ES2289844B1 - A CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM BASED ON PREFABRICATED PLATES. - Google Patents

Abstract

A construction system based on prefabricated plates. The invention relates to a system specially designed for starting from certain prefabricated plates, totally novel, and with the help of components designed to change them, creating a new construction system for all types of buildings. For this and within the same technology of the recommended system, floor slabs, cover plates, simple non-structural and load plates, and double enclosure plates with an intermediate layer of thermal insulation will be manufactured.

Description

A plate-based construction system prefabricated

The present invention patent application it consists just as its title indicates in "A system of construction based on prefabricated plates "whose new construction, conformation and design characteristics meet the mission for which it has been specifically designed with a maximum safety and effectiveness.

More specifically the invention relates to a system specially designed for certain prefabricated plates, completely new, and with the help of components designed to combine them, create a New construction system for all types of buildings. For this and within the same technology of the recommended system is they will manufacture floor slabs, cover plates, simple plates not  structural and loading, and double enclosure plates with a intermediate layer of thermal insulation. Basically thanks to this system is able to transfer the workload, from the work to the factory, where the plates and components are made later they will be detailed.

This system of structural plates is very simplified by making the plates work like beams of great singing, in this way the distribution of charges, upon reaching the level of foundation becomes punctual, this way you can adapt the foundation to the characteristics of the land. In the event that the resistant terrain is superficial, the adapted solution will be that of insulated shoes, if the resistant ground is semi-deep foundation pits will be used, if the Rugged terrain is deep, you will opt for the piles.

The system in what is another novel aspect of the invention does not necessarily have to adapt to some plate standards, but they can be of any measure continue to be of the same system, when a combination of inner armor that forms one or more reticles with its perimeter reinforcements, according to the edge of the plate, rising with formwork metal profiles inside the panel, which allow join them together through arc welding.

They exist in the market and therefore can considered as state of the art construction systems such as those described in the Spanish invention patent by "Procedure for the construction of buildings" No. 540.232, of the same holder in which some pieces are described and claimed flattened that are molded on the same pavement, and on which then placed as side walls of buildings and, which obtained by placing the appropriate rod framework of assembly and the corresponding pouring of concrete mass, in the defined space on the indicated pavement, by a frame constituted by a metal frame constituted by means of rules metal of appropriate dimensions, which are placed on it and, they are fixed on it in a detachable way, leaving such pieces supported horizontally on the pavement to its total setting.

Also in Spanish invention patent no. 9902834 additional to the previous one, some improvements are claimed whereby the movement and translation of the pieces flattened is secured by the situation in each piece of four anchor points, two in the upper corner and two in the in the side frames of the base, with the inclusion in the ends of said frames of plates, which have been welded a hook, being able to be welded to the plate or to  The resistant structure of the plate.

The pieces manufactured by what is the object of the present system, they adopt as described previously any type of configuration, with thicknesses of 8, 10 m.m and the like, inside, in the simple pieces you find a structure formed by double 15 x mesh 30 m.m in diameter, and some U-shaped connectors that join said mesh by its lateral and horizontal ends, with some structural profiles as a re-fence, at its ends lateral and horizontal provided in the same and distances of the corresponding hooks for handling the plates, joining the profiles with the mesh with said connectors by means of a continuous welding flattened with cord.

In the event that the previous plates present openings for windows and similar doors, come reinforced by prisoners on the perimeters of the openings, forming a frame resistant to them.

The parts used for enclosure, they will be formed by a structural inner plate, in the part intermediate an isolation chamber and on the outside a plate of smaller thickness than the interior with enclosure function. The inner structure of the inner plate is the same as that the openings, that defined for simple plates, at same as the enclosure plate varying only the thickness that in the inner plate is 80 m.m while in the enclosure is  of 60 m.m. Double plate placement is done just like the simple ones through the appropriate hooks.

Other details and features will go away showing in the course of the description that to It follows in which reference is made to the drawings that to this memory they are accompanied in those that in a schematic way They represent the preferred details. These details are cited to title example but not limited to the invention.

Follow below a list of main elements involved in the invention and that found in the planes; (10) single plate, (11) double plate of enclosure, (12) fence profile, (13) connector, (14) mesh single, (15) connector, (16) double mesh, (17) coating stone or work, (18) floor slab, (19) plates, (20) enclosure formed by double plates (11), (21) cover plates, (22) support panels, (23) hook, (24) eave, (25) openings, (26) "UPN", (27) inmates, (28) round, (29) drills, (30) round, (31) drill, (32) sheet, (33, 34, 35 and 36) plate, (37) cords, (38) polyurethane padding, (39) mortar, (40) insulator, (41) mortar layer, (42) tiles, (43) slate pieces, (44) plate interior, (45) hollow, (46) floor, (47) pavement, (48) deck, (49) plate, (50) connector, (51) round reinforcement, (52) face exterior, (53) ridge, (54) foundation pit, (55) shoes, (56) forged, (57) outer plate, (58) round coarrugados, (59) mortar layer, (60) asphalt cloth, (61) concrete cleaning, (62) filler mortar, (63) expanded polyurethane plate, (64) concrete slab.

Figure 1 (a) is an elevation view, (b) is a longitudinal section, (c) is a cross section of a simple plate (10), manufactured according to the system of the present invention.

Figure 2 (a) is a view in elevation, (b) a cross section of a double plate of enclosure (11), (c and d) cross sections, manufactured according to the system of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective of a profile (12) used for the re-enclosure of the double enclosure plate (eleven).

Figure 4 (a) is a detail of a connector (15) for joining a profile (26) to a mesh (14) not present in the figure, (b) of a connector (15) to a double mesh (16) and profile (26).

Figure 5 is a detail of an arrangement in a survey profile (12), for the transfer and assembly of a double enclosure plate (11), (a) longitudinal section, (b) in cross section, (c) in a plan view.

Figure 6 is a detail of the meeting of two double plate walls (11) forming an outer corner.

Figure 7 is a detail of the meeting of two double plate walls (11), with stone or work covering (17) forming an inner corner.

Figure 8 is another detail of the meeting of two double plate walls (11) forming an inner corner.

Figure 9 is an alternative detail of the encounter of two double plate walls (11) forming corner interior, with an outer layer of stone or work.

Figure 10 is a detail of the meeting between two walls formed by a simple concrete plate (10), (a) with an interior stone and work covering (17), (b) with a exterior covering (17) of stone or work.

Figure 11 is a detail of the meeting of a floor slab (18) with an outer double plate (11), on a floor or pavement (47) is arranged on the plate (18).

Figure 12 is a floor slab (a) plan view (b), in longitudinal section (c) in section cross.

Figure 13 is a detail for arrangement of a hook (28) with holes (29) on a floor slab (18).

Figure 14 is a detail of some plates (19) for welds in perpendicular encounters between plates (10) and (11), with their connectors (50) welded to (19), (a) in profile (b) on the upper floor, (c) in elevation, (d) in perspective.

Figure 15 is a perspective with a detail of the meeting of some slabs (18) with its pavement (47) and double vertical enclosure plates (11),  joined by welding profiles (26).

Figure 16 is a longitudinal section partial detail of the connection of slabs (18) with the help of some profiles (26).

Figure 17 is a cross section in elevation of the encounter between double vertical plates (11) with a floor slab (18) with its pavement (47).

Figure 18 is a perspective of the construction of an enclosure (20) based on two double plates (11), at the same height with the help of plates (48).

Figure 19 is a perspective of the construction of an enclosure (21) based on two double plates (11) at a different height, by means of plates (49).

Figure 20 is a plan view (a) of a cover plate (21), (b) a longitudinal section, (c) a cross section.

Figure 21 are some perspectives illustrative (a) of placing cover plates with eave  (24) forming a visible roof, and (b) resting on some enclosure plates (11) with the help of support panels (22).

Figure 22 is a detailed perspective of joining cover plates with eave (24), (a) is a view of the union of two cover plates with eave (24), with the help of profiles (26), (b) is a view of some support panels (22) for the cover plates with eave (24).

Figure 23 is a cross section in partial elevation of a cover plate (21) with detail of the hook (23) for transfer solidarity with a double mesh (16).

Figure 24 is a cross section in elevation of a cover eave piece (24).

Figure 25 is a cross section in partial elevation of an Arab tile roof (42) based on plates cover (24) with encounter with double enclosure plates (eleven).

Figure 26 is a partial elevation cross-section of a roof with slate pieces (43) with double enclosure plates meeting
(eleven).

Figure 27 is a perspective in which show (a) the way of joining single (10) or double (11) plates among them, (b) between them (10) and a floor slab (18) a base of plates (33, 34 and 35).

Figure 28 is a connection detail of panels of all types single or double to testa (10.11) by ends by welding (37) profiles (26).

Figure 29 is a cross section in partial elevation of a double plate junction detail (11) with welding (37) of the profiles (26).

Figure 30 is a cross section in elevation, partial of a detail of union of simple plates (10) by welding (37) profiles (26).

Figure 31 is a cross section in partial elevation with a ridge detail (53) with a roof tile (42) based on cover plates (21) protected with a layer insulator (40).

Figure 32 is a cross section in partial elevation with a ridge detail (53) with a zinc using cover plates (21) protected with a layer insulator (40) and slate pieces (43).

Figure 33 is a perspective of a plate (49) designed for joining double plates (10) such and as detailed in the following figure.

Figure 34 is a longitudinal section partial elevation of the junction of a simple vertical plate (10), with another simple horizontal plate (10) with the aid of a plate (49).

Figure 35 is a perspective of a plate (50) designed to allow the joining of two simple panels (10)

Figure 36 is a longitudinal section in elevation of the connection detail of a simple vertical plate (10) with a simple horizontal plate (10) with the aid of a plate (fifty).

Figure 37 is a longitudinal section in elevation of the union of two plates (11) with the help of a plate (50) and welding (37) in the reordering profiles (26).

Figure 38 is a longitudinal section in elevation of the union of two plates (10) with the help of a plate (50) and welding (37) in the reordering profiles (26).

Figure 39 is a longitudinal section partial elevation of a foundation well (54) constructed of according to the object of the invention.

Figure 40 is a longitudinal section in partial elevation of insulated shoes (55) constructed of according to the system object of the invention on which it rests double plates (11).

Figure 41 is a longitudinal section in elevation of a surface foundation detail by means of shoes isolated (55), in land filled by forging (56).

In one of the preferred embodiments of what It is the object of the present invention patent application, the recommended system is formed by the combination of following elements:

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Simple plates (10).

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Double enclosure plates (11) with an inner plate (44) and an outer plate (57).

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Forging plate 18.

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Cover plate (21).

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Support panels (22).

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Eaves (24).

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Plates (33, 34, 35, 36, 48 and 49).

Simple plates (10) is one of the objects of the invention as can be seen in figure 1, is formed by a structure of double meshes (16) filled with concrete with a fence at its lateral ends with the corresponding "UPN" (26), all formwork within a mold. In the case where said simple plates (10) present openings (25), they are reinforced in their perimeter by the corresponding inmates (27), figure nº joining the meshes (16) to those who are "UPN" (26) by connectors (15), as can be seen in the view (c) of figure 1.

The double closing plates (11) as  can be seen in figure 2, they have the same structure resistant than that described for simple plates (10), unless as can be seen in figure 2b, it is formed for two plates an exterior (57) of 60 m.m with function of enclosure and an interior (44) of 80 m.m thick with function structural, with an intermediate insulating layer (40).

To reinforce the openings (25) as can be seen in figure 20, the same procedure is followed than described for the plates (10). The union of the meshes double (16) of the double closing plates (11) with the UPN (26) of approach, can be seen in figure 3 and 4 in which "UPN" (26) in its horizontal part, receive the connectors (15) perpendicular to them and parallel to their wings. In the case where the plate is double (11) the connectors being perpendicular to the base of (26), are perpendicular to their wings, as you can see in figure 4b.

Since the plates object of the present system (10), (11), (18), (21) and (22) are difficult to transfer because of their weight, and to facilitate its handling it is planned in them, such and as can be seen in figure 5, of hooks formed by round ones (30) as can be seen in figure 5 (a) and (c) soldiers on the wings of an "UPN" (26), having planned in the horizontal part of (26) of a drill (31), so that the operator with his crane passes the hook of said device through the drill (31), surrounding the round (30) and, being in a situation of move the double plate (11).

Another alternative embodiment of hook is the one It is shown in figure 5b), which shows the "UPN" (26) to which the round (30) has been welded at wings thereof, and the connector (15) to a metal sheet of coverage (32).

The floor slabs (18) that can be seen in Figure 12 is composed of a double mesh (16) and seen (b) and can be manipulated by hooks which, as they can be seen in figure 13, they are formed by a round (28) U-shaped which in turn extend into arms horizontal, which are welded to the double mesh (16) Preventing on the surface of the plates (18) of some holes (29), as can be seen in Figure 12 (a) and (13), so that the hook of a conventional crane is placed by under the round (28), and in this way the transfer of said floor slabs (18) until they are located at the point suitable.

The cover plates (21) as you can see in figure 20 (a) and (b) have a structure formed  by a double mesh (16) to which two rounds have been added corrugated (58) as reinforcement system for hooks plate manipulation (21), described and represented in Figure 13.

The construction system using the plates  single (10) double (11), forged (18) and deck (21) can be seen by combining them as shown in Figure 27 in which by joining the "UPN" (26) of approach, they are welded to the head as can be seen in the detail 1 and 3 of view b) of figure 27, or by simple plates (19), (33), (34) and (35) welded to the "UPN" (26) at the appropriate points as shown in details 2, 4 and 5. In the same figure nº 27, view (b) shows the same construction as in view (a) but exploded with greater detail of the plate joining system (10) and (11), or to testa with continuous welding flattened with cords (37), or with the help of the corresponding plates (33), (34) and (35) resting on a floor slab (18) and solidarity (10) to (18) by means of plates (33).

Double deck plates with eaves (24) as can be seen in figure 21 (b) they are supported by  support panels (22), which configure the geometry of the cover and the inclination of the cover plates (21) or of eave (24). As can be seen in the view (a), two plates of cover (21) are attached to testa by welding the "UPN" (26) of approach by means of plates (36), placed at regular distances, in turn, the plates (21) rest on the panels (22), and these on the top of the "UPN" of coated (26) located on the plates (11).

In the event that the roof of a building It is formed by several cover plates with eave (24), themselves, as can be seen in figure 22 view (a), join by flat welding with horizontal cords (37) 4 cm in the reordering profiles (26).

With the same procedure, it is possible to build all types of roofs, as shown in figures 25, 26, 31 and 32, in which a roof section can be seen with encounter with double plates (11), provided of the corresponding thermal insulator (40), so that the cover plate with eave (24) rests on the double plate (11) and more specifically on the "UPN" (26) approach, interposing the corresponding polyurethane padding projected (38) and, the mortar (39), placing an insulating plate (40) on top of the cover plate (24) and on it, a mortar plate (41) and finally the corresponding tiles
(42).

In another embodiment analogous to the previous one such and As can be seen in Figure 26, the roof is constructed by the same system as described for figure 25 with the only change slate pieces (43) instead of shingles (42).

The formation of soils in constructions of floors is done by joining floor slabs (18) with double plates (11) as can be seen in figures 15, 16 and 17. In figure 15, the union of a double plate (11) is shown or a slab plate (18), by cutting the inner face (44) of (11), for the entrance to the testa of the plate (18). The wall of enclosure is formed by plates (11) by welding the heads Corresponding "UPN" (26), and the plates of forged (18) are housed in the hollow (45) delimited by the two inner faces (44) of said plates (11).

A floor (46) is formed for example by one or more floor slabs (18) as can be seen in figure no. 16, joined through the "UPN" (26) depositing in the face top of the forging plate (18) a layer of filler mortar (62) for the passage of the facilities if necessary, and pavement pieces (47) above the layer (42).

In case you want to form walls of double enclosures, are placed at regular distances of 150 cm, as shown in figure 18 rectangular plates (48) welded to the "UPN" wings (26) of the plates (11) by welding 4 cm on each side of the plate. In the case of that the enclosure wall is formed by two plates (10) or (11) at a different height, L-shaped plates (49) are used that they are welded at one end to the base of the profile (26) and by the other end to one of the wings of "UPN" (26), as you can see in figure 19.

The union of plates are simple (10) or double (11) at its ends, it can be seen in figures nº 28, 29 and 30, in which the welding of the metal profiles is used or "UPN" (26), by means of simple flat welding with bead (37), whether it is double mesh plates (16), as they are shown in figure 37 as if they are simple plates mesh (14), see figure 38.

The union of single or double plates (10, 11) by its ends can be realized, as can be seen in the Figures 35 and 36, with the help of some plates (49), such and as shown in figure 35 (a), incorporated by connectors (50) to the mesh (14 or 16) of figure 34 and 36, adding a round of reinforcement (51) and welding the body of the plate (49) to profile (26).

Another aspect of the invention is the union of single or double panels (10) and (11) at their ends by welding of the bottom metal profiles (26) with plate (50) to the floor (18) as can be seen in the Figures 37 and (38).

The encounters of two double plates (11) forming outer corner is performed as can be seen in the Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 (a) and (b), by joining testa de said plates (11) and in some cases placing a filling of projected polyurethane (38) trimming the inner face (44) of the double plates (11), (see figure 6). The encounter of a plate double (11) with a single plate (10) see figure 7, and the coating of the latter (10) by an outer layer of stone (17), is made by incorporating a projected polyurethane (38) between (10) and (17), trimming the inner face (44) and welding the outer face (52) by the "UPN" (26) corresponding to the "UPN" (26) of the plate (10).

To complete the recommended system and for support and consolidation of the plates (10, 11), have been designed a foundation wells (54) in which the plates doubles (11) or similar, rest on a concrete slab (64) formed by a concrete shoe (55), resting in turn on cleaning concrete (61) on sturdy ground, see figures no. 39 and 40, the floor is constructed with a layer of mortar (59) and on top of a pavement (47).

In the case of landfill or similar in the foundation pieces, see figure 41 is added a forging structure (56) as a reinforcement below the shoe (55), in order to increase the resistance of the foundation supporting construction based on the aforementioned plates (10, 11), the floor is constructed with a layer of mortar (59) and on top of a pavement (47).

Suitably described the present invention in correspondence with the attached plans, it is easy to understand that any modifications of detail deemed appropriate, as long as it is not introduce in the same modifications that alter the essence of the invention that is summarized in the following claims.

Claims (16)

1. A construction system based on prefabricated plates, using factory-built plates with molds based on the combination of a sturdy structure and mass concrete, characterized in that said system stands as a single combination of simple plates (10), of double plates (11), forged plates (18), cover plates (21) and eave plates (24) joined together by welding cords (37), applied to some "UPN" profiles (26) depending on the close-up of said plates (10, 11, 18, 21 and 24) by their edges, assisted in the necessary cases by means of plates (19, 33, 34, 35, 36, 48 and 49 ). 2. A construction system based on prefabricated plates, according to the first claim characterized in that the single plates (10) are formed by a structure of double meshes (14) in which connectors are welded at regular distances (15) in form of "U", which in turn are welded by their ends to the "UPN" of fence (26) and all filled with concrete in the corresponding mold. 3. A construction system based on prefabricated plates, according to the first claim characterized in that the double plates (11) are formed by two simple plates, an interior (44) 60 mm thick at 200 mm with structural function, and another exterior (57) of 60 mm with enclosure function, with an intermediate insulating layer (40) of 40 to 80 mm, internally incorporates a resistant structure formed by double meshes (16) to which the corresponding connectors (15) are welded in the form of "U" which in turn are welded to the "UPN" (26) of the fence, and fill all this of concrete in mass in the corresponding mold. 4. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized according to the preceding claims in which when the plates (10) and (11) have openings (25), the plates {10) and (11) are reinforced by prisoners (27 ) reinforcement throughout the perimeter of the openings (25) welded to single or double meshes (14) and (16), filling all this with concrete in the corresponding mass
mold. 5. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized according to the first claim in which the slabs (18) are formed by a double-mesh structure (16), the same being welded at regular distances connectors (15) in the form of "U" which at the same time are welded by their free ends to "UPN" approach (26), incorporating said round (16) rounded rounded longitudinal reinforcement (58), distributing systems at regular distances of hook formed by hooks (28) in the form of "U", whose arms extend horizontally and are welded to the structure of double mesh (16), anticipating the vertical of (28) holes (29) for the passage of conventional hooks. 6. A construction system based on prefabricated plates characterized according to the first claim in which the recommended system uses plates (19) (33), (34), (35) welded to the "UPN" (26) approach, for the solidarity of single or double plates (10) and (11) to floor slabs (18). 7. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized according to the first claim in which the eave cover plates (24) rest on panels (22), the latter defining the geometry of the roof and resting (22) on walls of enclosure formed by double plates (11). 8. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized in accordance with the first and seventh claims in which eave cover plates (24) welded to the head are used for the formation of roofs with the aid of plates (36) located at intervals regular on the UPN profiles (26) of re-enclosure of the plates (21). 9. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized according to the first claim in which the enclosure walls may be formed by double plates (11) joined at regular distances by angular plates (49) welded by one of its ends to the profile ( 26) and at its base, and at the other end to one of the wings of another profile (26). 10. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized according to the first claim in which the enclosure walls may be formed by two double plates (11) joined together with their "UPN" (26) by means of rectangular plates (48) welded by its smaller bases to the wings of said profiles (26) on each side of (48). 11. A system of construction based on prefabricated plates characterized according to the first, second and third claims in which in the constructions of floors in the formation of floors, floor slabs (18) with double plates (11) intervene, cutting the inner face (44) of (11) for the entrance to the front of the plate (18), the edge of (18) being housed in the recess (45) delimited by the inner faces (44). 12. A system of construction based on prefabricated plates characterized according to the first claim in which the floors are formed by the joining of two "UPNs" of fence (26) of slabs (18) by means of discontinuous welding of the profiles (26 ) and placement of a mortar layer (62) and on the wall the pavement (46). 13. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized according to the first and seventh claims in which the formation of roofs is formed by supporting the eave cover plates (24) on double plates (11) interposing in the contact area between ( 24) and (11) a projected polyurethane padding (38) and a mortar (39) and above the plate (24) a thermal insulator (40), a mortar (41) and an Arabic tile finish (42) or pieces of slate (43). 14. A prefabricated plate-based construction system characterized according to the first claim in which a cover may be formed by the cover plates (21) are joined at regular distances by plates (36) welded to the "UPN" (26) at regular distances, covered (21) by thermal insulation (40), a layer of mortar (41) and this by tiles (42) and ridge (53). 15. A system of construction based on prefabricated plates characterized according to the first, second, third and twelfth claims in which in the constructions of floors in the formation of floors intervened floor slabs (18) with double plates (11), cutting the inner face (44) of (11) for the entrance to the front of the plate (18), the edge of (18) being housed in the hollow (45) delimited by the inner faces (44) and the "UPN" (26) being welded ) respectively of the edge of the inner plates (44) of (11) with the "UPN" (26) of the edge of the floor slab (18). 16. A construction system based on prefabricated plates characterized according to the first, second, third, twelfth and sixteenth claims in which the union of a simple vertical plate (10) to another horizontal plate (10) is carried out with the aid of a plate (49) to which a "UPN" (26) of the edge of the horizontal plate (10) and its connectors (15) welded to the simple meshes (14) and the connectors (50) of the single plate are welded (10) to the meshes (14) of this with a reinforcement inmate (51).