JP2005245768A - Lifting and bathing apparatus with chair part - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bathing apparatus comprising a lift device for bathing of a simple constitution and a small bathtub. <P>SOLUTION: The lifting and bathing apparatus (1) with a chair part comprises a bathtub (3) and a lifting device (4) for bathing provided on the bathtub (3). The lifting device (4) for bathing comprises an elevating and lowering post (13), a lift arm (14) rotatably supported by the post (13), and a chair part (2) mounted on the end of the lift arm (14). The chair part (2) comprises a backrest (41) and a seat part (42) rotatably pivoted by the lower end of the backrest (41). When the lifting device (4) for bathing is not used, the seat part (42) is moved outside the bathtub (3) by folding the seat part (42) and rotating the chair part (2) around the lift arm (14). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a chair-equipped lift bath apparatus that assists physically disabled persons, nursing elderly persons, and the like (hereinafter referred to as bathers) with a bath lift.

The prior art disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-79060 is that a bather is placed on a chair for bathing, and the chair is reclined when the chair is rotated to cross the upper edge of the side wall of the bathtub. It is something that can be done.
According to this conventional apparatus, the upper edge of the side wall of the bathtub can be crossed without raising the bather.
JP 2001-79060 A

  According to the conventional apparatus, the upper edge of the side wall of the bathtub can be crossed without raising the bather, but the reclining mechanism is a large-scale one provided with a gas spring, and since the bath is taken in a reclining posture, the bathtub A long thing was required, and it was an inconvenient configuration to provide a small bathtub with a simple configuration.

The present invention relates to a lift bath device (1) with a chair portion comprising a bathtub (3) and a bath lift device (4) provided integrally or separately with the bathtub (3). , A cylinder (13), a lift arm (14) rotatably supported by the cylinder (13), and a chair portion (2) attached to the tip of the lift arm (14). 2) consists of a backrest (41) and a seat (42) pivotally mounted on the lower end of the backrest (41), and when the bath lift device (4) is not used, the seat After folding (42), it is a lift bath apparatus with a chair part which can rotate a chair part (2) with respect to a lift arm (14), and can move a seat part (42) outside a bathtub (3).
In addition, a lower limb lifting mechanism (83) for lifting the lower limb of the bather is additionally installed in the seat (42).
Further, the lower leg lifting mechanism 83 is attached to the front part of the seat part (42) so as to be pivotable, and the leg part receiver (48) is attached to the seat part (42). And an operation unit (50) for moving the screen up and down.
Alternatively, the lower limb lifting mechanism 83 includes an air bag (65) mounted on the seat (42), a tube (77) for guiding air to the air bag (65), and air to the air bag (65). It consists of an injection exhaust valve (84) for injecting or exhausting and an air compressor (78) for producing compressed air to be supplied to the air bag (65).
Furthermore, in the lift bath apparatus (1) with a chair part which consists of a bathtub (3) and the bath lift apparatus (4) provided in the bathtub (3), the raising / lowering column (13) of the bath lift apparatus (4) Combines a fixed column (59) with a movable column (58) so that it can be raised and lowered.
The cylinder (13) is provided with a rotation preventing mechanism (56) in which the elevating column (58) and the chair portion (2) do not rotate with respect to the fixed column (59).

  In the present invention, when the bathing lift 5 is not used, after the front end of the seat 42 is raised and folded, the chair 2 is rotated horizontally with respect to the lift arm 14, and the seat 42 is moved outwardly from the bathtub 3. Bathers who do not use the lift 5 for bathing will not be in the way of bathing, and even if the tip of the seat 42 falls unexpectedly during bathing, it will fall outside the bathtub 3, so bathing It is safe and convenient for the person.

  Since the lower limb lifting mechanism 83 for lifting the lower limb of the bather is added to the seat 42 according to the present invention, the lower limb of the bather can be lifted and the upper edge 46 of the side wall of the bathtub 3 can be safely crossed. Can be convenient.

  The leg receiver 48 according to the present invention is pivotally supported on the front part of the seat part 42 and is provided with a handle 51 for raising and lowering the free end side (= front part) of the leg receiver 48. By this handle operation, the free end side of the leg receiver 48 can be raised and the lower leg of the bather can be lifted. The present invention is advantageous because the above-described configuration for lifting the lower limbs of the bather can be easily manufactured.

  Further, it is possible to lift the lower limbs with a slight effort that only turns the handle 51, which is convenient. In addition, when the chair part 2 is moved beyond the upper edge 46 of the longitudinal side wall of the bathtub 3, the bather does not have to be raised high, and the bather is relieved and safe without causing a fear of the bather. It is possible to take a bath with peace of mind, and it is convenient.

  Since the lower limb lifting mechanism 83 according to the present invention is the air bag 65 mounted on the seat portion 42, filling the air bag with air and inflating the air bag to raise the lower limb of the bather is infused. It can be done by simple operation of the exhaust valve, which is convenient.

  The cylinder of the bathing lift 5 according to the present invention is provided with a rotation prevention mechanism 56, and the lifting column 58 does not rotate with respect to the fixed column 59 when the cylinder 13 is raised or lowered. The bathing lift 5 moves up and down along a predetermined path, and the chair part 2 does not deviate from the predetermined path during raising and lowering, and it is safe. Since there is not, raising / lowering operation of the chair part 2 is easy and convenient.

  For the purpose of ensuring the safety of bathing using the lift bathing device and reducing the size of the lift bathing device, the chair part 2 is rotated outward from the bathtub 3 and the leg receiver 48 is rotated and raised. ,It was realized.

  The lift bath apparatus 1 with a chair portion shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 puts a bather on the chair portion 2, rotates the chair portion 2 to move it above the bathtub 3, and then lowers the chair portion 2. The bather is immersed in the bathtub 3 to bathe. The lift bath apparatus 1 with a chair portion includes a bathtub 3 and a bath lift apparatus 4 placed on the side of the bathtub 3. The bathing lift device 4 includes a bathing lift 5 and a base portion 7 that supports the bathing lift 5 upright.

  The base part 7 is placed close to the short side wall 8 of the bathtub 3 and placed on the washing place 9, and a bathing lift 5 is erected at one end of the base part 7. A bathtub-side overturning prevention leg 11 is appropriately extended from one end of the base portion 7 along the longitudinal side wall 10 of the bathtub 3 and placed in the washing place 9. Further, a washing-place-side fall prevention leg 12 is extended from one end of the base portion 7 at right angles to the bathtub-side fall-preventing leg 11 and placed in the washing place 9 as appropriate.

  The bathing lift 5 is pivotally attached to a cylinder 13, a lift arm 14 rotatably attached to the upper portion of the cylinder 13, and can be moved outwardly of the bathtub 3. It consists of a chair part 2.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the cylinder 13 is provided on an inner side of a lifting column 58 that moves up and down, a fixed column 59 that is located outside the lifting column 58 and accommodates the lifting column 58, and stands inside the fixed column 59. Key pillar 62. The inner wall of the fixed column 59 is provided with a seal 79 that slides against the outer wall of the elevating column 58 to achieve liquid tightness. The fixed column 59 and the key column 62 are erected and fixed to the base portion 7, and the elevating column 58 is positioned between the fixed column 59 and the key column 62 and moves up and down.

  The rotation prevention mechanism 56 is made of a key mechanism 57. A key 61 is formed on the lower portion 60 of the elevating column 58 so as to project toward the center, and the key 61 is slidably fitted in a key groove 63 formed on the outer wall of the key column 62. An oil passage 64 is opened in the lower portion 60 of the lifting column 58. When pressure oil is injected into the space 87, the space 36 between the lifting column 58 and the fixed column 59, and the lifting column 58, the lifting column 58 rises. During the ascent, the elevating column 58 does not rotate with respect to the fixed column 59 by the action of the key mechanism 57.

  The lift arm 14 includes an arm housing 21 that is pivotally attached to the top of the elevating column 58, an arm 22 that extends from the arm housing 21, and a tip of the arm 22. It comprises a chair portion fixing bracket 23 that is externally fitted to be rotatable.

  A stopper mechanism 24 is provided between the arm housing 21 and the lifting column 58 to stop the rotation of the lift arm 14 with respect to the lifting column 58. Between the arm 22 and the chair portion fixing bracket 23, the arm 22 is fixed. A chair stopper mechanism 25 for stopping the rotation of the chair portion fixing bracket 23 is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the stopper mechanism 24 includes a stopper bracket 26 fixed to the elevating column 58, and a stopper pin 31 for rotational positioning of the arm 22 attached to the stopper bracket 26 so as to be able to advance and retract in the vertical direction. A stopper handle 32 for operating the forward / backward movement of the pin 31, a plate 29 fixed to the arm housing 21, and a hole 30 provided in the plate 29 into which the stopper pin 31 is fitted.

  A bracket 34 is pivotally attached to the stopper bracket 26 by a shaft 86, and a stopper handle 32 is pivotally attached to the outside of the bracket 34 by a shaft 6. Further, the base end side of the tension spring 28 that urges the stopper handle 32 in the right rotation direction is attached to the stopper bracket 26. The distal end side of the tension spring 28 is hooked on a hook 35 for a tension spring fixed to the bracket 34 in the outward direction.

A long hole 33 is formed on the stopper handle side of the stopper bracket 26, and a pin 27 fixed to the stopper pin 31 is inserted into the long hole 33. The pin 27 is inserted into a notch provided on the front side of the bracket 34. Is engaged.
When the stopper handle 32 is pressed (in the direction of arrow E in FIG. 4), the hook 35 is pressed by the tip 32a of the stopper handle 32, the bracket 34 is rotated counterclockwise, and the pin 27 is pressed downward. The stopper pin 31 comes out of the hole 30. Thereby, the rotation of the arm 22 with respect to the lifting column 58 is allowed.
The position of the chair portion 2 on the side of the washing place 9 (the position corresponding to A in FIG. 2), the position above the bathtub 3 (the position corresponding to B in FIG. 2), and the bathtub 3 are 180 degrees opposite to each other. Three holes 30a, 30b, and 30c are formed in the plate 29 so that the rotation of the arm 22 can be stopped at any position (position corresponding to C in FIG. 2). That is, when the chair portion 2 is at the position A, the stopper pin 31 is in the hole 30a, when the chair portion is at the position B, the stopper pin 31 is at the hole 30b, and when the chair portion is at the position C, the stopper pin 31 is The pin 31 is fitted in the hole 30c.

  Next, the chair stopper mechanism 25 will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the chair stopper mechanism 25 includes a cylindrical chair portion fixing bracket 23 that is externally fitted to the tip of the arm 22 and to which the chair portion 2 is attached, and a chair stopper handle that is attached to the bracket 23. 40, a chair stopper pin 39 that moves forward and backward by operating the handle 40, a chair stopper member 37 that is fixed to the arm 22, and a hole that is provided in the chair stopper member 37 and into which the chair stopper pin 39 is fitted. 38.

When the chair stopper handle 40 is pushed down, the chair stopper pin 39 comes out of the hole 38. Thereby, rotation with respect to the arm 22 of the chair part 2 is accept | permitted.
As shown in FIG. 2, the chair portion 2 is rotatable with respect to the arm 22, and the chair portion 2 is in the direction of A (= B) and the opposite side of the bathtub 3 by 180 degrees (outward of the bathtub 3 The chair stopper member 37 is provided with three pieces so that it can be restrained at either one of the position of the direction C) and the position of the direction D rotated counterclockwise from the position A to the arm 22 by a predetermined angle. Holes 38a, 38b, 38c are opened (FIG. 5).
That is, when the chair part 2 is restrained with respect to the arm 22 at the position A (= B), the chair stopper pin 39 is restrained at the hole 38a and the chair part 2 is restrained at the position C. The chair stopper pin 39 is inserted into the hole 38c when the chair stopper pin 39 is stopped in the hole 38c.

  Since the chair stopper pin 39 is constantly urged upward by a spring (not shown), the chair stopper pin 39 is extracted from the hole 38, the chair portion 2 is rotated with respect to the arm 22, and the chair portion 2 is predetermined. When the position is reached, the chair stopper pin 39 is automatically fitted into another hole 38, and the rotation of the chair portion 2 is stopped.

  The chair portion 2 includes a backrest 41 and a seat portion 42 that is pivotally attached to a lower end of the backrest 41 so as to be pivotable in a vertical direction by a shaft 85 and can be folded. The backrest 41 is a chair portion fixing bracket 23. To be attached. The backrest 41 is provided with a belt 43 that fixes the bather to the backrest 41. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 81 denotes a gripping hand grasped by a bather sitting on the seat 42.

  When using this invention, the chair part 2 is first set to the washing place 9 side. A bather is seated on the seat 42, and a belt 43 is hung on the upper body of the bather and fixed to the backrest 41. The raising switch 45 of the operation unit 44 is pressed to extend the cylinder 13.

  When the lift switch 45 is pressed, a hydraulic pump (not shown) is driven, and the pressure oil passes through the space 87, the space 36 between the fixed column 59 and the lifting column 58, and the oil passage 64 to form the key column 62 and the lifting column 58. Enter the space and raise the lifting column 58. While the elevating column 58 is raised, the key 61 is fitted in the key groove 63, so that the rotation of the elevating column 58 is restricted. As the elevating column 58 is raised, the arm 22 and the chair portion 2 are integrally raised.

  Next, the assistant pushes the stopper handle 32, extracts the stopper pin 31 from the hole 30a, releases the stopper function of the stopper mechanism 24, grasps the handle 82, and rotates the chair portion 2 toward the bathtub 3 side. When the chair part 2 rotates and exceeds the upper edge 46 of the longitudinal side wall of the bathtub 3 and reaches a predetermined position above the bathtub 3, the stopper pin 31 attached to the stopper bracket 26 is automatically inserted into the hole 30 b formed in the plate 29. The rotation of the lift arm 14 with respect to the lifting column 58 is stopped.

  The assistant pushes the lowering switch 47, lowers the lifting column 58 to the lower limit position, and bathes the bather in the hot water in the bathtub 3.

At the time of taking a bath, the assistant pushes the raising switch 45 to raise the chair part 2. The stopper function of the stopper mechanism 24 is released, and the chair portion 2 is rotated to the washing place 9 side. When the lift arm 14 reaches a predetermined position, the stopper pin 31 is automatically fitted into the one hole 30a, and the rotation of the lift arm 14 with respect to the lifting column 58 is stopped.
The lowering switch 47 is pushed and the chair part 2 is lowered. The belt 43 is removed, the bather is lowered from the seat 42, and the bathing is completed.

  When the bathing lift 5 is not used, the grip 81 is rotated upward, the tip of the seat 42 is lifted, the seat 42 is folded, and the seat 42 is fastened to the backrest 41 by the belt 43. Next, the lifting column 58 is raised, the stopper handle 32 is operated, and the chair portion 2 is rotated to the position C in FIG.

  The chair stopper handle 40 is pushed down to release the stopper function between the lift arm 14 and the chair portion 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the chair part 2 is rotated with respect to the lift arm 14, and the seat part 42 surface of the chair part 2 is turned to the direction position on the opposite side to the bathtub 3 by 180 degrees. At this time, since the seat part 42 is located outside the bathtub 3, the chair part 2 does not interfere with the bathing when a healthy person or the like takes a bath without using the bath lift 5, which is convenient.

  In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a lower limb lifting mechanism 83 is additionally installed on the seat portion 42 of the first embodiment. Specifically, a leg receiver 48 is pivotally attached to the front portion of the seat 42 by a seat shaft 49. The leg receiver 48 is rotatable with respect to the seat 42 by operating the operation unit 50.

  The operation unit 50 is supported on the base side surface of the leg receiver 48 and is positioned along the base side surface, the cam 52 that contacts the back surface of the leg receiver 48 and is rotated by the handle 51, It comprises a latch 53 provided between the seat portion 42 and preventing the handle 51 from reversing (= returning rotation) after being rotated 180 degrees. The latch 53 includes a hook 54 provided on the back side of the handle 51 in the direction of the leg receiver 48 and a receiving hole 55 opened in the seat 42.

  The leg receiver 48 immediately after the bather is seated on the chair 2 is in the state of FIG. When the chair portion 2 is moved beyond the upper edge 46 of the longitudinal side wall of the bathtub 3, as shown in FIG. Stand up the tip and lift the bather's leg. In this state, the chair portion 2 is rotated horizontally in the direction of the bathtub 3 around the cylinder 13 so as to exceed the upper edge 46 of the longitudinal side wall of the bathtub 3.

  When the bather is lowered from the chair portion 2, the assistant removes the fitting 51 of the handle 51 from the receiving hole 55, releases the latch between the seat portion 42 and the handle 51, and rotates the handle 51 in the reverse direction by 180 degrees. By rotating, the tip end side of the leg receiver 48 is laid down, the lower limb of the bather who has been in the lifted state is laid down to the original position, and the bather is lowered from the chair portion 2.

  In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the lifting column 58 of the first embodiment is replaced with the outer moving column 16, and the fixed column 59 is replaced with the inner fixed column 15. The cylinder 13 is erected on the base portion 7 and has an inner fixed column 15 that has a hollow inside, an outer movable column 16 that is attached to the inner fixed column 15 and moves up and down, and is suspended from the top in the outer movable column 16. And a slide prism 18. A seal 79 is provided on the inner side wall of the outer movable column 16 so as to be liquid-tight while sliding with the outer wall of the inner fixed column 15.

  In the cylinder 13, a rotation prevention mechanism 56 including the lid plate 17 and the slide prism 18 is configured. That is, a lid plate 17 is provided at the upper end of the inner fixed column 15, an oil passage 19 through which oil passes is opened, and a square hole 20 is opened.

  A slide prism 18 passes through the square hole 20 in a sliding manner. The outer moving column 16 can be moved up and down, but the rotation cannot be blocked by the action of the sliding prism 18.

9 and 10 is an air system in which an air bag 65 is mounted on the seat portion 42 of the first embodiment.
In the fourth embodiment, the air bag 65 on the seat 42 is expanded and contracted, and the lower leg of the bather placed on the air bag 65 is moved up and down.

When the bather passes the upper edge 46 of the long side wall of the bathtub 3, the air bag 65 is inflated to lift the lower leg of the bather so that the bather's foot does not hit the upper edge 46 of the long side wall.
In FIG. 9, 77 is a tube that guides air to the air bag 65, 78 is an air compressor that creates compressed air to be supplied to the air bag 65, and 84 is an injection that injects or exhausts air into the air bag 65. Exhaust valve.

The fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is an interlocking system in which the handle 51 of the second embodiment is replaced with a cord 66 that is wound around the bathing lift 5 and interlocked.
In the fifth embodiment, the cam 52 that raises and lowers the leg receiver 48 is rotated by the tension of the cable body 66.

A pole 67 is provided in parallel with the bathing lift 5, and a ring 68 that can be raised and lowered is externally fitted to the pole 67, and the base end of the rope 66 is fixed to the ring 68. The leading end of the cord body 66 is fixed to the cam 52.
When the bathing lift 5 is raised, the ring 68 is also pulled by the cord body 66 and raised. When the rising bathing lift 5 reaches slightly before the upper limit, the cap 69 of the pole 67 prevents the ring 68 from rising.

Subsequently, when the bathing lift 5 moves to the upper limit, the top 80 of the bathing lift 5 acts on the cord body 66, tension is applied to the cord body 66, and the tip of the cord body 66 is pulled. The cable body 66 having tension rotates the cam 52, and the cam 52 pushes up the back surface of the leg receiver 48 to rotate the leg receiver 48 and raise the free end.
As the bathing lift 5 is lowered, the cord body 66 is loosened, the tip of the cord body 66 is restored, the cam 52 is reversed, the leg receiver 48 is rotated backward to lower the free end, and the leg holder 48 is returned to the original position.

The sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is a link system in which the cam 52 of the second embodiment is replaced with a link mechanism 70.
The link mechanism 70 according to the sixth embodiment includes a link shaft 71 extending from the seat portion 42 side, a link portion 72 pivotally supported by the link shaft 71, and a handle portion 73 extending at the front portion of the link portion 72. And a connecting piece 74 that connects the base of the link portion 72 and the leg receiver 48, a connecting shaft 75, and a connecting piece mounting shaft 76.

In FIG. 12, when the handle portion 73 is rotated approximately 180 degrees in the direction of the arrow F, the connecting piece 74 moves as indicated by the arrow G, and the leg portion receiver 48 stands up.
When the handle 73 is rotated in the direction opposite to the arrow F direction, the leg receiver 48 returns to its original position.

  In Example 7 shown in FIG. 13, the bath lift device 4 of Example 1 is provided integrally with the bathtub 3.

  The present invention can be applied to a bathing apparatus constituted by a bathing lift apparatus having a simple configuration and a small bathtub.

It is a left view of Example 1 of this invention. 1 is a plan view of Example 1. FIG. 1 is a front view of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view showing a stopper mechanism of the bathing lift device according to the first embodiment. It is the elements on larger scale which show the chair stopper mechanism of the lift apparatus for bathing of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing a cylinder of Example 1. It is a side view which shows the leg lifting mechanism of Example 2, (a) is a figure which shows the state before lifting a leg part support, (b) is a figure which shows the state which lifted the leg part receiver. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cylinder of Example 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows the leg lifting mechanism of Example 4. It is the elements on larger scale which show the state which the air bag of the leg lifting mechanism of Example 4 was expanded. It is a figure which shows the leg lifting mechanism of Example 5. It is a figure which shows the leg lifting mechanism of Example 6. 10 is a left side view showing Example 7. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lifting bath apparatus with a chair part 2 Chair part 3 Bathtub 4 Lifting apparatus for bathing 13 Cylinder 14 Lift arm 41 Backrest 42 Seat part 48 Leg part receiving part 50 Operation part 56 Turning prevention mechanism 58 Elevating pillar 59 Fixed pillar 65 Air bag 77 Tube 78 Air compressor 83 Upper limb lifting mechanism 84 Inlet / exhaust valve

Claims (5)

In the lift bath apparatus (1) with a chair portion, which is composed of a bathtub (3) and a bath lift apparatus (4) provided integrally or separately with the bathtub (3), the bath lift apparatus (4) includes a cylinder (13). ), A lift arm (14) rotatably supported by the cylinder (13), and a chair part (2) attached to the tip of the lift arm (14). The chair part (2) It consists of a backrest (41) and a seat (42) pivotally mounted on the lower end of the backrest (41). When the bath lift device (4) is not used, the seat (42) After folding, the chair part (2) is rotated with respect to the lift arm (14), and the lift part bathing apparatus with a chair part which can move a seat part (42) outside a bathtub (3). In the lift bath apparatus (1) with a chair portion comprising the bathtub (3) and the bath lift apparatus (4) provided in the bathtub (3), the bath lift apparatus (4) includes a cylinder (13) and a cylinder. The lift arm (14) rotatably supported by (13) and the chair part (2) attached to the tip of the lift arm (14), the chair part (2) is a backrest (41). ) And a seat part (42) pivotally supported at the lower end of the backrest (41), and a lower leg lifting mechanism (83) for lifting the lower leg of the bather is additionally installed on the seat part (42) A lift bath device with a chair portion, characterized by: A leg lifting mechanism (83) is attached to a front portion of a seat (42) so as to be rotatable, and a leg receiver (48) attached to the seat (42). The lift bath apparatus with a chair part according to claim 2, wherein the lift bath apparatus is configured with an operation part (50) for moving up and down. Lower leg lifting mechanism (83), air bag (65) mounted on seat (42), tube (77) for guiding air to air bag (65), and air injected into air bag (65) 3. A chair part according to claim 2, comprising an inlet / exhaust valve (84) for exhausting or exhausting and an air compressor (78) for producing compressed air to be supplied to the air bag (65). Lift bath device. In the lift bath apparatus (1) with a chair part which consists of a bathtub (3) and the bath lift apparatus (4) provided in the bathtub (3), the cylinder (13) of the bath lift apparatus (4) is a fixed column. (59) is combined with an elevating column (58) so as to be movable up and down, and in the cylinder (13), the elevating column (58) and the chair part (2) do not rotate with respect to the fixed column (59). A lift bath apparatus with a chair portion, characterized in that a blocking mechanism (56) is provided.

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