JP2009193745A - 正極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
正極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009193745A JP2009193745A JP2008031344A JP2008031344A JP2009193745A JP 2009193745 A JP2009193745 A JP 2009193745A JP 2008031344 A JP2008031344 A JP 2008031344A JP 2008031344 A JP2008031344 A JP 2008031344A JP 2009193745 A JP2009193745 A JP 2009193745A
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- composite oxide
- electrode active
- oxide particles
- Prior art date
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- ZHFTWYFOTJBTIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Co+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O ZHFTWYFOTJBTIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NMJZSDAICDMEHY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diiodate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]I(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)=O NMJZSDAICDMEHY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diiodide Chemical compound [Co+2].[I-].[I-] AVWLPUQJODERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- ADBMTWSCACVHKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O ADBMTWSCACVHKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WUIMMJYNCJLQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].OS(O)(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WUIMMJYNCJLQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IQYVXTLKMOTJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) chlorate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O IQYVXTLKMOTJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YCYBZKSMUPTWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Co]F YCYBZKSMUPTWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFJLSTCMNYZOIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;sulfane Chemical compound S.[Co] UFJLSTCMNYZOIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000469 dry deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- GUWHRJQTTVADPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium azide Chemical compound [Li+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] GUWHRJQTTVADPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XQHAGELNRSUUGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O XQHAGELNRSUUGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000032 lithium hydrogen carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitride Chemical compound [Li]N([Li])[Li] IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HPCCWDVOHHFCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].OS([O-])(=O)=O HPCCWDVOHHFCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SZAVVKVUMPLRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;propane Chemical compound [Li+].C[CH-]C SZAVVKVUMPLRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHWUERAJDYTMOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;sulfane Chemical compound [Li].S OHWUERAJDYTMOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- PPPHYGCRGMTZNA-UHFFFAOYSA-M trifluoromethyl sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OC(F)(F)F PPPHYGCRGMTZNA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- PGOLTJPQCISRTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C=C PGOLTJPQCISRTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】リチウム(Li)とニッケル(Ni)とを含む複合酸化物粒子に対して、例えばオキソ酸等の溶液溶解成分を含む溶液を被着し、溶液溶解成分が溶液として被着した複合酸化物粒子を乾燥して溶液溶解成分を複合酸化物粒子の表面に析出させ、溶液溶解成分が表面に析出した複合酸化物粒子を酸化性雰囲気下で加熱処理する。溶液の被着および乾燥は、過熱した複合酸化物粒子に対して、溶液溶解成分を含む溶液を噴霧する等の方法によりなされる
【選択図】図1
Description
(化1)
LiaNixCoyAlzO2
(但し、Niは、Ni全体の量を1としたときに、Niの0.1以下の範囲内で、マンガン(Mn)、クロム(Cr)、鉄(Fe)、バナジウム(V)、マグネシウム(Mg)、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ニオブ(Nb)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、ガリウム(Ga)、インジウム(In)、スズ(Sn)、ランタン(La)、セリウム(Ce)からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上の金属元素と置換可能である。また、式中a、x、y、zは、0.3≦a≦1.05、0.60<x<0.90、0.10<y<0.40、0.01<z<0.20の範囲内の値であり、x、yおよびzの間にはx+y+z=1の関係がある。)
この発明の一実施の形態による正極活物質は、複合酸化物粒子の表面の少なくとも一部に、例えばオキソ酸塩などの成分が被着されたものである。オキソ酸塩などの成分は、例えば、複合酸化物粒子の表面の物質と化学結合した状態、あるいはイオンの状態で被着されている。
LiaNixCoyAlzO2
(但し、Niは、Ni全体の量を1としたときに、Niの0.1以下の範囲内で、マンガン(Mn)、クロム(Cr)、鉄(Fe)、バナジウム(V)、マグネシウム(Mg)、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ニオブ(Nb)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、ガリウム(Ga)、インジウム(In)、スズ(Sn)、ランタン(La)、セリウム(Ce)からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上の金属元素と置換可能である。また、式中a、x、y、zは、0.3≦a≦1.05、0.60<x<0.90、0.10<y<0.40、0.01<z<0.20の範囲内の値であり、x、yおよびzの間にはx+y+z=1の関係がある。)
次に、この発明の一実施の形態による正極活物質の製造方法について説明する。複合酸化物粒子は、通常において正極活物質として入手できるものを出発原料として用いることができるが、場合によっては、ボールミルや擂潰機などを用いて二次粒子を解砕した粒子を用いることもできる。
次に、被着成分の析出処理を行った複合酸化物粒子を加熱処理により焼成する。この加熱処理において、複合酸化物粒子に被着した被着成分が分解する。被着成分としてアンモニア塩を用いた場合、アンモニア塩が分解し、アンモニアなどを生成して気体化して除去され、最終的にイオンが残留することとなる。
[非水電解質二次電池の構成]
図1は、この発明の一実施の形態による方法で製造された正極活物質を用いた非水電解質二次電池の断面構造を表すものである。
次に、第1の例による非水電解質二次電池の製造方法について説明する。
[非水電解質二次電池の構成]
図2は、この発明の一実施の形態による正極活物質を用いた非水電解質二次電池の構造を示す。図2に示すように、この非水電解質二次電池は、電池素子10を防湿性ラミネートフィルムからなる外装材19に収容し、電池素子10の周囲を溶着することにより封止してなる。電池素子10には、正極端子15および負極端子16が備えられ、これらのリードは、外装材19に挟まれて外部へと引き出される。正極端子15および負極端子16のそれぞれの両面には、外装材19との接着性を向上させるために密着フィルム17が被覆されている。
次に、第2の例による非水電解質二次電池の製造方法について説明する。まず、正極11および負極12のそれぞれに、溶媒と、電解質塩と、高分子化合物と、混合溶剤とを含む前駆溶液を塗布し、混合溶剤を揮発させてゲル電解質層13を形成する。なお、予め正極集電体11Aの端部に正極端子15を溶接により取り付けるとともに、負極集電体12Aの端部に負極端子16を溶接により取り付けるようにする。
まず、硫酸ニッケルと硫酸コバルトとアルミン酸ナトリウムとを水中に溶解し、さらに十分に攪拌させながら水酸化ナトリウム溶液を加えて、ニッケル(Ni)と、コバルト(Co)と、アルミニウム(Al)とのモル比がNi:Co:Al=77:20:3となるニッケル−コバルト−アルミニウム複合共沈水酸化物を得た。生成した共沈物を水洗し、乾燥させた後、水酸化リチウム一水和塩を加え、Li:(Ni+Co+Al)=105:100のモル比となるように調整して前駆体を作製した。これらの前駆体を、酸素気流中、700℃で10時間焼成し、室温まで冷却した後に粉砕して組成式Li11.03Ni0.77Co0.20Al0.03O2で表されるニッケル酸リチウムを主体とした複合酸化物粒子を得た。なお、得られた複合酸化物粒子をレーザー散乱法により測定した平均粒子径は、13μmであった。
硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)0.83重量部を、五ホウ酸アンモニウム((NH4)2・5B2O3・8H2O)0.34重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を得た。
硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)0.83重量部を、硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)0.83重量部と五ホウ酸アンモニウム((NH4)2・5B2O3・8H2O)0.17重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を得た。
硫酸アンモニウムを被着させた複合酸化物粒子を加熱処理せずに正極活物質とした以外は実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を得た。
実施例1と同様にして複合酸化物粒子を作製した後、複合酸化物粒子100重量部と、硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)0.83重量部とを乳鉢で十分粉砕混合した。続いて、この混合物を、酸素気流中、700℃で4時間焼成し、室温まで冷却した後に取り出して、正極活物質を得た。
硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)0.83重量部を、五ホウ酸アンモニウム((NH4)2・5B2O3・8H2O)0.34重量部とした以外は比較例2と同様にして正極活物質を得た。
硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)0.83重量部を、硫酸アンモニウム((NH4)2SO4)0.83重量部と五ホウ酸アンモニウム((NH4)2・5B2O3・8H2O)0.17重量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を得た。
作製した実施例1ないし実施例3、および比較例1ないし比較例4の正極活物質を用いて、図1に示すコイン型の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。まず、作製した正極活物質粉末86重量%と、導電剤としてグラファイト10重量%と、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン4重量%とを混合し、溶剤であるN−メチル−2ピロリドン(NMP)に分散させた後、厚み20μmの帯状アルミニウム箔よりなる正極集電体の両面に塗布して乾燥させ、ローラプレス機により圧縮した後、所定の寸法の円板状に打ち抜いてペレットを得た。
2A・・・正極集電体
2B・・・正極合剤層
3・・・・セパレータ
4・・・・負極
4A・・・負極集電体
4B・・・負極合剤層
5・・・・外装カップ
6・・・・外装缶
7・・・・ガスケット
10・・・電池素子
11・・・正極
11A・・正極集電体
11B・・正極合剤層
12・・・負極
12A・・負極集電体
12B・・負極合剤層
13・・・ゲル電解質層
14・・・セパレータ
15・・・正極リード
16・・・負極リード
17・・・樹脂片
18・・・凹部
19・・・外装材
Claims (9)
- リチウム(Li)と、ニッケル(Ni)とを含む複合酸化物粒子に、被着成分を溶媒に溶解した溶液を被着させ、上記溶液中の上記溶媒短時間で除去し、上記被着成分を上記複合酸化物粒子の表面に析出させる析出工程と、
上記被着成分を表面に析出させた上記複合酸化物粒子を酸化性雰囲気下で加熱処理する加熱工程と
を有する
ことを特徴とする正極活物質の製造方法。 - 上記複合酸化物粒子は、化1で平均組成が表されるものである
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
(化1)
LiaNixCoyAlzO2
(但し、Niは、Ni全体の量を1としたときに、Niの0.1以下の範囲内で、マンガン(Mn)、クロム(Cr)、鉄(Fe)、バナジウム(V)、マグネシウム(Mg)、チタン(Ti)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、ニオブ(Nb)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、ガリウム(Ga)、インジウム(In)、スズ(Sn)、ランタン(La)、セリウム(Ce)からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上の金属元素と置換可能である。また、式中a、x、y、zは、0.3≦a≦1.05、0.60<x<0.90、0.10<y<0.40、0.01<z<0.20の範囲内の値であり、x、yおよびzの間にはx+y+z=1の関係がある。) - 加熱した上記複合酸化物粒子に上記被着成分を含む溶液を被着させることにより上記溶媒を除去し、上記被着成分を上記複合酸化物粒子の表面に析出させる
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 上記複合酸化物粒子が上記被着成分を含む溶液の沸点以上の温度となるように加熱する
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 上記被着成分がオキソ酸塩である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 上記オキソ酸塩がアンモニウム塩である
ことを特徴とする請求項5記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 上記オキソ酸塩の添加量が、上記複合酸化物粒子に対して0.01重量部以上20重量部以下の範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項5記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 上記加熱処理の温度が、500℃以上1200℃以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 上記正極活物質の平均粒径が、2.0μm以上50μm以下の範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
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US20090200510A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
KR20090087827A (ko) | 2009-08-18 |
CN101510599A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
US8652577B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
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