該細長い方向に沿って見たときに該第1および第2軸からオフセットされ、該取付特徴のうちの1つは、該第1のリンクの該細長い方向に沿って見たときに該第1および第2軸によって画定される各四分円の中に配置される、ことと、
張力部材を該取付特徴のそれぞれと連結することであって、該張力部材のそれぞれは、該張力部材の軸方向移動が該軸の周囲で該第1のリンクに対して該第2のリンクを角度配向させるように、該第1のリンクの孔の内側から該第2のリンクの該取付特徴のうちの1つまで遠位に延在し、該張力部材と該取付特徴との間の界面は、該張力部材の張力の変化を阻止するよう、該第1のリンクに対する該第2のリンクの角度配向との相関関係において、該第2のリンクに対して該張力部材の位置を変化させる、ことと、
該張力部材を作動させることによって、2次元で該第1のリンクに対して該第2のリンクの該配向を制御するように動作可能である作動機構と該張力部材を連結することと
を含む、方法。 - 前記張力部材のそれぞれを作動機構と連結するステップは、
前記張力部材の第1の張力部材を第1の制御ケーブルと連結するステップと、
前記張力部材の第2の張力部材を第2の制御ケーブルと連結するステップであって、前記第2の張力部材は、前記第1の張力部材と対角線上に対向する、ステップと、
前記第1および第2の制御ケーブルを前記作動機構の第1のキャプスタンと連結するステップと、
前記張力部材の第3の張力部材を第3の制御ケーブルと連結するステップと、
前記張力部材の第4の張力部材を第4の制御ケーブルと連結するステップであって、前記第4の張力部材は、前記第3の張力部材と対角線上に対向する、ステップと、
前記第3および第4の制御ケーブルを前記作動機構の第2のキャプスタンと連結するステップと
を含む、請求項40に記載の方法。 - 第1のリンクと、
取付特徴を備える第2のリンクであって、該取付特徴は湾曲部分を備える、第2のリンクと、
該第1および第2のリンクを連結する継手であって、該継手は、第1軸の周囲および第2軸の周囲で回転し、該第1および第2軸は、非平行であり、相互からオフセットされる、継手と、
取付ラグを備える、張力部材であって、該取付ラグは、該取付特徴に連結され、該取付ラグは、該張力部材が該第1軸の周囲で該継手を回転させると、該湾曲部分の周囲で回転し、該取付ラグは、該張力部材が該第2軸の周囲で該継手を回転させると、該湾曲部分に対して、かつ該湾曲部分に沿って摺動する、張力部材と
を備える、手術器具。 - 角度を通してトルクを伝達するための機構であって、
連結部材であって、該連結部材は、その間に画定される連結軸を伴う第1端および第2端を備え、該第1端は容器を備える、連結部材と、
該容器を横断して延在する、連結ピンと、
駆動軸、および該容器内で受容される遠位端を有する、駆動シャフトであって、該駆動シャフト遠位端は、該駆動シャフトの回転が該連結ピンを介した該連結部材の回転を生じるように、該連結軸と該駆動軸との間の角度の範囲の全体を通して該連結ピンを受容する、スロットを備える、駆動シャフトと、
近位端、および被駆動軸を有する、被駆動シャフトであって、該被駆動シャフトの該近位端は、該連結軸の周囲での該連結部材の回転が該被駆動軸の周囲での該被駆動シャフトの回転を生じるように、該連結部材の該第2端と連結され、該駆動シャフトは、該駆動軸と該被駆動軸との間の角度が該シャフトの回転中に変化するときに、
該駆動軸と該連結軸との間と、
該被駆動軸と該連結軸との間とで、
対応する角度を維持するよう、該被駆動シャフトと連結される、被駆動シャフトと
を備える、機構。 - 前記駆動シャフトを前記連結ピンと連結するようにクロスピンをさらに備え、該クロスピンは、該連結ピンを横断し、前記駆動シャフトに対する回転のために載置される、請求項43に記載の機構。
- 前記駆動シャフト遠位端の外面は球面を備え、前記駆動シャフトの外面は、その間での球面枢動中に相互に対して前記駆動シャフトおよび容器を軸方向に拘束するように、前記連結部材の前記容器とインターフェースする、請求項43に記載の機構。
- 前記容器は、前記駆動シャフト球面とインターフェースする球面を備える、請求項45に記載の機構。
- 前記駆動シャフト遠位端はさらに、一式の球面歯車の歯を備え、
前記被駆動シャフト近位端は、
前記駆動軸と前記連結軸との間と、
前記被駆動軸と該連結軸との間とで、
実質的に同等の角度を維持するように、前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯とインターフェースする、一式の球面歯車の歯を備える、請求項43に記載の機構。 - 前記駆動シャフトおよび該駆動シャフトの歯車の歯、または前記被駆動シャフトおよび該被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯のうちの少なくとも一方は、一体化して形成される、請求項47に記載の機構。
- 前記機構は、60度を超える角度を通してトルクを伝達するように動作可能である、請求項43に記載の機構。
- 角度を通してトルクを伝達するための機構であって、
遠位端および駆動軸を有する、駆動シャフトと、
近位端および被駆動軸を有する、被駆動シャフトであって、該駆動シャフト遠位端または該被駆動シャフト近位端のうちの少なくとも1つは、突起部を備える、被駆動シャフトと、
該駆動軸の周囲での該駆動シャフトの回転が、該被駆動軸の周囲での該被駆動シャフトの回転を生じるように、該駆動シャフト遠位端および該被駆動シャフト近位端のそれぞれと連結される、連結部材であって、該連結部材は、その間に画定される連結軸を伴う駆動容器および被駆動容器を画定する、管状構造を備え、該駆動容器または被駆動容器のうちの少なくとも1つは、該少なくとも1つの突起部を受容し、該駆動シャフトと該被駆動シャフトとの間の角度の範囲を通して該少なくとも1つの突起部を収容するように構成される、スロットを備え、該突起部は、該駆動シャフトと該被駆動シャフトとの間で回転運動を伝えるよう該スロットと相互作用する、連結部材と
を備え、
該駆動シャフト遠位端は、該駆動軸と該被駆動軸との間の角度が該シャフトの回転中に変化するときに、
該駆動軸と該連結軸との間と、
該被駆動軸と該連結軸との間とで、
対応する角度を維持するよう、該被駆動シャフト近位端に係合する、機構。 - 前記駆動シャフト遠位端および前記被駆動シャフト近位端のそれぞれは、各シャフトについて、前記シャフト軸と前記連結軸との間に画定される交点が、前記シャフト軸に沿って、かつ前記連結軸に沿って軸方向に付加されるように、それぞれ、前記駆動容器および前記被駆動容器と相互作用する外面を備える、請求項50に記載の機構。
- 各外面は、球面を備える、請求項51に記載の機構。
- 各容器は、球面を備える、請求項52に記載の機構。
- 前記駆動シャフト遠位端は、前記駆動軸の周囲に延在する駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面を備え、前記被駆動シャフト近位端は、前記被駆動軸の周囲に延在する被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面を備え、前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面は、前記角度の間の対応性を維持するよう、前記被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面に係合する、請求項50に記載の機構。
- 前記駆動シャフトおよび前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面、または前記被駆動シャフトおよび前記被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面のうちの少なくとも一方は、一体化して形成される、請求項54に記載の機構。
- 前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面は、前記駆動軸から放射状に延在する駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の外形によって画定され、前記被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面は、前記被駆動軸から放射状に延在する被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の外形によって画定され、前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面は、前記駆動/連結器角度と前記被駆動/連結器角度との間で実質的な等価を維持するよう、被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面に係合する、請求項54に記載の機構。
- 前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面は、前記駆動軸の周囲で前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の外形を回転させることによって画定される、外旋表面を備え、前記被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の表面は、前記被駆動軸の周囲で前記被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯の外形を回転させることによって画定される、外旋表面を備える、請求項54に記載の機構。
- 前記機構は、60度を超える角度を通してトルクを伝達するように動作可能である、請求項50に記載の機構。
- 器具シャフトと、
遠位端および駆動軸を有する、駆動シャフトであって、該器具シャフト内で回転するために載置される、駆動シャフトと、
近位端および被駆動軸を有する、被駆動シャフトと、
該駆動および被駆動シャフトの回転速度が、該駆動軸および該被駆動軸が非平行であるときに実質的に平等であるように、該駆動シャフトを該被駆動シャフトと連結する連結部材と、
エンドエフェクタの配向を、該器具シャフトに対して2次元で変化させることができるように、該器具シャフトと連結されるエンドエフェクタであって、該被駆動軸の周囲での該被駆動シャフトの回転が、関節動作特徴の関節動作を生じるように、該被駆動シャフトと連結される該特徴を備える、エンドエフェクタと
を備える、低侵襲手術ツール。 - 前記連結部材は、その間に画定される連結軸を伴う第1端および第2端を備え、
前記駆動シャフト遠位端は、前記駆動軸の周囲での前記駆動シャフトの回転が、前記連結軸の周囲での前記連結部材の回転を生じるように、前記連結部材の第1端と軸方向かつ回転可能に連結され、
前記被駆動シャフト近位端は、前記連結軸の周囲での前記連結部材の回転が、前記被駆動軸の周囲での前記被駆動シャフトの回転を生じるように、前記連結部材の第2端と軸方向かつ回転可能に連結され、
前記駆動シャフト遠位端は、前記駆動軸および前記被駆動軸の間の角度が前記シャフトの回転中に変化するときに、
前記駆動軸と前記連結軸との間と、
前記被駆動軸と前記連結軸との間とで、
対応する角度を維持するよう、前記被駆動シャフト近位端に係合する、請求項59に記載のツール。 - 前記駆動シャフト遠位端は、球面歯車の歯を備え、前記被駆動シャフト近位端は、前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯に係合する球面歯車の歯を備える、請求項60に記載のツール。
- 前記駆動シャフトおよび前記駆動シャフトの歯車の歯、または前記被駆動シャフトおよび前記被駆動シャフトの歯車の歯のうちの少なくとも一方は、一体化して形成される、請求項61に記載のツール。
- 連結部材の第1端容器と、
前記容器を横断する連結ピンと、
前記容器とインターフェースする、駆動シャフト遠位端の外面と、
前記連結軸と前記駆動軸との間の角度の範囲の全体を通して前記連結ピンを受容する、駆動シャフト遠位端スロットであって、前記連結ピンと前記スロットとの間の相互作用は、前記駆動シャフトの回転が前記連結部材の回転を生じるように、前記駆動シャフトを前記連結部材と連結する、駆動シャフト遠位端スロットと
をさらに備える、請求項60に記載のツール。 - 前記駆動シャフトを前記連結ピンと連結するようにクロススピンをさらに備え、前記クロスピンは、前記連結ピンと直角に配向され、前記駆動シャフトに対する回転のために載置される、請求項63に記載のツール。
- 前記駆動シャフト遠位端または前記被駆動シャフト近位端のうちの少なくとも1つは、突起部を備え、
前記連結部材は、前記連結軸に沿って配置される駆動容器および被駆動容器を画定する、管状構造を備え、
該駆動容器または該被駆動容器のうちの少なくとも1つは、該突起部を受容し、前記駆動軸と前記被駆動軸との間の角度の範囲を通して該突起部を収容するように構成されるスロットを備え、
該突起部は、前記駆動シャフトまたは前記被駆動シャフトのうちの少なくとも1つと該連結部材との間の回転運動を伝えるように該スロットと相互作用する、請求項60に記載のツール。
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