JP2009537997A - 薄膜太陽電池を製造するのに適した銅−亜鉛−錫析出のための金属メッキ組成及び方法 - Google Patents
薄膜太陽電池を製造するのに適した銅−亜鉛−錫析出のための金属メッキ組成及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009537997A JP2009537997A JP2009511397A JP2009511397A JP2009537997A JP 2009537997 A JP2009537997 A JP 2009537997A JP 2009511397 A JP2009511397 A JP 2009511397A JP 2009511397 A JP2009511397 A JP 2009511397A JP 2009537997 A JP2009537997 A JP 2009537997A
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- Prior art keywords
- copper
- zinc
- tin
- plating
- layer
- Prior art date
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- PDYXSJSAMVACOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Zn].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn].[Sn] PDYXSJSAMVACOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 62
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 179
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 153
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 141
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 disubstituted benzene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XIMIGUBYDJDCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diselenium Chemical compound [Se]=[Se] XIMIGUBYDJDCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MAHNFPMIPQKPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur Chemical compound S=S MAHNFPMIPQKPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008427 organic disulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008116 organic polysulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea group Chemical group NC(=S)N UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910007610 Zn—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002475 Cu2ZnSnS4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KYRUBSWVBPYWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;iron;sulfane;tin Chemical group S.S.S.S.[Fe].[Cu].[Cu].[Sn] KYRUBSWVBPYWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940039748 oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000004066 1-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002853 C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- REIDAMBAPLIATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(c(cc1)ccc1C(O)=O)=O Chemical compound COC(c(cc1)ccc1C(O)=O)=O REIDAMBAPLIATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical group CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020335 Na3 PO4.12H2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1S(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1S(O)(=O)=O HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003310 Ni-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPJLOVHYRZBSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=[Se] Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=[Se] JPJLOVHYRZBSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SEAVSGQBBULBCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn]=S.[Cu] Chemical compound [Sn]=S.[Cu] SEAVSGQBBULBCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052947 chalcocite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940001468 citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- WILFBXOGIULNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper sulfanylidenetin zinc Chemical group [Sn]=S.[Zn].[Cu] WILFBXOGIULNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IOUCSUBTZWXKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O IOUCSUBTZWXKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005293 physical law Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003342 selenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZJVTYKZWDWVIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Zn] ZJVTYKZWDWVIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/126—Active materials comprising only Group I-III-VI chalcopyrite materials, e.g. CuInSe2, CuGaSe2 or CuInGaSe2 [CIGS]
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
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- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/58—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
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Abstract
Description
− 安息香酸、及び、スルホン酸、
− オルト−、メタ−、パラ−置換(R)安息香酸、及びそのエステル、
− フタル酸/フタルスルホン酸(phthalic sulfonic acid)、及びそのエステル、
− イソフタル酸/フタルスルホン酸、及びそのエステル、
− テレフタル酸/フタルスルホン酸、及びそのエステル、
− サッカリン、
から成る群から選択されてもよい。
− CuxZnySnz又はCuxZnySnzSa(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1;0.1<a<4.2)の層が15℃〜80℃の温度で且つ8〜13のpHで基板と適切な電解浴とを接触することによって作られる方法を用いて、CuxZnySnz又はCuxZnySnzSaの層を作り出すこと、又は、基板を、銅析出用電解浴と、錫析出用電解浴と、及び亜鉛析出用電解浴といかなる順序でも且ついかなる積層数でも接触させることによって、基板上に、所望の化学量論組成を成し遂げるのに適した層厚み有する、積み重なった銅、錫、及び亜鉛を順次析出することによって、銅、錫、及び亜鉛から成り、且つ総合的にCuxZnySnz(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1)の組成を有するサンドイッチ層を作り出すこと、その後、
− それらを硫黄含有化合物と接触させることによって硫化することである。
− 15℃〜80℃の温度で、且つ、8〜13のpHより好ましくは10〜12のpHで、基板を適切な電解浴と接触させることによって、CuxZnySnzSeb又はCuxZnySnzSaSeb(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1;0.1<a<4.2;0.1<b<4.2)の層を作り出すこと、その後、
− それらを硫黄含有化合物と接触させることによって硫化することである。
− 基板を15℃〜80℃の温度で且つ8〜13のpHより好ましくは10〜12のpHで適切な電解浴と接触させることによって、CuxZnySnz、CuxZnySnzSeb又はCuxZnySnzSaSeb(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1;0.1<a<4.2;0.1<b<4.2)の層を作り出すこと、又は、基板を、銅析出用電解浴と、錫析出用電解浴と、及び亜鉛析出用電解浴といかなる順序でも且ついかなる積層数でも接触させることによって、基板上に、所望の化学量論組成を成し遂げるのに適した層厚み有する、積み重なった金属層を順次析出することによって、銅、錫、及び亜鉛から成り、且つ総合的にCuxZnySnz(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1)の組成を有するサンドイッチ層を作り出すこと、その後、
− セレン層を析出すること、且つ、上記複数層を硫黄含有化合物と接触させることによって硫化することである。
− 基板を15℃〜80℃の温度で且つ8〜13のpHより好ましくは10〜12のpHで適切な電解浴と接触させることによって、CuxZnySnz、CuxZnySnzSeb(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1;0.1<b<4.2)の層を作り出すこと、又は、基板を、銅析出用電解浴と、錫析出用電解浴と、及び亜鉛析出用電解浴といかなる順序でも且ついかなる積層数でも接触させることによって、基板上に、所望の化学量論組成を成し遂げるのに適した層厚み有する、積み重なった金属層を順次析出することによって、銅、錫、及び亜鉛から成り、且つ総合的にCuxZnySnz(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1)の組成を有するサンドイッチ層を作り出すこと、その後、
− 複数の層を、上昇した温度でH2Seのような還元性セレン含有ガス体と接触させることによってセレン化することである。
− 基板を15℃〜80℃の温度で且つ8〜13のpHより好ましくは10〜12のpHで適切な電解浴と接触させることによって、CuxZnySnzSa、CuxZnySnzSeb、又はCuxZnySnzSaSeb(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1;0.1<a<4.2;0.1<b<4.2)の層を作り出すこと、又は、基板を、銅析出用電解浴と、錫析出用電解浴と、及び亜鉛析出用電解浴といかなる順序でも且ついかなる積層数でも接触させることによって、基板上に、所望の化学量論組成を成し遂げるのに適した層厚み有する、積み重なった金属層を順次析出することによって、銅、錫、及び亜鉛から成り、且つ総合的にCuxZnySnz(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1)の組成を有するサンドイッチ層を作り出すこと、その後、
− 複数の層を、上昇した温度でH2Seのような還元性セレン含有ガス体と接触させることによってセレン化することである。
− 導電性又は非導電性のいずれかであって、且つ更に柔軟又は剛直のいずれかである、基板層、
− 任意に、電気絶縁体として又は基板のいかなる構成体をもそこを通ってその上に析出された吸収層内に拡散することを防ぐための拡散防壁として用いられる、バリヤ層、
− 好ましくはモリブデンで作られた、導電性バック接点層、
−上記した合金を作り出すためのいかなる方法によって得られた、CuxZnySnzSa(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1;3.8<a<4.2)又は、CuxZnySnzSaSeb(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1;0.1<a<4.2;0.1<b<4.2)で作られたp−型吸収層、
− 少なくとも一つのn−型バッファ層、及び、
− 一つ又はそれ以上の窓層、である。
本発明の第四態様の第一実施形態において、無電解メッキ銅、電着錫及び電着亜鉛の積層体が(底/バック接点から電池の上部まで)次のように形成された。
本発明の第四態様の第二実施形態において、電解析出されたパラジウム又はパラジウム−ニッケル合金、電解析出された銅、電解析出された錫及び電解析出された亜鉛(底/バック接点かた電池の上部まで)の積層体が形成された。
その後、得られたCuxZnySnz(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1)合金層は、RTP(急速熱処理)炉を用いることによって硫化された。当該炉の主要部は、最適な加熱のために石英ガラス管を取り囲む、石英ランプシステムを有する石英ガラス管である。これは、熱壁構成(hot wall configuration)である。最大加熱速度は10K/s(<1100℃)であった。当該炉には、様々なガス供給弁、減圧システム、及びPC制御ユニットが備え付けられた。冷却トラップ及びスクラバーシステムが、排ガスからH2S又はH2Seのような、いかなる毒性化合物を除去するために取り付けられた。水冷却システムが、シール、フランジ等の精密部品を保護した。
CuxZnySnz(1.5<x<2.5;0.9<y<1.5;0.5<z<1.1)サンドイッチ前駆物質のアニーリングが、上記RTP炉内で行われた。
硫化の個々の工程を表2に示す。
CuxZnySnz合金層の析出
本発明の更に好ましい実施形態において、Cu2ZnSn合金層が、銅、亜鉛及び錫の金属塩を含有するガルバニ浴を用いることによって一つの処理工程において得られた。
− チオ硫酸塩、
− チオ尿素、及びその誘導体、
− チオスルホン酸、
− ジ(チオスルホン)酸
そのようにして得られた薄膜太陽電池は、0.1%の効率を示した。
Claims (28)
- 銅−亜鉛−錫合金析出用金属メッキ組成であって、上記合金は任意補足的に少なくとも一つのカルコゲンを含み、上記金属メッキ組成は、少なくとも一つの銅メッキ種、少なくとも一つの亜鉛メッキ種、少なくとも一つの錫メッキ種、及び、少なくとも一つの錯化剤から成り、更に、合金が少なくとも一つのカルコゲンを含む場合には少なくとも一つのカルコゲンメッキ種を含む金属メッキ組成において、
金属メッキ組成には、次の一般化学式Iを有する二置換ベンゼン化合物であって、
- R1及びR2が、COOH、COOCH2CH2OH、COOCH2CH3、COOCH3、NH2、CHOから成る群から選択される、又は、共に構成部分CO-NH-SO2を形成し、上記構成部分はベンゼン環に対してオルト位に位置するように結合される、請求項1に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 銅−亜鉛−錫合金がCuxZnySnzCh1aCh2b合金であって、Ch1は第一カルコゲンであり、Ch2は第二カルコゲンであり、xは1.5〜2.5、yは0.9〜1.5、zは0.5〜1.1、aは0〜4.2及びbは0〜4.2である、請求項1又は2に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 銅、亜鉛、及び錫メッキ種が、モル比で銅:亜鉛:錫=1:0.1〜10:0.1〜4の組成で含まれる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 銅、亜鉛、及び錫メッキ種が、モル比で銅:亜鉛:錫=1:2〜8:0.4〜1の組成で含まれる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 銅メッキ種が、リン酸銅又はピロリン酸銅であって、亜鉛メッキ種が、リン酸亜鉛又はピロリン酸亜鉛である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 錫メッキ種が、スズ酸錫である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 少なくとも一つの錯化剤が、シュウ酸塩、クエン酸塩、及びグルコン酸の塩の化合物から成る群から選択される、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 上記組成が、バッファ系を更に含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- バッファ系が、リン酸水素塩/リン酸塩から成る、請求項9に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- a>0の場合、Ch1はSであり、且つ、少なくとも一つのカルコゲンメッキ種は硫黄メッキ種であり、上記硫黄メッキ種は、チオ硫酸塩、チオスルホン酸、ジ(チオスルホン)酸、硫化硫黄、チオ尿素、及びその誘導体、有機ジスルフィド、有機ポリスルフィド、コロイド状硫黄単体、及び、コロイド状硫黄単体を生成する化合物から成る群から選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- b>0の場合、Ch2はSeであり、且つ、少なくとも一つのカルコゲンメッキ種はセレンメッキ種であり、上記セレンメッキ種は、セレン酸塩、セレノスルファイト、ジセレニド、及びポリセレニドから成る群から選択される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成。
- 銅−亜鉛−錫合金析出方法であって、上記合金は任意補足的に少なくとも一つのカルコゲンを含有し、上記方法は、基板とアノードを請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の金属メッキ組成と接触させること、及び、上記基板とアノードとの間に電流を流すことから成る、方法。
- 銅−亜鉛−錫合金を、硫黄メッキ種と接触させることによって硫化することを更に含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 硫黄メッキ種が、硫黄単体及び硫黄化合物を含有する還元性ガス体から成る群から選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- セレン単層を上記合金上に析出させることを更に含む、請求項13〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 銅−亜鉛−錫合金を、セレン化合物を含有する還元性ガス体と接触させることによってセレン化することを更に含む、請求項13〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 銅、亜鉛、錫、及び任意補足的に少なくとも一つのカルコゲンを含有するサンドイッチ層を作り出す方法であって、銅単層、亜鉛単層及び錫単層を順次析出し、また少なくとも一つのカルコゲンを上記単層の少なくとも一つに、任意補足的に析出することから成る上記方法において、上記方法は、サンドイッチ層を形成するために、湿式化学的金属メッキ組成を用いて上記単層を析出することを含むことを特徴とする、方法。
- 銅、亜鉛及び錫単層の析出が各々、銅、亜鉛及び錫単層を電解析出することを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 上記金属メッキ組成の少なくとも一つには、次の一般化学式Iを有する二置換ベンゼン化合物であって、
- R1及びR2が、COOH、COOCH2CH2OH、COOCH2CH3、COOCH3、NH2、CHOから成る群から選択される、又は、共に構成部分CO-NH-SO2を形成し、上記構成部分はベンゼン環に対してオルト位に位置するように結合される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 上記金属メッキ組成のうちの一つが、水溶性銅塩、支持電解液、バッファ系及び錯化剤を含む銅メッキ組成であって、更に上記金属メッキ組成のうちの一つが、水溶性亜鉛塩及び支持電解液を含む亜鉛メッキ組成であって、更に上記金属メッキ組成のうちの一つが、水溶液錫塩、支持電解液及び錫(II)種用抗酸化剤を含む錫メッキ組成である、請求項18〜21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 上記単層の少なくとも一つへの少なくとも一つのカルコゲン析出が、上記単層の少なくとも一つを硫黄メッキ種で硫化すること、又は、上記銅−亜鉛−錫サンドイッチ層を、硫黄メッキ種と接触させることによって硫化すること、のいずれかを含む、請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 硫黄メッキ種が、硫黄単体、及び硫黄化合物を含有する還元性ガス体から成る群から選択される、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 上記単層の少なくとも一つへの少なくとも一つのカルコゲン析出が、サンドイッチ層上にセレン単層を析出することを含む、請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 上記単層の少なくとも一つへの少なくとも一つのカルコゲン析出が、サンドイッチ層を、セレン化合物を含有する還元性ガス体と接触させることによって当該サンドイッチ層をセレン化することを含む、請求項18〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 基板膜、任意のバリヤ層、導電性バック接点層、p−型吸収層、少なくとも一つのn−型バッファ層、及び少なくとも一つの窓層から成る薄膜太陽電池であって、
上記バリヤ層は、基板膜上に析出されて電気絶縁体として又は基板のいかなる構成体をもそこを通って拡散することを防ぐための拡散防壁として用いられ、
p−型吸収層は銅−亜鉛−錫合金から成り、更に少なくとも一つのカルコゲンを含み、且つ化学式CuxZnySnzSaを有し、その際xは1.5〜2.5、yは0.9〜1.5、zは0.5〜1.1、及びaは3.8〜4.2であるか、化学式CuxZnySnzSaSebを有し、その際xは1.5〜2.5、yは0.9〜1.5、zは0.5〜1.1、aは0.1〜4.2、及びbは0.1〜4.2である、太陽電池。 - 化学式CuxZnySnzSaSebを有する銅−亜鉛−錫合金において、xは1.5〜2.5、yは0.9〜1.5、zは0.5〜1.1、aは0.1〜4.2、及びbは0.1〜4.2である、合金。
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KR101500858B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-12 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | 전착법을 이용한 주석 박막 및 태양전지 광흡수층용 czts 기반 박막의 제조방법 |
JP2016540893A (ja) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-12-28 | ウミコレ・ガルファノテフニック・ゲーエムベーハー | 電解質からの銅−スズ及び銅−スズ−亜鉛合金の析出 |
WO2016013670A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 化合物薄膜太陽電池、化合物薄膜太陽電池の製造方法、および、光吸収層 |
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ATE516388T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
EP2032743B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
CN101522954A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
EP2037006A3 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
PT2037006E (pt) | 2011-08-24 |
US20090205714A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
EP2336394B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
ATE486156T1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
US9263609B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
EP2037006B9 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
DE602007010141D1 (de) | 2010-12-09 |
EP2336394A3 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
CN101522954B (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
ES2369431T3 (es) | 2011-11-30 |
EP2032743A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
EP2336394A2 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
WO2007134843A3 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
WO2007134843A2 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
EP2037006A2 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
EP2037006B1 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
ES2547566T3 (es) | 2015-10-07 |
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