JP2009247078A - Commutator motor, blower, and electric cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a commutator motor which is improved in the accuracy of a position of a magnetic field core, shortened in the circumferential length of a magnetic field winding, suppressed in the heat generation of the magnetic field winding, high in efficiency, and low in price. <P>SOLUTION: In the commutator motor 100, the commutator motor 100 comprises: a cylindrical frame 9 opened at the end in the axial direction; a magnetic field system 40 fixed in the frame 9, and having the magnetic field winding 5 and the magnetic field core 1; and an armature 50 rotatably accommodated in the magnetic field system 40. The magnetic field core 1 comprises: a pair of magnetic poles 2a, 2b which are arranged so as to oppose each other; one yoke 4; a pair of connecting parts 3a, 3b for connecting the pair of magnetic poles 2a, 2b and the yoke 4; and arc-shaped parts 1a which are formed at a plurality of places on the external peripheral face of the magnetic field core 1, and fixed to the frame 9. The commutator motor is characterized in that a magnetic circuit is formed in such a manner that the magnetic pole 2a, the connecting part 3a, the yoke 4, the connecting part 3b, the magnetic pole 2b, and the armature 50 are closed in this order. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a commutator motor mainly used in a blower mounted on a vacuum cleaner or the like.

In a generator in which an armature coil is concentrated in one place of a two-part fixed armature core, the outer periphery of the armature core laminated with steel plates is welded at a position not interlinked with the main magnetic flux, and the steel plates are integrated. There has been proposed an armature core of a generator in which a pin for positioning with respect to a receiving hole of a housing is press-fitted so as to prevent a tip from coming into contact with a hole formed in advance at the time of forming a steel plate from both sides in the stacking direction (for example, see Patent Document 1) .
Japanese Utility Model Publication No.58-145044

  However, when the armature core of the generator of Patent Document 1 is fixed to the housing, the armature core is positioned by inserting a positioning pin into the receiving hole of the housing, and the armature core is paired with the housing. It is clamped and fixed with bolts. Since there is a gap between the receiving hole of the housing and the positioning pin, the position accuracy of the armature core is not sufficient. Therefore, when the rotation speed of the rotor is increased, there is a problem that the armature core and the rotor may come into contact in the worst case.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. The accuracy of the position of the field core is improved, the circumference of the field winding is shortened, and the heat generation of the field winding is suppressed. An object of the present invention is to provide a commutator motor with high efficiency and low cost and a blower using the same.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum cleaner with good operability by lowering the center of gravity of the commutator motor.

The commutator motor according to the present invention includes a cylindrical frame having an axial end opening, a field fixed in the frame, having a field winding and a field core, and rotating inside the field. In a commutator motor comprising an armature that is freely stored,
Field iron core
A pair of magnetic poles disposed opposite to each other;
One yoke part,
A pair of connecting portions for connecting the pair of magnetic pole portions and the yoke portion;
Provided at a plurality of locations on the outer peripheral surface of the field core, and a fixed portion fixed to the frame,
A magnetic circuit closed in the order of one magnetic pole part, one connecting part, a yoke part, the other connecting part, the other magnetic pole part, and the armature is formed.

  In the commutator motor according to the present invention, since the fixing portions provided at a plurality of locations on the outer peripheral surface of the field core are fixed to the frame, the accuracy of the position of the field core is improved and the rotation speed of the armature is increased. Even in this case, contact between the field and the armature can be avoided.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIGS. 1 to 3 are diagrams showing the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the blower 200, and FIG. FIG.

  In FIG. 1, the commutator motor 100 includes at least a field 40, an armature 50, and a frame 9. As will be described later, the commutator electric motor 100 further includes a bracket 10 (see FIG. 2) and bearings 12a and 12b (see FIG. 2) that form an outline together with the frame 9.

  The field 40 includes at least a field iron core 1 and a field winding 5.

  The armature 50 includes at least an armature core 6, an armature winding 7, and an output shaft 8.

  The field iron core 1 includes a pair of magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b arranged opposite to each other, one yoke portion 4, and a pair of connecting portions 3a and 3b that connect the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b and the yoke portion 4 to each other. Is provided. The field iron core 1 has a substantially horseshoe shape as a whole. The field iron core 1 is formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates (for example, having a thickness of about 0.1 to 1.0 mm).

  The yoke portion 4 having a substantially straight portion is provided with a field winding 5, and a field magnetic flux is generated by passing a current through the field winding 5.

  A frame 9 made of aluminum, which is a nonmagnetic material, is provided on the outer periphery of the field core 1. The frame 9 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and one end in the axial direction is open (see FIG. 2). The frame 9 is not limited to a cylindrical shape but may be a cylindrical shape.

  Four arc portions 1 a (an example of a fixed portion) are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the field core 1. In the example of FIG. 1, the arc portion 1 a is provided at one place on each of the magnetic pole portions 2 a and 2 b and at two places on the yoke portion 4. However, the number of the circular arc parts 1a is not limited to four places. It only has to be in multiple places. The circular arc part 1a should just be a shape which can be fixed to the flame | frame 9.

  The field iron core 1 is supported and fixed to the frame 9 by, for example, four circular arc portions 1a by press-fitting. A space between the circular arc portions 1 a on the outer peripheral surface of the field core 1 is substantially flat, and a space 15 is formed between the field core 1 and the frame 9.

  In FIG. 1, the field core 1 is symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis. Since the field iron core 1 has a substantially horseshoe shape with one yoke portion 4 for each of the pair of magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b and the coupling portions 3a and 3b, the field iron core 1 has an asymmetric shape with respect to the horizontal axis. . Since the field core 1 is asymmetric with respect to the horizontal axis, the space 15 between the outer periphery of the field core 1 and the inner periphery of the frame 9 is also asymmetric with respect to the horizontal axis.

  An armature 50 is provided on the inner periphery of the field iron core 1 with a gap 14 therebetween. Magnetic pole part 2a (one magnetic pole part), connecting part 3a (one connecting part), yoke part 4, connecting part 3b (the other connecting part), magnetic pole part 2b (the other magnetic pole part), armature 50 in this order A closed magnetic circuit is formed.

  The armature 50 includes at least an armature core 6, an armature winding 7, and an output shaft 8. Similarly to the field core 1, the armature core 6 is also formed by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheets (for example, having a thickness of about 0.1 to 1.0 mm). An armature winding 7 is provided in the slots 6a (22 in the example of FIG. 1) of the armature core 6, and the armature winding 7 is connected to a commutator 13 (see FIG. 2). An output shaft 8 is provided at the center of the armature core 6. For example, by attaching a blade 11 (see FIG. 2) to the output shaft 8, a blower 200 (see FIG. 2, the blower 200 is used in, for example, a vacuum cleaner. Is configured.

  When an AC voltage is applied to the commutator motor 100, the current flows through the field winding 5 to one brush (described later) that contacts the commutator 13. A current flows through the armature winding 7 by the sliding contact between the brush and the commutator 13. The current flowing through the armature winding 7 flows through the other brush, thereby generating a field magnetic flux and an armature magnetic flux, and the commutator motor 100 generates torque.

  In the commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment, a field winding 5 is applied to a substantially rectangular yoke portion 4. By winding the field winding 5 around the yoke portion 4 that is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, the winding circumference is shorter than when the field winding 5 is wound around the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b. In addition, since the aligned winding in which the field windings 5 are arranged in a bowl shape can be easily realized, the resistance of the winding resistance can be reduced, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 with reduced copper loss is obtained. be able to.

  Further, the structure in which the length of the straight portion 4a of the yoke portion 4 (the length in the left-right direction in FIG. 1) is long reduces the number of stages of the field windings 5 arranged in a bowl shape (the number of stages of the bowl). The fact that the number of stages is reduced means that the circumference of the field winding 5 is shortened, so that a more efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  In the present embodiment, an aluminum frame 9 is used. For example, when an iron frame 9 that is a magnetic body is used, the field magnetic flux generated by the field winding 5 disposed in the space 15 between the yoke portion 4 and the frame 9 is made of iron that is a magnetic body. Leaks to the frame 9 side. Therefore, in order to obtain the torque required for the commutator motor 100, it is necessary to increase the current flowing through the commutator motor 100, and there is a problem that the efficiency of the commutator motor 100 is reduced.

  Here, the leakage flux of the field magnetic flux generated by the field winding 5 is not generated by using the non-magnetic aluminum frame 9. Therefore, a highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Although the aluminum frame 9 which is a non-magnetic material is used here, the same effect can be obtained by using a frame 9 made of other non-magnetic material such as resin or stainless steel.

  Further, when the aluminum frame 9 is used, the weight is reduced as compared with the iron frame 9, and thus the weight of the commutator motor 100 can be reduced.

  When the blades 11 are attached to the output shaft 8 of the commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment to configure the blower 200, the gap (space) between the field core 1 and the frame 9 becomes an air path. In particular, when used as a blower 200 for a vacuum cleaner, the number of rotations per minute of the blades 11 is 36,000 rpm or more, so the flowing wind is about 20 to 30 meters per second, which is very high speed.

  In the commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment, the field iron core 1 has a substantially horseshoe-shaped asymmetric shape (with respect to the horizontal axis in FIG. 1), so that the space 15 formed on the outer peripheral side of the yoke portion 4 is wide. Become. Therefore, it becomes easy for the wind to flow around the field winding 5 applied to the yoke portion 4. Although the field winding 5 generates heat due to the current flowing in the field winding 5, the wind easily flows around the field winding 5, so that the temperature rise due to the heat generation of the field winding 5 can be suppressed. . When the temperature of the field winding 5 is lowered, the winding resistance of the field winding 5 is lowered, so that the copper loss is reduced and the highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Moreover, the temperature of a brush can be made low by arrange | positioning a brush to the air path in the flame | frame 9. FIG. The material of the brush is often a graphite-based material mainly composed of carbon, but by suppressing the temperature rise of the brush, high efficiency is achieved by reducing resistance, and brush wear due to temperature rise Thus, a long-life commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the blower 200. The blower 200 includes at least the commutator motor 100, the blades 11, and the fan cover 11a.

  The commutator motor 100 includes at least a field 40, an armature 50, bearings 12 a and 12 b, a frame 9, and a bracket 10.

  As described above, the field magnet 40 has a pair of magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b arranged opposite to each other, one yoke portion 4, and a pair of couplings connecting the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b and the yoke portion 4. A field iron core 1 having parts 3a and 3b and a field winding 5 applied to the yoke part 4 are provided.

  The armature 50 has an armature core 6, an armature winding 7, and an output shaft 8.

  Bearings 12 a and 12 b are provided in the vicinity of both ends of the output shaft 8 of the armature 50.

  The field 40 is pressed into the frame 9 and fixed. The armature 50 having the bearings 12a and 12b attached in the vicinity of both ends of the output shaft 8 is inserted into the field 40 from the bearing 12b side. The bracket 10 is attached to the opening of the frame 9, and the bearing 12 a is supported by the bracket 10. Further, the blade 11 is fixed to the end of the output shaft 8 that protrudes from the bracket 10 to the outside. Further, a fan cover 11 a is attached to the outside of the blade 11. The blower 200 is completed through the above steps. The frame 9 may have a configuration in which both ends in the axial direction are open and the bracket 10 is attached to each opening.

  For example, when the blower 200 is mounted on a device such as a vacuum cleaner, the direction of the blower 200 is such that the yoke portion 4 of the field core 1 is at the bottom and the armature 50 is at the top, as shown in FIG. Deploy.

  As described above, since the yoke portion 4 of the field core 1 is located under the armature 50 and the yoke portion 4 of the field core 1 is not present above the armature 50, the symmetrical rectification that is not substantially horseshoe-shaped. Compared to the sub-motor, commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment has a lower center of gravity.

  When using a vacuum cleaner due to its low center of gravity, the vacuum cleaner body is less likely to tip over during cleaning work, improving operability and maneuverability, and obtaining a vacuum cleaner with good operability it can.

  Moreover, the weight reduction of the air blower 200 is realizable by using aluminum also for the material of the bracket 10 similarly to the flame | frame 9. FIG. For example, when the iron bracket 10 is used and the distance between the field winding 5 and the bracket 10 is shortened, the leakage magnetic flux at the end of the field winding 5 near the bracket 10 may flow to the bracket 10. is there. When leakage magnetic flux is generated in the bracket 10, the torque of the commutator motor 100 is reduced, which causes a problem that efficiency is deteriorated. Here, leakage flux is not generated by using the bracket 10 made of aluminum, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained. The material of the bracket 10 is preferably a non-magnetic material, but may be a magnetic material when separated from the field winding 5.

  Generally, copper wire is often used for the field winding 5 and the armature winding 7. In the commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment, the circumferential length of the field winding 5 is shorter than that of a commutator motor having a symmetrical field iron core. The resistance value of the field winding 5 in the commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment can be about ½ of the resistance value of the field winding 5 of the commutator motor in which the field iron core is symmetric. (The weight of the field winding 5 in the commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment can also be reduced to about ½ of the weight of the field winding 5 of the commutator motor in which the field iron core is symmetric) .

  Therefore, an aluminum wire having a high electrical resistivity can be used instead of the copper wire. The electrical resistivity of aluminum is about 1.6 times that of copper. The resistance value of the field winding 5 in the case of using an aluminum wire having the same circumference and diameter as that of the copper wire is about 0.8 (the resistance value of the field winding 5 of the commutator motor in which the field iron core is symmetric. 1/2 × 1.6 = 0.8) times, and the resistance value is reduced even when an aluminum wire is used. At this time, since the specific gravity of aluminum is about 1/3 of the specific gravity of copper, the weight of the field winding 5 in the case of using an aluminum wire is even smaller than the weight of about 1/2 (this embodiment) When the aluminum wire is used for the field winding 5 in the commutator motor 100 of the configuration, the weight of the field winding 5 of the commutator motor having a symmetrical field iron core is 1/2 × 1/3 = 0. 17 times).

  Thus, by using the aluminum wire, the winding weight is reduced, and the lightweight commutator motor 100 can be obtained. Furthermore, when this commutator motor 100 is mounted on a vacuum cleaner, the vacuum cleaner becomes lighter and a vacuum cleaner with better operability can be obtained.

  In FIG. 2, in the frame 9, there are a ventilation path A that mainly serves as an air passage for cooling the field winding 5 and a ventilation path B that serves as an air passage for mainly cooling the armature 50. It is formed.

  The ventilation path A in which the field winding 5 is arranged has a larger amount of heat generation than the ventilation path B in which the armature 50 is arranged, so that more outside air sucked by the blades 11 passes through the ventilation path B. The cooling efficiency of the commutator motor 100 can be improved.

  A modified commutator motor 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 1 is different from the commutator motor 100 of FIG. 1 in that an outer peripheral projection 16 extending toward the frame 9 is provided on a part of the yoke portion 4 (two places in FIG. 3). This is a point fixed to the frame 9 as an example of the fixing portion.

  The linear part 4b on the frame 9 side (outer side) of the field winding 5 applied to the yoke part 4 is provided with the connecting parts 3a and 3b. Therefore, the linear part 4a on the armature 50 side (inner side) In comparison, it is longer. Since the straight portion 4b is long, the field winding 5 provided between the frame 9 and the yoke portion 4 may be disturbed even if aligned winding is performed. When winding disturbance occurs, the winding circumference becomes long, resulting in a problem of high resistance and increased copper loss.

  Here, by providing the outer peripheral protrusion 16 and using the outer peripheral protrusion 16 as a wall when applying the field winding 5, the alignment of the field winding 5 is improved, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained. it can.

  Further, the circular arc portion 16a is provided at the outer peripheral end portion of the outer peripheral protrusion 16, and the position accuracy of the field core 1 is improved by increasing the number of fixing points with the frame 9, and the vibration and noise due to the displacement are suppressed. A noise commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the field winding 5 is wound around the yoke portion 4 having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, so that the winding is wound as compared with the case where the field winding 5 is wound around the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b. The perimeter is shortened. In addition, since the aligned winding in which the field windings 5 are arranged in a bowl shape can be easily realized, the resistance of the winding resistance can be reduced, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 with reduced copper loss is obtained. be able to.

  In addition, since the length of the straight portion 4a of the yoke portion 4 is long, the number of stages of the field windings 5 arranged in a bowl shape is reduced, so that the circumferential length of the field windings 5 is shortened. Furthermore, a highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Further, by using the aluminum frame 9 which is a non-magnetic material, the leakage flux of the field magnetic flux generated by the field winding 5 is not generated, so that the highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Further, the use of the aluminum frame 9 makes it possible to reduce the weight of the commutator motor 100 as compared to the case where the iron frame 9 is used.

  Moreover, since the field iron core 1 has a substantially horseshoe-shaped asymmetrical shape, the space 15 formed on the outer peripheral side of the yoke portion 4 is widened, so that the field winding 5 provided on the yoke portion 4 is surrounded by Wind can easily flow and temperature rise due to heat generated by the field winding 5 can be suppressed. When the temperature of the field winding 5 is lowered, the winding resistance of the field winding 5 is lowered, so that the copper loss is reduced and the highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  In addition, by arranging the brush in the air passage in the frame 9, by suppressing the temperature rise of the brush, it is possible to achieve high efficiency by reducing the resistance, and to suppress the wear of the brush due to the temperature rise, A long-life commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Further, since the yoke portion 4 of the field core 1 is provided under the armature 50 and the yoke portion 4 of the field core 1 is not present above the armature 50, a symmetrical commutator motor that is not substantially horseshoe-shaped. Compared to, the commutator motor 100 of the present embodiment has a lower center of gravity. When using a vacuum cleaner due to its low center of gravity, the vacuum cleaner body is less likely to tip over during cleaning work, improving operability and maneuverability, and obtaining a vacuum cleaner with good operability it can.

  Similarly to the frame 9, by using the bracket 10 made of aluminum, no leakage magnetic flux is generated, and the highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained. Furthermore, weight reduction of the air blower 200 is realizable by using aluminum also for the material of the bracket 10. FIG.

  Further, by using an aluminum wire for the field winding 5, the winding weight is reduced, and a lightweight commutator motor 100 can be obtained. Furthermore, when this commutator motor 100 is mounted on a vacuum cleaner, the vacuum cleaner becomes lighter and a vacuum cleaner with better operability can be obtained.

  Further, by providing an outer peripheral protrusion 16 extending toward the frame 9 on a part of the yoke portion 4 and using the outer peripheral protrusion 16 as a wall when applying the field winding 5, the alignment of the field winding 5 is improved. Thus, a highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Further, the circular arc portion 16a is provided at the outer peripheral end portion of the outer peripheral protrusion 16, and the position accuracy of the field core 1 is improved by increasing the number of fixing points with the frame 9, and the vibration and noise due to the displacement are suppressed. A noise commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
4 to 6 are diagrams showing the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the commutator motor 100. FIG. 5 is a control circuit diagram of the commutator motor 100. FIG. It is a cross-sectional view.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, a pair (two places) of connecting portions 3a, 3b of the field core 1 are provided with straight portions 3c having a substantially straight section, and the pair of connecting portions 3a, 3b Field windings 5a and 5b are applied. A field winding 5a is applied to the connecting portion 3a. Further, the field winding 5b is applied to the connecting portion 3b. A field winding may be applied to either one of the pair (two places) of connecting portions 3a and 3b of the field iron core 1. However, the yoke 4 may be divided into two field windings 5a and 5b.

  Further, FIG. 5 shows that an armature 50 is arranged between the two field windings 5a and 5b wound around each of the connecting portions 3a and 3b or the yoke portion 4 described in FIG. A control circuit in which a triac 20 for performing phase control is connected in series is shown. The armature 50 is connected to the field windings 5a and 5b via brushes 60a and 60b.

  The commutator motor 100 according to the present embodiment is operated at a rotational speed of 36,000 rpm or more per minute. The armature core 6 is provided with 22 slots 6a, and the commutator 13 is also provided with 22 commutator pieces (not shown). Since the rectification operation of the armature winding 7 is switched 22 times per rotation, the switching frequency is 36,000 rpm / 60 × 22 = 13, 200 Hz, the switching time is about 75 μsec, and the armature is very short. The current flowing through the winding 7 is rectified.

  The current flowing through the commutator motor 100 is about 10 to 12 A in terms of effective value. When this commutator motor 100 is mounted on a vacuum cleaner, current control (air flow control) by a phase control method using a triac 20 is performed to control the suction force of the vacuum cleaner.

  In the phase control method that controls on / off of the AC voltage every half cycle of the AC power supply 30, the current flowing through the commutator motor 100 rises sharply after the voltage is turned on. / Dt increases. In particular, when the phase angle during phase control is around 90 degrees, di / dt is the largest. When the current time change di / dt increases, at the rectification switching timing of the brushes 60a, 60b and the commutator 13, the sparks of the brushes 60a, 60b increase, and the wear of the brushes 60a, 60b increases. There is a problem that the life of the commutator motor 100 cannot be operated because 60b becomes a lifetime.

  In the present embodiment, the field windings are divided into two, and the armature 50 is arranged between the divided field windings 5a and 5b, so that the amount of sparks generated by the brushes 60a and 60b at the rectification switching timing is suppressed. In addition, the conduction noise to the AC power supply 30 can be suppressed.

  Further, since the field windings 5a and 5b are arranged in the connecting portions 3a and 3b of the field core 1, the time change of the magnetic flux at the tooth tips of the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b becomes smooth and the current time change becomes small. Thus, the sparks of the brushes 60a and 60b can be suppressed.

  Further, since the connecting portions 3a and 3b are shorter in length than the yoke portion 4, the number of stages when the field windings 5a and 5b are wound in a bowl shape increases, so that the field winding 5a is provided at one place. , 5b increases the winding circumference. Here, the field windings 5a and 5b are divided into two connecting portions 3a and 3b, so that an increase in the winding circumference can be suppressed, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 with small copper loss can be obtained. .

  Further, in the commutator motor 100 of the modification shown in FIG. 6, the tooth tip shapes of the magnetic pole portions 2a, 2b are the tooth tips 2a-2, 2b-2 at the portion close to the yoke portion 4 side and the tooth tips 2a at the far portion. -1 and 2b-1 are asymmetrical shapes, and the shape of the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2 at the close portions is made substantially parallel to the yoke portion 4, so that the magnetic teeth of the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2 The road is enlarged.

  By enlarging the magnetic path of the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2, the time change of the magnetic flux at the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2 of the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b can be further smoothed. Therefore, the long-life commutator motor 100 that further suppresses the sparks of the brushes 60a and 60b can be obtained.

  Moreover, since the shape of the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2 is substantially parallel to the yoke portion 4, the winding alignment when the field windings 5a and 5b are applied to the connecting portions 3a and 3b is improved. A highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained by reducing the winding circumference.

  In addition, the weight of the field windings 5a and 5b is reduced, so that the commutator motor 100 that is light and low in price can be obtained.

  In the commutator motor 100 of the modified example shown in FIG. 6, the field windings 5a and 5b are arranged in the connecting portions 3a and 3b, but the field windings 5a and 5b are applied to the yoke portion 4. Also good. You may give to connection part 3a, 3b and the yoke part 4 like Embodiment 3 mentioned later.

  Further, as in the first embodiment, the outer peripheral projection 16 may be provided on the connecting portions 3 a and 3 b, and the arc portion 16 a may be provided at the end of the outer peripheral projection 16.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the armature 50 is arranged between the two field windings 5a and 5b, the amount of sparks generated by the brushes 60a and 60b at the rectification switching timing is suppressed. Therefore, the long-life commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  In addition, since the field windings 5a and 5b are arranged in the connecting portions 3a and 3b of the field core 1, the time change of the magnetic flux at the tooth tips of the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b becomes smooth, and the sparks of the brushes 60a and 60b are prevented. Can be suppressed.

  Further, since the field windings 5a and 5b are divided and arranged in the two connecting portions 3a and 3b, an increase in the winding circumference can be suppressed, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 with small copper loss can be obtained.

  In addition, by enlarging the magnetic paths of the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2, the time variation of the magnetic flux at the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2 of the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b can be further smoothed. Furthermore, the long-life commutator motor 100 in which the sparks of the brushes 60a and 60b are suppressed can be obtained.

  Further, since the shapes of the tooth tips 2a-2 and 2b-2 are substantially parallel to the yoke portion 4, the winding alignment when the field windings 5a and 5b are applied to the connecting portions 3a and 3b is improved. A highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained by reducing the line circumference.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of commutator motor 100 showing the third embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, field windings 5c, 5a, 5b are applied to the yoke portion 4 and a pair (two places) of connecting portions 3a, 3b. A field winding 5 c is applied to the yoke portion 4. Further, the field winding 5a is applied to the connecting portion 3a. Further, the field winding 5b is applied to the connecting portion 3b.

  In order to shorten the peripheral length of the field winding, it is effective to provide a long and thin straight portion in the field core 1, but when the field core 1 is elongated, the magnetic flux density increases and the magnetic path length increases. There is a problem that the efficiency of the commutator motor 100 is significantly reduced.

  In the present embodiment, an increase in magnetic flux density is suppressed, and the field windings 5c, 5a, and 5b are separately wound around the yoke portion 4 and the two connecting portions 3a and 3b. Since the field windings 5c, 5a, 5b are divided into the yoke part 4 and the two connecting parts 3a, 3b, the number of stages when the field windings 5c, 5a, 5b are arranged in a bowl shape is reduced. Will be reduced. By reducing the number of stages, the winding circumference of the field windings 5c, 5a, 5b can be reduced, and the commutator motor 100 with high efficiency and low cost can be obtained.

  Further, since the space (area) for winding the field windings 5a, 5b, and 5c increases, a winding having a large wire diameter can be wound with the same number of turns. When the wire diameter is increased, the winding resistance is reduced, and a highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the field windings 5c, 5a, and 5b are divided and wound into the yoke portion 4 and the two connecting portions 3a and 3b. The number of stages when the 5a and 5b are arranged in a bowl shape is reduced, the winding circumference of the field windings 5c, 5a and 5b can be reduced, and a highly efficient and inexpensive commutator motor can be obtained.

  Further, since the space (area) for winding the field windings 5a, 5b and 5c is increased, a winding having a large wire diameter can be wound with the same number of turns, so that the winding resistance is reduced and high efficiency rectification is achieved. The child electric motor 100 can be obtained.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the fourth embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100.

  In the present embodiment, the field core 1 is divided between the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b and the connecting portions 3a and 3b, and the field windings 5a and 5b are applied to the pair (two places) of the connecting portions 3a and 3b. It is a thing.

  When the field iron core 1 is divided between the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b and the connecting portions 3a and 3b, the iron core 1c including the yoke portion 4 and the pair of connecting portions 3a and 3b has a simple U-shape.

  The U-shaped iron core 1c has a wide opening at the time of winding of the field windings 5a and 5b. Therefore, even if a simple and simple winding device / equipment is used, the field winding 5a , 5b can be realized. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the winding resistance of the field windings 5a and 5b and to obtain a highly efficient commutator motor 100 with reduced copper loss.

  Further, by dividing the field iron core 1, the iron core 1c including the pair of connecting portions 3a and 3b and the yoke portion 4 and the pair of magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b are separated from a roll material (hoop material) of another electromagnetic steel sheet. It can also be punched out. Since the material removal (yield) when punching the iron core from the electromagnetic steel sheet is improved, the amount of necessary electromagnetic steel sheet can be reduced, and the low-cost commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Further, by dividing the field iron core 1, it is possible to use a magnetic steel plate made of a different material with the iron core 1c including the pair of magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b and the pair of connecting portions 3a and 3b and the yoke portion 4. Become. The commutator motor 100 is operated at a rotational speed of 36000 rpm or more per minute, and 22 tooth portions 6b of the armature core 6 are configured, and 22 armature windings are disposed therein, Each armature winding is connected to 22 commutator pieces.

  Since the rectification operation of the armature current is performed 22 times per revolution, the field current flowing in the field winding connected in series with the armature also has a pulsating component of 22 times per revolution. The magnitude of the magnetic flux in the teeth 6b of the core 6 also pulsates 22 times per revolution. The pulsation frequency at this time is 36000/60 × 22 = 13200 Hz or more. As a result, the iron loss generated in the armature 50 is dominated by eddy current loss, and the commutator motor 100 with reduced iron loss can be obtained by using a thin electromagnetic steel sheet.

  In addition, the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b of the field 40 are opposite to the armature core 6 (near the inner peripheral surface) because the tooth portions 6b of the armature core 6 facing each other are switched 22 times per rotation. Eddy current loss tends to increase due to the effect of magnetic flux pulsating at high frequency.

  Here, the armature core 6 and the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b of the field 40 are made of, for example, thin electromagnetic steel sheets having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.35 mm, and are composed of the connecting portions 3a and 3b and the yoke portion 4. The iron core 1c can obtain the highly efficient and low-cost commutator motor 100 with reduced iron loss by using, for example, a magnetic steel sheet having a thickness of 0.35 to 1 mm.

  In the present embodiment, the example in which the field windings 5a and 5b are applied to the pair of connecting portions 3a and 3b has been described. However, the field winding may be applied to the yoke portion 4 or the connecting portions 3a and 3b. The same effect can be obtained even if it is applied to both 3b and the yoke part 4.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the U-shaped iron core 1c has a wide opening at the time of winding of the field windings 5a and 5b, and thus a simple and simple winding device.・ Even if equipment is used, aligned winding of the field windings 5a and 5b can be realized, so that the resistance of the field windings 5a and 5b can be reduced, and the copper loss is reduced. A highly efficient commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  Further, by dividing the field iron core 1, the iron core 1c including the pair of connecting portions 3a and 3b and the yoke portion 4 and the pair of magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b are separated from a roll material (hoop material) of another electromagnetic steel sheet. It is also possible to punch, and the material removal (yield) when punching the iron core from the electromagnetic steel sheet is improved, so that the amount of necessary electromagnetic steel sheet can be reduced and the inexpensive commutator motor 100 can be obtained.

  The armature core 6 and the magnetic pole portions 2a and 2b of the field 40 are made of, for example, thin electromagnetic steel sheets having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.35 mm, and are composed of connecting portions 3a and 3b and a yoke portion 4. The iron core 1c can obtain the highly efficient and low-cost commutator motor 100 with reduced iron loss by using, for example, a magnetic steel sheet having a thickness of 0.35 to 1 mm.

FIG. 3 shows the first embodiment and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100. FIG. 5 shows the first embodiment, and is a longitudinal sectional view of the blower 200. FIG. 5 shows the first embodiment and is a cross-sectional view of a commutator motor 100 according to a modification. FIG. 5 shows the second embodiment and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the second embodiment and is a control circuit diagram of the commutator motor 100. It is a figure which shows Embodiment 2, and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100 of a modification. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the third embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100. FIG. 10 shows the fourth embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view of the commutator motor 100.

Explanation of symbols

  1 field iron core, 1a arc part, 1c iron core, 2a magnetic pole part, 2a-1 tooth tip, 2a-2 tooth tip, 2b magnetic pole part, 2b-1 tooth tip, 2b-2 tooth tip, 3a connection part, 3b connection Part, 3c linear part, 4 yoke part, 4a linear part, 4b linear part, 5a field winding, 5b field winding, 5c field winding, 6 armature core, 6a slot, 6b tooth part, 7 Armature winding, 8 output shaft, 9 frame, 10 bracket, 11 blade, 11a fan cover, 12a bearing, 12b bearing, 13 commutator, 14 gap, 15 space, 16 outer peripheral projection, 16a arc portion, 20 triac, 30 AC power supply, 40 field, 50 armature, 60a brush, 60b brush, 100 commutator motor, 200 blower.

Claims (14)

A cylindrical frame having an axial end opening, a field fixed in the frame, having a field winding and a field core, and an armature that is rotatably housed in the field In a commutator motor comprising:
The field core is
A pair of magnetic poles disposed opposite to each other;
One yoke part,
A pair of connecting portions for connecting the pair of magnetic pole portions and the yoke portion;
Provided at a plurality of locations on the outer peripheral surface of the field core, and including a fixed portion fixed to the frame,
A commutator motor characterized by forming a magnetic circuit closed in the order of the one magnetic pole part, the one connecting part, the yoke part, the other connecting part, the other magnetic pole part, and the armature. .   The rectification according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral protrusion extending toward the frame is provided on a part of the yoke part or the connecting part, and an outer peripheral end of the outer peripheral protrusion is fixed to the frame as the fixing part. Child electric motor.   The commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein a material of the frame is a non-magnetic material.   The commutator motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a space is formed between an outer peripheral surface between the fixed portions of the field core and the frame.   The commutator motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the field winding is applied to the yoke portion.   The commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein the field winding is applied to the connecting portion.   The commutator motor according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the field winding is divided into two parts, and the armature is connected between the divided field windings.   The commutator motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the field winding is applied to the yoke portion and the connecting portion.   The tooth tip shape of the pair of magnetic pole portions is asymmetrical between the tooth tip at the portion close to the yoke portion side and the tooth tip at the far portion, and the shape of the tooth tip at the close portion is substantially parallel to the yoke portion. The commutator motor according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein   The commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the yoke portion is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped.   The commutator motor according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the connecting portion is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped.   The commutator motor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein an aluminum wire is used for the field winding.   A blower comprising: the commutator motor according to claim 1; and a blade fixed to the armature of the commutator motor.   A vacuum cleaner comprising the blower according to claim 13.

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