JP2010021554A - 有機メソメリー化合物の使用、有機半導体物質、及び、電子素子 - Google Patents
有機メソメリー化合物の使用、有機半導体物質、及び、電子素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010021554A JP2010021554A JP2009165062A JP2009165062A JP2010021554A JP 2010021554 A JP2010021554 A JP 2010021554A JP 2009165062 A JP2009165062 A JP 2009165062A JP 2009165062 A JP2009165062 A JP 2009165062A JP 2010021554 A JP2010021554 A JP 2010021554A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
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- residue
- quinoid
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VDDHNYSCGXIRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N B1OCC=CO1 Chemical class B1OCC=CO1 VDDHNYSCGXIRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004059 quinone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 82
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 1,3,2-dioxaborin compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- IRDWNJAVINUANK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxaborinine Chemical compound O1OC=CC=B1 IRDWNJAVINUANK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 0 C(CC1(C2)C2C(C2)C2*1)C1CC1 Chemical compound C(CC1(C2)C2C(C2)C2*1)C1CC1 0.000 description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- ITOFPJRDSCGOSA-KZLRUDJFSA-N (2s)-2-[[(4r)-4-[(3r,5r,8r,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H](CC[C@]13C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]1[C@H](C)CCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12 ITOFPJRDSCGOSA-KZLRUDJFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JNGDCMHTNXRQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonitrile Chemical compound O=C1C(C#N)=C(C#N)C(=O)C(C#N)=C1C#N JNGDCMHTNXRQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000284156 Clerodendrum quadriloculare Species 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940125810 compound 20 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-diphenyl-4-n,4-n-bis[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNTNRNUQVKDIPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dithiazole Chemical group N1SSC=C1 UNTNRNUQVKDIPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005336 allyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YODWSEQGSCDQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N deca-7,9-diene-2,3-dione Chemical compound CC(C(CCCC=CC=C)=O)=O YODWSEQGSCDQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSVMTHKYDGMXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(trimethylsilyl)methanediimine Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N=C=N[Si](C)(C)C KSVMTHKYDGMXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQNVIKXOOKXAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthazarin Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2O RQNVIKXOOKXAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUEIZVNYDFNHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinizarin Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2O GUEIZVNYDFNHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 2
- ASGMFNBUXDJWJJ-JLCFBVMHSA-N (1R,3R)-3-[[3-bromo-1-[4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]amino]-N,1-dimethylcyclopentane-1-carboxamide Chemical compound BrC1=NN(C2=NC(=NC=C21)N[C@H]1C[C@@](CC1)(C(=O)NC)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1SC(=NN=1)C ASGMFNBUXDJWJJ-JLCFBVMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABJSOROVZZKJGI-OCYUSGCXSA-N (1r,2r,4r)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-n-[(4-chlorophenyl)-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-4-morpholin-4-ylcyclohexane-1-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=NC(F)=CC(C(NC(=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](C[C@@H](CC2)N2CCOCC2)C=2C=CC(Br)=CC=2)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1 ABJSOROVZZKJGI-OCYUSGCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-benzyl-3-[hydroxy-[(1r)-2-phenyl-1-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]phosphoryl]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)C(CP(O)(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHPVRWXUCDJURW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-cyanoiminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)cyanamide Chemical class N#CN=C1C=CC(=NC#N)C=C1 RHPVRWXUCDJURW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004739 (C1-C6) alkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC=CC1=O WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1 LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXKZJFMYKDQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)propane-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DNXKZJFMYKDQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005561 1,4-benzoquinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】ドーパントが供給される有機半導体を、製造プロセス時により簡単に取り扱うことができるように、また、ドープされた有機半導体を有する電子素子を、再生可能に製造できるように、メソメリー化合物として、同じ蒸着条件下ではテトラフルオロテトラシアノキノンジメタン(F4TCNQ)よりも揮発性の低いキノン、または、キノン誘導体、または、1,2,3−ジオクサボリン、または1,3,2−ジオクサボリン誘導体を使用することを提案する。
【選択図】なし
Description
本実施形態では、揮発性は、同じ条件下(例えば、2×10−4Paの圧力、および、所定の気化温度、例えば150℃)で測定した気化速度(Verdampfungsrate)として、または、他は同じ条件下で、時間単位(nm/秒)毎の層厚成長として測定した基板の蒸着速度(Bedampfungsrate)として決定してもよい。本発明の化合物の揮発性は、好ましくは、F4TCNQの0.95または0.9倍以下、特に好ましくは0.8倍以下、さらに好ましくは0.5倍以下、特に好ましくは0.1倍以下または0.05倍以下または0.01倍以下またはそれ未満である。
本発明に基づいて使用されるキノイド化合物では、(キノイド化合物は、オルトまたはパラキノン組織でもよく、多核キノイド構造の場合、混合オルト−パラキノイド構造が生じることもある)キノイド化合物の1,2,3または4つまたは全てのキノイド=O−基が、以下に置換基S1〜S11,S13〜S21のために規定されているような群から選択されていてもよい。また、場合によっては、S1を含まないこともあるが、この場合には、置換基は、後述のように規定されている。
ただし、X=YおよびV=Wであり、XおよびVは以下に示す表22の通りである。
−L1−C(R1)=C(R2)−L2−ただし、L=O,S,NRまたはCR14R15
または、−C(X)C(Y)−C(R1)=C(R2)−
または、−C(=X)C(R3)=C(R4)−C(=Y)−
または、−C(=X)−L−C(=Y)−ただし、L=O,S,NR,CR14R15から選択されている。ただし、XおよびYは、上記のように定義されており、以下の基から選択されていることが好ましい。
カルボキシ−(CO)−,カルボイミド−(CNR)−,チオフェニレン,フラニレン,1,3,4−オキシジアゾリレン(Oxdiazolylen-),トリアジン,テトラジニレン(Tetrazinylen-),ピラニレン,チオピラニレン,ジチイニレン、ホスホリニレン,フタル酸無水物、フタル酸イミドおよびジチアゾール残基からなる群より選択されていてもよい。
全ての以下に記載のキノン化合物の合成は、ここに、全範囲における(vollumfaenglich)関連付けにより本発明に含まれており、本発明により包括されている。
<N,N’−ジシアン−2,5−ジクロロ−1,4−ベンゾキノンジイミン>
3単位のN,N’−ジシアン−2,5−ジクロロベンゼン−1,4ジアミンを、
撹拌しながら20℃で、200単位の氷酢酸に懸濁させる。13単位の鉛−(IV)−テトラアセテートを加える。原材料全体が酸化するまで撹拌する。黄/茶色い沈殿物を濾過し、ベンゼンから再結晶させる(umkristallisieren)。
収量:64% Fp.:225℃
〔実施例2〕
<N,N’−ジシアン−2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロ−1,4−ベンゾキノンジイミン>
1.5単位の2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロ−1,4−ベンゾキノンを、70単位の塩化メチレン中、7.6単位のチタン四塩化物に添加する。生成した黄色い錯体を、15単位のメチレン塩化物中の7.5単位のビス−(トリメチルシリル)−カルボジイミドと、室温で撹拌しながら反応させ、4時間後氷に注ぐ。水層を、塩化メチレン で2回抽出する。有機層を合わせて(vereinigten organischen Phasen)、マグネシウム塩化物によって乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮し、石油エーテルから沈殿させ、改めて濾過する。得られた固体(Feststoff)は、トルエン/メチルシクロヘキサンの混合物から再結晶される。
収量:48%,Fp.:205℃
〔1,3,2−ジオクサボリン〕
本発明では、さらに、1,3,2−ジオクサボリン化合物を、半導体有機物質のドーピングに使用できる。
残基Xは、好ましくは陰性の(elektronegativen)固着原子(Haftatom)(例えば、フッ素、アルコキシ、アシロキシ、アリロキシ(Aryloxy)またはアロイロキシ(Aroyloxy))を有する1座配位子、または固着原子が好ましくは酸素であり、この固着原子は、架橋を介して、異なる原子配列、および、様々な数の架橋原子と相互結合しており、架橋によって、好ましくは5または6員環が生成されており、架橋の少なくとも1つの原子または全ての原子が、炭素原子であることが好ましい2数配位子である。
<1,4−ビス−(2,2−ジフルオロ−4−メチル−1,3,2−ジオクサボリニル)−ベンゾール>
本発明では、通常はOLEDまたは有機太陽電池に使用されるホール輸送物質HTなどの有機半導体物質に適切なドーパントに付いて説明する。半導体物質は、本質的にホール誘導性であることが好ましい。本発明のキノン型およびジオクサボリン型のドーパントのために、以下のことが該当することがある。
〔ドーピング〕
ドーピングを、特に、以下のように行える。ドーパントに対するマトリックス分子、または、場合によってはオリゴマーマトリックス物質のモル比率は、マトリックスモノマー対ドーパント1:100000、好ましくは1:1〜1:10000、特に好ましくは1:5〜1:1000、例えば、1:10〜1:100、例えば、約1:50〜1:100または1:25〜1:50でもある。
各マトリックス物質(ここでは、好ましくはホール伝導度マトリックス物質HTとして示す)を、以下の方法の1つ、または、組み合わせて使用することにより、本発明で使用されるドーパントによってドーピングできる。
a)HT用の源(Quelle)とドーパント用の源とを用いて真空中で混合気化する
b)HTとドーパントとを連続的に蓄積(Deponieren)し、続いて、ドーパントを熱処理によって入力拡散させる
c)ドーパントの溶液によってHT層をドーピングし、続いて、溶媒を熱処理により気化する
d)ドーパントの表面に形成された層を通してHT層の表面をドーピングする
ドーパントを前駆体化合物から気化することによりドーピングを行う。この前駆体化合物は、過熱および/または照射の際に、ドーパントを放出(freisetzen)する。照射は、電磁線、特に、可視光、UV光または、IR光(例えば、それぞれ、レーザー光、または、他の照射方法)によって行える。照射時に、基本的に気化に必要な熱が提供される。気化する化合物または前駆体または化合物錯体(充電−転送−錯体など)の特定の帯域に、目的を絞って照射してもよい。これは、例えば、励起状態に変化させることによって、錯体の分裂による化合物の気化を簡単にするためである。以下に記載の気化条件は、照射しない気化条件を対象としており、比較のために、同じ気化条件を使用できる。
a)混合化合物、または、化学量論的な化合物、または、混合結晶の化合物。なお、上記化合物は、ドーパントと、不活性揮発性物質(例えば、ポリマー、モルジーブ(Molsieb)、酸化アルミニウム、シリカゲル、オリゴマーまたは気化温度の高い他の有機または無機物質)とを含むものである。この場合、ドーパントは、大抵の場合、分子間力(van-der-Waals Kraefte)および/または水素架橋結合によって、この物質と結合している。
b)混合化合物、または、化学量論的な化合物、または、混合結晶の化合物。なお、上記化合物は、ドーパントと、ある程度電子供与型であり不揮発性の化合物Vとを含むものである。この場合、かなり多くの電子を含む(elektronenreichen)ポリ芳香族化合物、または、ヘテロ芳香族化合物、または、気化温度の高い他の有機または無機物質を有する電荷移動錯体中でのように、ドーパントと化合物Vとの間にほぼ完全な電荷輸送が生じる。
c)混合化合物、または、化学量論的な化合物、または、混合結晶の化合物。なお、上記化合物は、ドーパントと、ドーパントと共に気化され、ドープされる物質HTと同じまたはより高いイオン化エネルギーを有する物質とを含むものである。従って、有機マトリックス物質中の物質は、ホール用の固着場所を形成しない。この場合、物質は、本発明では、マトリックス物質(例えば、金属フタロシアニンまたはベンジジン誘導体)と同じ物でもよい。他の適切な揮発性の共同物質(Co-Substanzen)(ハイドロキノン、1,4−フェニレンジアミンまたは1−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシベンゼン(Hydroxybenze)またはそのほかの化合物は、キンヒドロンまたは他の電荷移動錯体を形成する。
本発明の有機化合物は、特に層または導電経路の形状に構成することができ、この有機化合物を、ドープされた有機半導体物質を生成するために使用することにより、多数の電子素子または電子素子を含む装置を製造できる。特に、本発明のドーパントを、有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、有機太陽電池、特に103〜107、好ましくは104〜107または105〜107の高い整流値比率(Gleichrichtungsverhaeltnis)を有する有機ダイオード、または、有機電界効果トランジスタを製造するために使用できる。本発明のドーパントによって、ドープされた層の伝導度を改善し、および/または接触部からドープされた層への電荷担体注入を改善できる。特に、OLEDの場合、素子は、ピン構造または逆転構造でもよいが、これに制限されない。しかし、本発明のドーパントの使用は、上記の有利な実施例に制限されていない。
本発明を、実施例を参考にしながら詳しく説明する。
<N,N’−ジシアン−2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロ−1,4−キノンジイミン(F4DCNQI)によるZnPcのドーピング>
気化温度T(evap.)は、85℃である。2つの成分(Komponent)、すなわち、マトリックスとドーパントとを、50:1の比率で、真空中で蒸着する。この場合、伝導度は、2.4×10−2S/cmである。このときの層厚と電流の関係を図1および以下の表43に示す。
<N,N’−ジシアン−2,5−ジクロロ−1,4−キノンジイミン(C12DCNQI)によるZnPcのドーピング>
気化温度T(evap.)は、114℃である。蒸着した層における2つの化合物の比率は、50(マトリックス):1である層の伝導度は、1.0×10−2S/cmである。このときの層厚と電流の関係を図2および以下の表44に示す。
<N,N’−ジシアン−2,5−ジクロロ−3,6−ジフルオロ−1,4−キノンジイミン(C12F2DCNQI)によるZnPcのドーピング>
気化温度T(evap.)は、118℃である。層を、1:25(ドーパント:マトリックス)の比率で、真空中で蒸着する。この場合、伝導度は、4.9×10−4S/cmである。このときの層厚と電流の関係を図3および以下の表45に示す。
<N,N’−ジシアン−2,3,5,6,7,8−ヘクサフルオロ−1,4−ナフトキノンジイミン(F6DCNNQI)によるZnPcのドーピング>
気化温度T(evap.)は、122℃である。ドーパントとマトリックスとを、1:25の比率で、担体上に真空中で蒸着する。この場合、伝導度は、2×10−3S/cmに達する。このときの層厚と電流の関係を図4および以下の表46に示す。
<1,4,5,8−テトラヒドロ−1,4,5,8−テトラチア−2,3,6,7−テトラチアノアントラキノン(CN4TTAQ)によるZnPcのドーピング>
気化温度T(evap.)は、170℃である。層を、比率1:25(ドーパント:マトリックス)で真空中で蒸着する。この場合、伝導度は、4.5×10−4S/cmである。このときの層厚と電流の関係を図5および以下の表47に示す。
<2,2,7,7、−テトラフルオロ−2,7−ジヒドロ−1,3,6,8−ドクサ−2,7−ジボラ−ペンタクロロ−ベンゾ[e]ピレンによるZnPcのドーピング>
気化温度T(evap.)は、140℃である。層を、比率1:25(ドーパント:マトリックス)で真空中で蒸着する。この場合、伝導度は、2.8×10−5S/cmである。このときの層厚と電流の関係を図6および以下の表48に示す。
Claims (17)
- 有機半導体マトリックス物質をドーピングしてその電気特性を変化させるための、有機ドーパントとしての有機メソメリー(mesomere)化合物の使用であって、
上記有機メソメリー化合物は、メソメリーキノイド化合物、または、メソメリー1,3,2−ジオクサボリン化合物であり、
(a)上記メソメリーキノイド化合物は、一般式I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX、X、XI、XII、XIII、XIV、XV、XVI、XVII、XVIII、XIX、XX、XXI、XII、XIII、XIV、XV、XVI、XVII、XVIII、XIX、XX、XXI、XXII、XXIII、XXIV、XXV、XXVI、XXVII、XXVIII、XXIX、XXX、XXXI、XXXII、XXXIII、XXXIV、XXXV、XXXVI、XXXVII、XXXVIII、XXXIX、XXXX、または、XXXXI
で表され、
キノイド環または芳香族環は、置換されているか、置換されていないか(R=H)、または、少なくとも1つの芳香族環と縮環しており、
=T,=U,=V,=W,=X,=Yまたは=Zは、2重結合で結合する原子、または、メソメリー効果(mesomer)および/または誘起的吸引性を有する残基を持つ原子団(Atomgruppen)であり、
A、B、D、E、F、G、HおよびKは、同じであるか、または異なり、
=N−,=P−または=CR−から選択され、
Rは、水素原子、または、残基であり、
ZBは、直接結合しているか、2結合原子、または、2結合多原子架橋であり、
(b)上記メソメリー1,3,2−ジオクサボリン化合物は、一般式L
Aは、2価残基であり、該2価残基は、1つ以上の炭素原子を含み、
該炭素原子は、一部または全てがヘテロ原子により置換され、
mは0または0以上の整数であり、
Xは、1座配位子であり、2つの配位子Xは、2座配位子を形成することができ、
または、
上記メソメリー1,3,2−ジオクサボリン化合物は、一般式LI
Qは、3価残基であり、Xは、1座配位子であり、2つの配位子Xは、2座配位子を形成することができ、
または、
上記メソメリー1,3,2−ジオクサボリン化合物は、一般式LII
上記有機メソメリー化合物の揮発性が、同一の気化条件下で、テトラフルオロテトラシアノキノンジメタン(F4TCNQ)よりも低いことを特徴とする、使用。 - 上記符号が、
−M−は、−O−,−S−,−NR−または−C(=Z)−であり、
=T,=U,=V,=W,=X,=Yまたは=Zは、同じであるか、または、異なっており、一般式S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6、S7、S8、S9、S10、S11、S12、S13、S14、S15、S16、S17、S18、S19、S20、およびS21
置換基AAは、一般式T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8、T9、T10、T11、T12、T13、T14、T15、およびT16
一般式VIII、IX、またはXにおけるZBは、直接結合しているか、または、1原子基、若しくは飽和または不飽和の多原子基であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の化合物の使用。 - 上記化合物は、キノン、または、少なくとも2つの縮環していないキノイド構造を含むキノン誘導体であって、上記キノイド構造は、直接、または、架橋−ZB−を介して、1〜10個の架橋原子団と相互に結合しており、上記架橋原子団は、炭素原子、ヘテロ原子、または、炭素原子およびヘテロ原子であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 上記化合物は、それぞれ5または6個の炭素原子を有する2、3、4、5または6のキノイド環構造を含み、上記炭素原子は、少なくとも一部が、ヘテロ原子により置換されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 少なくとも2つ、それ以上、または、全ての上記キノイド環構造が、メソメリー(mesomere)結合しながらより大きなキノイド構造に縮環しているか、あるいは、不飽和架橋によって相互にメソメリー結合していることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の化合物の使用。
- 上記化合物は、1、2、3、4、5または6のアリール残基を含み、それぞれのアリール残基は、相互に、上記化合物の1つ以上のキノイド構造と縮環していることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 上記マトリックス物質は、ホール伝導性であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 上記マトリックス物質は、部分的に、または、全部が、金属フタロシアニン錯体、ポルフィリン錯体、および/または、スピロ−ビフルオレン化合物からなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 有機半導体マトリックス物質と有機ドーパントとを含む有機半導体物質であって、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の化合物の使用によって得られることを特徴とする、有機半導体物質。
- 有機ドーパント有機半導体マトリックス物質のモルドーピング比率が、1:1〜1:10,000であることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の有機半導体物質。
- 請求項14または15に記載の有機半導体物質を含む電子素子。
- 有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、有機太陽電池、有機ダイオード、または有機電界効果トランジスタである請求項16に記載の電子素子。
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JP2015023190A (ja) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-02-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 有機薄膜トランジスタ、有機半導体薄膜および有機半導体材料 |
JP2015023188A (ja) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-02-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 有機薄膜トランジスタ、有機半導体薄膜および有機半導体材料 |
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IN2004MU00382A (ja) | 2006-09-29 |
DE502004010037D1 (de) | 2009-10-22 |
US6908783B1 (en) | 2005-06-21 |
CA2462745A1 (en) | 2005-06-04 |
ATE442674T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
HK1078988A1 (en) | 2006-03-24 |
EP2083458A1 (de) | 2009-07-29 |
EP1538684B1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
EP1596445B1 (de) | 2009-09-09 |
JP2005167175A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
EP1596445B2 (de) | 2015-09-30 |
HK1082839A1 (en) | 2006-06-16 |
TW200520020A (en) | 2005-06-16 |
KR100622179B1 (ko) | 2006-09-08 |
EP2270894A1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
US20050139810A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
US20050121667A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
CN100530742C (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
IN2005MU01652A (ja) | 2007-12-21 |
TWI276142B (en) | 2007-03-11 |
DE502004008632D1 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
EP1596445A1 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
DE10357044A1 (de) | 2005-07-14 |
ATE417366T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
CA2462745C (en) | 2010-06-01 |
EP1538684A1 (de) | 2005-06-08 |
JP5465940B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
KR20050054427A (ko) | 2005-06-10 |
CN1624948A (zh) | 2005-06-08 |
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