JP2012224829A - Pyrolysis system, and method for producing pyrolytic oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pyrolysis system which can be set up in a small space, and can efficiently dispose of waste and separate an organic component and water with small amount of energy.SOLUTION: This pyrolysis system for producing oil through pyrolyzing carbonaceous raw materials M is composed of: a fast drying apparatus A1 for drying the material M as the pyrolytic component to a predetermined moisture content; a pyrolytic furnace B1 for pyrolyzing the fast-dried pyrolytic component; a separating column B2 for heat-treating again the crude hydrocarbon gas generated by pyrolysis in the presence of super-heated steam, and separating the gas into a gaseous component and a liquid component; a super-heated steam generating apparatus B3 for sending the super-heated steam to the separating column B2; and a purifying apparatus C for purifying the separated liquid component, wherein the separating column B2 has a piping for sending the separated gas to the fast drying apparatus A1, and the fast drying apparatus A1 is connected with a gas cleaning apparatus E for cleaning the gas after drying the pyrolytic component and then for discharging the gas out of the system via a piping.

Description

The present invention relates to a hydrothermal decomposition system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a thermal decomposition system capable of efficiently performing thermal decomposition using exhaust heat from a thermal decomposition apparatus.
The present invention particularly relates to a pyrolysis system and a method for producing pyrolysis oil, which can produce a target oil efficiently and with high purity without using FT synthesis.

  Used waste plastic contained in industrial waste or general waste has a large volume and does not decompose naturally, which is a problem in securing a place in a waste disposal site. In the landfill, most of them are usually disposed of by landfill or incineration. However, some of them are pulverized from the viewpoint of thermal recycling, the pulverized product is pyrolyzed, the cracked gas is catalytically reformed, and reused by producing oils (kerosene, gasoline, etc.) useful as fuel. ing.

Waste plastic oil processing technology has made considerable progress in recent decades, and various types of oil converting equipment have been developed. For example, various oil refiners according to the processing amount have been developed from large oil refiners capable of processing up to several tens of thousands of tons per year to small oil refiners capable of treating several hundred tons per year (Patent Document 1 and Patent Documents). 2)
In addition, for the purpose of recovering high-grade fuel oil, an oil making apparatus having a catalytic cracking operation using a catalyst and a complicated distillation operation has been developed (Patent Document 3). However, in such an oiling device, if foreign substances such as paper, cloth, metal, thermosetting resin, and chlorinated resin are mixed in waste plastics, trouble is likely to occur and the plant does not operate properly. In addition, zeolites, metal catalysts and the like that are generally used as a catalyst have a short life, and thus there is a problem that the oil converting apparatus cannot be operated stably.

  Therefore, in patent document 4, the raw material containing an oilification object is processed as an oilification apparatus which processes an oilification object on a practical scale, and can collect high-purity fuel oil from this oily object safely and stably. An oil making apparatus for recovering fuel oil by heating in a sealed pyrolysis kettle and cooling a gas mainly composed of fuel oil decomposed and generated in the pyrolysis kettle, An oiling apparatus comprising: a raw material kneading means for kneading the raw material supplied to the cracking kettle; and a residue discharging means for discharging the residue deposited on the bottom from the thermal cracking kettle. It is disclosed.

  JP-A-9-13045   JP-A-10-86153   Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-61146   JP 2004-035851 A

  However, the thermal decomposition systems described in these patent documents cannot efficiently produce the target oil component from mixed waste such as garbage and waste plastic.

  Furthermore, the thermal decomposition system described in these patent documents cannot efficiently dry the waste that is the treated product.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a thermal decomposition system capable of efficiently drying mixed waste such as garbage and waste plastic and producing the desired oil component with high efficiency.

  Another subject of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the oil which manufactures the target oil with high yield with sufficient yield from the waste containing a garbage by thermal decomposition.

The present invention for solving the above problems relates to the following items.
(1) A pyrolysis system for producing oil by pyrolysis of a carbonaceous raw material,
A rapid drying apparatus for drying the carbon raw material as a thermal decomposition component to a predetermined moisture content;
A pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing the rapidly dried pyrolysis component;
A separation tower that heat-treats the crude hydrocarbon gas generated by pyrolysis again in the presence of superheated steam and separates it into a gas component and a liquid component;
A superheated steam generator for sending superheated steam to the separation tower;
A purification device for purifying the separated liquid component,
The separation tower has a pipe for sending the separated gas to the rapid drying apparatus via the pyrolysis furnace or not,
The rapid drying apparatus is connected to a gas purification apparatus for purifying the gas after drying the pyrolysis component and releasing it to the outside of the system through a pipe.

(2) The refining device includes a recombination adjusting device that pressurizes the liquid from the separation tower when hot to increase the flow rate;
A decoupling separator for removing tar from the oil component from the decoupling adjustment apparatus;
A reheating device that heat-treats again the oil component from which tar has been removed,
A decoupling adjustment tank for circulating gas between the reheating device for increasing the purity of the oil from the decoupling separation device;
A control tank for final adjustment of the purity of the oil;
A separator for removing moisture from the oil / water mixture from the reheater;
An oil tank for storing the refined oil;
2. The pyrolysis system according to 1, comprising

(3) The thermal decomposition system further includes a pulverizer for pulverizing the carbonaceous raw material to a predetermined size before the quick dryer, a dehydrator for dehydrating the water content of the pulverized carbonaceous raw material to a predetermined level, 3. The thermal decomposition system according to 1 or 2, further comprising at least one of a sorting device that sorts the dehydrated carbonaceous raw material into a thermal decomposition component and a non-thermal decomposition component.

(4) The carbonaceous raw material is selected from the group consisting of general waste, garbage, wood, algae, sludge, food-derived residue, waste plastic, and a mixture thereof. The thermal decomposition system of any one of these.

(5) An oil production method for producing oil by pyrolyzing a carbonaceous raw material,
A rapid drying step of drying the carbonaceous raw material as a pyrolysis component to a predetermined moisture content;
A pyrolysis process for pyrolyzing the rapidly dried pyrolysis component;
A separation step in which the crude hydrocarbon gas generated by pyrolysis is heat-treated again in the presence of superheated steam, and separated into a gas component and a liquid component;
A purification step for purifying the separated liquid component,
A method for producing oil, wherein after the gas separated in the separation step is used in the rapid drying step, the gas after drying the pyrolysis component is purified by a gas purification device.

(6) In the purification step, the liquid component separated in the separation step is hot-pressed to increase the flow rate, and then the tar content is removed, and the oil component from which the tar content has been removed is heated again and circulated while circulating the impurities. The method for producing oil according to claim 1, comprising removing the oil.

(7) Prior to the rapid drying step, a pulverization step of pulverizing the carbonaceous raw material to a predetermined size, a dehydration step of dehydrating the water content of the pulverized carbonaceous raw material to a predetermined level, and a dehydrated carbonaceous raw material The method for producing oil according to 5 or 6, wherein a screening step of selecting a pyrolytic component and a non-pyrolytic component is performed.

(8) The carbonaceous raw material is selected from the group consisting of general waste, garbage, wood, algae, sludge, food-derived residue, waste plastic, and a mixture thereof. The method for producing an oil according to any one of the above.

(9) A rapid drying device for rapidly drying the pulverized carbonaceous raw material for thermal decomposition, and an inlet for introducing the pulverized carbonaceous raw material, and discharging the dried waste to the thermal decomposition device side Rapid drying for thermal decomposition, characterized by comprising a container having a discharge port for discharging, a heat source introduction port for introducing exhaust gas from the thermal decomposition apparatus as a heat source, and a discharge port for discharging the heat source after use Machine.

  The pyrolysis system of the present invention is a pyrolysis system for producing oil by pyrolyzing a carbonaceous raw material, and a rapid drying apparatus for drying the carbon raw material to a predetermined moisture content using waste as a pyrolysis component; A pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing the rapidly dried pyrolysis component, a separation tower for heat-treating the crude hydrocarbon gas generated by the pyrolysis again in the presence of superheated steam, and separating it into a gas component and a liquid component; It is composed of a superheated steam generator for sending superheated steam to the separation tower and a purification device for purifying the separated liquid component, and the separation tower has a pipe for sending the separated gas to the rapid drying device, The rapid drying apparatus is connected to a gas purification apparatus for purifying the gas after drying the pyrolyzed component and releasing it to the outside of the system through a pipe.

  Therefore, the carbonaceous raw material is dried by the heat generated by pyrolysis, so that the energy consumption can be reduced and the target oil can be produced with high purity without using a large amount of energy such as FT synthesis. .

  Similarly, the oil production method of the present invention is an oil production method for producing oil by pyrolyzing a carbonaceous raw material, and rapidly drying the carbonaceous raw material as a pyrolysis component to a predetermined moisture content. Separation in which a drying process, a pyrolysis process in which pyrolyzed components rapidly dried are pyrolyzed, and a crude hydrocarbon gas generated by the pyrolysis is heat-treated again in the presence of superheated steam to separate into a gas component and a liquid component And a purification step for purifying the separated liquid component, and after using the gas separated in the separation step for the rapid drying step, purify the gas after drying the pyrolysis component by a gas purification device Because the carbonaceous raw material is dried by the heat generated by pyrolysis, energy consumption can be reduced and high without using a large amount of energy such as FT synthesis. It is possible to produce an oil of interest in degrees.

  (A), (b) is drawing which shows the structure of the thermal decomposition system of this invention.   (A)-(d) is drawing which shows the pre-processing in the thermal decomposition system of this invention.   The drawing which shows the structure of the quick dryer in the thermal decomposition system of this invention.   The drawing which shows the structure of the principal part in the thermal decomposition system of this invention.   The figure which shows the principal part of other embodiment in the thermal decomposition system of this invention.   The drawing which shows refinement | purification of the oil in the thermal decomposition system of this invention.   The flowchart which shows the oil manufacturing method in this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the pyrolysis system of the present invention is generated by pyrolysis with a rapid dryer A1 for rapidly drying the carbonaceous raw material M, a pyrolysis furnace B1 for pyrolyzing the rapidly dried carbonaceous raw material. And a superheated steam generator B3 that sends superheated steam as a carrier gas to the pyrolysis furnace B1 and superheated steam as a separation gas to the separation tower B2 It is mainly comprised from the refiner | purifier C which refine | purifies the oil component isolate | separated by water vapor | steam and the separation tower B2.

The thermal decomposition apparatus of the present invention further has a configuration in which the hot gas from the separation tower B2 is sent to the quick dryer A1 as a heating medium, dried to dry the carbonaceous raw material, and then purified by the gas purification apparatus E and released to the atmosphere. Have.
Moreover, as shown in FIG.1 (b), it is good also as a structure which sends the heat which generate | occur | produced in pyrolysis furnace B1 to quick dryer A1 as a direct heat source.

  In addition, in this invention, the member which attached | subjected the code | symbol A means the member regarding pre-processing, the member which attached | subjected the code | symbol B means the member for oil-izing a raw material, and the member which attached | subjected the code | symbol C is Means a member for refining crude oil.

  Although various carbonaceous raw materials can be applied to the thermal decomposition system of the present invention having such a configuration, appropriate pretreatment is performed in the present invention according to the origin of the carbonaceous raw materials. For example, the pretreatment device shown in FIG. 2 (a) includes a coarse pulverizer A2, a dehydrator A3, a pulverizer A4, and a sorter A5 in front of the quick dryer A1, for example, garbage, incombustibles (ceramic, Glass, metal, etc.), paper, wood, plastics, etc. are suitable for treating mixed waste.

  That is, for example, the mixed waste is coarsely pulverized to a predetermined size by the coarse pulverizer A2, and then dehydrated to a predetermined water content by the dehydrator A3, and the desired size (for example, 15 mm or less) is obtained by the pulverizer A4. (Preferably 10 mm or less), the material not applied to the thermal decomposition such as incombustibles is removed by the sorter A5, and dried to the desired moisture content by the rapid dryer A1 of the present invention.

  These pretreatment devices A2 to A5 can be appropriately selected from those known in the art. And the raw material processed with the quick dryer A1 of this invention in addition to these pre-processing apparatus A2 to A5 turns into a carbonaceous raw material containing predetermined | prescribed size and predetermined | prescribed moisture content.

  The pretreatment device shown in FIG. 2B is, for example, sorted municipal waste (excluding non-combustible materials from the mixed waste described in FIG. 2A), and omits the sorter A5. .

  The pretreatment device shown in FIG. 2 (c) is obtained by further omitting the coarse pulverization device from the pretreatment device shown in FIG. 2 (b), and is applied to pretreatment of, for example, food processing residues, and The pretreatment device shown in FIG. 2 (d) is a raw material composed of carbonaceous raw materials such as sludge, algae-containing water, okara, shochu, and moisture, and is directly dried immediately after solid-liquid separation. Therefore, the carbonaceous raw material of the present invention is an apparatus.

  Thus, it is possible to manufacture oil from various origins by the pyrolysis system of the present invention by performing an appropriate pretreatment according to the origin of the carbonaceous raw material. Therefore, the present invention can be rephrased as a production system for producing oil from these raw materials.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the quick dryer A1 of the present invention has a raw material inlet 2 for introducing the pretreated (A2 to A5) raw material and a raw material outlet 3 for discharging the raw material dried to a predetermined moisture content. And a dryer main body 1 having a heat medium introduction port 4 for introducing heat from the thermal decomposition side, which is a heat medium, and a discharge port 5 for discharging gas after drying the raw material.

  The dryer body 1 is appropriately selected depending on the raw material to be charged, the temperature of the heating medium, etc., but is generally made of steel. The raw material inlet 2 preferably has a double structure so as not to reduce the temperature in the dryer main body 1 as much as possible.

  It is preferable that the raw material discharge port 3 has a double structure so as not to reduce the temperature in the dryer main body 1 as much as possible, and the carbon whose water content is adjusted to a predetermined water content. The raw material is conveyed to a raw material charging port of the pyrolysis furnace B1 by a raw material conveyance mechanism (for example, a conveyor) (not shown).

  The heat medium inlet 4 is an inlet for introducing high-temperature gas from the pyrolysis side (separation tower B2 in the following embodiment), and the gas outlet 5 is used to supply the gas after rapid drying of the raw material to the dryer main body 1. It is a discharge port for discharging from. The gas discharge port 5 is connected to the gas purification device E shown in FIG. 1 by airtight piping, and is discharged from the system to the atmosphere in a state where the emission standard is cleared by the gas purification device E.

  Such a gas purification device E is a device well known in the art, and is generally a scrubber, preferably an ion exchange scrubber.

  Next, a mechanism for converting the pretreated carbonaceous raw material into oil will be described based on FIG. 4 (pyrolysis thorn). This pyrolysis zone is a zone in which a carbonaceous raw material is pyrolyzed by a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace B1, and a gas generated by the pyrolysis is converted into crude kerosene grade oil by a separation tower B2.

  The pyrolysis furnace B1 is appropriately selected from pyrolysis furnaces well known in the art, but in the present invention, a pyrolysis furnace that performs pyrolysis at a temperature of 700 ° C. or higher, preferably about 900 ° C., particularly a continuous pyrolysis furnace, is used. preferable.

  Both the pyrolysis furnace B1 and the separation tower B2 use high-temperature (for example, about 600 ° C.) superheated steam generated from the superheated steam generator B3 as a carrier gas.

  The carbonaceous raw material to which high-temperature heat is applied in the pyrolysis furnace B1 is pyrolyzed to become crude oil, which is accompanied by superheated steam and conveyed to the separation tower B2.

  In the separation tower B2, purified kerosene grade oil is obtained from the crude gas by a three-step separation process of liquid / gas / water separation and purified by the subsequent purification apparatus C, and the separated gas is returned to the quick dryer A1 and heated. Is effectively used and the yield is improved, and then released to the atmosphere via the gas purification device E. The pyrolysis furnace B1 includes an air cylinder (not shown), and discharges residues generated by pyrolysis through the air cylinder.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the gas from the separation tower B2 can be returned to the pyrolysis furnace B1 and used as heat for the quick dryer A1. Moreover, the gas from such a pyrolysis furnace is applicable also to pyrolysis systems other than the pyrolysis system of this invention. For example, it is within the scope of the present invention to return the gas from the pyrolysis furnace for carbonization to the quick dryer.

  Next, a mechanism for purifying gas from the separation tower will be described with reference to FIG. The refining treatment zone is a zone for refining the liquid separated in the separation tower B2 to obtain a refined oil as a final product. In this purification, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the oil can be purified in multiple stages, and the target oil having a very high degree of purification can be recovered.

  The refining zone shown in FIG. 6 includes a combination adjustment device C1, a combination separation device C2, a reheating treatment device C3, a combination adjustment tank C4, a control tank C5, separators C6 and C7, and an oil tank D.

  The combination adjustment device C1 (Condensation / Controller) has a function of removing impurities by rapidly filtering the liquid from the separation tower B2 by increasing the flow rate by pressurization and heating (first-stage purification).

  The decomposing / separating apparatus C2 (Condensate Separator) has an apparatus (second stage refining) function for removing tar components from the oiled component from the decomposing adjustment apparatus C1 under heating. The decomposing / separating device C2 has a function of sending the oil component liquid from which tar has been removed to the control tank C5 or the combining adjusting tank C4 by switching the valve (not shown) and sending the gas component to the rethermal decomposition device C3. .

  The reheat treatment device C3 is a device (third stage refining) for increasing the oil production efficiency by heat-treating again with the superheated steam generator B3 using the oily component from which tar has been removed as a heat source, and the reheat treatment device C3 And the recovery adjustment tank C4 have a function of increasing the purity of oil by circulating gas.

  The decoupling adjustment tank (Condensate Control tank) C4 is a device (fourth stage refining) for increasing the degree of oil purification by circulating oil from the decoupling separation device C2 to and from the decoupling adjustment tank.

  Control tank (control tank C5 is a final adjustment tank for increasing the purity, and the final adjusted oil is sent to the oil tank D and stored.

  Separator C6, C7 is an apparatus which removes a water | moisture content from the oil / water mixture from the rethermal decomposition apparatus C3. The oil whose moisture has been removed by the separator C6 is further removed by the separator C7 and transported to the oil tank D.

  The oil tank D is a tank for storing the final adjusted oil. Thus, the thermal decomposition system of the present invention can continuously produce high-purity target oil by refining the oil from the separation tower B2 in multiple stages. In addition, since hydrocarbon oil is not synthesized under high temperature and high pressure as in FT synthesis, the constituting apparatus is also inexpensive and consumes little energy.

  Next, based on FIG. 7, the manufacturing method of oil is demonstrated by thermal decomposition of the carbonaceous raw material of this invention.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in the method for producing oil of the present invention, the pretreated carbonaceous raw material is adjusted to moisture by rapid drying to obtain a carbonaceous raw material serving as a predetermined raw material standard. The carbonaceous raw material in this case can be selected from various raw materials as described in FIG.

  The carbonaceous raw material thus pretreated is pyrolyzed under a predetermined condition (for example, about 900 ° C., superheated steam carrier) to obtain a crude oil. Then, the crude oil is heated with superheated steam and separated into a gas portion made of water vapor (impurities) and a liquid portion made of crude oil. The hot gas portion at this time is used for rapid drying. And the liquid part is made into refined oil by removal of the tar part by reheating (impurity removal) and purification by steam distillation.

  By comprising in this way, it becomes possible to manufacture continuously the refined target oil from various carbonaceous raw materials with a high yield.

A1 Quick dryer B1 Pyrolysis furnace B2 Separation tower B3 Superheated steam generator C Refiner D Oil tank E Gas purifier 1 Dryer body 2 Raw material inlet 3 Raw material outlet 4 Heating medium inlet 5 Gas outlet

Claims (10)

A pyrolysis system for producing oil by pyrolysis of a carbonaceous raw material,
A rapid drying apparatus for drying the carbon raw material as a thermal decomposition component to a predetermined moisture content;
A pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing the rapidly dried pyrolysis component;
A separation tower that heat-treats the crude hydrocarbon gas generated by pyrolysis again in the presence of superheated steam and separates it into a gas component and a liquid component;
A superheated steam generator for sending superheated steam to the separation tower;
A purification device for purifying the separated liquid component,
The separation tower has a pipe for sending the separated gas to the rapid drying apparatus via the pyrolysis furnace or not,
The rapid drying apparatus is connected to a gas purification apparatus for purifying the gas after drying the pyrolysis component and releasing it to the outside of the system through a pipe. The refining device is a recombination adjusting device for increasing the flow rate by pressurizing the liquid from the separation tower while hot,
A decoupling separator for removing tar from the oil component from the decoupling adjustment apparatus;
A reheating device that heat-treats again the oil component from which tar has been removed,
A decoupling adjustment tank for circulating gas between the reheating device for increasing the purity of the oil from the decoupling separation device;
A control tank for final adjustment of the purity of the oil;
A separator for removing moisture from the oil / water mixture from the reheater;
An oil tank for storing the refined oil;
The thermal decomposition system of Claim 1 comprised from these. The pyrolysis system further includes a pulverizer for pulverizing the carbonaceous raw material into a predetermined size before the quick dryer;
A dehydrator for dehydrating the water content of the pulverized carbonaceous raw material to a predetermined level;
The thermal decomposition system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one of a sorting device that sorts the dehydrated carbonaceous raw material into a thermal decomposition component and a non-thermal decomposition component.   The carbonaceous raw material is selected from the group consisting of general waste, garbage, wood, algae, sludge, food-derived residue, waste plastic, and a mixture thereof. 4. The thermal decomposition system according to any one of 3 above. A method for producing oil in which an oil is produced by pyrolyzing a carbonaceous raw material, wherein a quick drying step of drying the carbonaceous raw material as a pyrolysis component to a predetermined moisture content;
A pyrolysis process for pyrolyzing the rapidly dried pyrolysis component;
A separation step in which the crude hydrocarbon gas generated by pyrolysis is heat-treated again in the presence of superheated steam, and separated into a gas component and a liquid component;
A purification step for purifying the separated liquid component,
A method for producing oil, wherein after the gas separated in the separation step is used in the rapid drying step, the gas after drying the pyrolysis component is purified by a gas purification device. In the purification step, the liquid component separated in the separation step is pressurized under heat to increase the flow rate, and then the tar content is removed.
6. The method for producing oil according to claim 5, comprising removing the impurities while heating and circulating the oil component from which the tar content has been removed. Prior to the rapid drying step, a pulverization step of pulverizing the carbonaceous raw material to a predetermined size;
A dehydration step of dehydrating the water content of the pulverized carbonaceous raw material to a predetermined level;
A sorting process for sorting the dehydrated carbonaceous raw material into pyrolytic components and non-pyrolytic components;
The method for producing oil according to claim 5 or 6, wherein:   The carbonaceous raw material is selected from the group consisting of general waste, garbage, wood, algae, sludge, food-derived residue, waste plastic, and a mixture thereof. 8. The method for producing an oil according to any one of 7 above.   A rapid drying device for rapidly drying the pulverized carbonaceous raw material for thermal decomposition, an inlet for introducing the pulverized carbonaceous raw material, and an outlet for discharging the dried waste to the thermal decomposition device side And a rapid drying machine for thermal decomposition, comprising a container having a heat source inlet for introducing exhaust gas from the thermal decomposition apparatus as a heat source and an outlet for discharging the heat source after use.   The oil manufacturing apparatus comprised from the thermal decomposition system of any one of Claims 1-4.

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