JP2009208033A - Sorting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive sorting apparatus increasing a sorting accuracy. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of sets of an inclined screen 6 having a downward pitch from one side toward the other side, an upward flow-producing means 8 producing the upward flow in a tank 2, and a suction means 9 suctioning a flotage floating in a fluid by the upward flow from an opening looking down 9a upward are provided in the tank 2, the inclined screen 6 having screen meshes 6a, 6b, 6c, ..., respectively between each upward flow-producing means 8 and each suction means 9. A mixture D in which objects different in specific gravity mix is charged into one end of the tank 2 to sort from the mixture D an object able to be suctioned B which is suctioned by the suction means 9 getting upon the upward flow, and a deposit A which descends on the inclined screen 6, drops from the other end of the inclined screen 6, and precipitates in the tank 2. The suction power by the suction means 9 is increased gradually from one end toward the other end, and the screen meshes 6a, 6b, 6c, ... of the inclined screen 6 are enlarged gradually from one end toward the other end. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wet sorting apparatus that sorts a mixture of various wastes such as various kinds of wastes in a water tank based on the difference in specific gravity.

  As a sorter for a mixture utilizing the difference in specific gravity, a wet sorter that floats and settles a mixture in a water tank due to the difference in specific gravity is used in various fields.

For example, the wet sorting apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is used in an aggregate recovery facility included in concrete, which is a construction waste material, and removes wooden pieces and plastic pieces mixed in the aggregate.
The building waste concrete is crushed by a crusher (not shown), and a relatively large foreign matter is removed by manual sorting. Then, the crushed material is sieved according to the particle size and is put into the wet sorting apparatus 1. It is like that.
In addition, since the fine foreign material is removed in this sieving, the fine foreign material is not included in the crushed material put into the wet sorter 1.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the wet sorting apparatus 1 has a basket 3 with an upper surface opening soaked in water in a water tank 2 that is suspended in a vertically movable manner. As shown in FIG. 4, The vertical partition plate 4 is partitioned into a plurality of rows in the width direction (depth direction shown in FIG. 3).

  The mixture D of crushed materials is put into the respective rows in the water tank 2 through the chutes 5 for each sieved size.

  In addition, an inclined screen 6 is provided at the bottom of the basket 3 so as to be inclined downward from a supply-side end 3a on one end side where the mixture D is introduced to a discharge-side end 3b on the other end side. The inclined screen 6 has many holes through which water flows between the front and back sides. Further, vibration is applied to the inclined screen 6 by the vibration generating means 7 through the basket 3.

In the middle of the inclination of the inclined screen 6, an upward flow generating pipe (upward flow generating means) 8 that opens upward in the water tank 2 and a suction pipe (suction means) 9 that opens downward are provided.
The upflow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 are provided in each row in the basket 3 partitioned by the partition plate 4, and the opening 8a of the upflow generation pipe 8 and the opening 9a of the suction pipe 9 are inclined screens. Opposite diagonally across 6. The distance between the openings 8a and 9a is set to a distance at which the upward flow does not decay.

At the discharge side end 3b of the basket 3, the lower end side of the inclined screen 6 is opened. At the bottom of the water tank 2 on the discharge side end 3b side, a discharge screw 11 for discharging the sediment is provided.
Moreover, the conveyor 10 which scoops up the floating material C on the water surface is provided near the water surface of the discharge | emission side edge part 3b.

  The upward flow generation pipe 8 has a function of generating an upward flow in the water in the water tank 2, and the suction pipe 9 has a function of sucking a floating substance floating in water by the upward flow upward from the downward opening. have.

  Of the mixture D put into each row of the basket 3, heavy specific gravity such as aggregate quickly settles on the inclined screen 6 and moves to the discharge side end portion 3 b side while descending on the inclined screen 6. To go. The sediment A sinks to the bottom of the water tank 2 from the open discharge end 3b on the lower end side, and is collected by the rotating discharge screw 11.

Further, among the wood pieces and plastic pieces contained in the mixture D, the medium to light specific gravity having a specific gravity greater than 1 slowly settles and moves downward on the inclined screen 6, and in the middle from the upward flow generating pipe 8. It floats in water by the upward flow, and is sucked into the suction pipe 9 as a suckable substance B and discharged to the outside.
Further, the light specific gravity having a specific gravity smaller than 1 floats on the water surface, moves to the discharge end 3b side, is scooped up by the conveyor 10 and discharged outside.

  In addition, since the inclined screen 6 is vibrated, the medium and light specific gravity material is naturally on the upper side due to vibration even if it is below the heavy specific gravity material having a large specific gravity, and can be reliably suspended by the upward flow. it can.

In addition, some heavy specific gravity may float in the water due to the upward flow from the upward flow generation pipe 8 while moving downward on the inclined screen 6. However, since the heavy specific gravity having a large specific gravity cannot ride on the upward upward flow toward the suction pipe 9, the heavy specific gravity settles on the inclined screen 6.
Further, even if the heavy specific gravity is carried by the flow and sucked by the suction tube 9, the suction tube 9 opens downward and is inclined upward from the opening 9a. It exceeds the (suction force) and settles again on the lower inclined screen 6 (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2007-167835 A

In the conventional wet sorting apparatus 1, sieving is performed in advance before the mixture D is put into the basket 3 of the water tank 2.
That is, since the mixture D is separately put into each row in the basket 3 in a state of being sized to some extent, the sorting accuracy with a predetermined specific gravity as a classification point is improved.

  This is because, if the size of the mixture D is the same, the buoyancy that the mixture D is subjected to by the upward flow is almost equal, and if the buoyancy is equal, only the difference in specific gravity of the material is reflected and the self-weight sedimentation due to the difference in specific gravity. This is because medium to light specific gravity tends to rise and heavy specific gravity tends to settle due to the difference in force.

If the mixture D is thrown into the wet sorting apparatus 1 without sizing, for example, a small-sized heavy specific gravity material and a large-sized medium / light specific gravity material are sucked into the same suction pipe 9. Can occur.
This is because the smaller the size of an object, the smaller the buoyancy received by the upward flow, but the smaller the size, the greater the settling force due to its own weight, even if it is a heavy specific gravity object.

  In this case, since the sorting accuracy is lowered, sizing the mixture D before being put into the basket 3 is a very important factor for increasing the sorting accuracy.

  However, the provision of the sieving step of the mixture D causes a problem of high costs such as an increase in equipment cost, an increase in equipment weight, and accompanying strength of the gantry, and an increase in electricity cost related to driving power.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the sorting accuracy with an inexpensive apparatus.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an inclined screen that forms a downward gradient from one end to the other end in a water tank, and an upward flow generating means for generating an upward flow in a fluid filled in the water tank. And a plurality of suction means for sucking the suspended matter floating in the fluid in the upward flow upward from the downward opening along the downward gradient, the inclined screen includes the upward flow generation means and the suction A mixture having different sieves each having a sieve mesh is introduced into one end of the water tank filled with fluid, and the mixture is sucked by the suction means on the upward flow In a sorting apparatus that sorts a suckable material and a sediment that falls on the inclined screen and falls from the other end of the inclined screen and settles in the water tank, the suction force by each of the suction means is applied from the one end. Towards the serial other end is gradually increased, the sieve of the inclined screen, employing a gradually increasing with the structures towards the other end from the one end.

  In this case, since the sieving can be performed by the inclined screen itself provided in the water tank of the sorting device, it is not necessary to provide a separate sieving step for the mixture. For this reason, the sorting accuracy can be increased with an inexpensive apparatus.

That is, in this sorting apparatus, when the mixture is fed without performing sizing, for example, a small-size heavy specific gravity material and a large-sized medium / light specific gravity material are mixed in the same basket.
Although the small specific gravity is small in buoyancy due to the upward flow, it falls below the inclined screen through the sieve mesh, so only the large medium specific gravity is sucked into the suction pipe, and the small specific gravity is small. Objects can be prevented from being aspirated.

Further, the sieve mesh of the inclined screen gradually increases along the descending gradient, and the suction force by the suction means also gradually increases.
For this reason, the medium to light specific gravity sucked into the suction pipe can be gradually increased in specific gravity toward the lower gradient. Correspondingly, heavy specific gravity of a size that is likely to be sucked into the same suction pipe falls below the inclined screen through a slightly larger sieve than the sieve at the top of the gradient, so it is not sucked into the suction pipe Can be.

  The inclined screen is preferably provided with vibrations by vibration generating means.

  In this invention, the suction force by a plurality of suction means is gradually increased toward the lower slope of the inclined screen, and the screen of the inclined screen is also gradually increased. Can do.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The wet sorting apparatus 20 shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2 is used for the collection | recovery facility of the aggregate contained in a building waste material.
The building waste material is crushed by a crusher (not shown), and after relatively large foreign matter is removed by manual sorting, they are wet-sorted as a mixture D without passing through a sieving process according to the particle size. The device 20 is inserted.

The main configuration of the wet sorting apparatus 20 is the same as that of the conventional example.
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a basket 3 having an upper surface opening that is immersed in water in a water tank 2 is provided. The basket 3 may be movable up and down so that it can be taken in and out of the water tank 2. Further, since the basket 3 is provided with the vibration generating means 7, vibration is applied to the inclined screen 6. Note that it is possible to use a fluid other than water.

  In the basket 3, the installation of the vertical partition plate 4 provided in the conventional example is omitted. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the interior of the basket 3 is an integral space that is not partitioned in the width direction, and the mixture D of crushed material passes through the chute 5 without passing through a sieving step. It is designed to be thrown into a single space.

In addition, an inclined screen 6 is provided at the bottom of the basket 3 so as to form a downward gradient from the supply-side end 3a on one end side where the mixture D is introduced toward the discharge-side end 3b on the other end side.
The inclined screen 6 is composed of a mesh-like plate material having sieve meshes 6a, 6b, 6c over the entire surface. The water flow can pass through the inclined screen 6 in the front and back direction through the holes of the sieve meshes 6a, 6b and 6c.

  In the middle of the inclination of the inclined screen 6, a total of three sets of upward flow generating pipes (upward flow generating means) 8 opening upward in the water tank 2 and suction pipes (suction means) 9 opening downward are provided. ing. The three sets of the upflow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals from the supply side end 3a side to the discharge side end 3b side along a descending gradient.

The opening 8a of each upward flow generating tube 8 and the opening 9a of each suction tube 9 are opposed to each other in an oblique direction with the inclined screen 6 therebetween. The distance between the openings 8a and 9a is set to a distance at which the upward flow does not decay.
Note that the opening 8a of the upward flow generation tube 8 and the opening 9a of the suction tube 9 may be opposed to each other in the vertical direction.

The sizes of the sieve meshes 6a, 6b, 6c of the inclined screen 6 are different for each installation location of the three sets of the upflow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9.
Specifically, the size of the eyes is set to gradually increase in three steps from the upper gradient portion of the inclined screen 6 toward the lower gradient portion.

  For example, in an area of a constant width sandwiched between the upflow generating pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 positioned at the uppermost part, the size of the sieve mesh is 5 mm, and the upflow generating pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 positioned in the middle In the area of constant width sandwiched between, the size of the sieve mesh is 10 mm, and in the area of constant width sandwiched between the upflow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 located at the lowermost part, the size of the sieve mesh is It can be set to 20 mm. The size of the sieve mesh can be freely set according to the content and size of the input raw material.

  Further, as another configuration, a configuration in which the size of the sieve mesh gradually increases in a stepless manner within a range from 5 mm to 40 mm, for example, as it goes from the upper gradient portion to the lower gradient portion of the inclined screen 6 may be adopted. .

  The operation of the wet sorting device 20 will be described. This “mixture D” includes extremely small, medium, large and heavy specific gravity (concrete pieces) and small, medium and large medium and light specific gravity (wood pieces, plastic pieces, etc.) Shall be mixed.

First, an area having a constant width sandwiched between the upward flow generating pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 located at the uppermost part will be described.
In this area, the screen 6a of the inclined screen 6 is set to be the smallest of the entire screen area, and the speed of the upward flow by the upward flow generation pipe 8 and the magnitude of the suction force by the suction pipe 9 are both the largest. It is set small.

  Here, since the “ultra-small size specific gravity” has a small volume, the buoyancy received by the upward flow is small, but its particle size is smaller than the size of the mesh of the sieve mesh 6a. It falls below the inclined screen 6 through the eyes 6a. If it falls below the inclined screen 6, the suction force of the suction pipe 9 will not reach.

In addition, since the particle size is larger and the specific gravity is smaller than the “ultra-small size heavy specific gravity (sediment E)” above the inclined screen 6, the “minimal size heavy specific gravity (sediment E)”. The “small-sized medium and light specific gravity” having the same settling force is sucked into the suction tube 9 as “suckable material B”.
This is because the “small-sized medium to light specific gravity (suctionable material B)” has a particle size that cannot pass through the sieve mesh 6a, and more than the “minimal size heavy specific gravity (sediment E)”. This is because the particle size is relatively large and is easily affected by upward flow.

At this time, since the inclined screen 6 is vibrated by the vibration generating means 7, the “minimal size heavy specific gravity (sediment E)” easily passes through the sieve mesh 6 a.
In this embodiment, the upward flow generating pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 located at the uppermost part are located at the lowermost part of the range where the sieve mesh 6a is provided. After the passage of the sediment E) ”through the sieve mesh 6a is completed, the suction of the“ small-sized medium-to-light specific gravity material (suctionable material B) ”is performed. Similarly, the upward flow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 located in the middle of the gradient and the upward flow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 located at the lowermost part are respectively provided with sieve meshes 6b and 6c. It is located at the bottom of the range.

  The remaining “mixture D”, except for “small-sized medium to light specific gravity (suctionable material B)” and “very small-sized heavy specific gravity (sediment E)”, descends on the inclined screen 6 along the downward gradient. I will do it.

Next, a fixed width area sandwiched between the upflow generating pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 located in the middle of the gradient will be described.
In this area, the screen 6b of the inclined screen 6 is set to be slightly larger than the screen 6a, and the speed of the upward flow generated by the upward flow generation tube 8 and the magnitude of the suction force generated by the suction tube 9 are also in the upper part of the gradient. The upward flow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 are set slightly larger.

  In this area, “small-size heavy specific gravity” falls below the inclined screen 6 through the sieve mesh 6b as “sediment E ′”. If it falls below the inclined screen 6, the suction force of the suction pipe 9 will not reach. The “small-size heavy specific gravity (sediment E ′)” has a particle size that cannot pass through the sieve mesh 6a but can pass through the sieve mesh 6b.

Further, since the particle size is larger and the specific gravity is smaller than that of the “small size heavy specific gravity (sediment E ′)” above the inclined screen 6, the “small size heavy specific gravity (sediment E ′). “Medium-sized medium and light specific gravity” having a settling force equivalent to “)” is sucked into the suction tube 9 as “suckable material B ′”.
This means that “medium-sized medium to light specific gravity (suctionable material B ′)” has a particle size that cannot pass through the sieve mesh 6b, and is smaller than the “small-sized heavy specific gravity (sediment E ′)”. This is because the particle size is relatively large and is easily affected by upward flow.

  The remaining “mixture D” excluding the “medium-sized medium to light specific gravity (suckable material B ′)” and “small-size heavy specific gravity (sediment E ′)” is inclined to the inclined screen 6 along the descending gradient. Going down.

Finally, an area having a constant width sandwiched between the upward flow generating pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 located at the bottom will be described.
In this area, the screen 6c of the inclined screen 6 is set larger than the screen 6b, and the speed of the upward flow by the upward flow generation tube 8 and the magnitude of the suction force by the suction tube 9 are also in the middle. The upward flow generation pipe 8 and the suction pipe 9 that are positioned are set to be larger.

  In this area, the “medium-sized heavy specific gravity” falls below the inclined screen 6 through the sieve mesh 6 c as “sediment E”. If it falls below the inclined screen 6, the suction force of the suction pipe 9 will not reach. The “medium-size heavy specific gravity (sediment E”) ”has a particle diameter that cannot pass through the sieve mesh 6b but can pass through the sieve mesh 6c.

In addition, since the particle size is larger and the specific gravity is smaller than the “medium size heavy specific gravity (sediment E”) above the inclined screen 6, the “medium size heavy specific gravity (sediment E”). “Large-sized medium and light specific gravity” having a settling force equivalent to “)” is sucked into the suction tube 9 as “suckable material B ″”.
This is because the “large-sized medium to light specific gravity (suctionable material B ″)” has a particle size that cannot pass through the sieve mesh 6c, and is larger than the “medium-sized heavy specific gravity (sediment E ″)”. This is because the particle size is relatively large and is easily affected by upward flow.

  The remaining “mixture D” excluding the “large-sized medium to light specific gravity (suckable material B ″)” and “medium-sized heavy specific gravity (sediment E”) ”, that is,“ large-sized heavy specific gravity "Descends on the inclined screen 6 along a downward gradient, and falls as" precipitate A "from the discharge side end 3b of the inclined screen 6 to the bottom of the water tank 2.

  “Large-size heavy specific gravity (sediment A)” is sorted and recovered by the discharge screw 11 rotating at the bottom of the water tank 2 together with the “sediment E, E ′, E”, which is also a heavy specific gravity. The

In this embodiment, a total of three sets of the upward flow generation means 8 and the suction means 9 are arranged, but the number of sets may be, for example, two sets, four sets, five sets, or more.
In any case, the strength of the upward flow by the upward flow generation means 8 and the strength of the suction force by the suction means 9 are set to gradually increase as the gradient of the inclined screen 6 is lowered. Further, the size of the sieve meshes 6a, 6b, 6c,... Of the inclined screen 6 is set to gradually increase as the gradient is lowered.

In this embodiment, the upward flow generating pipe 8 that opens upward as the upward flow generating means 8 and the suction pipe 9 that opens downward as the suction means 9 are employed.
These upflow generation means 8 and suction means 9 are not limited to the tubular devices shown in these embodiments, but are well-known means for generating a flow in the fluid in the water tank 2 or a suction force. Any known means can be employed.

Front view of one embodiment Side view of FIG. Front view of conventional example Side view of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,20 Wet sorter 2 Water tank 3 Basket 4 Partition plate 5 Chute 6 Inclined screens 6a, 6b, 6c Sieve 7 Vibration generating means 8 Upflow generating means (upflow generating pipe)
9 Suction means (suction tube)
10 Conveyor 11 Discharge screw A Sediment B Suctionable material C Floating material D Mixture E Sediment

Claims (2)

In the water tank 2, the inclined screen 6 that forms a downward gradient from one end to the other end, the upward flow generating means 8 that generates an upward flow in the fluid filled in the water tank 2, and the upward flow into the fluid. A plurality of sets of suction means 9 for sucking floating suspended matter upward from the downward opening 9 a are provided along the descending slope, and the inclined screen 6 is provided between each of the upward flow generating means 8 and each of the suction means 9. Each having a sieve mesh 6a, 6b, 6c,... And a mixture D in which objects having different specific gravity are mixed is introduced into one end of the water tank 2 filled with fluid, and the mixture D is put on the upward flow. In the sorting apparatus for sorting the suckable material B sucked by the suction means 9 and the sediment A that falls on the inclined screen 6 and falls from the other end of the inclined screen 6 and settles in the water tank 2;
The suction force by each suction means 9 is gradually increased from the one end toward the other end, and the sieve meshes 6a, 6b, 6c,... Of the inclined screen 6 are moved from the one end toward the other end. Sorting device characterized by gradually increasing size.   The sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inclined screen is provided with vibration by a vibration generating unit.

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