FR2479123A1 - Fibre reinforced body panel - has thin outer metal skin with enamel finish to resemble ordinary panels - Google Patents
Fibre reinforced body panel - has thin outer metal skin with enamel finish to resemble ordinary panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2479123A1 FR2479123A1 FR8105739A FR8105739A FR2479123A1 FR 2479123 A1 FR2479123 A1 FR 2479123A1 FR 8105739 A FR8105739 A FR 8105739A FR 8105739 A FR8105739 A FR 8105739A FR 2479123 A1 FR2479123 A1 FR 2479123A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- fiber
- fibre
- composite material
- panels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
- B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
- B62D27/026—Connections by glue bonding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne des pièces d'enveloppe de carrosserie, en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, offrant un fini de surface supérieur aux pièces analogues existantes, pour véhicules automobiles. The present invention relates to bodywork parts, made of fiber-reinforced composite material, offering a surface finish superior to existing analogous parts, for motor vehicles.
Bien que l'utilisation de matériaux renforcés par des fibres pour des pièces d'enveloppe de carrosserie de véhicules automobiles offre des avantages en raison de l'économie de poids par rapport aux pièces en tôle usuelles, et bien que de telles pièces ne soient fabriquées isolément que dans une mesure extrêmement limitée, ces pièces n'ont pas pu s imposer pour des véhicules construits en grande série car elles n'atteignent pas le fini de surface actuellement d'usage. Although the use of fiber-reinforced materials for motor vehicle body shell parts offers advantages due to the weight savings compared to conventional sheet metal parts, and although such parts are not manufactured in isolation that to an extremely limited extent, these parts could not be imposed for vehicles built in large series because they do not reach the surface finish currently in use.
Le fini de surface insuffisant se fait particulibrement sentir lorsque de telles pièces en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres sont construites d'une manière adaptée à la matière mise en oeuvre, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'on fabrique des pièces en une seule partie, qui disposent d'une répartition des épaisseurs de paroi adaptée aux contraintes, de nervures de renforcement, et d'oeillets de fixation ou analogues. The insufficient surface finish is particularly noticeable when such parts of fiber-reinforced composite material are constructed in a manner suitable for the material used, that is to say when parts are manufactured in one part, which have a distribution of wall thicknesses adapted to the constraints, reinforcing ribs, and fixing eyelets or the like.
Compte tenu de ce qui précède, l'invention a pour objet de créer des pièces d'enveloppe de carrosserie, en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, pour véhicules automobiles qui offrent un meilleur fini de surface. In view of the above, the object of the invention is to create bodywork parts, made of fiber-reinforced composite material, for motor vehicles which offer a better surface finish.
A cet efèt, suivant l'invention, les surfaces tournees vers le côté visible sont revdtues d'une tôle de 0,1 à 1,0 mm d'épaisseur. To this end, according to the invention, the surfaces facing the visible side are coated with a sheet 0.1 to 1.0 mm thick.
L'invention vise également un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce d'enveloppe de carrosserie en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, dans lequel une tôle préformée d'une épaisseur de 0,1 à 1,0 mm est liée au matériau composite renforcé par des fibres. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a bodywork part made of fiber-reinforced composite material, in which a preformed sheet with a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm is bonded to the reinforced composite material. by fibers.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de ce procédé . la tôle préformée est liée à une pièce préfabriquée en
matériau composite renforcé par des fibres par collage . la tôle préformée est liée au matériau composite
renforcé par des fibres pendant le processus de
pressage de ce matériau.According to other characteristics of this process. the preformed sheet is linked to a prefabricated part in
composite material reinforced by fibers by bonding. the preformed sheet is linked to the composite material
fiber reinforced during the
pressing of this material.
Comme tôles, on peut utiliser les tôles, usuelles dans la construction de carrosseries, en métaux tels que l'aluminium, le fer ou leurs alliages. Comme la fonction de support est assurée essentiellement par le matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, des épaisseurs de tôle de 0,1 à 1,0 mm et de préférence de 0,4 à 0,6 mm suffisent. As sheets, one can use sheets, customary in the construction of bodies, in metals such as aluminum, iron or their alloys. As the support function is provided mainly by the fiber-reinforced composite material, sheet thicknesses of 0.1 to 1.0 mm and preferably 0.4 to 0.6 mm are sufficient.
La fabrication des pièces d'enveloppe de carrosserie peut s'effectuer de diverses manières. En général, la tôle métallique est amenée, dans une presse, à sa forme définitive, puis est alors liée à la pièce en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres préfabriquées, éventuellement avec utilisation d'un plilieu intermédiaire approprié tel qu'une colle, de la résine synthétique ou analogues. I1 est toutefois également possible de lier la talle préformée avec le matériau composite renforcé par des fibres pendant le processus de pressage proprement dit de celui-ci.Si la tôle est particulièrement facile à déformer, il est parfois également possible d'amener la tôle et la masse de matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, en un seul et même processus de pressage à la forme désirée mais, dans ce cas, le fini de surface est moins bon. The manufacture of bodywork parts can be carried out in various ways. In general, the metal sheet is brought, in a press, to its final shape, then is then linked to the part made of composite material reinforced with prefabricated fibers, possibly with the use of an appropriate intermediate layer such as an adhesive, synthetic resin or the like. It is however also possible to bond the preformed tiller with the fiber reinforced composite material during the actual pressing process thereof. If the sheet is particularly easy to deform, it is sometimes also possible to bring the sheet and the mass of fiber-reinforced composite material in a single pressing process to the desired shape, but in this case the surface finish is worse.
Comme fibres pour la masse de matériau composite renforcé par des fibres, on peut utiliser des fibres techniques de toute nature, telles que des fibres de
verre, de carbone ou de matière plastique. Des fibres
différentes peuvent également être mises en oeuvre dans
une seule et même pièce d'enveloppe. Pour obtenir un effet
de sandwich, on peut, par exemple, introduire dans le
moule des couches extérieures de fibres de carbone et des
couches intérieures de fibres de verre puis comprimer le
tout. Par application d'autres couches, on peut obtenir un
renforcement à des emplacements désirés.Pour les couches - de fibres, on peut également utiliser des nappes de fibres
orientées et fixées avec de la résine synthétique, nappes
dans lesquelles l'orientation des fibres est adaptée à la
charge ; on peut en outre utiliser des tissus en fibres
de carbone ou de verre résistantes ou encore un tissu
composite constitué par différents types de fibres et qui,
éventuellement, présentent, dans une direction préfé-
rentielle, une résistance mécanique particulière. Par un
choix approprié de l'orientation des fibres, on peut
également adapter la dilatation thermique de la pièce en
matériau composite renforcé par des fibres à la dilatation
thermique de la tôle.L'utilisation de nattes de fibres
imprégnées de résine synthétique dites "feuilles pré
imprégnées", qui durcissent dans le moule par chauffage,
est également particulierement avantageuse.As fibers for the mass of fiber-reinforced composite material, technical fibers of any kind may be used, such as
glass, carbon or plastic. Fibers
can also be implemented in
one and the same piece of envelope. To get an effect
sandwich, you can, for example, put in the
mold outer layers of carbon fibers and
inner layers of glass fiber then compress the
all. By applying other layers, one can obtain a
reinforcement in desired locations. For fiber layers, fiber batts can also be used.
oriented and fixed with synthetic resin, tablecloths
in which the orientation of the fibers is adapted to the
charge ; you can also use fiber fabrics
resistant carbon or glass or a fabric
composite made up of different types of fibers and which,
possibly present in a preferred direction
differential, a particular mechanical resistance. By a
appropriate choice of fiber orientation, we can
also adapt the thermal expansion of the part by
fiber reinforced composite material upon expansion
sheet metal. The use of fiber mats
impregnated with synthetic resin called "pre sheets
impregnated ", which harden in the mold by heating,
is also particularly advantageous.
Comme résines synthétiques conviennent particu
lièrement les résines synthétiques polymérisables bien
connues pour ces applications telles que, par exemple,
les résines époxydes, mais des matières synthétiques
thermoplastiques telles que les polyamides,les copolymères
d'acrylnitrile-butadiène-styrène (ABS) et les polycarbo
nates sont également utilisables. Les pourcentages de
résine et de fibres dans les pièces d'enveloppe peuvent
varier entre de larges limites. En général, le pourcentage de fibres atteint 20 à 70 %. Pour la fabrication de pièces particulièrement légères, on s'efforce d'obtenir un pourcentage de fibres aussi élevé que possible dans la pièce d'enveloppe.As synthetic resins are particularly suitable
smoothly synthetic polymerizable resins
known for these applications such as, for example,
epoxy resins, but plastics
thermoplastics such as polyamides, copolymers
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polycarbo
nates are also usable. The percentages of
resin and fiber in the envelope parts can
vary between wide limits. In general, the percentage of fibers reaches 20 to 70%. For the production of particularly light parts, an effort is made to obtain as high a percentage of fibers in the envelope part.
Les pièces d'énveloppe brutes sont pressées et polymérisées sous application de pression et de chaleur dans un moule jusqu'à obtention de leur forme définitive (procédé de pressage à chaud). Les couches de fibres ont en outre été précédemment imprégnées de résine synthétique, ou bien ne sont imprégnées de cette résine qu' après leur introduction dans le moule, après quoi elles sont pressées et durcies ; dans le moule, on peut insérer la talle préformée, qui se lie alors solidement à la pièce en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres lors du processus de pressage et de durcissement ; il est toutefois également possible de fabriquer séparément la pièce en matériau composite renforcé par des fibres et de ne la lier solidement avec la le préformée, par collage ou aspersion, qu'après le durcissement. The raw envelope parts are pressed and polymerized under the application of pressure and heat in a mold until their final shape is obtained (hot pressing process). The fiber layers have moreover been previously impregnated with synthetic resin, or else are impregnated with this resin only after their introduction into the mold, after which they are pressed and hardened; in the mold, one can insert the preformed tiller, which then binds securely to the piece of composite material reinforced with fibers during the pressing and hardening process; however, it is also possible to separately manufacture the piece of composite material reinforced with fibers and to bond it securely with the preformed, by gluing or spraying, only after hardening.
Dans les pièces d'enveloppe obtenues, le matériau composite renforcé par des fibres joue essentiellement le roule de support, tandis que la couche de tOle assure un fini de surface irréprochable. On obtient ainsi des pièces d'enveloppe particulièrement légères car la tôle peut être maintenue convenablement mince. Bien entendu, la tôle contribue également, dans une certaine mesure, à la rigidité de la construction. In the envelope parts obtained, the fiber-reinforced composite material essentially plays the support roll, while the sheet layer provides an impeccable surface finish. Particularly light envelope parts are thus obtained because the sheet can be kept suitably thin. Of course, the sheet also contributes, to a certain extent, to the rigidity of the construction.
Les pièces d'enveloppe de carrosserie suivant l'invention conviennent particulièrement bien pour toutes les pièces d'une enveloppe de véhicule pouvant être fabri quées en matériau renforcé par des fibres telles que, par exemple, les capots, les portes, le couvercle arrière, le couvercle de toit ouvrant, les portes de panneau arrière, tant pour des voitures particulières que pour des véhicules utilitaires. Elles combinent un faiblé poids avec un bon amortissement des vibrations et surtout offrent un bon fini de surface. The bodywork casing parts according to the invention are particularly suitable for all the parts of a vehicle casing which can be manufactured from material reinforced with fibers such as, for example, the covers, the doors, the rear cover, the sunroof cover, the rear panel doors, both for passenger cars and for commercial vehicles. They combine low weight with good vibration damping and above all offer a good surface finish.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803011336 DE3011336A1 (en) | 1980-03-25 | 1980-03-25 | BODY OUTER SKIN PARTS MADE OF COMPOSITE FIBER MATERIAL FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2479123A1 true FR2479123A1 (en) | 1981-10-02 |
Family
ID=6098170
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8105739A Withdrawn FR2479123A1 (en) | 1980-03-25 | 1981-03-23 | Fibre reinforced body panel - has thin outer metal skin with enamel finish to resemble ordinary panels |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS56146752A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3011336A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2479123A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2542270A1 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-09-14 | Renault | COMPOSITE BODY ELEMENTS |
EP0307600A1 (en) * | 1987-09-12 | 1989-03-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 | Sheet metal body shell component for vehicles |
FR2863578A1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-17 | Peguform France | Hood for motor vehicle, has inner lining made of material more fragile than material of wall, and having ribs extending over part of wall surface, where lining is fixed to inner side of wall |
GB2540634A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-01-25 | Np Aerospace Ltd | Armoured vehicle |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3428128A1 (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1986-02-13 | Audi AG, 8070 Ingolstadt | METHOD FOR PRODUCING OUTER SKIN PARTS FOR VEHICLES, AND OUTER SKIN PART MANUFACTURED BY THE METHOD |
DE3543895A1 (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1987-06-19 | Thyssen Stahl Ag | HEAT-RESISTANT, LIGHT AND PERMANENTLY PAINTABLE LIGHT COMPONENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE VEHICLE INDUSTRY |
DE8601811U1 (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1986-12-04 | Lorenz & Co GmbH, 6633 Wadgassen | Self-supporting or supporting body for passenger cars |
DE3728757A1 (en) * | 1987-04-18 | 1989-03-09 | Harry Apprich | METHOD FOR REINFORCING METAL VEHICLE CHASSIS |
DE3713302A1 (en) * | 1987-04-18 | 1988-11-03 | Harry Apprich | Method for reinforcing the metallic chassis, in particular of the body platform of passenger vehicles |
DE3818479A1 (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-07 | Huels Troisdorf | Composite material comprising a metal layer, an adhesion promoter and a polypropylene layer |
DE3818478A1 (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-07 | Huels Troisdorf | Composite material comprising a metal layer and a fibre-reinforced polypropylene layer |
DE4103036A1 (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-08-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | MOLDED VEHICLE COMPONENT |
AT402905B (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1997-09-25 | Steyr Daimler Puch Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIGHT AND STIFF COMPONENTS AND PARTS PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD |
DE19523112C2 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 2003-09-18 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Body component, in particular vehicle door or hood, and a method for producing the same |
DE10002642A1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-08-16 | Ticona Gmbh | Metal and plastic composite made of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics |
DE10238669A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-18 | Audi Ag | Three-dimensionally shaped component, in particular a motor vehicle body component |
DE102006058602B4 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2016-06-30 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Method for producing a B-pillar arrangement of a motor vehicle |
DE102006058601B4 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2011-04-28 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Method for producing a body and chassis component as well as body and chassis component |
DE102009042272B4 (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2021-05-20 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Lightweight component, method for producing a lightweight component and motor vehicle with a lightweight component |
DE102012107017A1 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-06 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Method for ensuring trouble-free transmission of electronic signals of tire pressure control system in wheel of passenger car, involves inserting and/or applying lacquer-layer and aluminum wires in or on wheel housing and plastic part |
DE102013205745A1 (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing an assembly and assembly |
FR3030356B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2019-04-05 | Renault S.A.S | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HYBRID STRUCTURE PIECE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE AND CORRESPONDING HYBRID STRUCTURE PART |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU5488265A (en) * | 1966-02-09 | 1967-08-10 | Buchanan Cobden Dumoulin Edward | Improvements in and relating tothe bodies of vehicles andthe like |
DE6603537U (en) * | 1967-02-21 | 1969-10-09 | Gundernhausen Chemie | MOTOR VEHICLE BODY OR PARTS THEREOF |
-
1980
- 1980-03-25 DE DE19803011336 patent/DE3011336A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-03-23 JP JP4052181A patent/JPS56146752A/en active Pending
- 1981-03-23 FR FR8105739A patent/FR2479123A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU5488265A (en) * | 1966-02-09 | 1967-08-10 | Buchanan Cobden Dumoulin Edward | Improvements in and relating tothe bodies of vehicles andthe like |
DE6603537U (en) * | 1967-02-21 | 1969-10-09 | Gundernhausen Chemie | MOTOR VEHICLE BODY OR PARTS THEREOF |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2542270A1 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-09-14 | Renault | COMPOSITE BODY ELEMENTS |
EP0119131A1 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-09-19 | Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault | Composite body element |
EP0307600A1 (en) * | 1987-09-12 | 1989-03-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 | Sheet metal body shell component for vehicles |
FR2863578A1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-17 | Peguform France | Hood for motor vehicle, has inner lining made of material more fragile than material of wall, and having ribs extending over part of wall surface, where lining is fixed to inner side of wall |
GB2540634A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-01-25 | Np Aerospace Ltd | Armoured vehicle |
GB2540634B (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2018-01-03 | Np Aerospace Ltd | Armoured vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3011336A1 (en) | 1981-10-01 |
JPS56146752A (en) | 1981-11-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ST | Notification of lapse |