JP2011500850A - Glp−1による副作用を防止する方法 - Google Patents
Glp−1による副作用を防止する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011500850A JP2011500850A JP2010531298A JP2010531298A JP2011500850A JP 2011500850 A JP2011500850 A JP 2011500850A JP 2010531298 A JP2010531298 A JP 2010531298A JP 2010531298 A JP2010531298 A JP 2010531298A JP 2011500850 A JP2011500850 A JP 2011500850A
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- Prior art keywords
- glp
- dosage form
- dry powder
- administration
- insulin
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Abstract
Description
本出願は米国特許法119条(e)項により2007年10月24日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/982,368号、2007年11月5日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/985,620号、および2008年3月4日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/033,740号、2008年5月9日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/052,127号に基づく優先権を主張する。これらの出願の各内容はそのまま参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書には、グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)の皮下および静脈内投与療法に往々にして伴う、多量発汗、吐気、および嘔吐のような副作用を防止または低減するための方法が開示される。具体的には、前記方法は乾燥粉末薬剤送達システムを用いて肺胞毛細血管への吸入によるようなGLP−1の肺循環への投与を含む。
発明を説明する前に、以下に使用する特定の用語についての理解を与えることが有用である。
グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)は2型真性糖尿病に伴う高血糖の治療法として様々な投与経路によって検討されてきた。文献に開示されているように、GLP−1は、脂肪、炭水化物、およびタンパク質の摂食に呼応して腸の内分泌腺L細胞から放出される30または31アミノ酸内分泌ホルモンである。GLP−1はプログルカゴンのタンパク質分解切断の結果として生成され、活性形態はGLP−1(7−36)アミドであると確認されている。このペプチドホルモンの分泌は、2型真性糖尿病患者内で弱まることが見出され、このペプチドホルモンはこの病気及びその他の関連する病気の有力な治療方法の第一候補になっている。
下記の実施例を本発明の特定の態様を示すために含める。当業者は実施例で開示する技術は本発明の実施が好ましく機能する代表的な技術を説明するものであることを理解すべきである。ただし、当業者は本開示を考慮して、開示した特定の態様は多くの変更が可能で、本発明の思想と範囲からそれることなく同様な結果を得ることができることを理解すべきである。
吸入可能な乾燥粉末状GLP−1の健常成人男性への投与
GLP−1は静脈内(iv)または皮下(sc)注入によって、または複数の皮下注射によって投与されると、ヒトの高血糖を抑制することが示されてきた。そのホルモンの極めて短い半減期のため、継続的な皮下注入または毎日の複数回の皮下注射が、臨床効果をあげるために必要とされる。これらの経路はどれも長期の臨床使用は実用的でない。出願人らは、動物実験においてGLP−1を吸入によって投与すると、治療レベルが達成されることを見出した。これらの研究結果は、例えば米国特許出願第11/735,957号中で見出すことができ、その開示は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
雄性ズッカー糖尿病肥満ラットへのGLP−1およびエクセナチドの肺投与並びにエクセナチドの皮下投与の比較
臨床的に役立つ治療に至ることを目的として、より長い循環半減期を有するGLP−1類似物を開発することに多くの努力が費やされてきた。本明細書に示されるように、GLP−1の肺投与も臨床的に重要な活性を提供する。したがって、これら二つの手法を比較することは興味深いものであった。
フマリルジケトピペラジン(FDKP)およびポリソルベート80を希アンモニア水に溶かし、2.5wt%のFDKPと0.05wt%のポリソルベート80を含む溶液を得た。FDKP溶液はその後ポリソルベート80を含む酢酸溶液と混ぜ、粒子を形成した。粒子は、クロスフロー濾過によって洗浄、濃縮して、重量で約11%の固形物を得た。
60mgのGLP−1固形物(ペプチド86.6%)を451mgの脱イオン水と混ぜることにより、10wt%のGLP−1原液を脱イオン水中で調製した。約8μLの氷酢酸を加えてペプチドを溶かした。
FDKP懸濁原液(108mgの粒子)の1gの部分を2mLのポリプロピレン管に移した。適量のGLP−1原液(表1)を懸濁液に加え、穏やかに混ぜた。懸濁液のpHは、1μL分量の50%(v/v)水酸化アンモニウムを加えてpH約3.5からpH約4.5に調整した。GLP−1/FDKP粒子の懸濁液はその後、液体窒素中でペレット化し凍結乾燥した。乾燥粉末を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)で分析して、理論値に相当することを確認した。
281mgのエキセンディン固形物(ペプチド88.9%)を2219mgの2重量%酢酸と混ぜることにより、10wt%のエキセンディン原液を2重量%酢酸中で調製した。
FDKP粒子懸濁原液(粒子171mg)の1533mgの部分を4mLガラス製薬瓶に移した。エキセンディン原液の304mgの部分を懸濁液に加え、穏やかに混ぜた。懸濁液のpHは、3〜5μL分量の25%(v/v)水酸化アンモニウムを加えてpH約3.7からpH約4.5に調整した。エクセナチド/FDKP粒子の懸濁液はその後、液体窒素中でペレット化し凍結乾燥した。乾燥粉末を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)で分析して、理論値に相当することを確認した。
雄性ズッカー糖尿病肥満(ZDF)ラット(5体/群)を4つの試験群のうちの1つに割り当てた。動物には試験品投与の直前に、一晩絶食後の腹腔内注射によってグルコース(1g/kg)を供与した。対照群における動物は肺吹送による空気を受け入れた。第1群の動物は皮下(SC)注射によってエクセナチド(0.3mg)の生理食塩水(0.1mL)溶液を受け入れた。第2群の動物は肺吹送によって重量で15%のエクセナチド/FDKP(2mg)を受け入れた。第3群の動物は肺吹送によって重量で15%のGLP−1/FDKP(2mg)を受け入れた。血液試料は尾部から、投与前および投与から15、30、45、60、90、120、240、および480分後に採集した。血漿を回収した。血糖および血漿GLP−1または血漿エクセナチド濃度を測定した。
オキシントモジュリン/FDKP粉末の調製
グルカゴン37としても知られているオキシントモジュリンは、37個のアミノ酸残基から成るペプチドである。このペプチドは、カリフォルニア州サニーヴェールのアメリカン・ペプチド会社(American Peptide Company, Inc.)で製造されたものを入手した。懸濁状態のFDKP粒子をオキシントモジュリン溶液と混ぜ、液体窒素中にペレットとして急速冷凍し、凍結乾燥して試料粉末を作製した。
雄性ZDFラット(10体/群)を4群のうちの1つに割り当てた。その1群の動物は静脈注射によってオキシントモジュリンを受け入れた。他の3群の動物は、5%オキシントモジュリン/FDKP粉末(オキシントモジュリン0.15mg含有)、15%オキシントモジュリン/FDKP粉末(オキシントモジュリン0.45mg含有)、または30%オキシントモジュリン/FDKP粉末(オキシントモジュリン0.9mg含有)を肺吹送によって受け入れた。血漿オキシントモジュリン濃度測定のために、血液試料を投与前および投与後の異なる時間に尾部から採集した(図9A)。オキシントモジュリンの投与後に、食物消費も異なる時間で監視した(図9B)。
2型糖尿病患者への吸入可能な乾燥粉末状GLP−1の投与
2型真性糖尿病患者を対象に、GLP−1/FDKPの吸入可能な粉末の第一相臨床試験を行い、肺吸入によるGLP−1乾燥粉末剤形を用いた処置前後の患者のグルコース濃度を評価した。これらの調査は実施例1および本明細書の記載に従って実施した。GLP−1の吸入可能な粉末は米国特許出願第11/735,957号の記述にしたがって調製され、その開示内容は参照によって本明細書に組み入れられる。乾燥吸入粉末には、1回投与分の薬包中にFDKPを含む全体で10mgの乾燥粉末剤形に1.5mgのヒトGLP−1(7−36)アミドが含まれていた。この調査では、成人男性と閉経後の女性を含む20人の2型糖尿病患者が、前夜に絶食し、GLP−1吸入粉末投与後に4時間絶食し続けた。乾燥粉末剤形は、Medtone(登録商標)乾燥粉末吸入器(MannKind社)を用いて投与し、その吸入器については米国特許出願第10/655,153号に記述されている。その出願の開示内容は参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
未処理GLP−1の脳および肝臓への初回通過分布モデル
肺送達および静脈内ボーラス投与後の体循環によるGLP−1の初回通過分布を計算して、GLP−1投与のこれらの方法の送達効力を決定した。モデルを下記の仮定に基づいて開発した:(1)肺から肺静脈へのGLP−1吸収は0次の血中動態を示した;(2)脳への、および脳内のGLP−1の分布は即座に起こる;(3)脳および肝臓分布後のGLP−1の除去は基礎血流のみによって促進される。これらの仮定に基づいて、脳と肝臓内のGLP−1を定量する分析は、ある種の組織と器官によるGLP−1の抽出(Deacon,C.F.ら“Glucagon-like peptide 1 undergoes differential tissue-specific metabolism in the anesthetized pig.” American Physiological Society, 1996, ページ E458-E464)並びに、人体研究から心拍出量による人体への血流分布および速度(Guyton Textbook of Physiology, 10th Edition; W. B. Saunders, 2000, page 176)に関する刊行物データに基づいた。血圧のような生理学上のパラメータが安静時に正常な被検者(70kg)では、脳および肝臓への基礎流量はそれぞれ700mL/分および1350mL/分である。心拍出量に基づいて人体への血流分布を計算した結果は、脳へ14%、肝臓へ27%、および残りの体組織へ59%であった(Guyton)。
この実施例における調査を行って、皮下投与、および肺吹送投与されるZDFラット向けのFDKP、FDKPジナトリウム塩、スクシニル置換DKP(SDKP、本明細書では化合物1ともいう)、または非対称なフマリル1置換DKP(本明細書では化合物2ともいう)を含む剤形での、異なる活性薬剤の薬物動態学的パラメータを測定した。ラットを8群に分け、5体のラットを各群に割り当てた。第1群の各ラットは肺の点滴注入による0.3mgの投与量のエキセンディン−4を含むリン酸塩緩衝生理食塩水溶液を受け入れた。第2群は皮下注射によって0.3mgのエキセンディン−4を含むリン酸塩緩衝生理食塩水を受け入れた。
この実施例における調査は、ZDFラットへの肺投与によるペプチドYY(3−36)剤形の薬物動態学的かつ薬力学的な分析結果を静脈内注射に比較して評価するために行った。
2型真性糖尿病におけるGLP−1の食後活性の評価
この調査の目的は、GLP−1乾燥粉末剤形の食後のグルコース濃度に及ぼす影響を評価し、有害事象、GLP−1活性、インスリン反応、および胃内容物排出等のその安全性を評価することであった。
Claims (25)
- 患者の高血糖、および/または糖尿病の治療方法であって、
治療上有効量のGLP−1分子を含む吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形を治療が必要な患者に摂食時に投与するステップを含んでなり、
該投与が吐気、嘔吐、および多量発汗からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの副作用をもたらさない、治療方法。 - 前記患者が2型真性糖尿病を患う哺乳類である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記GLP−1剤形が、剤形中約0.5mg〜約3mgのGLP−1を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形がDPP−IV抑制剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形がジケトピペラジンを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ジケトピペラジンが2,5−ジケト−3,6−ジ(4−X−アミノブチル)ピペラジン(ここで、Xはスクニシル、グルタリル、マレイル、およびフマリルからなる群から選択される)または医薬的に許容し得るその塩である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記GLP−1分子が、天然GLP−1、GLP−1代謝体、GLP−1類似物、GLP−1誘導体、長時間作用型GLP−1類似物、GLP−1模倣剤、エキセンディン、GLP−1ペプチド類似物、または生合成GLP−1類似物、またはその組合せからなる群から選ばれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 治療上有効量のインスリン分子を患者に投与することをさらに含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形がインスリン分子と共製剤されたGLP−1分子を含んでなる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記インスリン分子が吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形として別に投与される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形が胃内容物排出の抑制を欠く、請求項1に記載の方法。
- a)乾燥粉末吸入器にはめ込み操作できるように構成され、GLP−1分子および式:2,5−ジケト−3,6−ジ(4−X−アミノブチル)ピペラジン(ここで、Xはスクニシル、グルタリル、マレイル、およびフマリルからなる群から選択される)または医薬的に許容し得るその塩を含む乾燥粉末剤形を含む薬包;および
b)該薬包を受け入れまたは保持してしっかりとはめ込むように構成された吸入装置;
を含んでなる、糖尿病、および/または高血糖の治療のためのキット。 - 高血糖を患う2型糖尿病患者内のグルコース濃度低減のための方法であって、治療上有効量のGLP−1およびジケトピペラジンまたは医薬的に許容し得るその塩を含んでなる肺投与のための吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形を治療が必要な該患者に投与することを含んでなる方法。
- 前記患者への前記吸入可能な剤形の投与の後約4時間で、グルコース濃度が約0.1mmol/L〜約3mmol/L減少する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な剤形が、摂食時、食前、摂食時、食後、または絶食時に2型糖尿病患者に投与される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記GLP−1剤形が剤形中に約0.02mg〜約2mgのGLP−1を含んでなる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形がDPP−IV抑制剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形がジケトピペラジンを含んでなる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ジケトピペラジンが2,5−ジケト−3,6−ジ(4−X−アミノブチル)ピペラジン(ここで、Xはスクニシル、グルタリル、マレイル、およびフマリルからなる群から選択される)または医薬的に許容し得るその塩である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形がインスリン分子と共製剤されたGLP−1分子を含んでなる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- インスリンは吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形として投与されることをさらに含んでなる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記インスリンが即効性または長時間作用型インスリンである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 長時間作用型CLP−1類似物を含む剤形を投与することをさらに含んでなる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記吸入可能な乾燥粉末剤形が胃内容物排出の抑制を欠く、請求項12に記載の方法。
- a)乾燥粉末吸入器にはめ込み操作できるように構成され、GLP−1分子および式:2,5−ジケト−3,6−ジ(4−X−アミノブチル)ピペラジン(ここで、Xはスクニシル、グルタリル、マレイル、およびフマリルからなる群から選択される)または医薬的に許容し得るその塩を含む乾燥粉末剤形を含む薬包;および
b)該薬包を受け入れまたは保持してしっかりとはめ込むように構成された吸入装置;
を含んでなる、肺の薬物送達システムを含んでなる2型糖尿病患者の高血糖の治療のためのキット。
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US20200147219A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
RU2474415C2 (ru) | 2013-02-10 |
CN101969927A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
PL2211842T3 (pl) | 2015-12-31 |
KR101736535B1 (ko) | 2017-05-16 |
KR101736502B1 (ko) | 2017-05-16 |
KR20130123467A (ko) | 2013-11-12 |
DK2211842T3 (en) | 2015-09-21 |
KR20100093055A (ko) | 2010-08-24 |
HUE025485T2 (en) | 2016-02-29 |
US20130125886A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
AU2014202731A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
EP2211842A2 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
CA2703338A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
AU2008316634A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
WO2009055740A2 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
MX2010004510A (es) | 2010-07-02 |
RU2010120666A (ru) | 2011-11-27 |
ES2547529T3 (es) | 2015-10-07 |
RU2012146344A (ru) | 2014-05-10 |
US8377869B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
WO2009055740A3 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
US20090110647A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
EP2211842B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
JP2015013892A (ja) | 2015-01-22 |
AU2008316634B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
EP2954893A1 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
US20220387593A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
BRPI0818872A2 (pt) | 2015-05-05 |
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