JP2002513700A - Economical method of printing using a printing ribbon and a printing device for implementing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: In a method for continuously printing a large number of images by ink transfer on at least one print carrier (100) using a printing ribbon (10), a ribbon (10) is used for printing each image. 10) and the carrier (100) are both conveyed in the feed direction past the print head (1) and, between two successive image printing operations, the next image of the ribbon (10) already used. A printing method wherein the ribbon (10) is transported in the return direction by a movement such that printing is performed using at least one remaining area of the part. When a large number of print carriers are printed, the lower end of each carrier is separated by a predetermined distance from the upper end of the next carrier, and the ribbon is moved by at least the same distance between successive printing operations of the carriers. (10) is transported in the return direction. The invention is particularly applicable to telefax devices.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a printer, such as is found in telefax devices.
Further, the present invention relates to a printer using the printing ribbon as a printing consumable. These are printers that operate by thermal transfer or sublimation, i.e., printing occurs by the transfer of ink from a ribbon using a heat source, a printer that includes a thermal printhead, or, alternatively, operates by mechanical transfer, as an example, a needle type. A printer including a print head may be used.

In a thermal transfer printer, for the purpose of this example, a printing ribbon is used as a roll and includes a backing film of polyethylene coated with a layer of molten ink. The supply roll unwinds a blank ribbon, which is transported with the print carrier through a thermal printhead, the thermal printhead being provided with a heating element, the activity of which causes the ink to move from the ribbon onto the carrier. And the ribbon is wound up on a collection roll to be disposed of. In this manner, the ribbon is transported from the supply roll through the print head to the collection roll.

In such a printer, unused portions of the ribbon are discarded. U.S. Pat. No. 4,616,236 teaches a method of printing an image in a format less than X / 2 on a print carrier in an X format using a print ribbon carrying a continuous area of X format ink. . In order to print two print carriers in succession, the print carrier and the print ribbon are transported together in the feed direction past the printhead, and the two carriers carry two equally sized areas of ink. Each is printed by transporting the ribbon in the return direction between successive operations of printing the two carriers.

In such a printing method, the format of the image to be printed must be less than half the area of the ink.

The present invention aims at firstly to save on printing ribbons irrespective of the format of the image to be printed.

[0006] To this end, the present invention is a method for continuously printing a number of images by ink transfer on at least one print carrier using a printing ribbon, wherein each image is printed. The ribbon and the carrier are both conveyed in the feed direction past the printhead and between two successive image printing operations, the next image uses at least one remaining area of the previously used portion of the ribbon. When a large number of print carriers are printed in a printing method in which the ribbon is conveyed in the return direction by an amount corresponding to printing, the lower end of each carrier is spaced a predetermined distance from the upper end of the next carrier. Just apart,
The present invention relates to a printing method, wherein a ribbon is transported in a return direction by a movement at least equal to the interval between continuous printing operations of a carrier.

The term “ink transfer” must be understood to mean thermal transfer and sublimation in the strictest sense of the term, ie any method of transferring ink from a printing ribbon onto a print carrier using a heat source. .

[0008] Conveniently, the ribbon is unwound from a supply roll and wound onto a collection roll to print each image, and between successive printing operations, the ribbon is unwound from the collection roll and fed. It is rewound on a roll.

[0009] The invention also provides a method for printing a plurality of images in succession by ink transfer on at least one print carrier using a printing ribbon, and performing a method according to any of the preceding claims. An apparatus, comprising: a housing for accommodating a supply roll for supplying a print ribbon; a housing for accommodating a collection roll for collecting a print ribbon; a printhead; Means for transporting the carrier in the feed direction through the collecting head and means for transporting the carrier, the means being designed to transport the carrier in the transport direction past the printhead. And a means for transporting the ribbon in the return direction, the printing apparatus including one motor for driving the ribbon in the feed direction and the return direction. The present invention relates to a printing apparatus.

The present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, shows a specific embodiment of the printing method of the present invention and a specific embodiment of the printer for implementing the method and other embodiments of the present invention. Will be better understood from the following description of a particular embodiment of a printing ribbon.

In certain embodiments herein, the printer belongs to a telefax device. In the present embodiment, the printer operates by thermal transfer, and includes a thermal print head 1, a housing for accommodating a ribbon supply roll, a housing for accommodating a ribbon collection roll, a print carrier to be printed, and a cut in the present embodiment. It includes a tray 5 for storing a sheet of paper, a tray 6 for receiving a printed sheet, a peeling edge 4, and a mechanism 7 for transporting a print ribbon 10 and a print carrying sheet. The supply roll and the recovery roll, which are two rolls, are supported by two shafts 2 and 3, respectively, and the shafts are rotatably mounted. The gear 38 and the gear 39 are fixed to the shaft 2 and the shaft 3, respectively.

The writing roll 27 is rotatably mounted and gently presses the thermal head 1,
It is supported by the integrated coaxial gear 28.

For clarity, it should be noted from the outset that all axes of the printer are perpendicular to the plane of FIG.

The printing ribbon 10 (FIG. 3) includes a film 11 of polyethylene supporting a printing layer 12, which in this embodiment comprises a large number of areas of molten cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink. 12a, 12b, and 12c, which are arranged adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the ribbon 10. The film 11 also carries an area of markings 13 located along the longitudinal edge of the ribbon 10 and near the print area 12. The markings 13 include a number of black line positioning indicators in this embodiment, and are arranged in parallel along the edge of the ribbon 10 at regular intervals.

When printing an image on a carrier sheet, the drive mechanism 7 is configured as follows.
That is, the mechanism 7 unwinds the ribbon 10 from the supply roll, winds the ribbon 10 on the collection roll, conveys the print ribbon 10 in the feed direction, and conveys the carrying sheet from the supply tray 5 to the feed tray 6 in the same feed direction. Then, the sheet and the ribbon 10 are simultaneously passed through the thermal head 1.

The drive mechanism 7 also unwinds the ribbon 10 from the collection roll, rewinds the ribbon 10 on the supply roll, and conveys the ribbon 10 through the thermal head 1 in the return direction, as described later.

By definition, the feed direction of the gears, rolls or other rotating elements of the printer is the direction in which the ribbon 10 is transported from the supply roll to the recovery roll or the sheet is transported from the supply tray 5 to the output tray 6. The direction in which the element is rotated to correspond to the direction. The return direction is, of course, opposite to the feed direction.

The mechanism 7 includes one motor 18 that rotates the drive shaft 19 in the feed direction and the return direction, and a gear system that conveys the ribbon 10 and the print carrying sheet.

The gear system includes, in particular, a gear 33 which transports the ribbon 10 in the feed direction and is mounted as a freewheel. The gear 33 is a shaft 3 supporting a collecting roll via a differential gear.
And a driving shaft set (not shown).
9 is designed to rotate in the feed direction. Under the rotational driving operation of the drive shaft 19 in the feed direction, the recovery roll is thus rotationally driven in the feed direction via the gears 33 and 39 which are the intermediate gear sets.

In order to transport the ribbon 10 in the return direction, the gear system includes two gears 29, 32, which are each fixed coaxially. The gear 32 is mounted as a freewheel and meshes with a gear 38 having the shaft 2 that supports the supply roll, and the gear 29 meshes with the gear 28 and meshes with the gear 23. The gear 23 is rotatably mounted and meshes with a gear 34, which is designed to be rotationally driven by the drive shaft 19 via a drive gear set (not shown). The gear 34 and the gear 33 are coaxial.

[0021] Thus, the supply roll comprises an intermediate gear set and gears 34,
The drive shaft 19 in the return direction via a gear train including 23, 28, 29, 32, 38
Rotates in the return direction by the rotational drive of.

To convey the print sheet, the gear system includes a sheet loading shaft 2 near the supply tray 5.
4 and a sheet feed shaft 25 near the feed tray 6. Axis 24 and axis 25 are
Supports a loading roll and a delivery roll, respectively. The gear 40 and the two coaxial fixed gears 41 and 35 are fixed to the loading shaft 24 and the delivery shaft 25, respectively. The two gears 40 and 41 mesh with the gear 26.

The driving gear 23 is thus designed to drive the shaft 25, which supports the delivery roll in the feed direction under the rotational driving operation of the gear 41 via the gear 35,
The shaft 24 which rotates the gear 26 and supports the loading roll in the feed direction via the gear 40
To rotate.

The shaft 25 of the delivery roll is mounted as a freewheel and can be driven to rotate only in the delivery direction corresponding to the delivery direction, thus avoiding the risk of sheets being loaded from the delivery tray 6 by mistake. can do.

The two detent systems 30, 31 comprise a gear 3, one of which has a feed roll axis 2.
8 and the other is mounted on a gear 39 having a collection roll shaft 3. The supply roll detent system 30 applies a resistive torque to the gear 38 as the gear 38 rotates in the feed direction. The recovery roll detent system 31 itself exerts a resistive torque on the gear 39 when the gear 39 rotates in the return direction.
By these means, the ribbon is always taut when the ribbon is transported in the feed or return direction.

The printer includes a memory 14 for storing a page of the received telefax image,
A unit 15 for digitally analyzing the telefax image stored in the memory 14
, A sensor 16 for detecting the print carrying sheet, a sensor 17 for detecting the position indication of the print ribbon 10, and a control unit 21, in this embodiment, a microprocessor. Elements and electronic elements (head 1, sensors 16, 17, unit 15, motor, etc.) are connected.

In this embodiment, the thermal head 1 is designed to print an image line by line. According to the definition, a “print line” of the thermal head 1 is defined as a virtual line 8, along which the thermal head 1 sequentially prints lines of an image on a print sheet passing therethrough.

The sensor 16 is designed to detect the presence of a sheet to be printed passing the print line 8. The sensor 17 detects an indication regarding the positioning of the print ribbon 10 when the print ribbon 10 has passed the print line 8.

The digital analysis unit 3 includes application software designed as follows, which examines the rows making up the pages of the image stored in the memory 14 and, for each page of the image, Determining the page area without images and image rows, determining the remaining print area of the already used portion of the ribbon, and determining the position of the ribbon 10 to be rewound between two successive image printing operations. Calculate the length.

The terms “image row” and “row without image” should be understood to indicate a row that contains image points in whole or in part and a row that does not contain image points, respectively.

The “part used before the ribbon” passed through the print head 1 in the feed direction,
In other words, it should be understood to mean the portion of the ribbon 10 once printing has been completed.

The printer further includes a man-machine interface 20, which includes an input keyboard and a display screen. The input keyboard has an economy print key for instructing printing of an image contained in the memory 14 in the economy mode, and a normal print key for printing in the normal mode.

Hereinafter, a method of printing a large number of images in succession on a large number of print-carrying sheets by using the printing ribbon 10 corresponding to the operation of the printer in the present embodiment in an economical manner by ink transfer will be described. Describe.

The image to be printed, in this embodiment the image page, is stored in the memory 14 in the form of data.

In order to economically print the image pages contained in the memory 14, the operator presses the economy print key (20) on the input keyboard. Printing of image pages To print each image page, under the control of the control unit 21, the drive shaft 19 is rotated in the feed direction by the motor 18 and drives the gear 33 via the previously described intermediate gear set. The gear 33 itself drives the collection roll shaft 3 and the collection roll itself to rotate in the feed direction via the gear 39.

Under the driving operation of the drive shaft 19, the gear 23 is rotated in the feed direction via the gear set and the gear 34. The gear 23 rotates the writing roller 27 via the gear 28 and rotates the gear 41 via the gear 35. The gear 41 rotates the gear 26, which itself rotates the gear 40 having the loading roll shaft 24 in the feed direction. Thus, the delivery roll and the loading roll are rotated in the delivery direction and the loading direction, respectively.

It should be emphasized that the gear 32 is mounted as a freewheel, so that the drive shaft 19
Is not rotationally driven in the feed direction under the rotational drive operation of.

The supply roll itself is rotationally driven by a tensile force acting on the ribbon 10. The detent system 30 applies a resistive torque to the gear 38 having the supply roll shaft 2 to reduce the rotational speed of the supply roll. In this way, the supply roll does not return as quickly as the collection roll, thereby tensioning the ribbon 10.

Under the rotational driving operation of the loading shaft 24 and the delivery shaft 25, the sheet 10 to be printed is
0 is transported from the supply tray 5 through the thermal head 1 to the sending tray 6 in the feeding direction, and at the same time, the ribbon 1 is rotated by the rotation of the collection roll and the supply roll.
0 is unwound from the supply roll, passes through the thermal head 1, is wound on the recovery roll, and is conveyed.

The sheet 100 and the ribbon 10 are both conveyed through the thermal head 1, pressed by the writing roll 27 with the heating element of the head 1 activated, and the ink is transferred from the ribbon 10 to the sheet 100. Thus, the image pages are printed on the sheet 100 line by line. Based on the command from the rewind economy print key of the print ribbon , the analysis unit 15
4 examines the image pages contained in the form of data.

It should be noted that, first, the top and bottom of the image page, ie, the top and bottom of the page, are, by definition, page portions that are sequentially printed by the thermal head 1 respectively.

In order to successively print each image page to be printed, the unit 15, under the control of the control unit 21, examines the successive lines constituting the page to be printed from top to bottom. Unit 15 determines for each row whether the row is an image row, whether the row is a row to be printed in whole or in part, or whether the row is a no-image row, From this it can be inferred whether the printed page contains an upper region, ie an upper band without image. As appropriate, unit 15 counts the number of imageless rows having a predetermined height that make up the imageless upper region and calculates the height of the imageless upper region.

The term “height” should be understood as indicating a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the rows making up the image page.

In order to print each page continuously, except for the first page, the analysis unit 15
Inspects, from the bottom to the top, the rows that make up the previous image page (ie, the previously printed page) held in memory 14 under the control of control unit 21. Unit 15 determines, for each row, whether this row is an image row, or whether this row is a non-image row, and infers whether the previous page includes a no-image bottom area. . As appropriate, unit 15 counts the number of imageless rows having a predetermined height that make up the imageless lower region, and calculates the height of the imageless lower region.

It should be noted here that for continuous printing of two image pages on two printing sheets, the printer sequentially transports the two printing sheets through the thermal head 1 and the printing sheets That is, they are separated from each other by "page break (page break)". The page break is a predetermined interval, and the lower and upper portions of the two sheets conveyed by continuously passing through the printing thermal head 1 are separated by the interval. Such a page break wastes the equivalent ribbon length.

During a continuous operation of printing two image pages, unit 15 includes a rewind length,
That is, the length of the ribbon to be rewound on the supply roll is calculated. To that end, the unit 15 may, as appropriate, determine the height of the page break between the previously printed sheet and the sheet to be printed, the height of the non-image upper area of the page to be printed, the previous The height of the imageless lower region of the page is added, and a predefined allowable height is subtracted from the sum.

If the rewind length is not zero, the drive shaft 19 pulls the ribbon 10 by the calculated rewind length under the control of the control unit 21 during the continuous operation of printing two image pages. Until it is unwound from the supply roll and is simultaneously unwound from the supply roll, it is rotated in the return direction by the motor 18.

Under the rotational driving operation of the drive shaft 19 in the return direction, the gear 34 is rotated in the return direction, causing the gear 23 to rotate in the return direction. To drive the gear 23, the gear 28 is rotationally driven, and the gear 32 is sequentially rotated via the gear 29. Finally, under the rotational driving operation of the gear 32, the gear 38 having the supply roll shaft 2 is rotated in the return direction.

It should be emphasized that, since the gear 33 and the delivery shaft 25 are mounted as freewheels, they are not rotated under the rotation of the drive shaft 19 in the return direction.

The collection roll itself is rotationally driven in the return direction under a tensile force acting on the ribbon 10. Further, the detent system 31 applies a resistive torque to the shaft 3 supporting the recovery roll, the recovery roll is decelerated and does not return as quickly as the supply roll. By these means, when the ribbon 10 is rewound on the supply roll, the ribbon 10 is properly tensioned.

When the ribbon 10 is being conveyed in the return direction, the sensor 17 detects and counts a positioning line of the ribbon 10 passing through the print line 8 of the thermal head 1, and the line is mutually separated by a predetermined interval. When separated, the sensor 17 calculates the length that the ribbon 10 was actually rewound. When the actual length of the unwound ribbon 10 is approximately equal to the calculated unwind length, the control unit 21 commands the motor 18 to stop.

It is also possible to recognize that a print ribbon without a positioning display is used. In this case, the unit 15 converts the calculated rewind height into the rotation speed of the motor 19, and the motor is rotated in the return direction at the rough rotation speed thus calculated.

Another improved form of the economy printing method of the present invention differs from the method embodiment described above in the following respects.

The printer, except for the elements mentioned above, has a working memory for storing the positions of the unusable lines of the printed lines and of the already used part of the ribbon and the positions of the image lines and the imageless lines of the image pages. including.

It should first be noted here that the position of the rows of the ribbon is defined with respect to the print lines of the write head and the position of the lines of the image pages is defined with respect to the top line of the page to be printed.

Here, the terms “print line” and “unusable line” refer to an unused line of the ribbon 10 and a line of the ribbon already used, respectively, in whole or in part, for printing image points. It should be understood when specified.

To print each image page, the digital analysis unit examines the lines of the page to be printed to determine the positions of the image lines and the non-image lines in the page, and the portion used before the ribbon. In this embodiment, the position of the remaining print line and the position of the unusable line in the portion used before the ribbon are determined by inspecting the line, which is used for printing the previous page in this embodiment.

It should be emphasized here that when printing an image on a printing sheet, ink is applied to the ribbon 1.
By transferring from 0 to the sheet, the image is also printed “negatively” on the ribbon 10. In this way, the digital analysis unit analyzes the rows of the image page in order to examine the rows of the portion used before the ribbon used to print the image page. The unavailable and printed lines of the used portion of the ribbon correspond to the image and non-image lines of the image page previously printed on this portion of the ribbon, respectively.

The positions of the image and non-image lines of the page to be printed, the positions of the print lines,
The location of the unusable row of the already used portion of the ribbon is recorded in the working memory.

The digital analysis unit compares the image line of the inspected page via each position with the remaining printed lines of the portion used before the ribbon and determines that the image line of the inspected page is at least partially Next, it is determined whether or not printing is possible using the remaining print lines of the portion used before the ribbon. These rows are spaced from unused portions of the ribbon by at least one unusable row.

If printable, the digital analysis unit should transport the ribbon in the return direction by unwinding the ribbon from the collection roll and rewinding the ribbon to the supply roll, ie, the length of the ribbon to be rewound. Determine the ribbon length and properly position the print ribbon with respect to the print lines of the thermal head. The remaining print lines of the portion used before the ribbon that try to print the image lines of the page to be printed,
When passing the print line of the thermal head that prints the image line on the print carrying sheet,
The ribbon is accurately positioned.

It should be emphasized that this embodiment of the economy printing method can be used to remove the image, portions of the image that are separated from the unused portion of the ribbon by other images, or other image portions that have already been printed. It can be printed on the printing ribbon in the state. FIG. 4 shows an example of this, in which, in this embodiment, first an elliptical element 101 is printed, and then a triangular element 102 is printed using the portion used before the ribbon. Arrow 36,
Numeral 37 indicates a feed direction and a return direction in which the ribbon is conveyed.

While the first print is made by the ribbon passing through the thermal head in the feed direction 36, the oval element 101 is printed in a negative state, the ribbon is transported in the return direction 37, and the second print is While the thermal head is being made by the ribbon in the feed direction 36, the triangular element 102 is positioned and printed upstream of the elliptical element 101 in FIG.

In the present specification, two embodiments of the printing method are given, but the line of the portion used before the ribbon is a printing line, in other words, if the line of the ribbon is not used, the image line is used. Is considered to be a line that can be used to print

In another embodiment, a row of printing ribbon is used that has only a small amount of ink removed to print the image row. The digital analysis unit calculates the surface density of the ink in each row of the previously used portion of the ribbon, compares the surface density with a predefined threshold, and if the calculated density is greater than the threshold, the analysis unit ,
Determine that the line of the ribbon is a print line that can be used to print an image line.
To calculate the surface density of the ink on a row of the ribbon, the digital analysis unit calculates the density of image points of an image row already printed using that row of the ribbon.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a gear train of a printer for transporting a print ribbon and a print carrier according to a particular embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a printer according to a specific embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a portion of a print ribbon according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a used portion of the printing ribbon of FIG. 3;

[Procedural Amendment] Submission of translation of Article 34 Amendment of the Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] April 27, 2000 (2000.4.27)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (71) Applicant 6 Avenue d'Iena PAR IS France

Claims (14)

[Claims] At least one print carrier (1) is provided using a print ribbon (10).
00) A method of printing a large number of images successively by ink transfer, wherein the ribbon (10) and the carrier (100) are both passed through the print head (1) in order to print each image. Movement in such a way that, between two successive image printing operations, the next image is printed using at least one remaining area of the part of the ribbon (10) already used. However, in a printing method in which the ribbon (10) is conveyed in the return direction, when a large number of print carriers are printed, the lower end of each carrier is separated from the upper end of the next carrier by a predetermined distance, and A printing method, characterized in that the ribbon (10) is transported in the return direction by a movement at least equal to said interval between successive printing operations of the body. 2. In order to print each image, a ribbon (10) is unwound from a supply roll and wound on a collection roll, and between two consecutive printing operations, the ribbon is unwound from the collection roll. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the material is rewound on a supply roll. 3. When printing pages of an image, for each page to be printed, determine whether the previous page has an imageless lower region, and calculate the height of the lower region as appropriate. And wherein during each operation of printing two consecutive pages, the ribbon (10) is transported in the return direction by a movement at least approximately equal to such calculated height. Or the method of 2. 4. When printing a page of images, for each page, determine whether the page has an imageless upper region, and calculate the height of the upper region as appropriate, 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before printing, the ribbon is conveyed in the return direction by a movement at least approximately equal to such calculated height. . 5. An image area is determined for each image to be printed, a part used before the ribbon is classified into a print area and an unusable area, and the image area is a print area of a part used previously. The ribbon is transported in the return direction and printed away from the unused portion of the ribbon by an unusable area to print at least one area of the image to be printed, if appropriate. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a printing area of a used portion of the ribbon is used. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ribbon is classified into a number of areas, the surface density of the ink in each area is calculated, and if the density is greater than a predetermined threshold, the area is considered to be a print area. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein 7. A marking area (10) having an indication for positioning the ribbon (10).
13) the said indication is detected by a ribbon (10) having a ribbon (10).
Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that is positioned with respect to the printhead (1) as a function of the indication. 8. A print ribbon (10) comprising at least one print carrier (1).
An apparatus for carrying out a method according to claim 1, wherein a number of images are printed successively by ink transfer on the housing, the housing accommodating a supply roll for supplying a printing ribbon (10); A housing for accommodating a collecting roll for collecting 10), a print head (1), and means (18, 19,
33, 39) wherein the ribbon (10) is fed from the supply roll to the print head (1).
And a means (18, 19, 34, 23, 35, 41, 26, 40) for transporting the carrier (100) through the feeder to the collection roll, and the carrier (100). Means designed to convey the ribbon (10) in the feed direction past the print head (1) and means (18) designed to convey the ribbon (10) in the return direction.
, 19, 34, 23, 28, 29, 32).
) In the feed direction and the return direction. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising means for tensioning the ribbon transported in the return direction. And means (18, 19, 3) for transporting the ribbon (10) in a return direction.
4,23,35,25,26,24) are designed to unwind the ribbon (10) from the collection roll and rewind the ribbon onto the supply roll.
Or the apparatus according to any of 9. 11. Apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a rotary drive means (32) mounted as a freewheel for driving the supply roll in the return direction. 12. Apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a rotary drive means (33) mounted as a freewheel for driving the collection roll in the feed direction. 13. A means (3) for decelerating the driving of a supply roll driven in a feeding direction.
Apparatus according to any of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that it comprises (0). 14. A means (3) for decelerating the drive of the recovery roll driven in the return direction.
Device according to any of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that it comprises (1).