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WO2022018307A1 - Construction procedure, construction system and prefabricated construction plates for carrying out this procedure - Google Patents

Construction procedure, construction system and prefabricated construction plates for carrying out this procedure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022018307A1
WO2022018307A1 PCT/ES2020/070475 ES2020070475W WO2022018307A1 WO 2022018307 A1 WO2022018307 A1 WO 2022018307A1 ES 2020070475 W ES2020070475 W ES 2020070475W WO 2022018307 A1 WO2022018307 A1 WO 2022018307A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
construction
plates
link
module
interactive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2020/070475
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luis Manuel GARCIA CASTRO
Original Assignee
PALMA GONZÁLEZ, Angel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PALMA GONZÁLEZ, Angel filed Critical PALMA GONZÁLEZ, Angel
Priority to PCT/ES2020/070475 priority Critical patent/WO2022018307A1/en
Publication of WO2022018307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022018307A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design

Definitions

  • the present invention refers, in a first aspect, to a construction procedure that allows to carry out a sustainable, industrialized and automated execution of any type of construction through the use of prefabricated construction plates equipped with means of transmitting information to one or more devices over a wired or wireless connection.
  • the present construction procedure applies a parametric method of cutting that, starting from a three-dimensional digital development of the construction to be carried out, called here digital volumetry, allows the surfaces of said digital volumetry to be broken down into a succession of constructive plates equipped with means transmission of information, so as to facilitate production in the factory, efficient transport to the place of destination and recomposition and mechanization in an automated or manual manner on site in order to carry out the construction.
  • the invention provides a construction system that allows carrying out the aforementioned procedure.
  • the invention relates to prefabricated construction plates adapted to carry out such a procedure.
  • the present invention finds its application in construction, more specifically, in relation to prefabricated and modular construction systems linked to the loT (for its acronym in English, "Internet of things” - Internet of things) and intelligence artificial.
  • prefabricated construction plates equipped with means of transmitting information to one or more devices by a cable or wireless connection also called here “interactive multi-link plates”
  • interactive multi-link plates it will be understood in reference to construction plates prefabricated that are detectable (readable), localizable and controllable through a loT communications network and that allow the traceability, virtualization and automation of the construction process of the invention, improving its efficiency and reducing the accumulation of errors, so common in the traditional processes.
  • the multilink interactive plates of the invention allow the development of any type of surface or three-dimensional element for construction, either by l the combination of surfaces with different degrees of inclination or by the connection of these surfaces with other prefabricated systems outside the invention. Consequently, the interactive multilink plates facilitate the construction of floor, floor, wall, roof, ceiling surfaces, enclosures, partitions, furniture and any other type of structural or non-structural surface necessary for the construction and its machining to other complementary elements, such as pillars, beams, carpentry, tensors, anchors, substructures, installations, finishes, etc..., allowing to meet the needs of any project, from the simplest to the most complex, with dry joints and allowing subsequent disassembly if necessary. necessary.
  • the multi-link interactive panels incorporate loT (internet of things) to be readable, locatable and controllable through a loT communications network and thus allow traceability, virtualization and automation of construction processes.
  • the present application redefines both the construction systems and the construction processes for the integral realization of constructions in a fast, dry, precise, simple and safer way for assembly workers than traditional systems, also allowing their disassembly for subsequent reuse if necessary or desirable.
  • the construction sector continues to be, today, an outdated industrial model, weighed down by low levels of productivity, traditional ways of operating and with a high impact on the environment and climate change. Unlike other sectors, such as the manufacturing industry, transport or services, it has not yet made its technological transition towards automation and the use of data to generate a new relationship space between companies and consumers, and increase optimization and control of its processes; just as it has not adapted its construction techniques to be able to join the circular economy.
  • Construction procedures are the processes, systems and methods available to carry out a work following an ordered set of construction rules and practices according to the experience and technical and scientific knowledge of the sector.
  • the current state of the art includes different types of construction procedures and methods such as traditional, structural panels, wood, prefabricated modules, industrialized, bidirectional and three-dimensional construction, among others.
  • construction procedures and methods such as traditional, structural panels, wood, prefabricated modules, industrialized, bidirectional and three-dimensional construction, among others.
  • elements that are used in these construction procedures such as plates, slabs, parts, models and types of houses and buildings, all prefabricated, which are made from different materials such as aluminum, steel, plates, wood and concrete, among others, the latter being the most used in practice.
  • the current loT platforms for buildings and infrastructures allow the building equipment that remains distributed to be connected with devices and sensors that use a wide variety of protocols, which send the data they generate to services and applications located in the cloud, to be subsequently analyzed by Business Intelligence (Bl) systems, analytics, and dashboards.
  • Bl Business Intelligence
  • the artificial intelligence used in the construction sector will allow the use of data collected from models, simulations and even through physical elements, such as sensors, within the already completed constructions, in order to transform the construction process. design or, at least, innovate with each new construction project.
  • a new perspective is offered from which to imagine how to take advantage of existing information, data, both from previous modeling, and data from buildings already built.
  • document W02005113912A1 describes a construction system based on prefabricated plates for the construction of walls, floors and ceilings and whose elaboration is carried out in factory molds. The plate combines a strong peripheral structure comprising U-shaped channels, mesh and poured mass concrete.
  • connection elements welded to the inner periphery of the channels and may also comprise insulators.
  • Document ES 2569130B1 also describes prefabricated modular construction elements and a modular construction system that uses said elements for the construction of buildings of any use independently or in association both on the same plane and at different heights, such elements being self-supporting.
  • the present invention provides innovative elements and presents functional advantages by facilitating an intelligent construction procedure that is based on the decomposition into pieces of a constructive volume from a parametric geometric system that proposes the use of plates specific multi-link interactions and which, related to loT elements and artificial intelligence, provide the procedure with greater precision, traceability and control.
  • the present invention provides multi-link interactive plates that include a series of joining means for machining or joining other plates of the invention or any other construction element by dry joint, facilitating the machining of the grid of connection points and making the assembly solid as a whole.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is based on the fact that it allows the designer freedom of choice and allows the reuse of multi-link interactive panels, being able to develop fixed or temporary installations for any use.
  • the invention also promotes lower production costs, greater speed in the execution of the works, optimizes the quality of their finish, reduces occupational risks and provides a high-strength monolithic structure based on multi-link interactive plate joints.
  • the present invention provides a construction method that includes the following stages: i) creation of a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out by means of a data acquisition module that acts dynamically Real time; ii) decomposition or exploded view of the digitized design, by means of a parametric exploded view method, carried out in an intelligent exploded view module, which breaks down all the volumetry surfaces of the digitized design into a series of prefabricated, transportable and machinable interactive multi-link plates, arranging the plates of a network of inter-plate connection points distributed over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner and each of the plates including at least one loT communication element; iii) generation of a construction project in a control unit from the breakdown and real-time dynamic information received from the data acquisition module, including the construction project: a) the mechanization of the multilink plates, for which which the control unit includes signal adaptation devices configured to transform the orders of the control unit into signals understood by the machinery
  • the interactive multi-link boards mentioned and used in the method of the invention can be made of any material, with any measurements and placed in any position or degree of inclination, being made up of two surfaces (surface and bottom) and four sides.
  • these interactive multi-link plates have a network of inter-plate link points spread over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner in order to join each other defining any desired three-dimensional or two-dimensional structure, supporting such structure, and/or to couple other construction elements.
  • step ii) of the method of the invention to provide the interactive multilink boards with a network of link points, these are distributed according to one or more of the following:
  • attachment points can be shaped to receive any appropriate connection means with another plate, for example bolts, screws, threaded rods, magnets, or any type of dry connection, which can be through or non-through connection means.
  • each matrix of connection points generates a specific family of plates to be used for the breakdown of stage ii) described above.
  • a plurality of typological variants of multi-link interactive panels are grouped within a family that can be used for different uses, be made of different materials and with different dimensions and connection point configurations, being necessary that at least one be kept for that the plate can be considered multilink and maintain its machining capabilities, in any case maintaining the proportional relationships between its shapes, dimensions and position of the connection points, thus guaranteeing the compatibility and joining capacity between the different typological variants of the multi-link plates of the same family.
  • the interactive multilink board thus allows defining the laws under which the parametric method of quartering must operate.
  • the multi-link interactive panels can be applied to any type of construction, for example floor elements, floors, walls, floors, technical ceilings, partitions, enclosures, furniture and the like, as well as solidary three-dimensional sets, giving rise to constructions of a residential nature, industrial, commercial, recreational, civil, public, private, etc.
  • each of the multi-link interactive boards has at least one loT communication element, it is possible to digitize, automate and optimize all phases of construction.
  • the IoT term "Internet of Things” refers to any object (eg a device, a sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (eg , Internet Protocol (IP) address, Bluetooth ID, Near Field Communication (NFC) identifier, etc.) and can transmit information to one or more devices over a wired or wireless connection .
  • An IoT object can have a passive communication interface, such as a Quick Response (QR) code, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag, NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem. a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver or the like.
  • QR Quick Response
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • an IoT object may have a particular set of attributes (for example, a device status or category, such as whether the IoT device is powered on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution, or occupied, and so on; a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be integrated into and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an IoT network, such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet.
  • a device status or category such as whether the IoT device is powered on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution, or occupied, and so on
  • a cooling or heating function for example, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the interactivity of the multilink interactive board is achieved through the incorporation of at least one active or passive loT communication device, which allows digitizing, automating and optimizing all the phases of the procedure here described.
  • the loT device also enables both product and process traceability monitoring and interoperability with digital and electromechanical devices, based on Device-to-Device, Device-to-Cloud, Device-to-Gateway and Back-end communication models.
  • End Data-Sharing for example, which makes it possible to automate and optimize all phases of construction or maintenance, allowing to define digital twins of the construction in real time in order to assess the development of the procedure described here, as well as to perform other functions, for example related to the maintenance, storage and transport of the multilink plates, etc.
  • stage i) described above a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out is created by means of a data acquisition module that acts dynamically in real time.
  • the data acquisition module has means to collect, store and transmit data from sensors, loT devices, databases or libraries in real time (firebase) from different sources of information and means to send said data to the intelligent breakdown module already the central control unit.
  • the data acquisition module can process related static or dynamic information that helps to optimize each phase of the construction process, for example: parameters of environmental regulations and building codes; productivity levels of the production machinery of each manufacturer, stock of each manufacturer, manufacturing shifts, purchase orders, etc.; e-loT sensors of the machinery, real-time data of each component of the construction system that is produced and of defective elements, etc.; external factors such as traffic conditions, road closures, weather conditions; - machinery available in real time; maintenance alerts, regulatory change alerts, etc.
  • an intelligent exploded module applies a parametric exploded method that breaks down all the volumetric surfaces of the digitized design in stage i).
  • the parametric exploded method is based on a system of parametric equations.
  • the parametric equations represent a surface in space by means of values that cover an interval of real numbers, by means of a variable, called a parameter, considering each coordinate of a point as a dependent function of the parameter.
  • a parameter a variable that covers an interval of real numbers
  • the parametric exploded method of the procedure of the invention allows the introduction of various parameters, such as spatial limits, volumes, forces, etc., specific to each project to obtain the optimal digital volumetric exploded view and perform the pertinent structural calculation.
  • the parametric exploded method based on the parameters provided, performs the exploded view of the surfaces based on the families of multi-link interactive plates, checks the joint relationships, applies the stability restrictions between the elements and provides the best exploded solution. possible, through the intelligent cutting module.
  • the verification of the union relationships will serve to verify, for example, that all the surfaces obtained with interactive multi-link plates have enough inter-plate connection points to join the surface and that all the elements machined to the interactive multi-link plates are located on these connection points.
  • Checking the link relationships may involve moving elements to be located within the link point grid and removing or placing link elements to link the multilink plates, among others.
  • the stability constraints are based on the stability relationships stipulated in the user manuals and their cross-reference with the project-specific data and acting forces.
  • the stability restrictions will depend on the mechanical resistance of each multi-link interactive plate, on the function of the surface they make up, on the loads to which said surface will be subjected and on the position of the supports. For example, if a roof is made with a layer of multi-link wooden plates, the distance between the roof supports will depend on the snow load, the wood used, etc.
  • the parametric exploded method allows obtaining several exploded options, which can vary from the optimal one to obtain the least number of different multilink interactive boards, to the optimal one to preserve the original design. In both cases, always with the limitation of the geometry of the three-dimensional matrix of connection points.
  • the parametric method of cutting once the data of the project that affect the manufacturing, stability and assembly of the construction, for example spatial limits, forces, function, use of the construction, permanent or temporary loads, geotechnical study of the terrain, etc., performs the following operations: - Defines a coordinate origin for the three-dimensional digitized design (orthogonal to the slope plane of the surface), and other coordinate origins as necessary.
  • a coordinate origin is defined for the digitized design adapted to the structure in floors and walls and, where appropriate, also adapted to the floor if it has finishing elements;
  • the intelligent cutting module prepares a specific cutting project for each project adjusted to the appropriate manufacturing, transport and assembly criteria for each type of surface.
  • the intelligent exploded view module receives and analyzes a data file that defines a digital volumetry (3D) made up of construction elements and/or a set of them.
  • the digital volumetry can be, for example, a digital data file, such as a building information modeling (BIM) data file or a computer-aided design (CAD) data file.
  • the digital volumetry (3D) can also contain identification labels that incorporate information, for example about the function and material of each element.
  • the intelligent layout module can receive and analyze project-specific data such as location, permanent or temporary actions, use, etc., data that can become restrictions when performing the layout.
  • the intelligent cutting module can receive and analyze data from applicable regulations, for example referring to environmental regulations or building codes, among others, data that can become restrictions when performing cutting.
  • the intelligent quartering module stores and executes algorithms based on heuristic rules, fuzzy logic techniques and artificial intelligence and that can be programmed based on knowledge of the parametric method of quartering or be learned by the system itself through neural networks.
  • the intelligent quartering module can store and execute control algorithms based on Soft Computing techniques, it can use decision rule engines composed of variables and linguistic rules, it can be based on a fuzzy inference system that defines the variables and fuzzy rules to use and Grid-type learning rules that automatically induce new rules from the input information.
  • the intelligent exploded view module classifies the elements that are part of the digital design and determines which of them will be made with which family or families of multi-link interactive boards of the invention and, where appropriate, which other elements must be joined with them, it performs the breakdown of the elements based on the typological variants of the interactive multi-link panels specific for each one of them and their dimensional varieties, it chooses the most optimal breakdown based on the conditions initially introduced that affect manufacturing, stability and assembly of the construction, performs a verification analysis of the tie point frames, performs a verification analysis that the stability restrictions are met, and performs a regulatory analysis to verify that the construction conforms to the relevant requirements.
  • the smart stripping module may include means for displaying the volumetry decomposition and resulting stripping in a graphical user interface.
  • the smart stripping module may further display the operations performed during the decomposition process in the graphical user interface, making it easy to view each operation as a separate graphical representation.
  • the smart exploder module may further display the logical relationships in the graphical user interface as a separate graphical representation.
  • the intelligent plotting module may generate the plotting in a data format (zeros and ones). In stage iii) described above, a construction project is generated in a control unit based on the layout made by the intelligent layout module and the real-time dynamic information received from the data acquisition module.
  • the central control unit includes means for storing and processing the exploded view received from the intelligent exploded view module and means for contrasting said exploded view with the information received from the data acquisition module in order to prepare a construction project. and transmitting the relevant construction orders to the construction assembly machinery.
  • control unit includes the following modules:
  • a project module that includes means of managing static information referring to the project data, such as spatial limitations, the use of the construction, permanent or temporary forces and loads to which it will be subjected, study of the geological characteristics of the soil and the like;
  • a management module that includes means of registering users, manufacturers, machinery, clients, partners, materials, costs, times, supplies, taxation, legality, standards, monitoring to provide resources for each project, for example the necessary labor, stocks , estimation of times and the like;
  • a security module to manage user permissions, access to information, protection measures against malware threats and communication protocols, among others;
  • a visualization module to visualize the construction project in two and/or three dimensions with different levels of abstraction, for example to visualize simulations of exploded views, and/or to visualize real-time monitoring of the construction process in all its phases.
  • the display module can display this information in the form of a diagram, graph, table, two- or three-dimensional drawing, for example;
  • a control module of physical components where the physical components are constituted by the machinery and the interactive multilink plates, this control module presenting wireless communication means to communicate with loT communication devices arranged in the machinery and in the interactive multilink plates and capable of issuing and receiving information actively or passive, wireless means of communication configured for IoT devices to interact with other agents, such as people or other remote IoT devices;
  • Wireless means of communication allow the central control unit to command the machinery and for it to communicate directly with other components of the construction system according to Device-to-Device, Device-to-Cloud, Device-toGateway and Back-end connectivity models. End Data-Sharing.
  • the intervening assembly machinery is autonomous (for example cranes, machining machines, etc.), since they receive orders from the control unit and execute them without external assistance.
  • the control unit can program a concatenated order of events where each machine notifies the start and end of its work and automatically gives way to the action of another machine.
  • the wireless communication means may constitute an addressable interface (for example, an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID), a near field communication (NFC) identifier, an RFID tag identifier, etc. ) to transmit information through the central control unit.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • ID Bluetooth identifier
  • NFC near field communication
  • RFID tag identifier an RFID tag identifier
  • control unit can send orders to the cutting tools equipped with numerical control or CNC, being able to produce any type of multi-link interactive panel.
  • control unit sends orders, through the means of signal adaptation and communication, to the assembly machinery to recompose at the destination, with the prefabricated multi-link interactive plates, the digitized design in stage i).
  • control unit generates maintenance notifications based on the information prescribed by the manufacturer/assembler or the loT incorporated in the multi-link interactive panels.
  • the central control unit will command the assembly machinery to disassemble the construction.
  • the invention provides a construction system to carry out the process described above.
  • the construction system of the invention comprises the following elements: a) A data acquisition module of a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out that acts dynamically in real time and includes means to collect, store and transmit data from sensors, loT devices, databases or libraries in real time from different information sources to an intelligent cutting module and a control unit; b) An intelligent exploded view module for the decomposition or exploded view of the digitized design by means of a parametric exploded view method, the intelligent exploded view module decomposing all the volumetry surfaces of the digitized design in a series of prefabricated, transportable and mechanizable multi-link interactive plates, arranging the plates of a network of inter-plate connection points distributed over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner and each of the plates including at least one loT communication element; and c) A control unit connected to the intelligent exploded view module and to the data acquisition module that generates a construction project from the
  • prefabricated construction plates adapted to carry out the described procedure and for use in the described system called here interactive multi-link plates, are also an object of the invention.
  • These multi-link interactive plates are made up of two surfaces (upper and lower) and side surfaces and have a network of inter-plate connection points spread over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner in order to join to each other defining any desired three-dimensional or two-dimensional structure, joining such structure, and/or to couple other construction elements.
  • the grid of connection points is made up of at least one connection point at each vertex or at a certain distance (x,y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides and/or by at least one attachment point at the geometric center or at a certain distance (x, y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides.
  • connection points are shaped to receive any appropriate connection means with another plate, for example bolts, screws, threaded bars, magnets, or any type of dry connection, which may be through or non-through connection means.
  • the multi-link interactive panels can be applied to any type of construction, for example floor elements, floors, walls, floors, technical ceilings, partitions, enclosures, furniture and the like, as well as interconnected three-dimensional sets, giving rise to constructions of a residential nature, industrial, commercial, recreational, civil, public, private or other, utilitarian (objects), etc.
  • the combination of several multi-link interactive plates results in a surface where said multi-link interactive plates are placed end-to-end and are joined together by means of the joining elements on the grid of connection points to transmit the loads of one plate to another and form solidary surfaces.
  • This combination of plates forming one surface can be combined with others forming an arrangement in aligned layers, superimposing one layer on the other aligning the edges, or overlapping, offsetting one layer with respect to the previous one in one or more directions.
  • combinations can be made with multi-link interactive panels of the same or different types, thus forming a multi-layer structure. It should be noted that the three-dimensional matrix of connection points guarantees the compatibility and union capacity between different types of interactive multi-link plates.
  • solidary three-dimensional assemblies are formed based on multi-link interactive plates by combining surfaces formed by multi-link interactive plates with different degrees of inclination.
  • sets can be obtained solidary three-dimensional connecting multi-link interactive plates arranged horizontally with multi-link interactive plates arranged vertically and/or with inclined multi-link interactive plates.
  • each surface of the three-dimensional set can be single or multilayer.
  • the grid of tie points is spread over all the surfaces of the multi-link smart board, both on its perimeter, inside and on the side, total freedom of positioning and combination is allowed.
  • interactive multi-link plates are laid out horizontally to create structural surfaces such as slabs, walls of interactive multi-link plates can be joined, aligned or not; If multi-link interactive plates are arranged vertically to create structural surfaces such as walls, floors or other elements such as stairs can be machined at any position or height.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain results comparable for all purposes to a traditional construction in terms of freedom of design, shape, arrangement of pillars, size, number of floors, use, resistance and finishes and to a prefabricated dry joint construction, in terms of the ability to reuse, disassemble and transport, with the particularity that, unlike these conventional constructions, a completely different configuration can be made with the parts of the recommended system.
  • This makes it possible to guarantee that the construction is 100% reusable in another location and 100% adaptable to the new context and the needs of the new project, without any additional cost beyond the expenses derived from transport, on-site assembly and plate production. new if necessary.
  • the invention as it has been described also allows exploiting the capabilities of the implementation of the new collaborative work methodologies for the creation and management of construction projects that have emerged in recent years, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the implementation of autonomous systems thanks to loT technology and artificial intelligence integrated in the system components, which allows the creation of perfect and synchronized digital models, the introduction of technology and robotics in the production, assembly, use, maintenance and disassembly phases and the control of the traceability of the processes, in order to correct the unproductiveness, inefficiency and loss of information throughout the entire production process, the precision errors of the execution and the lack of quality controls so common in current construction .
  • BIM Building Information Modeling

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Abstract

The invention relates to a construction procedure in which a parametric cutting method is applied which, starting from a three-dimensional digital development of the construction to be carried out or digital volumetry, allows the surfaces of said digital volumetry to be broken down into a succession of construction plates provided with means for transmitting information, in such a way as to facilitate factory production, efficient transport to the destination location and automated or manual recomposition and mechanisation on site in order to carry out the construction. The invention also relates to a construction system that makes it possible to carry out the above-mentioned procedure and the prefabricated construction plates suitable for carrying out such a procedure.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Procedimiento de construcción, sistema constructivo y placas constructivas prefabricadas para llevar a cabo dicho procedimiento Construction procedure, construction system and prefabricated construction plates to carry out said procedure
La presente invención se refiere, en un primer aspecto, a un procedimiento de construcción que permite llevar a cabo una ejecución sostenible, industrializada y automatizada de cualquier tipo de construcción mediante el uso de placas constructivas prefabricadas dotadas de medios de transmisión de información a uno o más dispositivos por una conexión por cable o inalámbrica. El presente procedimiento de construcción aplica un método paramétrico de despiece que, partiendo de un desarrollo digital tridimensional de la construcción a llevar a cabo, denominado aquí volumetría digital, permite descomponer las superficies de dicha volumetría digital en una sucesión de las placas constructivas dotadas de medios de transmisión de información, de forma que se facilita la producción en fábrica, el transporte eficiente al lugar de destino y la recomposición y mecanización de forma automatizada o manual in situ con el fin de llevar a cabo la construcción. The present invention refers, in a first aspect, to a construction procedure that allows to carry out a sustainable, industrialized and automated execution of any type of construction through the use of prefabricated construction plates equipped with means of transmitting information to one or more devices over a wired or wireless connection. The present construction procedure applies a parametric method of cutting that, starting from a three-dimensional digital development of the construction to be carried out, called here digital volumetry, allows the surfaces of said digital volumetry to be broken down into a succession of constructive plates equipped with means transmission of information, so as to facilitate production in the factory, efficient transport to the place of destination and recomposition and mechanization in an automated or manual manner on site in order to carry out the construction.
En un segundo aspecto, la invención proporciona un sistema constructivo que permite llevar a cabo el procedimiento mencionado. Finalmente, en un tercer aspecto, la invención se refiere a las placas constructivas prefabricadas adaptadas para llevar a cabo tal procedimiento. In a second aspect, the invention provides a construction system that allows carrying out the aforementioned procedure. Finally, in a third aspect, the invention relates to prefabricated construction plates adapted to carry out such a procedure.
Por tanto, la presente invención encuentra su aplicación en la construcción, más concretamente, en relación con los sistemas constructivos prefabricados y modulares vinculados a la loT (por sus siglas en inglés, “Internet of things” - Internet de las cosas) y a la inteligencia artificial. Therefore, the present invention finds its application in construction, more specifically, in relation to prefabricated and modular construction systems linked to the loT (for its acronym in English, "Internet of things" - Internet of things) and intelligence artificial.
En la presente descripción, por el concepto “placas constructivas prefabricadas dotadas de medios de transmisión de información a uno o más dispositivos por una conexión por cable o inalámbrica”, también denominadas aquí “placas interactivas multienlace”, se entenderá en referencia a placas de construcción prefabricadas que son detectables (legibles), localizables y controlables a través de una red de comunicaciones de loT y que permiten la trazabilidad, virtualización y automatización del proceso constructivos de la invención, mejorando su eficiencia y reduciendo la acumulación de errores, tan común en los procesos tradicionales. In the present description, by the concept "prefabricated construction plates equipped with means of transmitting information to one or more devices by a cable or wireless connection", also called here "interactive multi-link plates", it will be understood in reference to construction plates prefabricated that are detectable (readable), localizable and controllable through a loT communications network and that allow the traceability, virtualization and automation of the construction process of the invention, improving its efficiency and reducing the accumulation of errors, so common in the traditional processes.
Así, en particular, las placas interactivas multienlace de la invención permiten el desarrollo de cualquier tipo de superficie o elemento tridimensional para la construcción, ya sea por l la combinación de superficies con distinto grado de inclinación o por la conexión de estas superficies con otros sistemas prefabricados ajenos a la invención. En consecuencia, las placas interactivas multienlace facilitan la construcción de superficies de forjado, piso, muro, cubierta, techo, cerramientos, particiones, mobiliario y cualquier otra tipología de superficie estructural o no estructural necesaria para la construcción y su mecanizado a otros elementos complementarios, tales como pilares, vigas, carpinterías, tensores, anclajes, subestructuras, instalaciones, acabados, etc... , permitiendo resolver las necesidades de cualquier proyecto, desde el más sencillo al más complejo, con uniones en seco y permitiendo el desmontaje posterior si fuera necesario. Las placas interactivas multienlace incorporan loT (internet de las cosas) para ser legibles, localizables y controlables a través de una red de comunicaciones de loT y así permitir la trazabilidad, virtualización y automatización de los procesos constructivos. Thus, in particular, the multilink interactive plates of the invention allow the development of any type of surface or three-dimensional element for construction, either by l the combination of surfaces with different degrees of inclination or by the connection of these surfaces with other prefabricated systems outside the invention. Consequently, the interactive multilink plates facilitate the construction of floor, floor, wall, roof, ceiling surfaces, enclosures, partitions, furniture and any other type of structural or non-structural surface necessary for the construction and its machining to other complementary elements, such as pillars, beams, carpentry, tensors, anchors, substructures, installations, finishes, etc..., allowing to meet the needs of any project, from the simplest to the most complex, with dry joints and allowing subsequent disassembly if necessary. necessary. The multi-link interactive panels incorporate loT (internet of things) to be readable, locatable and controllable through a loT communications network and thus allow traceability, virtualization and automation of construction processes.
En suma, la presente solicitud redefine tanto los sistemas constructivos como los procesos de construcción para la realización integral de construcciones de forma rápida, en seco, precisa, sencilla y más segura para los operarios de montaje que los sistemas tradicionales, permitiendo igualmente su desmontaje para una posterior reutilización si es necesario o deseable. In short, the present application redefines both the construction systems and the construction processes for the integral realization of constructions in a fast, dry, precise, simple and safer way for assembly workers than traditional systems, also allowing their disassembly for subsequent reuse if necessary or desirable.
El sector de la construcción sigue siendo, a día de hoy, un modelo industrial desfasado, lastrado por bajos niveles de productividad, maneras tradicionales de funcionar y con un alto impacto en el medio ambiente y en el cambio climático. A diferencia de otros sectores, como la industria manufacturera, el transporte o los servicios, no ha realizado todavía su transición tecnológica hacia la automatización y el uso de datos para generar un nuevo espacio de relación entre empresas y consumidores, y aumentar la optimización y control de sus procesos; al igual que no ha adaptado sus técnicas constructivas para poder sumarse a la economía circular. The construction sector continues to be, today, an outdated industrial model, weighed down by low levels of productivity, traditional ways of operating and with a high impact on the environment and climate change. Unlike other sectors, such as the manufacturing industry, transport or services, it has not yet made its technological transition towards automation and the use of data to generate a new relationship space between companies and consumers, and increase optimization and control of its processes; just as it has not adapted its construction techniques to be able to join the circular economy.
Los procedimientos de construcción son los procesos, sistemas y métodos disponibles para realizar una obra siguiendo un conjunto ordenado de reglas y prácticas constructivas según la experiencia y los conocimientos técnicos y científicos del sector. Construction procedures are the processes, systems and methods available to carry out a work following an ordered set of construction rules and practices according to the experience and technical and scientific knowledge of the sector.
El estado de la técnica actual comprende diferentes tipos de procedimientos y métodos de construcción como son el tradicional, los paneles estructurales, de madera, los módulos prefabricados, el industrializado, la construcción bidireccional y tridimensional, entre otros. A su vez, existe una diversidad de elementos que son utilizados en estos procedimientos de construcción, tales como placas, losas, piezas, modelos y tipos de casas y edificaciones, todas prefabricadas, que son elaboradas a base de diferentes materiales como aluminio, acero, chapas, madera y hormigón, entre otros, siendo este último el más empleado en la práctica. The current state of the art includes different types of construction procedures and methods such as traditional, structural panels, wood, prefabricated modules, industrialized, bidirectional and three-dimensional construction, among others. In turn, there is a diversity of elements that are used in these construction procedures, such as plates, slabs, parts, models and types of houses and buildings, all prefabricated, which are made from different materials such as aluminum, steel, plates, wood and concrete, among others, the latter being the most used in practice.
La construcción tradicional permite la libertad de diseño, pero requiere procesos de ejecución artesanales y poco productivos. La construcción industrializada incrementa la productividad, pero restringe la creatividad porque trabaja en base a módulos fabricados en serie. Traditional construction allows freedom of design, but requires craft execution processes that are not very productive. Industrialized construction increases productivity, but restricts creativity because it works based on mass-produced modules.
La construcción actual y moderna tiene como reto la implementación en la gestión y desarrollo de los procedimientos constructivos, el uso de la tecnología digital, la inteligencia artificial, la robótica y el internet de las cosas (loT), lo que representa una novedad evidente en el sector que está paulatinamente adaptándose a estas transformaciones y motivando a los innovadores a desarrollar métodos de construcción inteligentes y más sostenibles.The current and modern construction has as a challenge the implementation in the management and development of construction procedures, the use of digital technology, artificial intelligence, robotics and the internet of things (loT), which represents an evident novelty in the sector that is gradually adapting to these transformations and encouraging innovators to develop smart and more sustainable construction methods.
En este sentido, hace pocos años se ha puesto llevado a la práctica el empleo de la tecnología de sensores y la conectividad en la gestión de edificaciones por los sistemas BMS (Building Management Systems), dotados de software y hardware que realizan la supervisión y el control de ciertas edificaciones, definiéndose como el sistema de automatización integral de inmuebles a través de loT. In this sense, a few years ago, the use of sensor technology and connectivity in the management of buildings by BMS (Building Management Systems) systems, equipped with software and hardware that carry out the supervision and control, has been put into practice. control of certain buildings, defining itself as the comprehensive automation system for real estate through loT.
Las plataformas actuales de loT destinadas a edificios e infraestructuras permiten conectar el equipamiento del edificio que permanece distribuido con dispositivos y sensores que utilizan una extensa variedad de protocolos, los cuales van remitiendo los datos que generan a servicios y aplicaciones situados en la nube, para ser posteriormente analizados por sistemas de Business Intelligence (Bl), analítica, y dashboards. The current loT platforms for buildings and infrastructures allow the building equipment that remains distributed to be connected with devices and sensors that use a wide variety of protocols, which send the data they generate to services and applications located in the cloud, to be subsequently analyzed by Business Intelligence (Bl) systems, analytics, and dashboards.
Por otra parte, la inteligencia artificial empleada en el sector de la construcción permitirá el uso de datos recopilados de modelos, simulaciones e incluso a través de elementos físicos, como sensores, dentro de las construcciones ya terminadas, con el fin de transformar el proceso de diseño o, al menos, innovar con cada nuevo proyecto de construcción. Así, se ofrece una nueva perspectiva desde la que imaginar cómo poder aprovechar la información existente, los datos, tanto de modelados anteriores, como los datos provenientes de edificios ya construidos. Por ejemplo, el documento W02005113912A1 describe un sistema de construcción a base de placas prefabricadas para la construcción de paredes, pisos y techos y cuya elaboración se lleva a cabo en moldes en fábrica. La placa combina una estructura periférica resistente que comprende canales en forma de “U”, mallas y hormigón en masa vertido. Estas placas se pueden utilizar para elaborar losas de piso, tejas, paneles simples no estructurales y de carga y paneles de cierre doble con una capa intermedia de aislamiento térmico. La invención incorpora elementos de conexión soldados a la periferia interna de los canales y también pueden comprender aislantes. On the other hand, the artificial intelligence used in the construction sector will allow the use of data collected from models, simulations and even through physical elements, such as sensors, within the already completed constructions, in order to transform the construction process. design or, at least, innovate with each new construction project. Thus, a new perspective is offered from which to imagine how to take advantage of existing information, data, both from previous modeling, and data from buildings already built. For example, document W02005113912A1 describes a construction system based on prefabricated plates for the construction of walls, floors and ceilings and whose elaboration is carried out in factory molds. The plate combines a strong peripheral structure comprising U-shaped channels, mesh and poured mass concrete. These plates can be used to make floor slabs, tiles, non-structural and load-bearing single panels, and double-closure panels with an intermediate layer of thermal insulation. The invention incorporates connection elements welded to the inner periphery of the channels and may also comprise insulators.
También en el documento ES 2569130B1 se describen elementos constructivos modulares prefabricados y un sistema constructivo modular que utiliza dichos elementos para la construcción de edificaciones de cualquier uso de manera independientemente o en asociación tanto en el mismo plano como a diferentes alturas, siendo tales elementos autoportantes. Document ES 2569130B1 also describes prefabricated modular construction elements and a modular construction system that uses said elements for the construction of buildings of any use independently or in association both on the same plane and at different heights, such elements being self-supporting.
Por otra parte, el empleo de la inteligencia artificial y de elementos loT se ha puesto en marcha en otros ámbitos industriales, por ejemplo tal como se describe en el documento US10540641 B2, que se refiere a un sistema que incluye dispositivos y sensores asociados con un sitio de construcción para un proyecto, donde un dispositivo informático se comunica con los dispositivos y los sensores e incluye un medio de almacenamiento y un procesador. El dispositivo de almacenamiento almacena instrucciones de software para controlar el procesador que, cuando son ejecutadas por el procesador, configuran el procesador para obtener un cronograma de construcción predeterminado con términos para el proyecto. On the other hand, the use of artificial intelligence and IoT elements has been launched in other industrial fields, for example as described in document US10540641 B2, which refers to a system that includes devices and sensors associated with a construction site for a project, where a computing device communicates with devices and sensors and includes a storage medium and a processor. The storage device stores software instructions to control the processor which, when executed by the processor, configure the processor to obtain a predetermined build schedule with terms for the project.
A la vista del estado de la técnica, la presente invención proporciona elementos innovadores y presenta ventajas funcionales facilitando un procedimiento de construcción inteligente que se basa en la descomposición en piezas de un volumen constructivo a partir de un sistema geométrico paramétrico que propone el uso de placas interactivas multienlace concretas y que, relacionada con los elementos loT y la inteligencia artificial dotan al procedimiento de mayor precisión, trazabilidad y control. Igualmente, la presente invención proporciona placas interactivas multienlace que incluyen una serie de medios de unión para mecanizar o unir otras placas de la invención o cualquier otro elemento constructivo por junta seca, facilitando la mecanización de la trama de puntos de enlace y solidarizando el conjunto como un todo. Otra de las ventajas de la presente invención se basa en que permite la libertad de elección al proyectista y permite la reutilización de las placas interactivas multienlace, pudiendo desarrollarse instalaciones fijas o temporales para cualquier uso. La invención también propicia menores costes de producción, mayor velocidad en la ejecución de las obras, optimiza la calidad del acabado de las mismas, reduce riesgos laborales y proporciona una estructura monolítica de alta resistencia basadas en uniones de placas interactivas multienlace. In view of the state of the art, the present invention provides innovative elements and presents functional advantages by facilitating an intelligent construction procedure that is based on the decomposition into pieces of a constructive volume from a parametric geometric system that proposes the use of plates specific multi-link interactions and which, related to loT elements and artificial intelligence, provide the procedure with greater precision, traceability and control. Likewise, the present invention provides multi-link interactive plates that include a series of joining means for machining or joining other plates of the invention or any other construction element by dry joint, facilitating the machining of the grid of connection points and making the assembly solid as a whole. Another advantage of the present invention is based on the fact that it allows the designer freedom of choice and allows the reuse of multi-link interactive panels, being able to develop fixed or temporary installations for any use. The invention also promotes lower production costs, greater speed in the execution of the works, optimizes the quality of their finish, reduces occupational risks and provides a high-strength monolithic structure based on multi-link interactive plate joints.
Así, de acuerdo con el primer aspecto, la presente invención proporciona un procedimiento de construcción que incluye las siguientes etapas: i) creación de un diseño digitalizado tridimensional de una construcción a llevar a cabo mediante un módulo de adquisición de datos que actúa de forma dinámica a tiempo real; ii) descomposición o despiece del diseño digitalizado, mediante un método paramétrico de despiece, llevado a cabo en un módulo de despiece inteligente, que descompone todas las superficies de la volumetría del diseño digitalizado en una serie de placas interactivas multienlace prefabricadas, transportables y mecanizables, disponiendo las placas de una trama de puntos de enlace ínter-placa repartidos por todas sus superficies de forma alineada y/o a tres bolillo e incluyendo cada una de las placas al menos un elemento de comunicación loT; iii) generación de un proyecto de construcción en una unidad de control a partir del despiece y de la información dinámica a tiempo real recibida del módulo de adquisición de datos, incluyendo el proyecto de construcción: a) la mecanización de las placas multienlace, para lo cual la unidad de control incluye dispositivos de adaptación de señal configurados para transformar las órdenes de la unidad de control a señales entendióles por la maquinaria destinada a mecanizar las placas multienlace, introduciendo en éstas los dispositivos de comunicación loT y b) ejecución del subproyecto de montaje mediante la unidad de control para recomponer en el lugar de destino, con las placas interactivas multienlace prefabricadas, el diseño digitalizado en la etapa i). Thus, according to the first aspect, the present invention provides a construction method that includes the following stages: i) creation of a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out by means of a data acquisition module that acts dynamically Real time; ii) decomposition or exploded view of the digitized design, by means of a parametric exploded view method, carried out in an intelligent exploded view module, which breaks down all the volumetry surfaces of the digitized design into a series of prefabricated, transportable and machinable interactive multi-link plates, arranging the plates of a network of inter-plate connection points distributed over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner and each of the plates including at least one loT communication element; iii) generation of a construction project in a control unit from the breakdown and real-time dynamic information received from the data acquisition module, including the construction project: a) the mechanization of the multilink plates, for which which the control unit includes signal adaptation devices configured to transform the orders of the control unit into signals understood by the machinery destined to machine the multi-link plates, introducing the loT communication devices in them and b) execution of the assembly subproject by means of the control unit to recompose at the destination, with the prefabricated multi-link interactive boards, the digitized design in stage i).
Las placas interactivas multienlace citadas y empleadas en el procedimiento de la invención se pueden realizar en cualquier material, con cualesquiera medidas y colocar en cualquier posición o grado de inclinación, estando conformadas por dos superficies (superficie e inferior) y cuatro laterales. Tal como se ha mencionado, estas placas multienlace interactivas disponen de una trama de puntos de enlace ínter-placa repartidos por todas sus superficies de forma alineada y/o a tres bolillo con el fin de unirse unas a otras definiendo cualquier estructura tridimensional o bidimensional deseada, solidarizando tal estructura, y/o para acoplar otros elementos constructivos. The interactive multi-link boards mentioned and used in the method of the invention can be made of any material, with any measurements and placed in any position or degree of inclination, being made up of two surfaces (surface and bottom) and four sides. As mentioned, these interactive multi-link plates have a network of inter-plate link points spread over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner in order to join each other defining any desired three-dimensional or two-dimensional structure, supporting such structure, and/or to couple other construction elements.
En una realización preferente de la etapa ii) del procedimiento de la invención, para dotar a las placas multienlace interactivas de una trama de puntos de enlace, éstos se distribuyen según una o más de las siguientes: In a preferred embodiment of step ii) of the method of the invention, to provide the interactive multilink boards with a network of link points, these are distributed according to one or more of the following:
• al menos un punto de enlace en cada vértice y/o a cierta distancia (x,y) del mismo en una o en ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales; • at least one attachment point at each vertex and/or at a certain distance (x,y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides;
• al menos un punto de enlace en el centro geométrico y/o a cierta distancia (x, y) del mismo en una o ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales. • at least one attachment point at the geometric center and/or at a certain distance (x, y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides.
Estos puntos de enlace pueden conformarse para recibir cualquier medio de unión con otra placa apropiado, por ejemplo pernos, tornillos, barras roscadas, imanes, o cualquier tipo de unión en seco, pudiendo ser medios de unión pasantes o no pasantes. These attachment points can be shaped to receive any appropriate connection means with another plate, for example bolts, screws, threaded rods, magnets, or any type of dry connection, which can be through or non-through connection means.
La selección de la trama de enlaces de la placa multienlace en la etapa ii) genera así una matriz tridimensional de puntos de enlace, y, por tanto, es posible reproducir dicha matriz de puntos de enlace en las diferentes placas multienlace. Así, cada matriz de puntos de enlace genera una familia de placas concreta a utilizar para el despiece de la etapa ii) antes descrita. Por tanto, dentro de una familia se agrupan una pluralidad de variantes tipológicas de placas interactivas multienlace que pueden destinarse a distintos usos, estar realizadas en distintos materiales y con dimensiones y configuraciones de puntos de enlaces distintos, siendo necesario que al menos se conserve uno para que la placa pueda ser considerada multienlace y mantenga sus capacidades de mecanización, en todo caso manteniendo las relaciones proporcionales entre sus formas, dimensiones y posición de los puntos de enlace, lo que garantiza así la compatibilidad y capacidad de unión entre las distintas variantes tipológicas de la placas multienlace de una misma familia. The selection of the link grid of the multilink plate in step ii) thus generates a three-dimensional matrix of link points, and, therefore, it is possible to reproduce said matrix of link points in the different multilink plates. Thus, each matrix of connection points generates a specific family of plates to be used for the breakdown of stage ii) described above. Therefore, a plurality of typological variants of multi-link interactive panels are grouped within a family that can be used for different uses, be made of different materials and with different dimensions and connection point configurations, being necessary that at least one be kept for that the plate can be considered multilink and maintain its machining capabilities, in any case maintaining the proportional relationships between its shapes, dimensions and position of the connection points, thus guaranteeing the compatibility and joining capacity between the different typological variants of the multi-link plates of the same family.
La placa interactiva multienlace permite así definir las leyes bajo las cuales debe operar el método paramétrico de despiece. Las placas interactivas multienlace pueden aplicarse para cualquier tipo de construcción, por ejemplo elementos de piso, forjados, muros, suelos, techos técnicos, particiones, cerramientos, mobiliario y similares, así como de conjuntos tridimensionales solidarizados, dando lugar a construcciones de naturaleza residencial, industrial, comercial, recreativa, civil, pública, privada, etc. The interactive multilink board thus allows defining the laws under which the parametric method of quartering must operate. The multi-link interactive panels can be applied to any type of construction, for example floor elements, floors, walls, floors, technical ceilings, partitions, enclosures, furniture and the like, as well as solidary three-dimensional sets, giving rise to constructions of a residential nature, industrial, commercial, recreational, civil, public, private, etc.
Por otra parte, dado que cada una de las placas interactivas multienlace presenta al menos un elemento de comunicación loT, es posible digitalizar, automatizar y optimizar todas las fases de la construcción. Furthermore, since each of the multi-link interactive boards has at least one loT communication element, it is possible to digitize, automate and optimize all phases of construction.
Tal como se usa aquí, en particular en relación con las placas interactivas multienlace, el término loT "Internet de las cosas" se refiere a cualquier objeto (por ejemplo un aparato, un sensor, etc.) que tiene una interfaz direccionable (por ejemplo, una dirección del protocolo de Internet (IP), un identificador (ID) de Bluetooth, un identificador de comunicación de campo cercano (NFC), etc.) y que puede transmitir información a uno o más dispositivos mediante una conexión por cable o inalámbrica. Un objeto loT puede tener una interfaz de comunicación pasiva, tal como un código de respuesta rápida (QR), una etiqueta de identificación por radiofrecuencia (RFID), una etiqueta NFC o similar, o una interfaz de comunicación activa, tal como un módem, un transceptor, un transmisor- receptor o similar. Igualmente, un objeto loT puede tener un conjunto particular de atributos (por ejemplo, un estado o categoría de dispositivo, tal como si el dispositivo de loT está encendido o apagado, abierto o cerrado, inactivo o activo, disponible para la ejecución de tareas u ocupado, y así sucesivamente; una función de enfriamiento o calentamiento, una función de monitorización o grabación ambiental, una función de emisión de luz, una función de emisión de sonido, etc.) que puede ser integrada en y/o controlada/monitorizada por una unidad central de procesamiento (CPU), un microprocesador, un ASIC o similar, y configurado para la conexión a una red loT, tal como una red local ad-hoc o Internet.As used herein, particularly in relation to multi-link interactive boards, the IoT term "Internet of Things" refers to any object (eg a device, a sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (eg , Internet Protocol (IP) address, Bluetooth ID, Near Field Communication (NFC) identifier, etc.) and can transmit information to one or more devices over a wired or wireless connection . An IoT object can have a passive communication interface, such as a Quick Response (QR) code, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag, NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem. a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver or the like. Similarly, an IoT object may have a particular set of attributes (for example, a device status or category, such as whether the IoT device is powered on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution, or occupied, and so on; a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be integrated into and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an IoT network, such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet.
En particular, en el procedimiento de la invención, la interactividad de la placa interactiva multienlace se logra a través de la incorporación de al menos un dispositivo de comunicación loT activo o pasivo, lo cual permite digitalizar, automatizar y optimizar todas las fases del procedimiento aquí descrito. El dispositivo loT posibilita igualmente el seguimiento de trazabilidad tanto de producto como de proceso y la interoperabilidad con dispositivos digitales y electromecánicos, en base a modelos de comunicación Device-to- Device, Device-to-Cloud, Device-to-Gateway y Back-End Data-Sharing, por ejemplo, lo cual permite automatizar y optimizar todas las fases de la construcción o de mantenimiento, permitiendo definir gemelos digitales de la construcción a tiempo real con el fin de valorar el desarrollo del procedimiento aquí descrito, así como de realizar otras funciones, por ejemplo relativas al mantenimiento, almacenaje y transporte de las placas multienlace, etc.In particular, in the method of the invention, the interactivity of the multilink interactive board is achieved through the incorporation of at least one active or passive loT communication device, which allows digitizing, automating and optimizing all the phases of the procedure here described. The loT device also enables both product and process traceability monitoring and interoperability with digital and electromechanical devices, based on Device-to-Device, Device-to-Cloud, Device-to-Gateway and Back-end communication models. End Data-Sharing, for example, which makes it possible to automate and optimize all phases of construction or maintenance, allowing to define digital twins of the construction in real time in order to assess the development of the procedure described here, as well as to perform other functions, for example related to the maintenance, storage and transport of the multilink plates, etc.
En la etapa i) antes descrita, se crea un diseño digitalizado tridimensional de una construcción a llevar a cabo mediante un módulo de adquisición de datos que actúa de forma dinámica a tiempo real. In stage i) described above, a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out is created by means of a data acquisition module that acts dynamically in real time.
El módulo de adquisición de datos presenta medios para recoger, almacenar y transmitir datos de sensores, dispositivos loT, bases de datos o librerías en tiempo real (firebase) procedentes de distintas fuentes de información y medios para enviar dichos datos al módulo de despiece inteligente y a la unidad central de control. El módulo de adquisición de datos puede procesar información estática o dinámica relacionada que ayude a optimizar cada fase del proceso constructivo, por ejemplo: parámetros de normativas medioambientales y códigos de la edificación; niveles de productividad de la maquinaria de producción de cada fabricante, stock de cada fabricante, turnos de fabricación, ordenes de pedido, etc.; sensores e loT de la maquinaria, datos a tiempo real de cada componente del sistema constructivo que se produce y de elementos defectuosos, etc.; factores externos como estado del tráfico, cortes en carreteras, condiciones meteorológicas; - maquinaria disponible a tiempo real; alertas de mantenimiento, alertas de cambios de normativa, etc. The data acquisition module has means to collect, store and transmit data from sensors, loT devices, databases or libraries in real time (firebase) from different sources of information and means to send said data to the intelligent breakdown module already the central control unit. The data acquisition module can process related static or dynamic information that helps to optimize each phase of the construction process, for example: parameters of environmental regulations and building codes; productivity levels of the production machinery of each manufacturer, stock of each manufacturer, manufacturing shifts, purchase orders, etc.; e-loT sensors of the machinery, real-time data of each component of the construction system that is produced and of defective elements, etc.; external factors such as traffic conditions, road closures, weather conditions; - machinery available in real time; maintenance alerts, regulatory change alerts, etc.
En la etapa ii) descrita, un módulo de despiece inteligente aplica un método paramétrico de despiece que descompone todas las superficies de la volumetría del diseño digitalizado en la etapa i). El método paramétrico de despiece se basa en un sistema de ecuaciones paramétricas.In stage ii) described, an intelligent exploded module applies a parametric exploded method that breaks down all the volumetric surfaces of the digitized design in stage i). The parametric exploded method is based on a system of parametric equations.
A este respecto, las ecuaciones paramétricas representan una superficie en el espacio mediante valores que recorren un intervalo de números reales, mediante una variable, llamada parámetro, considerando cada coordenada de un punto como una función dependiente del parámetro. Así, el método paramétrico de despiece del procedimiento de la invención permite introducir diversos parámetros, tales como límites espaciales, volúmenes, fuerzas, etc., específicos de cada proyecto para obtener el despiece de la volumetría digital óptimo y realizar el cálculo estructural pertinente. In this regard, the parametric equations represent a surface in space by means of values that cover an interval of real numbers, by means of a variable, called a parameter, considering each coordinate of a point as a dependent function of the parameter. Thus, the parametric exploded method of the procedure of the invention allows the introduction of various parameters, such as spatial limits, volumes, forces, etc., specific to each project to obtain the optimal digital volumetric exploded view and perform the pertinent structural calculation.
El método paramétrico de despiece, en base a los parámetros aportados, realiza el despiece de las superficies en base a las familias de placas interactivas multienlaces, comprueba las relaciones de unión, aplica las restricciones de estabilidad entre los elementos y facilita la mejor solución de despiece posible, mediante el módulo de despiece inteligente. The parametric exploded method, based on the parameters provided, performs the exploded view of the surfaces based on the families of multi-link interactive plates, checks the joint relationships, applies the stability restrictions between the elements and provides the best exploded solution. possible, through the intelligent cutting module.
La comprobación de las relaciones de unión servirá para verificar, por ejemplo, que todas las superficies obtenidas con placas interactivas multienlace disponen de los suficientes puntos de enlace ínter-placa para solidarizar la superficie y que todos los elementos mecanizados a las placas multienlace interactivas están situados sobre estos puntos de enlace. La comprobación de las relaciones de unión puede implicar el desplazamiento de los elementos para ser ubicados dentro de la trama de puntos de enlace y quitar o poner elementos de conexión para unir las placas multienlace, entre otros. The verification of the union relationships will serve to verify, for example, that all the surfaces obtained with interactive multi-link plates have enough inter-plate connection points to join the surface and that all the elements machined to the interactive multi-link plates are located on these connection points. Checking the link relationships may involve moving elements to be located within the link point grid and removing or placing link elements to link the multilink plates, among others.
Las restricciones de estabilidad se basan en las relaciones de estabilidad estipuladas en los manuales de uso y su cruce con los datos y fuerzas actuantes específicos del proyecto. Las restricciones de estabilidad dependerán de la resistencia mecánica de cada placa interactiva multienlace, de la función de la superficie que conforman, de las cargas a las que dicha superficie se verá sometida y de la posición de los apoyos. Por ejemplo, si se realiza una cubierta con una capa de placas multienlace de madera, la distancia entre los apoyos de la cubierta dependerá de la carga de nieve, de la madera empleada, etc. The stability constraints are based on the stability relationships stipulated in the user manuals and their cross-reference with the project-specific data and acting forces. The stability restrictions will depend on the mechanical resistance of each multi-link interactive plate, on the function of the surface they make up, on the loads to which said surface will be subjected and on the position of the supports. For example, if a roof is made with a layer of multi-link wooden plates, the distance between the roof supports will depend on the snow load, the wood used, etc.
El método paramétrico de despiece permite obtener varias opciones de despiece, que pueden variar desde el óptimo para obtener el menor número de placas interactivas multienlace distintas, hasta el óptimo para conservar el diseño original. En ambos casos, siempre con la limitación de la geometría de la matriz tridimensional de puntos de enlace.The parametric exploded method allows obtaining several exploded options, which can vary from the optimal one to obtain the least number of different multilink interactive boards, to the optimal one to preserve the original design. In both cases, always with the limitation of the geometry of the three-dimensional matrix of connection points.
Así, el método paramétrico de despiece, una vez introducidos los datos del proyecto que afecten a la fabricación, estabilidad y montaje de la construcción, por ejemplo límites espaciales, fuerzas, función, uso de la construcción, cargas permanentes o temporales, estudio geotécnico del terreno, etc., realiza las siguientes operaciones: - Define un origen de coordenadas para el diseño digitalizado tridimensional (ortogonal al plano de inclinación de la superficie), y otros orígenes de coordenadas que sean necesarios. Por ejemplo, se define un origen de coordenadas para el diseño digitalizado adaptado a la estructura en forjados y muros y, en su caso, también adaptado al forjado si éste presenta elementos de acabado; Thus, the parametric method of cutting, once the data of the project that affect the manufacturing, stability and assembly of the construction, for example spatial limits, forces, function, use of the construction, permanent or temporary loads, geotechnical study of the terrain, etc., performs the following operations: - Defines a coordinate origin for the three-dimensional digitized design (orthogonal to the slope plane of the surface), and other coordinate origins as necessary. For example, a coordinate origin is defined for the digitized design adapted to the structure in floors and walls and, where appropriate, also adapted to the floor if it has finishing elements;
- Genera una matriz de despiece para cada familia de placas multienlace, descomponiendo cada superficie del diseño digitalizado en base a tales familias;- Generates an exploded matrix for each family of multilink boards, breaking down each surface of the digitized design based on such families;
- Realiza la comprobación de la trama de puntos de enlace, verificando que existen suficientes elementos de enlace para solidarizar las superficies y que todos los elementos mecanizados a la placa multienlace interactiva están situados sobre sus puntos de enlace; - Checks the link point grid, verifying that there are enough link elements to support the surfaces and that all the elements machined to the interactive multi-link plate are located on their link points;
- Aplica las restricciones de estabilidad propias de cada superficie, verificando que las relaciones de estabilidad para las superficies de cada variante tipológica y las relaciones de estabilidad del diseño tridimensional y todos los elementos que lo componen soportarán las fuerzas externas a las que se verá sometida la construcción; - Applies the stability restrictions of each surface, verifying that the stability relationships for the surfaces of each typological variant and the stability relationships of the three-dimensional design and all the elements that compose it will withstand the external forces to which the surface will be subjected. construction;
- Realiza el recuento de placas interactivas multienlace según las variantes tipológicas y el recuento de los elementos de unión según tipología. - Performs the count of multilink interactive plates according to the typological variants and the count of the joining elements according to type.
Con esta información, el módulo de despiece inteligente elabora un proyecto de despiece específico para cada proyecto ajustado a los criterios de manufacturación, transporte y montaje adecuados para cada tipología de superficie. With this information, the intelligent cutting module prepares a specific cutting project for each project adjusted to the appropriate manufacturing, transport and assembly criteria for each type of surface.
Por tanto, el módulo de despiece inteligente recibe y analiza un archivo de datos que define una volumetría digital (3D) formada a base de elementos de construcción y/o un conjunto de los mismos. La volumetría digital puede ser, por ejemplo, un archivo de datos digital, tal como un archivo de datos de modelado de información de construcción (BIM) o un archivo de datos de diseño asistido por computadora (CAD). La volumetría digital (3D) puede además contener etiquetas de identificación que incorporan información, por ejemplo sobre la función y el material de cada elemento. Therefore, the intelligent exploded view module receives and analyzes a data file that defines a digital volumetry (3D) made up of construction elements and/or a set of them. The digital volumetry can be, for example, a digital data file, such as a building information modeling (BIM) data file or a computer-aided design (CAD) data file. The digital volumetry (3D) can also contain identification labels that incorporate information, for example about the function and material of each element.
Además, el módulo de despiece inteligente puede recibir y analizar datos específicos del proyecto como pueden ser la localización, acciones permanentes o temporales, uso, etc., datos que pueden convertirse en restricciones a la hora de realizar el despiece. Igualmente, el módulo de despiece inteligente puede recibir y analizar datos de normativas aplicables, por ejemplo referentes a la normativa medioambiental o códigos de la edificación entre otros, datos que pueden convertirse en restricciones a la hora de realizar el despiece. In addition, the intelligent layout module can receive and analyze project-specific data such as location, permanent or temporary actions, use, etc., data that can become restrictions when performing the layout. Likewise, the intelligent cutting module can receive and analyze data from applicable regulations, for example referring to environmental regulations or building codes, among others, data that can become restrictions when performing cutting.
Para todo ello, el módulo de despiece inteligente almacena y ejecuta algoritmos basados en reglas heurísticas, técnicas de lógica difusa e inteligencia artificial y que pueden ser programados en base al conocimiento del método paramétrico de despiece o ser aprendidos por el propio sistema mediante redes neuronales. Así, el módulo de despiece inteligente puede almacenar y ejecutar algoritmos de control basados en técnicas de Soft Computing, puede utilizar motores de reglas de decisión compuestas por variables y reglas lingüísticas, puede basarse en un sistema de inferencia borrosa que define las variables y reglas borrosas a utilizar y unas reglas de aprendizaje de tipo Grid que inducen de forma automática nuevas reglas a partir de la información de entrada. For all this, the intelligent quartering module stores and executes algorithms based on heuristic rules, fuzzy logic techniques and artificial intelligence and that can be programmed based on knowledge of the parametric method of quartering or be learned by the system itself through neural networks. Thus, the intelligent quartering module can store and execute control algorithms based on Soft Computing techniques, it can use decision rule engines composed of variables and linguistic rules, it can be based on a fuzzy inference system that defines the variables and fuzzy rules to use and Grid-type learning rules that automatically induce new rules from the input information.
Mediante la aplicación de tales algoritmos, el módulo inteligente de despiece clasifica los elementos que forman parte del diseño digital y determina cuáles de ellos se realizarán con qué familia o familias de placas interactivas multienlace de la invención y, en su caso qué otros elementos deben solidarizarse con ellas, realiza la descomposición de los elementos en base a las variantes tipológicas de las placas interactivas multienlace específicas para cada uno de ellos y sus variedades dimensionales, elige el despiece más óptimo en función de las condiciones introducidas inicialmente que afectan a la fabricación, estabilidad y montaje de la construcción, realiza un análisis de verificación de las tramas de puntos de enlace, realiza un análisis de comprobación de que se cumplen las restricciones de estabilidad y realiza un análisis de normativa para comprobar que la construcción se ajusta a los requisitos pertinentes. Through the application of such algorithms, the intelligent exploded view module classifies the elements that are part of the digital design and determines which of them will be made with which family or families of multi-link interactive boards of the invention and, where appropriate, which other elements must be joined with them, it performs the breakdown of the elements based on the typological variants of the interactive multi-link panels specific for each one of them and their dimensional varieties, it chooses the most optimal breakdown based on the conditions initially introduced that affect manufacturing, stability and assembly of the construction, performs a verification analysis of the tie point frames, performs a verification analysis that the stability restrictions are met, and performs a regulatory analysis to verify that the construction conforms to the relevant requirements.
En una realización, el módulo de despiece inteligente puede incluir medios para visualizar la descomposición de la volumetría y el despiece resultante en una interfaz gráfica de usuario. En algunas realizaciones, el módulo de despiece inteligente puede además mostrar las operaciones llevadas a cabo durante el proceso de descomposición en la interfaz gráfica de usuario, facilitando la visualización de cada operación como una representación gráfica independiente. En algunas realizaciones, el módulo de despiece inteligente puede además mostrar las relaciones lógicas en la interfaz gráfica de usuario como una representación gráfica independiente. En algunas realizaciones, el módulo de despiece inteligente puede generar el despiece en un formato de datos (ceros y unos). En la etapa iii) antes descrita, se genera un proyecto de construcción en una unidad de control a partir del despiece realizado por el módulo de despiece inteligente y de la información dinámica a tiempo real recibida desde el módulo de adquisición de datos. Para ello, la unidad central de control incluye medios de almacenamiento y de procesamiento del despiece recibido desde el módulo de despiece inteligente y medios para contrastar dicho despiece con la información recibida desde el módulo de adquisición de datos con el fin de elaborar un proyecto de construcción y transmitir las órdenes de construcción pertinentes a la maquinaria de montaje de la construcción. In one embodiment, the smart stripping module may include means for displaying the volumetry decomposition and resulting stripping in a graphical user interface. In some embodiments, the smart stripping module may further display the operations performed during the decomposition process in the graphical user interface, making it easy to view each operation as a separate graphical representation. In some embodiments, the smart exploder module may further display the logical relationships in the graphical user interface as a separate graphical representation. In some embodiments, the intelligent plotting module may generate the plotting in a data format (zeros and ones). In stage iii) described above, a construction project is generated in a control unit based on the layout made by the intelligent layout module and the real-time dynamic information received from the data acquisition module. To do this, the central control unit includes means for storing and processing the exploded view received from the intelligent exploded view module and means for contrasting said exploded view with the information received from the data acquisition module in order to prepare a construction project. and transmitting the relevant construction orders to the construction assembly machinery.
En una realización, la unidad de control incluye los siguientes módulos: In one embodiment, the control unit includes the following modules:
Un módulo de proyecto que incluye medios de gestión de la información estática referida a los datos del proyecto, tales como limitaciones espaciales, el uso de la construcción, fuerzas y cargas permanentes o temporales a las que se verá sometida, estudio de las características geológicas del suelo y similares; A project module that includes means of managing static information referring to the project data, such as spatial limitations, the use of the construction, permanent or temporary forces and loads to which it will be subjected, study of the geological characteristics of the soil and the like;
Un módulo de gestión que incluye medios de registro de usuarios, fabricantes, maquinaria, clientes, socios, materiales, costes, tiempos, suministros, fiscalidad, legalidad, normas, seguimientos para proporcionar recursos a cada proyecto, por ejemplo mano de obra necesaria, stocks, estimación de tiempos y similares; A management module that includes means of registering users, manufacturers, machinery, clients, partners, materials, costs, times, supplies, taxation, legality, standards, monitoring to provide resources for each project, for example the necessary labor, stocks , estimation of times and the like;
Un módulo de seguridad para gestionar los permisos de los usuarios, el acceso a la información, las medidas de protección frente amenazas de malware y protocolos de comunicación, entre otros; A security module to manage user permissions, access to information, protection measures against malware threats and communication protocols, among others;
Un módulo de visualización para visualizar en dos y/o tres dimensiones el proyecto de construcción con distintos niveles de abstracción, por ejemplo para visualizar simulaciones de despieces, y/o para visualizar el seguimiento a tiempo real del proceso constructivo en todas sus fases. El módulo de visualización puede mostrar esta información en formato de diagrama, gráfico, tabla, dibujo bi o tridimensional, por ejemplo; A visualization module to visualize the construction project in two and/or three dimensions with different levels of abstraction, for example to visualize simulations of exploded views, and/or to visualize real-time monitoring of the construction process in all its phases. The display module can display this information in the form of a diagram, graph, table, two- or three-dimensional drawing, for example;
Un módulo de control de componentes físicos, donde los componentes físicos están constituidos por la maquinaria y las placas multienlace interactivas, presentando este módulo de control medios de comunicación inalámbricos para comunicarse con dispositivos de comunicación loT dispuestos en la maquinaria y en las placas interactivas multienlace y susceptibles de emitir y recibir información de forma activa o pasiva, medios de comunicación inalámbricos configurados para que los dispositivos loT interactúen con otros agentes, como personas u otros dispositivos loT remotos;A control module of physical components, where the physical components are constituted by the machinery and the interactive multilink plates, this control module presenting wireless communication means to communicate with loT communication devices arranged in the machinery and in the interactive multilink plates and capable of issuing and receiving information actively or passive, wireless means of communication configured for IoT devices to interact with other agents, such as people or other remote IoT devices;
- Medios de adaptación de señal y comunicación configurados para transformar las órdenes de la unidad central a señales entendióles por los componentes físicos. - Means of adaptation of signal and communication configured to transform the commands of the central unit to signals understood by the physical components.
Los medios de comunicación inalámbricos permiten que la unidad central de control comande a la maquinaria y que ésta se comunique directamente con otros componentes del sistema constructivo según modelos de conectividad Device-to-Device, Device-to- Cloud, Device-toGateway y Back-End Data-Sharing. De esta forma se consigue, por ejemplo, que la maquinaria de montaje interviniente sea autónoma (por ejemplo grúas, máquinas de mecanizado, etc.), ya que éstas reciben órdenes desde la unidad de control y las ejecutan sin asistencia externa. Igualmente, la unidad de control puede programar una orden de sucesos concatenada donde cada máquina notifique el comienzo y el final de su trabajo y se de paso a la actuación de otra máquina de forma automática. Wireless means of communication allow the central control unit to command the machinery and for it to communicate directly with other components of the construction system according to Device-to-Device, Device-to-Cloud, Device-toGateway and Back-end connectivity models. End Data-Sharing. In this way it is achieved, for example, that the intervening assembly machinery is autonomous (for example cranes, machining machines, etc.), since they receive orders from the control unit and execute them without external assistance. Likewise, the control unit can program a concatenated order of events where each machine notifies the start and end of its work and automatically gives way to the action of another machine.
Los medios de comunicación inalámbricos pueden constituir un interfaz direccionable (por ejemplo una dirección de protocolo de Internet (IP), un identificador (ID) de Bluetooth, un identificador de comunicación de campo cercano (NFC), un identificador de marcadores RFID, etc.) para trasmitir información a través de la unidad central de control. The wireless communication means may constitute an addressable interface (for example, an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID), a near field communication (NFC) identifier, an RFID tag identifier, etc. ) to transmit information through the central control unit.
En el caso de la maquinaria de producción de las placas interactivas multienlace, por ejemplo, a partir del despiece recibido desde el módulo de despiece inteligente, la unidad de control puede enviar órdenes a las herramientas de corte dotadas de control numérico o CNC, pudiendo producir cualquier tipo de placa interactiva multienlace. In the case of the machinery for the production of multi-link interactive plates, for example, based on the layout received from the intelligent layout module, the control unit can send orders to the cutting tools equipped with numerical control or CNC, being able to produce any type of multi-link interactive panel.
Igualmente, en referencia al subproyecto de montaje antes citado, la unidad de control envía órdenes, a través de los medios de adaptación de señal y comunicación, a la maquinaria de montaje para recomponer en el lugar de destino, con las placas interactivas multienlace prefabricadas, el diseño digitalizado en la etapa i). Opcionalmente, la unidad de control genera avisos de mantenimiento en base a la información prescrita por el fabricante/montador o al loT incorporado en las placas interactivas multienlace. También de forma opcional, si es necesario, la unidad central de control comandará a la maquinaria de montaje para desmontar la construcción. Likewise, in reference to the aforementioned assembly subproject, the control unit sends orders, through the means of signal adaptation and communication, to the assembly machinery to recompose at the destination, with the prefabricated multi-link interactive plates, the digitized design in stage i). Optionally, the control unit generates maintenance notifications based on the information prescribed by the manufacturer/assembler or the loT incorporated in the multi-link interactive panels. Also optionally, if necessary, the central control unit will command the assembly machinery to disassemble the construction.
En un segundo aspecto, la invención proporciona un sistema constructivo para llevar a cabo el procedimiento antes descrito. Así, el sistema constructivo de la invención comprende los siguientes elementos: a) Un módulo de adquisición de datos de un diseño digitalizado tridimensional de una construcción a llevar a cabo que actúa de forma dinámica a tiempo real e incluye medios para recoger, almacenar y transmitir datos de sensores, dispositivos loT, bases de datos o librerías en tiempo real procedentes de distintas fuentes de información a un módulo de despiece inteligente y a una unidad de control; b) Un módulo de despiece inteligente de descomposición o despiece del diseño digitalizado mediante un método paramétrico de despiece, descomponiendo el módulo de despiece inteligente todas las superficies de la volumetría del diseño digitalizado en una serie de placas interactivas multienlace prefabricadas, transportables y mecanizables, disponiendo las placas de una trama de puntos de enlace ínter-placa repartidos por todas sus superficies de forma alineada y/o a tres bolillo e incluyendo cada una de las placas al menos un elemento de comunicación loT; y c) Una unidad de control conectada al módulo de despiece inteligente y al módulo de adquisición de datos que genera un proyecto de construcción a partir del despiece y de la información dinámica a tiempo real recibida del módulo de adquisición de datos, donde la unidad de control incluye dispositivos de adaptación de señal configurados para transformar las órdenes de la unidad a señales entendióles por la maquinaria destinada a mecanizar las placas multienlace, introduciendo en éstas los dispositivos de comunicación loT, y por la maquinaria a llevar a cabo la construcción, medios de gestión de la información estática referida a los datos del proyecto, medios de registro de usuarios, fabricantes, maquinaria, clientes, socios, materiales, costes, tiempos, suministros, fiscalidad, legalidad, normas, seguimientos para proporcionar recursos a cada proyecto y medios de visualización para visualizar en dos y/o tres dimensiones la construcción. In a second aspect, the invention provides a construction system to carry out the process described above. Thus, the construction system of the invention comprises the following elements: a) A data acquisition module of a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out that acts dynamically in real time and includes means to collect, store and transmit data from sensors, loT devices, databases or libraries in real time from different information sources to an intelligent cutting module and a control unit; b) An intelligent exploded view module for the decomposition or exploded view of the digitized design by means of a parametric exploded view method, the intelligent exploded view module decomposing all the volumetry surfaces of the digitized design in a series of prefabricated, transportable and mechanizable multi-link interactive plates, arranging the plates of a network of inter-plate connection points distributed over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner and each of the plates including at least one loT communication element; and c) A control unit connected to the intelligent exploded view module and to the data acquisition module that generates a construction project from the exploded view and the real-time dynamic information received from the data acquisition module, where the control unit includes signal adaptation devices configured to transform unit commands into signals understood by the machinery intended to machine the multi-link plates, inserting the loT communication devices into them, and by the machinery to carry out the construction, management means of the static information referring to the project data, user registration means, manufacturers, machinery, clients, partners, materials, costs, times, supplies, taxation, legality, regulations, follow-ups to provide resources to each project and means of visualization to visualize the construction in two and/or three dimensions.
De acuerdo con el tercer aspecto, son también objeto de la invención las placas constructivas prefabricadas adaptadas para llevar a cabo el procedimiento descrito y para su uso en el sistema descrito, denominadas aquí placas interactivas multienlace. According to the third aspect, prefabricated construction plates adapted to carry out the described procedure and for use in the described system, called here interactive multi-link plates, are also an object of the invention.
Estas placas interactivas multienlace están conformadas por dos superficies (superior e inferior) y superficies laterales y disponen de una trama de puntos de enlace ínter-placa repartidos por todas sus superficies de forma alineada y/o a tres bolillo con el fin de unirse unas a otras definiendo cualquier estructura tridimensional o bidimensional deseada, solidarizando tal estructura, y/o para acoplar otros elementos constructivos. These multi-link interactive plates are made up of two surfaces (upper and lower) and side surfaces and have a network of inter-plate connection points spread over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner in order to join to each other defining any desired three-dimensional or two-dimensional structure, joining such structure, and/or to couple other construction elements.
En una realización, la trama de puntos de enlace está conformada por al menos un punto de enlace en cada vértice o a cierta distancia (x,y) del mismo en una o en ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales y/o por al menos un punto de enlace en el centro geométrico o a cierta distancia (x, y) del mismo en una o ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales.In one embodiment, the grid of connection points is made up of at least one connection point at each vertex or at a certain distance (x,y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides and/or by at least one attachment point at the geometric center or at a certain distance (x, y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides.
Estos puntos de enlace se conforman para recibir cualquier medio de unión con otra placa apropiado, por ejemplo pernos, tornillos, barras roscadas, imanes, o cualquier tipo de unión en seco, pudiendo ser medios de unión pasantes o no pasantes. These connection points are shaped to receive any appropriate connection means with another plate, for example bolts, screws, threaded bars, magnets, or any type of dry connection, which may be through or non-through connection means.
Las placas interactivas multienlace pueden aplicarse para cualquier tipo de construcción, por ejemplo elementos de piso, forjados, muros, suelos, techos técnicos, particiones, cerramientos, mobiliario y similares, así como de conjuntos tridimensionales solidarizados, dando lugar a construcciones de naturaleza residencial, industrial, comercial, recreativa, civil, pública, privada u otra, utilitaria (objetos), etc. The multi-link interactive panels can be applied to any type of construction, for example floor elements, floors, walls, floors, technical ceilings, partitions, enclosures, furniture and the like, as well as interconnected three-dimensional sets, giving rise to constructions of a residential nature, industrial, commercial, recreational, civil, public, private or other, utilitarian (objects), etc.
La combinación de placas interactivas multienlace y sus elementos de conexión asociados permiten crear conjuntos en dos y tres dimensiones según diferentes configuraciones.The combination of multi-link interactive plates and their associated connection elements allow the creation of sets in two and three dimensions according to different configurations.
Así, en un ejemplo de realización, la combinación de varias placas interactivas multienlace resulta en una superficie donde dichas placas interactivas multienlace se colocan a testa y se unen entre si mediante los elementos de unión sobre la trama de puntos de enlace para transmitir las cargas de una placa a otra y conformar superficies solidarizadas. Thus, in an example of an embodiment, the combination of several multi-link interactive plates results in a surface where said multi-link interactive plates are placed end-to-end and are joined together by means of the joining elements on the grid of connection points to transmit the loads of one plate to another and form solidary surfaces.
Esta combinación de placas conformado una superficie se puede combinar con otras conformando una disposición en capas de forma alineada, superponiendo una capa sobre la otra alineando las aristas, o solapada, desfasando una capa respecto a la anterior en una o más direcciones. Igualmente pueden realizarse combinaciones con placas interactivas multienlace de igual o distinta tipología, conformando así una estructura multicapa. Cabe señalar, que la matriz tridimensional de puntos de enlace garantiza la compatibilidad y capacidad de unión entre distintas tipologías de placas interactivas multienlace. This combination of plates forming one surface can be combined with others forming an arrangement in aligned layers, superimposing one layer on the other aligning the edges, or overlapping, offsetting one layer with respect to the previous one in one or more directions. Likewise, combinations can be made with multi-link interactive panels of the same or different types, thus forming a multi-layer structure. It should be noted that the three-dimensional matrix of connection points guarantees the compatibility and union capacity between different types of interactive multi-link plates.
En otro ejemplo, se conforman conjuntos tridimensionales solidarizados a base de placas interactivas multienlace por combinación de superficies formadas por placas interactivas multienlace con distinto grado de inclinación. Por ejemplo, se pueden obtener conjuntos tridimensionales solidarizados uniendo placas interactivas multienlace dispuestas en horizontal con placas interactivas multienlace dispuestas en vertical y/o con placas interactivas multienlace inclinadas. A su vez, cada superficie del conjunto tridimensional puede ser mono o multicapa. In another example, solidary three-dimensional assemblies are formed based on multi-link interactive plates by combining surfaces formed by multi-link interactive plates with different degrees of inclination. For example, sets can be obtained solidary three-dimensional connecting multi-link interactive plates arranged horizontally with multi-link interactive plates arranged vertically and/or with inclined multi-link interactive plates. In turn, each surface of the three-dimensional set can be single or multilayer.
Cabe señalar que, dado que la trama de puntos de enlace está repartida por todas las superficies de la placa inteligente multienlace, tanto en su perímetro como en su interior y en el lateral, se permite una total libertad de posicionamiento y combinación. Por ejemplo, si las placas interactivas multienlace se disponen en horizontal para crear superficies estructurales tales como forjados, podrán unirse, de forma alineada o no, muros de placas interactivas multienlace; si las placas interactivas multienlace se disponen en vertical para crear superficies estructurales tales como muros, se pueden mecanizar forjados u otros elementos como escaleras en cualquier posición o su altura. It should be noted that, since the grid of tie points is spread over all the surfaces of the multi-link smart board, both on its perimeter, inside and on the side, total freedom of positioning and combination is allowed. For example, if interactive multi-link plates are laid out horizontally to create structural surfaces such as slabs, walls of interactive multi-link plates can be joined, aligned or not; If multi-link interactive plates are arranged vertically to create structural surfaces such as walls, floors or other elements such as stairs can be machined at any position or height.
La invención permite obtener resultados equiparables a todos los efectos a una construcción tradicional en cuanto a libertad de diseño, forma, disposición de pilares, tamaño, n° de plantas, uso, resistencia y acabados y a una construcción de junta seca prefabricada, en cuanto a la capacidad de reutilización, desmontaje y transporte, con la particularidad de que, a diferencia de estas construcciones convencionales, con las piezas del sistema preconizado se puede realizar una configuración completamente distinta. Esto permite garantizar que la construcción sea 100% reutilizable en otro emplazamiento y 100% adaptable al nuevo contexto y a las necesidades del nuevo proyecto, sin ningún sobrecoste adicional más allá de los gastos derivados del transporte, del montaje in situ y de la producción de placas nuevas si fuera necesario. The invention makes it possible to obtain results comparable for all purposes to a traditional construction in terms of freedom of design, shape, arrangement of pillars, size, number of floors, use, resistance and finishes and to a prefabricated dry joint construction, in terms of the ability to reuse, disassemble and transport, with the particularity that, unlike these conventional constructions, a completely different configuration can be made with the parts of the recommended system. This makes it possible to guarantee that the construction is 100% reusable in another location and 100% adaptable to the new context and the needs of the new project, without any additional cost beyond the expenses derived from transport, on-site assembly and plate production. new if necessary.
La invención tal como se ha descrito permite igualmente explotar las capacidades de la implementación de las nuevas metodologías de trabajo colaborativas para la creación y gestión de los proyectos de construcción que han surgido en los últimos años, como es Building Information Modeling (BIM) y la implementación de sistemas autónomos gracias a la tecnología loT e inteligencia artificial integrada en los componentes del sistema, que permite la creación de modelos digitales perfectos y sincronizados, la introducción de tecnología y robótica en las fases de producción, montaje, uso, mantenimiento y desmontaje y el control de la trazabilidad de los procesos, para así lograr subsanar la improductividad, ineficiencia y pérdida de información a lo largo de todo el proceso productivo, los errores de precisión de la ejecución y la falta de controles de calidad tan comunes en la construcción actual. The invention as it has been described also allows exploiting the capabilities of the implementation of the new collaborative work methodologies for the creation and management of construction projects that have emerged in recent years, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the implementation of autonomous systems thanks to loT technology and artificial intelligence integrated in the system components, which allows the creation of perfect and synchronized digital models, the introduction of technology and robotics in the production, assembly, use, maintenance and disassembly phases and the control of the traceability of the processes, in order to correct the unproductiveness, inefficiency and loss of information throughout the entire production process, the precision errors of the execution and the lack of quality controls so common in current construction .

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Procedimiento de construcción que incluye las siguientes etapas: i) creación de un diseño digitalizado tridimensional de una construcción a llevar a cabo mediante un módulo de adquisición de datos que actúa de forma dinámica a tiempo real; ii) descomposición o despiece del diseño digitalizado, mediante un método paramétrico de despiece, llevado a cabo en un módulo de despiece inteligente, que descompone todas las superficies de la volumetría del diseño digitalizado en una serie de placas interactivas multienlace prefabricadas, transportables y mecanizables, disponiendo las placas de una trama de puntos de enlace inter placa repartidos por todas sus superficies de forma alineada y/o a tres bolillo e incluyendo cada una de las placas al menos un elemento de comunicación loT; iii) generación de un proyecto de construcción en una unidad de control a partir del despiece y de la información dinámica a tiempo real recibida del módulo de adquisición de datos, incluyendo el proyecto de construcción: a) la mecanización de las placas multienlace, para lo cual la unidad de control incluye dispositivos de adaptación de señal configurados para transformar las órdenes de la unidad de control a señales entendióles por la maquinaria destinada a mecanizar las placas multienlace, introduciendo en éstas los dispositivos de comunicación loT y b) ejecución del subproyecto de montaje mediante la unidad de control para recomponer en el lugar de destino, con las placas interactivas multienlace prefabricadas, el diseño digitalizado en la etapa i). 1. Construction procedure that includes the following stages: i) creation of a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out by means of a data acquisition module that acts dynamically in real time; ii) decomposition or exploded view of the digitized design, by means of a parametric exploded view method, carried out in an intelligent exploded view module, which breaks down all the volumetry surfaces of the digitized design into a series of prefabricated, transportable and machinable interactive multi-link plates, arranging the plates of a grid of inter-plate connection points distributed over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner and each of the plates including at least one loT communication element; iii) generation of a construction project in a control unit from the breakdown and real-time dynamic information received from the data acquisition module, including the construction project: a) the mechanization of the multilink plates, for which which the control unit includes signal adaptation devices configured to transform the orders of the control unit into signals understood by the machinery destined to machine the multi-link plates, introducing the loT communication devices in them and b) execution of the assembly subproject by means of the control unit to recompose at the destination, with the prefabricated multi-link interactive boards, the digitized design in stage i).
2. Procedimiento de construcción según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque, en la etapa ii), en la trama de puntos de enlace los puntos de enlace se distribuyen según una o más de las siguientes: 2. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step ii), in the grid of connection points the connection points are distributed according to one or more of the following:
• al menos un punto de enlace en cada vértice y/o a cierta distancia (x,y) del mismo en una o en ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales; • at least one attachment point at each vertex and/or at a certain distance (x,y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides;
• al menos un punto de enlace en el centro geométrico y/o a cierta distancia (x, y) del mismo en una o ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales. • at least one attachment point at the geometric center and/or at a certain distance (x, y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides.
3. Procedimiento de construcción según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque, a partir de la trama de enlaces de la placa multienlace, se genera una matriz tridimensional de puntos de enlace reproducible en las placas multienlace y cada matriz de puntos de enlace genera una familia de placas que agrupa diversas variantes tipológicas concretas a utilizar para el despiece de la etapa ii) antes descrita. 3. Construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that , based on the grid of links of the multilink plate, a three-dimensional matrix of link points reproducible in the multilink plates is generated and each matrix of link points generates a family of plates that groups together various specific typological variants to be used for the breakdown of stage ii) described above.
4. Procedimiento de construcción según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el al menos un dispositivo de comunicación loT es de tipo activo o pasivo y permite digitalizar, automatizar y operar con dispositivos digitales y electromecánicos, en base a modelos de comunicación Device-to-Device, Device-to-Cloud, Device-to- Gateway y Back-End Data-Sharing. 4. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one loT communication device is of the active or passive type and allows digitizing, automating and operating with digital and electromechanical devices, based on Device-to-Device communication models. , Device-to-Cloud, Device-to-Gateway and Back-End Data-Sharing.
5. Procedimiento de construcción según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el módulo de adquisición de datos presenta medios para recoger, almacenar y transmitir datos de sensores, dispositivos loT, bases de datos o librerías en tiempo real y para enviarlos al módulo de despiece inteligente y a la unidad central de control a los que está conectado 5. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the data acquisition module has means for collecting, storing and transmitting data from sensors, loT devices, databases or libraries in real time and for sending them to the intelligent breakdown module already the central control unit to which it is connected
6. Procedimiento de construcción según las reivindicaciones 1 a 2, caracterizado porque en el método paramétrico de despiece se introducen parámetros específicos y se realiza el despiece de las superficies en base a las familias de placas interactivas multienlace, realizando las siguientes operaciones: 6. Construction procedure according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that specific parameters are introduced in the parametric exploded method and the exploded surfaces are performed based on the families of multi-link interactive plates, performing the following operations:
- Define un origen de coordenadas para el diseño digitalizado tridimensional (ortogonal al plano de inclinación de la superficie), y otros orígenes de coordenadas que sean necesarios; - Defines a coordinate origin for the three-dimensional digitized design (orthogonal to the slope plane of the surface), and other coordinate origins as necessary;
- Genera una matriz de despiece para cada familia de placas multienlace, descomponiendo cada superficie del diseño digitalizado en base a tales familias;- Generates an exploded matrix for each family of multilink boards, breaking down each surface of the digitized design based on such families;
- Realiza la comprobación de la trama de puntos de enlace, verificando que existen suficientes elementos de enlace para solidarizar las superficies y que todos los elementos mecanizados a la placa multienlace interactiva están situados sobre sus puntos de enlace; - Checks the link point grid, verifying that there are enough link elements to support the surfaces and that all the elements machined to the interactive multi-link plate are located on their link points;
- Aplica las restricciones de estabilidad propias de cada superficie, verificando que las relaciones de estabilidad para las superficies de cada variante tipológica y las relaciones de estabilidad del diseño tridimensional y todos los elementos que lo componen soportarán las fuerzas externas a las que se verá sometida la construcción; - Applies the stability restrictions of each surface, verifying that the stability relations for the surfaces of each typological variant and the Stability relationships of the three-dimensional design and all the elements that compose it will withstand the external forces to which the construction will be subjected;
- Realiza el recuento de placas interactivas multienlace según las variantes tipológicas y el recuento de los elementos de unión según tipología. - Performs the count of multilink interactive plates according to the typological variants and the count of the joining elements according to type.
7. Sistema constructivo para llevar a cabo el procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque está conformado por los siguientes elementos: a) Un módulo de adquisición de datos de un diseño digitalizado tridimensional de una construcción a llevar a cabo que actúa de forma dinámica a tiempo real e incluye medios para recoger, almacenar y transmitir datos de sensores, dispositivos loT, bases de datos o librerías en tiempo real procedentes de distintas fuentes de información a un módulo de despiece inteligente y a una unidad de control; b) Un módulo de despiece inteligente de descomposición o despiece del diseño digitalizado mediante un método paramétrico de despiece, descomponiendo el módulo de despiece inteligente todas las superficies de la volumetría del diseño digitalizado en una serie de placas interactivas multienlace prefabricadas, transportables y mecanizables, disponiendo las placas de una trama de puntos de enlace ínter-placa repartidos por todas sus superficies de forma alineada y/o a tres bolillo e incluyendo cada una de las placas al menos un elemento de comunicación loT; y c) Una unidad de control conectada al módulo de despiece inteligente y al módulo de adquisición de datos que genera un proyecto de construcción a partir del despiece y de la información dinámica a tiempo real recibida del módulo de adquisición de datos, donde la unidad de control incluye dispositivos de adaptación de señal configurados para transformar las órdenes de la unidad a señales entendióles por la maquinaria destinada a mecanizar las placas multienlace, introduciendo en éstas los dispositivos de comunicación loT, y por la maquinaria a llevar a cabo la construcción, medios de gestión de la información estática referida a los datos del proyecto, medios de registro de usuarios, fabricantes, maquinaria, clientes, socios, materiales, costes, tiempos, suministros, fiscalidad, legalidad, normas, seguimientos para proporcionar recursos a cada proyecto y medios de visualización para visualizar en dos y/o tres dimensiones la construcción. 7. Construction system to carry out the procedure according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is made up of the following elements: a) A data acquisition module of a three-dimensional digitized design of a construction to be carried out that acts dynamically in real time and includes means to collect, store and transmit data from sensors, loT devices, databases or libraries in real time from different sources of information to an intelligent cutting module and a control unit; b) An intelligent exploded view module for the decomposition or exploded view of the digitized design by means of a parametric exploded view method, the intelligent exploded view module decomposing all the volumetry surfaces of the digitized design in a series of prefabricated, transportable and mechanizable multi-link interactive plates, arranging the plates of a network of inter-plate connection points distributed over all their surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner and each of the plates including at least one loT communication element; and c) A control unit connected to the intelligent exploded view module and to the data acquisition module that generates a construction project from the exploded view and the real-time dynamic information received from the data acquisition module, where the control unit includes signal adaptation devices configured to transform unit commands into signals understood by the machinery intended to machine the multi-link plates, inserting the loT communication devices into them, and by the machinery to carry out the construction, management means of the static information referring to the project data, user registration means, manufacturers, machinery, clients, partners, materials, costs, times, supplies, taxation, legality, regulations, follow-ups to provide resources to each project and means of visualization to visualize the construction in two and/or three dimensions.
8. Sistema constructivo según la reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque la unidad de control incluye los siguientes módulos: 8. Construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that the control unit includes the following modules:
Un módulo de proyecto que incluye medios de gestión de la información estática referida a los datos del proyecto; A project module that includes means of managing the static information referring to the project data;
Un módulo de gestión que incluye medios de registro de usuarios, fabricantes, maquinaria, clientes, socios, materiales, costes, tiempos, suministros, fiscalidad, legalidad, normas, seguimientos para proporcionar recursos a cada proyecto;A management module that includes means of registering users, manufacturers, machinery, clients, partners, materials, costs, times, supplies, taxation, legality, regulations, monitoring to provide resources for each project;
Un módulo de seguridad para gestionar los permisos de los usuarios, el acceso a la información, las medidas de protección frente amenazas de malware y protocolos de comunicación; A security module to manage user permissions, access to information, protection measures against malware threats and communication protocols;
Un módulo de visualización para visualizar en dos y/o tres dimensiones el proyecto de construcción con distintos niveles de abstracción, por ejemplo para visualizar simulaciones de despieces, y/o para visualizar el seguimiento a tiempo real del proceso constructivo en todas sus fases; A visualization module to visualize the construction project in two and/or three dimensions with different levels of abstraction, for example to visualize simulations of exploded views, and/or to visualize real-time monitoring of the construction process in all its phases;
Un módulo de control de componentes físicos, donde los componentes físicos están constituidos por la maquinaria y las placas multienlace interactivas, presentando este módulo de control medios de comunicación inalámbricos para comunicarse con dispositivos de comunicación loT dispuestos en la maquinaria y en las placas interactivas multienlace y susceptibles de emitir y recibir información de forma activa o pasiva, medios de comunicación inalámbricos configurados para que los dispositivos loT interactúen con otros agentes, como personas u otros dispositivos loT remotos; A control module of physical components, where the physical components are constituted by the machinery and the interactive multilink plates, this control module presenting wireless communication means to communicate with loT communication devices arranged in the machinery and in the interactive multilink plates and capable of actively or passively emitting and receiving information, wireless means of communication configured for loT devices to interact with other agents, such as people or other remote loT devices;
Medios de adaptación de señal y comunicación configurados para transformar las órdenes de la unidad de control a señales entendióles por los componentes físicos. Signal and communication adaptation means configured to transform the orders of the control unit into signals understood by the physical components.
9. Placas constructivas prefabricadas para llevar a cabo el procedimiento según las reivindicaciones 1 a 6 y para su uso en el sistema según las reivindicaciones 7 a 8, caracterizadas porque están conformadas por una superficie superior, una superficie inferior y superficies laterales y disponen de una trama de puntos de enlace inter placa repartidos por todas sus superficies de forma alineada y/o a tres bolillo con el fin de unirse unas a otras definiendo cualquier estructura tridimensional o bidimensional deseada, solidarizando tal estructura, y/o para acoplar otros elementos constructivos bolillo e incluyendo cada una de las placas al menos un elemento de comunicación loT. 9. Prefabricated construction plates to carry out the procedure according to claims 1 to 6 and for use in the system according to claims 7 to 8, characterized in that they are made up of an upper surface, a lower surface and lateral surfaces and have a grid of inter-plate connection points spread over all its surfaces in an aligned and/or three-fold manner in order to join one another defining any three-dimensional structure or desired two-dimensional, supporting such a structure, and/or to couple other constructive elements, and including each of the plates at least one loT communication element.
10. Placas constructivas prefabricadas según la reivindicación 9, caracterizadas porque la trama de puntos de enlace está conformada por al menos un punto de enlace en cada vértice y/o a cierta distancia (x,y) del mismo en una o en ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales y/o por al menos un punto de enlace en el centro geométrico y/o a cierta distancia (x, y) del mismo en una o ambas caras de la placa y/o en sus laterales. 10. Prefabricated construction plates according to claim 9, characterized in that the grid of connection points is made up of at least one connection point at each vertex and/or at a certain distance (x,y) from it on one or both sides of the plate and/or on its sides and/or by at least one attachment point at the geometric center and/or at a certain distance (x, y) from it on one or both faces of the plate and/or on its sides.
PCT/ES2020/070475 2020-07-22 2020-07-22 Construction procedure, construction system and prefabricated construction plates for carrying out this procedure WO2022018307A1 (en)

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