JP2013140037A - Ocv characteristic estimation device for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, ocv characteristic estimation method, power storage system, and battery pack - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an OCV characteristic estimation device, capable of rapidly and accurately estimating the OCV characteristic of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.SOLUTION: An OCV characteristic estimation device 100 comprises: an OCP characteristic acquisition part 110 which acquires the OCP characteristic of a first positive electrode and the OCP characteristic of a first negative electrode; an open circuit potential acquisition part 120 which acquires the open circuit potential of the first positive electrode, the open circuit potential of the first negative electrode, a difference quantity of electricity, the open circuit potential of a second positive electrode, and the open circuit potential of a second negative electrode; a deterioration rate calculation part 130 which calculate the deterioration rate of a positive electrode and the deterioration rate of a negative electrode using the OCP characteristic of the first positive electrode, the OCP characteristic of the first negative electrode, the open circuit potential of the first positive electrode, the open circuit potential of the first negative electrode, the difference quantity of electricity, the open circuit potential of the second positive electrode, and the open circuit potential of the second negative electrode; a deviation amount calculation part 140 which calculates the amount of deviation using the deterioration rate of a positive electrode, the deterioration rate of a negative electrode, the OCP characteristic of the first positive electrode, and the OCP characteristic of the first negative electrode; and an OCV characteristic calculation part 150 which calculates the OCV characteristic using the amount of deviation, the deterioration rate of a positive electrode, the deterioration rate of a negative electrode, the OCP characteristic of the first positive electrode, and the OCP characteristic of the first negative electrode.

Description

  The present invention relates to an OCV characteristic estimation device, an OCV characteristic estimation method, a power storage system, and an assembled battery that estimate OCV characteristics of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

  The shift from gasoline cars to electric cars has become important as a global environmental problem. For this reason, development of an electric vehicle using a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery as a power source is in progress.

  Here, in order to effectively use the secondary battery, it is important to accurately estimate the battery capacity of the secondary battery and grasp the deterioration state of the secondary battery. In order to accurately estimate the battery capacity of the secondary battery, it is necessary to accurately grasp the OCV characteristic that is the characteristic of the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery.

  For this reason, the technique which grasps | ascertains the OCV characteristic of the said secondary battery conventionally is proposed (for example, refer patent document 1 and nonpatent literature 1). Patent Document 1 discloses a method for acquiring OCV characteristics by repeating an intermittent charge / discharge test for determination of a deterioration state of a secondary battery. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method of estimating OCV characteristics by measuring low-rate discharge characteristics in a lithium ion secondary battery and fitting a predetermined function to the characteristics.

JP2011-40198A

K. Honkura et al. , Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011), 10141-10147

  However, the conventional technique for grasping the OCV characteristic as described above has a problem that the OCV characteristic cannot be estimated quickly and accurately.

  That is, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, it takes time to repeatedly measure the intermittent charge / discharge test, and thus the OCV characteristic cannot be estimated quickly. There is also a problem that the battery becomes unusable during the intermittent charge / discharge test.

  Further, in the technique disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, it takes time to measure the low-rate discharge characteristics, and thus the OCV characteristics cannot be estimated quickly. In addition, the OCV characteristic is estimated by fitting a predetermined function to the characteristic. However, it is difficult to perform the fitting with high accuracy. If the fitting accuracy is low, the OCV characteristic is accurately estimated. Can not.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problem. An OCV characteristic estimation apparatus and OCV capable of quickly and accurately estimating OCV characteristics in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery. An object is to provide a characteristic estimation method, a power storage system, and an assembled battery.

  In order to achieve the above object, an OCV characteristic estimation device according to one embodiment of the present invention can measure a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential, which are open circuit potentials of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, using a reference electrode. An OCV characteristic estimation device for estimating an OCV characteristic indicating a relationship between an electric quantity and an open circuit voltage of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein the electric quantity of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in a predetermined first state A first positive OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between a certain first electric quantity and a positive open circuit potential; and a first negative OCP characteristic indicating a relation between the first electric quantity and a negative open circuit potential in the first state. An OCP characteristic acquisition unit to acquire, and a first positive open circuit potential and a first negative open circuit potential that are a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential at a predetermined first charging time in a predetermined second state , From the first charging time to the second charging time The differential electric quantity, which is the energized electric quantity when the electric current is applied, and the second positive open circuit potential and the second negative open circuit potential, which are the positive open circuit potential and the negative open circuit potential at the second charging point, are acquired. A circuit potential acquisition unit; the first positive OCP characteristic and the first negative OCP characteristic acquired by the OCP characteristic acquisition unit; the first positive open circuit potential acquired by the open circuit potential acquisition unit; Deterioration rate for calculating a positive electrode deterioration rate and a negative electrode deterioration rate indicating the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using the open circuit potential, the differential electric quantity, the second positive electrode open circuit potential, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential. Using the calculation unit, the calculated positive electrode deterioration rate and negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic, the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state The amount of electricity Using the deviation amount calculation unit for calculating the amount, the calculated deviation amount, the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic, the second An OCV characteristic calculation unit for calculating the OCV characteristic in the state.

  According to this, the OCV characteristic estimation device includes a first positive OCP characteristic, a first negative OCP characteristic, a first positive open circuit potential, a first negative open circuit potential, a differential electric quantity, a second positive open circuit potential, and a second positive open circuit potential. The negative electrode open circuit potential is used to calculate the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate, and the positive electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated using the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic. And the negative electrode OCP characteristic, and the OCV characteristic in the second state is calculated using the deviation amount, the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic. To do. That is, the OCV characteristic estimation device calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state by calculating the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, and the shift amount. Here, as a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present application have found that the OCV characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be accurately estimated using the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, and the shift amount. It was. In addition, since the OCV characteristic estimation device calculates the OCV characteristic using the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, and the deviation amount, it is not necessary to actually perform charge and discharge and measure the OCV characteristic quickly. Can be estimated. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation device can estimate the OCV characteristic of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery quickly and accurately.

  Preferably, the deterioration rate calculation unit calculates a difference in electric quantity between the first positive open circuit potential and the second positive open circuit potential obtained from the first positive OCP characteristic as a positive differential electric quantity, The difference in electric quantity between the first negative open circuit potential and the second negative open circuit potential obtained from the first negative OCP characteristic is calculated as a negative differential electric quantity, and the differential electric quantity is divided by the positive differential electric quantity. The obtained value is calculated as the positive electrode deterioration rate, and a value obtained by dividing the differential electric quantity by the negative electrode differential electric quantity is calculated as the negative electrode deterioration rate.

  According to this, the OCV characteristic estimation device calculates the positive differential electric quantity and the negative differential electric quantity, sets a value obtained by dividing the differential electric quantity by the positive differential electric quantity as a positive electrode deterioration rate, and sets the differential electric quantity as the negative differential electric quantity. The value divided by is calculated as the negative electrode deterioration rate. Thereby, the OCV characteristic estimation device can easily calculate the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation device can estimate the OCV characteristic of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery easily and quickly with high accuracy.

  Preferably, the deviation amount calculation unit calculates the amount of electricity in the first positive electrode open circuit potential or the second positive electrode open circuit potential obtained from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the first positive electrode OCP characteristic by the positive electrode deterioration rate. The amount of electricity is calculated as the amount of electricity at the first negative electrode open circuit potential or the second negative electrode open circuit potential obtained from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the first negative electrode OCP characteristic by the negative electrode deterioration rate. The difference between the positive electrode electric quantity and the negative electrode electric quantity is calculated as the deviation amount.

  According to this, the OCV characteristic estimation device calculates the positive electrode electric quantity and the negative electrode electric quantity, and calculates the difference between the positive electrode electric quantity and the negative electrode electric quantity as the deviation amount. Thereby, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus can easily calculate the deviation amount. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation device can estimate the OCV characteristic of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery easily and quickly with high accuracy.

  Preferably, the OCV characteristic calculation unit calculates a value obtained by adding the deviation amount to the first electric quantity as a second electric quantity, and calculates the first electric quantity in the first positive electrode OCP characteristic as the second electric quantity. By multiplying the positive electrode OCP characteristic when the amount is changed by the positive electrode deterioration rate, the second positive electrode OCP characteristic that is the positive electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated, and the negative electrode deterioration rate is added to the first negative electrode OCP characteristic. The second negative electrode OCP characteristic, which is the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state, is calculated by subtracting the second negative electrode OCP characteristic from the calculated second positive electrode OCP characteristic. An OCV characteristic is calculated.

  According to this, the OCV characteristic estimation device calculates the negative electrode deterioration rate from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the positive electrode OCP characteristic by the positive electrode deterioration rate when the deviation amount is added to the amount of electricity in the first positive electrode OCP characteristic. The OCV characteristic in the second state is calculated by subtracting the characteristic multiplied by. Thereby, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus can easily calculate the OCV characteristic in the second state. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation device can estimate the OCV characteristic of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery easily and quickly with high accuracy.

  Preferably, the difference between the first positive open circuit potential and the second positive open circuit potential is larger than a predetermined value.

  According to this, the difference between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential is larger than the predetermined value. Here, the greater the difference between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential, the greater the slope of the positive electrode OCP characteristic, so the OCV characteristic estimation device can calculate the OCV characteristic with high accuracy. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus can estimate the OCV characteristic of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with higher accuracy.

  In order to achieve the above object, an assembled battery according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries including one nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a reference electrode, and the nonaqueous electrolyte according to the first aspect. An OCV characteristic estimation device for estimating an OCV characteristic indicating a relationship between an electric quantity of the electrolyte secondary battery and an open circuit voltage, and the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus includes the estimated OCV characteristic of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the first aspect. Is estimated as the OCV characteristics of the plurality of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries as a whole.

  According to this, the assembled battery includes a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries including one nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a reference electrode, and an OCV characteristic estimation device for the one nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus estimates the estimated OCV characteristic of the one nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery as the OCV characteristics of the plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries as a whole. As a result, the assembled battery can quickly and accurately estimate the OCV characteristic of the one nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and therefore quickly and accurately estimate the OCV characteristics of all the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. be able to.

  Preferably, in the first nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the battery surface temperature is higher than an average value of battery surface temperatures of other nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries among the plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. high.

  According to this, the assembled battery estimates the OCV characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery whose battery surface temperature is higher than the average value of other nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. Here, the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery tends to deteriorate as the battery surface temperature increases. For this reason, an assembled battery can grasp | ascertain the lifetime as an assembled battery correctly by estimating the OCV characteristic of the battery which deteriorates easily.

  In addition, the present invention can be realized not only as such an OCV characteristic estimation apparatus, but also as an OCV characteristic estimation method that uses the processing of a characteristic processing unit included in the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus as a step. it can. The present invention can also be realized as an integrated circuit including a characteristic processing unit included in such an OCV characteristic estimation device.

  In addition, the present invention is realized as a power storage system including a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and an OCV characteristic estimation device that estimates an OCV characteristic indicating a relationship between an electric quantity of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and an open circuit voltage. You can also.

  The present invention can also be realized as a program that causes a computer to execute characteristic processing included in the OCV characteristic estimation method. Needless to say, such a program can be distributed via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM and a transmission medium such as the Internet.

  According to the present invention, OCV characteristics can be estimated quickly and accurately in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.

It is an external appearance perspective view of an assembled battery provided with the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 1 is an external perspective view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the functional structure of the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the 1st state data which concern on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the 2nd state data which concern on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the time-dependent change of the OCV characteristic of a secondary battery. It is a figure for demonstrating the time-dependent change of the OCV characteristic of a secondary battery. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process in which the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention estimates the OCV characteristic of a secondary battery. It is a figure for demonstrating the process in which the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention estimates the OCV characteristic of a secondary battery. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process in which the deterioration rate calculation part which concerns on embodiment of this invention calculates a positive electrode deterioration rate and a negative electrode deterioration rate. It is a figure for demonstrating the process in which the deterioration rate calculation part which concerns on embodiment of this invention calculates a positive electrode deterioration rate and a negative electrode deterioration rate. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process in which the deviation | shift amount calculation part which concerns on embodiment of this invention calculates the deviation | shift amount of the electrical quantity of positive electrode OCP characteristic and negative electrode OCP characteristic. It is a figure for demonstrating the process in which the deviation | shift amount calculation part which concerns on embodiment of this invention calculates the deviation | shift amount of the electrical quantity of a positive electrode OCP characteristic and a negative electrode OCP characteristic. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process in which the OCV characteristic calculation part which concerns on embodiment of this invention calculates the OCV characteristic in a 2nd state. It is a figure for demonstrating the process in which the OCV characteristic calculation part which concerns on embodiment of this invention calculates the OCV characteristic in a 2nd state. It is a block diagram which shows the structure which implement | achieves the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention with an integrated circuit.

  Hereinafter, an OCV characteristic estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention and an assembled battery including the OCV characteristic estimation device will be described with reference to the drawings. Each of the embodiments described below shows a preferred specific example of the present invention. The numerical values, shapes, materials, constituent elements, arrangement positions and connecting forms of the constituent elements, steps, order of steps, and the like shown in the following embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The invention is limited only by the claims. Therefore, among the constituent elements in the following embodiments, constituent elements that are not described in the independent claims indicating the highest concept of the present invention are not necessarily required to achieve the object of the present invention. It will be described as constituting a preferred form.

  First, the configuration of the assembled battery 10 will be described.

  FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an assembled battery 10 including an OCV characteristic estimation device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in the figure, the assembled battery 10 includes an OCV characteristic estimation device 100, a plurality of secondary batteries 200 (10 secondary batteries 201 to 210 in the figure), and an OCV characteristic estimation device. 100 and a housing case 300 that houses a plurality of secondary batteries 200.

  The OCV characteristic estimation device 100 is a circuit board on which a circuit that is disposed above a plurality of secondary batteries 200 and estimates an OCV characteristic indicating the relationship between the amount of electricity and the open circuit voltage of the plurality of secondary batteries 200 is mounted. . Specifically, the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 is connected to, for example, the secondary battery 203, acquires information from the secondary battery 203, and estimates the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203.

  Note that the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 200 is a characteristic indicating a relationship between the amount of electricity supplied to the secondary battery 200 and an open circuit voltage (OCV). Further, the open circuit voltage is a potential difference of an open circuit potential (OCP) between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 200, and the negative circuit open circuit potential is calculated from the positive circuit open circuit potential of the secondary battery 200. Subtracted value.

  Further, the positive open circuit potential and the negative open circuit potential are the time when a sufficient time has elapsed after the secondary battery 200 is electrically disconnected from the external circuit (no load is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode). The positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential of the secondary battery 200 in FIG. That is, the open circuit voltage indicates a voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 200 when a sufficient time has passed without a current flowing through the secondary battery 200.

  Here, the secondary battery 203 to which the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 is connected has a battery surface temperature of the other secondary batteries 201, 202, and 204 to 210 among the plurality of secondary batteries 201 to 210. It is assumed that the temperature is higher than the average value. And the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 estimates the estimated OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203 as the OCV characteristic of the some secondary battery 200 whole.

  Here, OCV characteristic estimation device 100 is arranged above a plurality of secondary batteries 200, but OCV characteristic estimation device 100 may be arranged anywhere. The detailed functional configuration of the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 will be described later.

  In the same figure, ten rectangular secondary batteries 200 are arranged to constitute an assembled battery. Note that the number of secondary batteries 200 is not limited to ten, but may be other plural numbers or one. Further, the shape of the secondary battery 200 is not particularly limited.

  Next, the configuration of the secondary battery 203 to which the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 is connected will be described.

  FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of secondary battery 203 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the figure is a figure which saw through the inside of a battery case.

  The secondary battery 203 is a secondary battery that can charge and discharge electricity, and more specifically, is a lithium ion secondary battery. As shown in the figure, the secondary battery 203 includes a battery container 210, a positive electrode terminal 220, and a negative electrode terminal 230, and the battery container 210 includes a lid plate 211 that is an upper wall. In addition, a power generation element 212, a positive current collector 213, a negative current collector 214, and a reference electrode 215 are disposed inside the battery container 210. Note that a liquid such as an electrolytic solution is sealed in the battery container 210 of the secondary battery 203, but the illustration of the liquid is omitted.

  The secondary batteries 201, 202, 204 to 210 other than the secondary battery 203 shown in FIG. 1 have the same configuration as the secondary battery 203, but the reference electrode 215 may not be provided. .

  The battery container 210 includes a casing main body having a rectangular cylindrical shape and a bottom, and a metal lid plate 211 that closes an opening of the casing main body. In addition, the battery container 210 can seal the inside by housing the power generation element 212 and the like and then welding the lid plate 211 and the housing body.

  Although not shown in detail, the power generation element 212 is a member that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator and can store electricity. In the positive electrode, a positive electrode active material layer is formed on the surface of a long belt-shaped positive electrode current collector sheet made of aluminum. The negative electrode is obtained by forming a negative electrode active material layer on the surface of a long strip-shaped negative electrode current collector sheet made of copper. The separator is a microporous sheet made of resin. The power generation element 212 is formed by winding a layered arrangement so that a separator is sandwiched between a negative electrode and a positive electrode so that the whole becomes an oval shape.

  More specifically, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound in an ellipse shape around the rotation axis along the width direction while being shifted from each other in the width direction of the long band through the separator. And the positive electrode and the negative electrode are positive electrode current collectors in which no active material is formed at one end of the winding shaft by making the edge portions in the respective shifting directions into non-active material forming portions. A certain aluminum foil is exposed, and a copper foil, which is a negative electrode current collector on which no active material is formed, is exposed at the other end of the winding shaft. Further, a positive electrode current collector member 213 and a negative electrode current collector member 214 are disposed at both ends of the power generation element 212 in the winding axis direction so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the winding axis direction.

Here, as the positive electrode active material, polyanion compounds such as LiMPO ₄ , LiMSiO ₄ , LiMBO ₃ (M is one or more transition metal elements selected from Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, etc.), titanic acid, etc. Use of spinel compounds such as lithium and lithium manganate, lithium transition metal oxides such as LiMO ₂ (M is one or more transition metal elements selected from Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, etc.), etc. it can.

In applying the present invention, from the viewpoint of detection accuracy, it is preferable to use a positive electrode material whose potential characteristics are not flat and whose change in inclination is large. Specifically, it is preferable to use the above lithium transition metal oxide LiMO ₂ as the positive electrode active material.

Moreover, as a negative electrode active material, if a negative electrode active material which can occlude / release lithium ion, a well-known material can be used suitably. For example, lithium is occluded in addition to lithium metal and lithium alloys (lithium-containing alloys such as lithium-silicon, lithium-aluminum, lithium-lead, lithium-tin, lithium-aluminum-tin, lithium-gallium, and wood alloys). Releasable alloys, carbon materials (eg, graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, low-temperature calcined carbon, amorphous carbon, etc.), silicon oxide, metal oxide, lithium metal oxide (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ) and polyphosphoric acid compounds.

  The positive electrode terminal 220 is an electrode terminal electrically connected to the positive electrode of the power generation element 212, and the negative electrode terminal 230 is an electrode terminal electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power generation element 212. That is, the positive electrode terminal 220 and the negative electrode terminal 230 lead out the electricity stored in the power generation element 212 to the external circuit of the secondary battery 203 and introduce electricity into the power generation element 212 inside the secondary battery 203. It is a metal electrode terminal. The positive electrode terminal 220 and the negative electrode terminal 230 are attached to a lid plate 211 disposed above the power generation element 212.

  The positive electrode current collector 213 is disposed between the positive electrode current collector of the power generation element 212 and the side wall of the battery container 210, and has electrical conductivity and rigidity electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 220 and the positive electrode of the power generation element 212. It is a member provided with. The positive current collector 213 is made of aluminum, like the positive current collector of the power generation element 212.

  The negative electrode current collector 214 is disposed between the negative electrode current collector of the power generation element 212 and the side wall of the battery container 210, and has electrical conductivity and rigidity electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 230 and the negative electrode of the power generation element 212. It is a member provided with. The negative electrode current collector 214 is made of copper, like the negative electrode current collector of the power generation element 212.

  The reference electrode 215 is a third electrode for measuring the potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 203, and is disposed between the power generation element 212 and the battery container 210. Specifically, the reference electrode 215 is processed so that only lithium metal is exposed by attaching metallic lithium to the tip of a stainless steel reference electrode lead.

Here, as the reference electrode 215, Li is appropriately inserted as an active material having a flat potential such as metallic lithium, a lithium alloy such as a lithium-aluminum alloy or a lithium-tin alloy, or Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ or LiFePO _4. Any device may be used as long as it exhibits a stable potential, such as a state in which the potential is flattened by the like.

  In addition, the reference electrode 215 may be arranged at any position in the battery container 210 as long as there is a liquid junction between the power generation element 212 and the reference electrode 215.

  For example, the separator may be wound around the reference electrode 215. In this case, from the viewpoint of maintaining a liquid junction, it is desirable that the separator used for the power generation element 212 protrudes from the power generation element 212 and is used as a separator that wraps the reference electrode 215.

  Further, when the battery case 210 is electrically insulated from the positive electrode terminal 220 and the negative electrode terminal 230, the battery case 210 can be used as the reference electrode 215. In this case, examples of the material of the battery container 210 include metals such as aluminum, iron, stainless steel, and nickel-plated steel plate. In the case where the battery container 210 does not react with metallic lithium, such as iron, stainless steel, or nickel-plated steel plate, a metallic lithium reference electrode serving as a reference electrode can be electrically connected.

  Next, a detailed functional configuration of the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 is an apparatus that is connected to the secondary battery 203 and estimates the OCV characteristic indicating the relationship between the amount of electricity of the secondary battery 203 and the open circuit voltage. As shown in the figure, the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 includes an OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110, an open circuit potential acquisition unit 120, a deterioration rate calculation unit 130, a deviation amount calculation unit 140, an OCV characteristic calculation unit 150, and a storage unit 160. ing.

  The OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110 includes a first positive OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between a first electric quantity that is an electric quantity of the secondary battery 203 in a predetermined first state and a positive open circuit potential, and the first state. A first negative electrode OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between the first electric quantity and the negative electrode open circuit potential is obtained. The positive open circuit potential is a positive open circuit potential, and the negative open circuit potential is a negative open circuit potential.

  The first state is a state serving as a reference for calculation for estimating the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203. Here, the first state may be any state. For example, the first state is a state when the secondary battery 203 is shipped from the factory or when charging / discharging is started.

  The open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 acquires a first positive open circuit potential and a first negative open circuit potential that are a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential at a predetermined first charging time in a predetermined second state. In addition, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 includes a differential electricity amount that is an energized electricity amount when energizing from the first charging time to the second charging time, and a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential at the second charging time. The second positive electrode open circuit potential and the second negative electrode open circuit potential are acquired.

  Here, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 measures the positive electrode open circuit potential and the negative electrode open circuit potential of the secondary battery 203 using the reference electrode 215, whereby the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the first negative electrode open circuit potential described above are measured. A circuit potential, a second positive open circuit potential, and a second negative open circuit potential can be obtained.

  The second state is a state in which the secondary battery 203 starts charging / discharging from the first state and a predetermined period has elapsed, and is a state in which the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203 is desired to be estimated. In addition, the first charging time and the second charging time may be any time as long as they are within the second state, and are expressed in any unit such as minutes, hours, days, and months. It doesn't matter.

  The deterioration rate calculation unit 130 includes the first positive OCP characteristic and the first negative OCP characteristic acquired by the OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110, the first positive open circuit potential and the first negative open circuit potential acquired by the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120. Then, the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate indicating the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are calculated using the differential electric quantity, the second positive electrode open circuit potential, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential.

  Specifically, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates the difference in the electric quantity between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential obtained from the first positive electrode OCP characteristic as the positive electrode differential electric quantity, A difference in electricity between the first negative electrode open circuit potential and the second negative electrode open circuit potential obtained from the OCP characteristic is calculated as a negative electrode differential electric quantity. Then, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates a value obtained by dividing the difference electricity amount by the positive electrode difference electricity amount as a positive electrode deterioration rate, and calculates a value obtained by dividing the difference electricity amount by the negative electrode difference electricity amount as a negative electrode deterioration rate.

  The deviation amount calculation unit 140 uses the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate calculated by the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 and the first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic acquired by the OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110, A deviation amount of the electric quantity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the state is calculated.

  Specifically, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the amount of electricity at the first positive electrode open circuit potential or the second positive electrode open circuit potential obtained from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the first positive electrode OCP characteristic by the positive electrode deterioration rate as the positive electrode electric quantity. In addition, the amount of electricity at the first negative electrode open circuit potential or the second negative electrode open circuit potential obtained from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the first negative electrode OCP characteristic by the negative electrode deterioration rate is calculated as the negative electrode electric quantity. And the deviation | shift amount calculation part 140 calculates the difference of positive electrode electric quantity and negative electrode electric quantity as deviation | shift amount.

  The OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 includes the deviation amount calculated by the deviation amount calculation unit 140, the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate calculated by the deterioration rate calculation unit 130, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic acquired by the OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110, and The OCV characteristic in the second state is calculated using the first negative electrode OCP characteristic.

  Specifically, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates a value obtained by adding the deviation amount to the first electric quantity as the second electric quantity, and changes the first electric quantity in the first positive electrode OCP characteristic to the second electric quantity. By multiplying the positive electrode OCP characteristic in this case by the positive electrode deterioration rate, the second positive electrode OCP characteristic that is the positive electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated. In addition, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the second negative electrode OCP characteristic that is the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state by multiplying the first negative electrode OCP characteristic by the negative electrode deterioration rate. Then, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state by subtracting the second negative electrode OCP characteristic from the calculated second positive electrode OCP characteristic.

  The storage unit 160 is a memory that stores information for estimating the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203. Specifically, the storage unit 160 stores first state data 161 that is information in the first state and second state data 162 that is information in the second state.

  FIG. 4A is a diagram showing an example of the first state data 161 according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The first state data 161 is a collection of data indicating information in the first state. That is, as shown in the figure, the first state data 161 is a data table including “first positive OCP characteristic” and “first negative OCP characteristic”.

  In the present embodiment, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic are measured in advance and stored in the storage unit 160, and the OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110 receives the first positive electrode OCP characteristic from the storage unit 160. And the 1st negative electrode OCP characteristic and the 1st negative electrode OCP characteristic are acquired by reading the 1st negative electrode OCP characteristic. The OCV characteristic estimation device 100 may measure the first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic and store them in the storage unit 160.

  FIG. 4B is a diagram showing an example of the second state data 162 according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The second state data 162 is a collection of data indicating information in the second state. That is, as shown in the figure, the second state data 162 includes “first positive open circuit potential”, “first negative open circuit potential”, “difference electric quantity”, “second positive open circuit potential”, and “ 6 is a data table including “second negative electrode open circuit potential”.

  That is, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 acquires the first positive electrode open circuit potential, the first negative electrode open circuit potential, the differential electric quantity, the second positive electrode open circuit potential, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential, and obtains these data. The second state data 162 is updated by writing to the storage unit 160.

  Further, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130, the deviation amount calculation unit 140, and the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 read out necessary data from the first state data 161 and the second state data 162 stored in the storage unit 160, and calculate them, respectively. I do.

  Next, a change with time in the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203 will be described.

  5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining the change over time in the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203. FIG. Specifically, FIG. 5A is a graph showing the positive electrode open circuit potential and the negative electrode open circuit potential of the secondary battery 203 in the initial state, and FIG. 5B is a graph after the negative electrode SEI is formed. 4 is a graph showing a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential of the secondary battery 203 of FIG. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the positive electrode open circuit potential and the negative electrode open circuit potential of the secondary battery 203 after the elapse of time from FIG. 5B.

  First, when lithium ions (amount of electricity) are used in addition to occlusion / release of lithium in the negative electrode due to formation of SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) on the negative electrode, the graph of FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (b) Move to the graph. That is, the negative open circuit potential graph moves relatively to the right by the amount of lithium (amount of electricity) that is used to form the negative electrode SEI and cannot be returned to the positive electrode.

  When the secondary battery 203 is further charged and discharged and further deteriorates, the formation of the negative electrode SEI further proceeds, and the capacity of the positive electrode or the negative electrode decreases. Here, when the negative electrode SEI formation further proceeds, the graph of FIG. 6A shifts to the graph of FIG. 6B. That is, the negative electrode open circuit potential graph further moves to the right. Further, when the capacity of the positive electrode or the negative electrode decreases, the graph of FIG. 6A shifts to the graph of FIG. 6C. That is, the graph of the positive open circuit potential or the negative open circuit potential is reduced in the horizontal direction.

  For this reason, as the deterioration of the secondary battery 203 progresses, the formation of the negative electrode SEI further progresses, and the capacity of the positive electrode or the negative electrode decreases, so that the negative electrode open circuit potential graph moves to the right side, and the positive electrode open circuit potential or The graph of the negative open circuit potential is reduced in the horizontal direction.

  Thus, since the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic of the secondary battery 203 change with time, the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203 also changes with time.

  Next, the process in which the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 estimates the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203 will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of processing in which the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention estimates the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining processing in which the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention estimates the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203.

  First, as shown in FIG. 7, the OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110 acquires the first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic in the first state (S102).

  The first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic are measured in advance by, for example, a single electrode test and stored in the storage unit 160.

Here, as the above single electrode test, for example, the same material as the positive electrode and the negative electrode used for the secondary battery 203 and processed to 1.5 × 2.0 cm ² is used as a test electrode, and a metal as a reference electrode and a counter electrode. The test can be performed using lithium. The potential range, for example, for the positive electrode and ^{4.3~2.75 (V vs.Li + / Li)} , anode and ^{0.02~2.0 (V vs.Li + / Li)} .

  And in the said monopolar test, after charging to full charge, after discharging for 1 hour at 1/20 CmA, leaving it for 3 hours and measuring the potential 30 times, as shown in FIG. Positive electrode OCP characteristics and negative electrode OCP characteristics can be obtained. Thereby, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) shown in FIG. 8 can be obtained as known functions.

  Thus, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) are measured in advance and stored in the storage unit 160. And the OCP characteristic acquisition part 110 reads the said 1st positive electrode OCP characteristic and 1st negative electrode OCP characteristic from the 1st state data 161 of the memory | storage part 160, The 1st positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) shown in FIG. And the 1st negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) is acquired.

  Next, returning to FIG. 7, in the second state, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 acquires the first positive open circuit potential and the first negative open circuit potential at the first charging time (S104).

Specifically, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 measures the positive open circuit potential and the negative open circuit potential of the secondary battery 203 by using the reference electrode 215, whereby the first positive open circuit potential P shown in FIG. acquires _a and the first FukyokuHiraki circuit potential N _a. Here, as shown in FIG. 8, the first positive electrode open circuit potential P _A is a point on the positive electrode OCP characteristic f ′ (q) in the second state, and the first negative electrode open circuit potential N _A is the second This is a point on the negative electrode OCP characteristic g ′ (q) in the state.

The open circuit potential acquisition unit 120, by writing the first SeikyokuHiraki circuit potential P _A and the first FukyokuHiraki circuit potential N _A acquired in the storage unit 160, and updates the second state data 162.

  Next, returning to FIG. 7, when the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 is energized from the first charging time to the second charging time in the second state, the difference electricity amount that is the energized electricity amount, The second positive electrode open circuit potential and the second negative electrode open circuit potential at the second charging time are acquired (S106).

Specifically, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 measures the positive open circuit potential and the negative open circuit potential of the secondary battery 203 by using the reference electrode 215, whereby the second positive open circuit potential P shown in FIG. It acquires _B and a second FukyokuHiraki circuit potential N _B. Here, as shown in FIG. 8, the second positive electrode open circuit potential P _B is a point on the positive electrode OCP characteristic f ′ (q) in the second state, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential N _B is This is a point on the negative electrode OCP characteristic g ′ (q) in the state.

Further, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 acquires the difference electric quantity Q _AB shown in FIG. 8 by measuring the electric quantity supplied from the first charging time to the second charging time. Then, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120 writes the acquired differential electric quantity Q _AB , the second positive electrode open circuit potential P _B, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential N _B into the storage unit 160, thereby obtaining the second state data. 162 is updated.

Incidentally, the open circuit potential acquisition unit 120, so that the difference between the first SeikyokuHiraki circuit potential P _A and the second SeikyokuHiraki circuit potential P _B is larger than a predetermined value, and the first SeikyokuHiraki circuit potential P _A It is preferable to acquire the second positive electrode open circuit potential P _B.

Here, the predetermined value is preferably as large as possible. For example, the DOD (Depth Of Discharge) in the rated capacity Q ₀ and the electric quantity Q of the secondary battery 203 is D = Q / Q ₀ . and the amount of change [Delta] D in D ≧ 0.1 and comprising sections in the case of the ratio between the difference Delta] E between _{P a} and _{P B} is preferably a value such that ΔE / ΔD> 0.1V. More preferably, the value is such that ΔE / ΔD> 0.05V.

Note that the rated capacity Q ₀ (Ah) of the secondary battery refers to the discharge capacity when discharged at a sufficiently small current value, and can be measured as follows.

(1) The secondary battery is previously discharged at 1/20 CA to a discharge cut voltage of 3.0V.
(2) The secondary battery is charged at a constant current up to a charge cut voltage of 4.2 V at 1/20 CA, and then the constant voltage charge at 4.2 V is continuously performed until the total charging time reaches 30 hours.
(3) The secondary battery is discharged at 1/20 CA to a discharge cut voltage of 3.0 V, and the obtained discharge capacity is defined as Q ₀ (Ah).

  However, the current value of 1CA is based on the nominal capacity of the secondary battery, and in the secondary battery with the nominal capacity of 1 Ah, 1CA = 1A.

  Further, the open circuit potential can be obtained by repeating the above-described steps (1) and (2) with the reference electrode provided in the secondary battery and then repeating the following step (3) ′ 25 times. it can.

  (3) The secondary battery is discharged at 1/20 CA for 1 hour or until the discharge cut voltage reaches 3.0 V, and then left in an open circuit state for 2 hours, and the obtained potential is set as an open circuit potential.

  It is also possible to take out the negative electrode from the secondary battery, separately assemble a three-terminal cell, and perform open circuit potential measurement with a single electrode.

  Next, returning to FIG. 7, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 includes the first positive OCP characteristic, the first negative OCP characteristic, the first positive open circuit potential, the first negative open circuit potential, the differential electric quantity, and the second positive open circuit. The positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate are calculated using the potential and the second negative electrode open circuit potential (S108).

Specifically, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 reads the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) from the first state data 161 stored in the storage unit 160, and the second From the state data 162, the first positive electrode open circuit potential P _A , the first negative electrode open circuit potential N _A , the differential electric quantity Q _AB , the second positive electrode open circuit potential P _B and the second negative electrode open circuit potential N _B are read out, The positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate are calculated. A detailed description of the process in which the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate will be described later.

  Then, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 uses the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic to shift the electric amount between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state. The amount is calculated (S110).

  Specifically, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 reads the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) from the first state data 161 stored in the storage unit 160, and the deviation is calculated. Calculate the amount. Note that a detailed description of the process by which the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the deviation amount will be described later.

  Then, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state using the deviation amount, the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic (S112).

  Specifically, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 reads the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) from the first state data 161 stored in the storage unit 160, and The OCV characteristic in the state is calculated. A detailed description of the process in which the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state will be described later.

  As described above, the process in which the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 estimates the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203 ends.

  Next, the process (S108 in FIG. 7) in which the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate will be described in detail.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing in which the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 according to the embodiment of the present invention calculates the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining processing in which the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 according to the embodiment of the present invention calculates the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate.

  First, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates a difference in electric quantity between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential obtained from the first positive electrode OCP characteristic as a positive electrode differential electric quantity. (S202). Further, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates the difference in the amount of electricity between the first negative electrode open circuit potential and the second negative electrode open circuit potential obtained from the first negative electrode OCP characteristic as a negative electrode differential electric amount (S202).

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, the deterioration rate calculator 130, electric in the first SeikyokuHiraki circuit potential P _A and second SeikyokuHiraki circuit potential P _B obtained from the first positive electrode OCP characteristics f (q) calculating a positive difference the quantity of electricity Q _P is a difference in the amount. That is, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) from the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) based on the quantity of electricity when the second positive electrode open circuit potential P _B is substituted for the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q). the value obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity when substituting circuit potential P _a, is calculated as a positive difference the quantity of electricity Q _P.

Similarly, the deterioration rate calculator 130, the negative electrode difference is the difference between the quantity of electricity in the first FukyokuHiraki circuit potential N _A and second FukyokuHiraki circuit potential N _B obtained from the first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) to calculate the quantity of electricity _{Q N.} That is, the deterioration rate calculator 130, the quantity of electricity when substituting the second FukyokuHiraki circuit potential N _B to the first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q), the first negative GokuHiraki First negative OCP characteristic g (q) the value obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity when substituting circuit potential N _a, is calculated as a negative electrode differential electric quantity Q _N.

  Then, returning to FIG. 9, the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates a value obtained by dividing the difference electricity amount by the positive electrode difference electricity amount as a positive electrode deterioration rate, and calculates a value obtained by dividing the difference electricity amount by the negative electrode difference electricity amount. (S204).

Specifically, the deterioration rate calculator 130, a positive electrode degradation rate D _P and the negative electrode degradation rate D _N, is calculated by Equation 1 and Equation 2 below.

Positive electrode deterioration rate D _P = difference electric quantity Q _AB / positive electrode differential electric quantity Q _P (Formula 1)
Negative electrode deterioration rate D _N = difference electric quantity Q _AB / negative electrode differential electric quantity Q _N (Formula 2)

  As described above, the process in which the deterioration rate calculation unit 130 calculates the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate (S108 in FIG. 7) ends.

  Next, a process (S110 in FIG. 7) in which the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the deviation amount of the electrical quantity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic will be described in detail.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing in which the deviation amount calculation unit 140 according to the embodiment of the present invention calculates the deviation amount of the electrical quantity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining processing in which the deviation amount calculation unit 140 according to the embodiment of the present invention calculates the deviation amount of the electric quantity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic.

  First, as shown in FIG. 11, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the amount of electricity at the first positive electrode open circuit potential or the second positive electrode open circuit potential obtained from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the first positive electrode OCP characteristic by the positive electrode deterioration rate. Calculated as the amount of electricity (S302). Further, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the electric quantity at the first negative electrode open circuit potential or the second negative electrode open circuit potential obtained from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the first negative electrode OCP characteristic by the negative electrode deterioration rate as the negative electrode electric quantity (S302). ).

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, the shift amount calculating unit 140, a first positive electrode OCP characteristics f characteristics multiplied by the positive electrode degradation rate _{D P} in _{(q) D P f (q} ) (= f '(q the electric quantity is calculated as a positive electrode electricity quantity q _PA in the first SeikyokuHiraki circuit potential P _a obtained from)). Further, the shift amount calculating unit 140, a first negative electrode OCP characteristic g (q) in the anode degradation rate _{D N} obtained by multiplying the characteristic _{D N g (q) (=} g '(q)) first FukyokuHiraki circuit obtained from calculating the quantity of electricity at the potential _{N a} as a negative electrode electricity quantity _{q NA.}

Returning to FIG. 11, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the difference between the positive electrode amount and the negative electrode amount as the deviation amount (S304). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, the shift amount calculating unit 140 calculates the amount of deviation of the difference C between the positive electricity quantity q _PA and the negative electricity quantity q _NA.

In step S302, as shown in FIG. 12, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the electric quantity at the second positive electrode open circuit potential P _B obtained from the characteristic D _P f (q) as the positive electric quantity q _PB. , it may be possible to calculate the quantity of electricity in the second FukyokuHiraki circuit potential N _B obtained from the characteristics D _{N g} (q) as the negative electrode electricity quantity q _NB. In this case, in step S304, the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the difference C between the positive electrode electric quantity _qPB and the negative electrode electric quantity _qNB as the deviation amount.

  As described above, the process (S110 in FIG. 7) in which the deviation amount calculation unit 140 calculates the deviation amount of the electric quantity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic ends.

  Next, the process (S112 in FIG. 7) in which the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state will be described in detail.

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a process in which the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 according to the embodiment of the present invention calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining processing in which the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 according to the embodiment of the present invention calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state.

  First, as shown in FIG. 13, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates a value obtained by adding the deviation amount to the first electric quantity as the second electric quantity, and calculates the first electric quantity in the first positive electrode OCP characteristic as the second electric quantity. By multiplying the positive electrode OCP characteristic when the amount is changed by the positive electrode deterioration rate, the second positive electrode OCP characteristic that is the positive electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated (S402). Further, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the second negative electrode OCP characteristic which is the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state by multiplying the first negative electrode OCP characteristic by the negative electrode deterioration rate (S402).

Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 14, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the second electric quantity (q + C) by adding the deviation quantity C to the first electric quantity q. Then, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 changes the positive electrode deterioration rate D _P to the positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q + C) when the first electric quantity q in the first positive electrode OCP characteristic f (q) is changed to the second electric quantity (q + C). by multiplying, calculating a second positive electrode OCP characteristics _{D P f (q + C)} (= E P). Furthermore, OCV characteristic calculation unit 150, by multiplying the first negative OCP characteristic g (q) in the anode degradation rate _{D N,} to calculate a second negative electrode OCP characteristic _{D N g (q) (=} E N).

  Returning to FIG. 13, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state by subtracting the second negative electrode OCP characteristic from the calculated second positive electrode OCP characteristic (S404). Specifically, the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 calculates the OCV characteristic E in the second state by the following Expression 3.

E = E _P −E _N = D _P f (q + C) −D _N g (q) (Formula 3)

  In addition, by the above, C is represented by the following formula 4.

^{_{C = D P -1 f -1 (}} E P) -D N -1 g -1 (E N) ( Equation 4)

  As described above, the process of calculating the OCV characteristic in the second state by the OCV characteristic calculation unit 150 (S112 in FIG. 7) ends.

  As described above, according to the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, the first negative electrode OCP characteristic, the first positive electrode open circuit potential, the first negative electrode open circuit potential, the differential electricity The positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate are calculated using the amount, the second positive electrode open circuit potential and the second negative electrode open circuit potential, and the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic are calculated. And calculating a deviation amount of the electric quantity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state, and using the deviation amount, the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic. Then, the OCV characteristic in the second state is calculated. That is, the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 calculates the OCV characteristic in the second state by calculating the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, and the shift amount. Here, as a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present application have found that the OCV characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be accurately estimated using the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, and the shift amount. It was. In addition, since the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 calculates the OCV characteristic using the positive electrode deterioration rate, the negative electrode deterioration rate, and the deviation amount, it is not necessary to actually perform charge and discharge and measure the OCV characteristic quickly. Characteristics can be estimated. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can estimate the OCV characteristic of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery quickly and accurately.

  The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 calculates the positive differential electric quantity and the negative differential electric quantity, the value obtained by dividing the differential electric quantity by the positive differential electric quantity is set as the positive electrode deterioration rate, and the differential electric quantity is divided by the negative differential electric quantity. The calculated value is calculated as the negative electrode deterioration rate. Thereby, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can easily calculate the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can estimate the OCV characteristic of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery easily and quickly with high accuracy.

  Moreover, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 calculates the positive electrode electric amount and the negative electrode electric amount, and calculates the difference between the positive electrode electric amount and the negative electrode electric amount as the deviation amount. Thereby, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can easily calculate the deviation amount. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can estimate the OCV characteristic of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery easily and quickly with high accuracy.

  The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 multiplies the first negative electrode OCP characteristic by the negative electrode deterioration rate from the characteristic obtained by multiplying the positive electrode OCP characteristic by the positive electrode deterioration rate when the deviation amount is added to the amount of electricity in the first positive electrode OCP characteristic. The OCV characteristic in the second state is calculated by subtracting the obtained characteristic. Thereby, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can easily calculate the OCV characteristic in the second state. For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can estimate the OCV characteristic of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery easily and quickly with high accuracy.

  Further, the difference between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential is larger than a predetermined value. Here, the greater the difference between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential, the greater the slope of the positive electrode OCP characteristic. Therefore, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can calculate the OCV characteristic with high accuracy. . For this reason, the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 can estimate the OCV characteristic of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with higher accuracy.

  Moreover, according to the assembled battery 10 which concerns on embodiment of this invention, the some secondary battery 200 containing the secondary battery 203 which has the reference pole 215, and the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 of the secondary battery 203 are provided. Therefore, the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 estimates the estimated OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203 as the OCV characteristic of the plurality of secondary batteries 200 as a whole. As a result, the assembled battery 10 can quickly and accurately estimate the OCV characteristics of the secondary battery 203, and thus can quickly and accurately estimate the OCV characteristics of all the secondary batteries 200.

  In addition, the assembled battery 10 estimates the OCV characteristics of the secondary battery 203 whose battery surface temperature is higher than the average value of other secondary batteries. Here, the secondary battery tends to deteriorate as the battery surface temperature increases. For this reason, the assembled battery 10 can accurately grasp the lifetime of the assembled battery by estimating the OCV characteristics of the battery that is easily deteriorated.

  Although the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 and the assembled battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

  That is, the embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  For example, the present invention can also be realized as a power storage system including the secondary battery 203 and the OCV characteristic estimation device 100 that estimates the OCV characteristic of the secondary battery 203.

  In addition, the present invention can be realized not only as such an OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 but also as an OCV characteristic estimation method using the processing of a characteristic processing unit included in the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 as a step. Can do.

  The present invention can also be realized as a program that causes a computer to execute characteristic processing included in the OCV characteristic estimation method. Needless to say, such a program can be distributed via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM and a transmission medium such as the Internet.

  Each processing unit included in the OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 according to the present invention may be realized as an LSI (Large Scale Integration) that is an integrated circuit. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, the present invention is realized as an integrated circuit 170 including an OCP characteristic acquisition unit 110, an open circuit potential acquisition unit 120, a deterioration rate calculation unit 130, a deviation amount calculation unit 140, and an OCV characteristic calculation unit 150. can do. FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration for realizing OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention with an integrated circuit.

  Each processing unit included in the integrated circuit 170 may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of them.

  The name used here is LSI, but it may also be called IC, system LSI, super LSI, or ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration.

  Further, the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI's, and implementation using dedicated circuitry or general purpose processors is also possible. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after manufacturing the LSI, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connection and setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.

  Furthermore, if integrated circuit technology comes out to replace LSI's as a result of the advancement of semiconductor technology or a derivative other technology, it is naturally also possible to carry out function block integration using this technology. There is a possibility of adaptation of biotechnology.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to an OCV characteristic estimation device that can quickly and accurately estimate OCV characteristics in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Assembly battery 100 OCV characteristic estimation apparatus 110 OCP characteristic acquisition part 120 Open circuit electric potential acquisition part 130 Degradation rate calculation part 140 Deviation amount calculation part 150 OCV characteristic calculation part 160 Storage part 161 First state data 162 Second state data 170 Integrated circuit 200, 201-210 Secondary battery 210 Battery container 211 Cover plate 212 Power generation element 213 Positive electrode current collecting member 214 Negative electrode current collecting member 215 Reference electrode 220 Positive electrode terminal 230 Negative electrode terminal 300 Storage case

Claims (10)

OCV characteristics showing the relationship between the amount of electricity and the open circuit voltage of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of measuring the positive circuit open circuit potential and the negative circuit open circuit potential, which are the open circuit potential of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, using the reference electrode An OCV characteristic estimation device for estimating
A first positive electrode OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between a first electric quantity that is an electric quantity of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in a predetermined first state and a positive electrode open circuit potential; and the first electric electricity in the first state. An OCP characteristic acquisition unit for acquiring a first negative electrode OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between the amount and the negative electrode open circuit potential;
A first positive open circuit potential and a first negative open circuit potential, which are a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential at a predetermined first charge time in a predetermined second state, and A difference electric quantity that is an energized electric quantity when energized to two charging points, and a second positive open circuit potential and a second negative open circuit potential that are positive open circuit potential and negative open circuit potential at the second charging point. An open circuit potential acquisition unit to acquire;
The first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic acquired by the OCP characteristic acquisition unit, the first positive electrode open circuit potential acquired by the open circuit potential acquisition unit, the first negative electrode open circuit potential, and the difference A deterioration rate calculating unit that calculates a positive electrode deterioration rate and a negative electrode deterioration rate indicating the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using the electric quantity, the second positive electrode open circuit potential, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential,
Using the calculated positive electrode deterioration rate and negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic, the amount of electricity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated. A deviation amount calculation unit for calculating a deviation amount;
An OCV characteristic for calculating an OCV characteristic in the second state using the calculated deviation amount, the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic. An OCV characteristic estimation device comprising: a calculation unit. The deterioration rate calculator is
Calculating the difference in the amount of electricity between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential obtained from the first positive electrode OCP characteristics as a positive differential electric quantity;
Calculating the difference in electric quantity between the first negative electrode open circuit potential and the second negative electrode open circuit potential obtained from the first negative electrode OCP characteristic as a negative electrode differential electric quantity;
A value obtained by dividing the difference electric quantity by the positive electrode difference electric quantity is calculated as the positive electrode deterioration rate,
The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a value obtained by dividing the differential electric quantity by the negative electrode differential electric quantity is calculated as the negative electrode deterioration rate. The deviation amount calculation unit
The amount of electricity at the first positive electrode open circuit potential or the second positive electrode open circuit potential obtained from the property obtained by multiplying the first positive electrode OCP property by the positive electrode deterioration rate is calculated as the positive electrode electric amount, and the first negative electrode OCP The amount of electricity in the first negative electrode open circuit potential or the second negative electrode open circuit potential obtained from the property obtained by multiplying the property by the negative electrode deterioration rate is calculated as the negative electrode electric amount,
The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the positive electrode electric amount and the negative electrode electric amount is calculated as the shift amount. The OCV characteristic calculator is
A value obtained by adding the deviation amount to the first electric quantity is calculated as a second electric quantity,
By multiplying the positive electrode OCP characteristic when the first electric quantity in the first positive electrode OCP characteristic is changed to the second electric quantity by the positive electrode deterioration rate, the second positive electrode OCP characteristic that is the positive electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is obtained. Calculate the characteristics,
By multiplying the first negative electrode OCP characteristic by the negative electrode deterioration rate, a second negative electrode OCP characteristic that is a negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated,
The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the OCV characteristic in the second state is calculated by subtracting the second negative electrode OCP characteristic from the calculated second positive electrode OCP characteristic. The OCV characteristic estimation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a difference between the first positive electrode open circuit potential and the second positive electrode open circuit potential is larger than a predetermined value. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery;
An OCV characteristic estimation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which estimates an OCV characteristic indicating a relationship between an amount of electricity of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and an open circuit voltage. A plurality of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries including one non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a reference electrode;
The OCV characteristic estimation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which estimates an OCV characteristic indicating a relationship between an amount of electricity and an open circuit voltage of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
The OCV characteristic estimation device estimates the estimated OCV characteristic of the first non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as the OCV characteristic of the plurality of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries as a whole. The battery surface temperature of the one nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is higher than an average value of battery surface temperatures of other nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries among the plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. The assembled battery as described. The relationship between the amount of electricity and the open circuit voltage of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a computer can measure the positive circuit open circuit potential and the negative circuit open circuit potential, which are open circuit potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, using the reference electrode. An OCV characteristic estimation method for estimating an OCV characteristic to be shown,
A first positive electrode OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between a first electric quantity that is an electric quantity of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in a predetermined first state and a positive electrode open circuit potential; and the first electric electricity in the first state. An OCP characteristic acquisition step of acquiring a first negative electrode OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between the amount and the negative electrode open circuit potential;
A first positive open circuit potential and a first negative open circuit potential, which are a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential at a predetermined first charge time in a predetermined second state, and A difference electric quantity that is an energized electric quantity when energized to two charging points, and a second positive open circuit potential and a second negative open circuit potential that are positive open circuit potential and negative open circuit potential at the second charging point. An open circuit potential acquisition step to acquire;
The first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic acquired in the OCP characteristic acquisition step, the first positive electrode open circuit potential acquired in the open circuit potential acquisition step, the first negative electrode open circuit potential, A deterioration rate calculating step for calculating a positive electrode deterioration rate and a negative electrode deterioration rate indicating the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using the differential electric quantity, the second positive electrode open circuit potential, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential;
Using the calculated positive electrode deterioration rate and negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic, the amount of electricity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated. A deviation amount calculating step for calculating a deviation amount;
An OCV characteristic for calculating an OCV characteristic in the second state using the calculated deviation amount, the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic. An OCV characteristic estimation method including a calculation step. OCV characteristics showing the relationship between the amount of electricity and the open circuit voltage of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of measuring the positive circuit open circuit potential and the negative circuit open circuit potential, which are the open circuit potential of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, using the reference electrode An integrated circuit for estimating
A first positive electrode OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between a first electric quantity that is an electric quantity of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in a predetermined first state and a positive electrode open circuit potential; and the first electric electricity in the first state. An OCP characteristic acquisition unit for acquiring a first negative electrode OCP characteristic indicating a relationship between the amount and the negative electrode open circuit potential;
A first positive open circuit potential and a first negative open circuit potential, which are a positive open circuit potential and a negative open circuit potential at a predetermined first charge time in a predetermined second state, and A difference electric quantity that is an energized electric quantity when energized to two charging points, and a second positive open circuit potential and a second negative open circuit potential that are positive open circuit potential and negative open circuit potential at the second charging point. An open circuit potential acquisition unit to acquire;
The first positive electrode OCP characteristic and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic acquired by the OCP characteristic acquisition unit, the first positive electrode open circuit potential acquired by the open circuit potential acquisition unit, the first negative electrode open circuit potential, and the difference A deterioration rate calculating unit that calculates a positive electrode deterioration rate and a negative electrode deterioration rate indicating the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using the electric quantity, the second positive electrode open circuit potential, and the second negative electrode open circuit potential,
Using the calculated positive electrode deterioration rate and negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic, the amount of electricity between the positive electrode OCP characteristic and the negative electrode OCP characteristic in the second state is calculated. A deviation amount calculation unit for calculating a deviation amount;
An OCV characteristic for calculating an OCV characteristic in the second state using the calculated deviation amount, the positive electrode deterioration rate and the negative electrode deterioration rate, the first positive electrode OCP characteristic, and the first negative electrode OCP characteristic. An integrated circuit comprising a calculation unit.

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