ES2281289A1 - Prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling and method for erecting said dwelling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated reinforced-concrete single-family dwelling and method for erecting said dwelling, the principal components of which, such as pillars (1), enclosing walls (4), slabs (7), roof (9), etc., are prefabricated at the workshop from reinforced concrete. Not only the slabs (7) but also the enclosing walls (4) carry precise installations integrated into their interior. The elements are positioned mechanically in accordance with the dwelling layout. Starting with the foundations, produced in situ, the tie beams and corresponding seatings for supporting the enclosure walls (4) are made, proceeding, in correlative order, to erection of the dwelling with interior and dividing enclosing walls (8), staircases (13), slabs (7) and exterior enclosing walls (4), finishing with the roof (9), in order subsequently to proceed to connecting the various installations between enclosing walls and false ceilings where they are incorporated.

Description

Prefabricated concrete house assembly and assembly procedure.

Object of the invention

As expressed in the statement herein Descriptive report, this invention relates to a dwelling prefabricated single-family reinforced concrete and the procedure of assembly of it, gathering a series of advantages and characteristics, inherent to its organization and constitution, that they will be described in detail later, and that suppose a innovative alternative to what is already known in this field.

Specifically, the object of the invention It consists of a single-family dwelling (at four winds or paired) built on the basis, and in all its context, of precast reinforced concrete, that is, of which all important elements, such as pillars, enclosures, plates forged, deck, etc. they are made in a workshop made of concrete armed, to later put them into work, placing them mechanically and in accordance with the housing scheme, including both slabs and enclosures the precise installations of water, sanitation, heating, electricity, communications and home automation inside, conveniently studied.

Scope

The scope of the invention is found within the construction industry and more specifically the construction of housing type single family.

Background of the invention

Currently and as a reference to the state of the technique should be mentioned that homes are known and prefabricated buildings.

However, in most cases, said constructions consist of finished modules that entirely manufactured in the workshop they are moved and installed in the work, however, these types of constructions usually consist of houses or modules type cabin, bungalow, etc., of low resistance since they are generally made of materials such as wood, metal plates, or various coatings.

On the other hand, the prefabricated modular elements applied to the construction of reinforced concrete houses or houses are also known, being in this case only certain elements, such as panels, partitions, blocks, etc. which are made in workshop with different materials such as plasterboard, wood, etc. and that are installed in the work, being the rest of the construction conventionally carried out " in situ ".

It should be mentioned, however, that the petitioner is unaware of the existence of a single-family home precast reinforced concrete that has characteristics technical, structural and constitutive similar to those that advocates the present invention.

Explanation of the invention.

Thus, the prefabricated single-family housing of reinforced concrete that the invention proposes, constitutes by itself an obvious novelty within its field of application, since It also presents a series of substantial and advantageous differences in the behavior of the elements that constitute its structure compared to those of a traditional construction.

In this way, apart from the foundation that, as in a traditional construction, is concrete and is carried out, as previously mentioned " in situ ", the rest of the important elements are made of reinforced concrete in the workshop and are mounted at work, the main advantages of such elements being the following:

- The pillars, which in construction traditional are the elements that are responsible for collecting the charges of the building and transmit them to the foundation, making zunchos tied between pillars for horizontal solicitations, in the housing of the invention collect only and exclusively the charges of the cover parts, serving as a guide for enclosures

- The floors, in the housing of the invention they bear the loads of use, but they transmit them to the enclosures and not to the pillars as in traditional construction.

- Enclosures and partitions are walls that provide insulation to housing and create physical stays, incorporating ornamental elements in the facade, being in the new prefabricated housing of the invention, walls that apart from provide isolation are also responsible for collecting and transmitting housing charges.

Finally and as a remarkable feature, It should be noted that, as in traditional construction, facilities and services are performed on site once completed the enclosures and partition walls in the absence of plastering work and  auctions, the housing of the invention includes all installations in the prefabrication process of the enclosures, integrating inside the electrical installations, of water supply, sanitation, telephone heating, home automation, etc.

On the other hand, the procedure for assembly part first of the foundation carried out on site, after rethinking and in accordance with the measures obtained in planes, making the tied beams in said foundation and corresponding seats for the support of the enclosures.

Once this is finished, proceed in order correlative to the assembly itself as follows: Interior enclosures, partition walls, stairs, slabs and exterior enclosures that will form a chamber with the interior enclosures that in turn will give the house and throughout its facade the final completion, ending with the cover.

Once all these operations have been carried out will proceed to join all the installations of water, heating toilets, etc. that will go through the false ceiling.

Subsequently, the placement of sanitary appliances, boiler, windows, doors and other elements necessary, to then perform the sealing of all meetings with enclosures, pillars and slabs, etc., given by Finished with the finishes and paint.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, is attached herein descriptive, as an integral part of it, of a game of planes, in which with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, represented the following:

Figures number 1 to 5.- Show respective sectional views according to a cross section of the different types of pillars that incorporates the housing of the invention according to its location

Figure number 6.- Shows an elevation view of one of the pillars once embedded in the shoe-
ta.

Figure number 7.- Shows a detail of a of the plates that incorporate each of the pillars.

Figures 8A, 8B and 8C.- Show paths elevation and longitudinal and cross section views respectively of an example enclosure panel.

Figures 9A, 9B and 9C.- Show paths elevation and longitudinal and cross section views respectively of an example of an interior panel.

Figure number 10.- Shows a view in section according to a longitudinal section of an example of the Forging plate configuration.

Figures number 11A and 11B.- Show paths elevation views and floor plan of the housing.

Figure number 12.- Shows a detail of the attach the cover parts with the prickly beam.

Figure number 13.- Shows a view in elevation of the pieces that make up the stairs of the house and Its fixing mode.

Figure number 14.- It is a detail of the union of the stair piece with the floor.

Figure number 15.- Shows a view in elevation of an example of enclosure in which the incorporation inside the wiring for the connection of local facilities

Figure number 16.- Shows a view in section according to a longitudinal section of the house as a whole clearly appreciating all the elements that configure it.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the aforementioned figures and of according to the numbering adopted, you can see in them a example of preferred realization of the single-family home precast reinforced concrete that advocates the invention, the example represented belongs to a project of two semi-detached houses and which includes the parts indicated and described in detail below.

The numerical references applied to drawings correspond to the parts that relate to continuation:

one-

Pillars: (1st) corner pillar left, (1b) intermediate pillar facade, (1c) intermediate pillar hastial, (1d) central pillar and (1e) corner pillar straight.

2-

Shoes

3-

Pillar grooves

4-

Exterior enclosures

5-

Pillar plates

6-

Skirting of the closing panels outdoor

7-

Forged

8-

Interior divider honeycombs

9-

Cover: (9a) normal parts (9b) special pieces spine.

10-

Board

eleven-

Beam cumbera

12-

Cumbera beam groove

13-

Stairs

14-

Wiring facilities

fifteen-

Taking from local networks

16-

Solera

17-

Basement

18-

Low level

19-

First floor

twenty-

Loft

twenty-one-

Stair junctions

Thus, the proposed construction model establishes the placement and leveling of the pillars (1) that they will serve as guides for the enclosures (4) and divisions (8), the which adopt different configurations, as observed respectively in figures 1 to 5, according to their location, in left corner (1a) (figure 1), intermediate facade (1b) (figure 2), intermediate gable (1c) (figure 3), central (4) (figure 1d) and in the right corner (1e) (figure 5).

The pillars (1) are made of reinforced concrete one-time prefabricated and embedded in the foundation with braces (2) braced as shown in Figure 6, the laterals having a lower height than the central ones, with a adequate longitudinal assembly and a groove (3) belonging to the  tongue and groove mechanism with the closing panel (4), whose Measurement will vary depending on the pillar.

As seen in the detail of the figure 7, each of the pillars (1) has a series of plates attached (5) metallic in the aforementioned grooves (3), which serve to make welded joints between the upper edges of the panel  enclosure (4) and the plate itself (5) of the pillar (1), getting the enclosure (4) not only to work by gravity, but also collaborate horizontally.

For its part, the enclosure panels (4) they are precast of reinforced concrete and give bearing capacity to set. The enclosure panels (4) carry, as is see in figures 8A to 8C, a skirt (6) that runs along along the entire panel, located in the upper area, which it only has the function of covering the edge of the slabs (7), since the next enclosure that is placed will rest on the corresponding forged (7). In this case the enclosure (4) provides the structural capacity and the floor (7) is responsible for transmitting loads between enclosures.

The enclosures (4), as mentioned previously, in addition to working by gravity, they also collaborate by joints welded with the pillars (1).

There are also interior panels (8) that do not they collaborate with the structure and they only take care of the internal distribution of housing, as seen in the example depicted in figures 9A to 9C, with both exterior enclosures (4) as the interior divisions (8) of the corresponding holes (8a) provided for doors and windows

An example of the floor slabs (7), which, like the rest of the elements which constitute the prefabricated housing proposed by the invention, They are prefabricated with reinforced concrete and are supported by the panels of enclosure (4), leaving its song hidden by the skirt (6) commented above.

Finally, the cover (9), as it is appreciate in figures 11A and 11B is also prefabricated of reinforced concrete, is made to two waters with special pieces (9b) to configure the boards (10).

The pieces (9a) of the cover are located supported by two points, one is the cumbera beam (11), where fits into a horizontal groove (12) as seen in the detail of figure 12, and the other is in the enclosure (4), where they have a piece that prevents movement and at the same time performs the loading function.

Said cumbera beam (11) is a continuous beam Precast reinforced concrete (one for each dwelling in the pictured example) with two supports on the head of the pillars (1), said supports being unions made using cords of welding on the sides (figure 12).

The thrusts the cover could produce (9) on the enclosure (4) are solved with the joints welded between pillar (1) and enclosure (4) using the plates (5) above described, since they provide lateral rigidity to the whole of the structure.

Figure 13 shows the stairs (13), which are made up of prefabricated whole pieces of reinforced concrete, there are two different types; the first counts with two joints (21) welded to the slabs (7), such as it can be seen in the detail of figure 14, and the second type is the staircase that joins the basement (17) with the floor (7) of the floor low (18), which is supported by the hearth (16) and has a joint (21) welded to the floor (7) of the ground floor (18).

In order to facilitate the assembly of the pieces from the stairs (13) a series of supports have been placed (no represented) in the enclosures (4) but without any capacity bearing

It should be noted that lateral forces exerted by the cover (9), are resolved by incorporating the welded joints between enclosures (4) and pillars (1), of this way deliveries are not only by gravity but also There is collaboration against lateral efforts.

The possible seismic risk is resolved from the same form.

Although there is no high degree of ductility in the structure is considered to be not a determining factor, since It is a building with little slenderness.

On the other hand, the invention provides for the transport and assembly of the pillars (1) which is carried out by means of two bolts that cross the entire section, the assembly and placement of the enclosures (4) with two fastening points that are housed in the upper edge thereof, and that the slabs (7) be placed with four anchors on the upper face, attached to the main reinforcement in the prefabrication process.
tion.

Finally, in the system proposed by the invention, all local installations are advantageously carried out in the same manufacturing process of the enclosure part (4) or interior partition wall
(8).

That is, in the molds where they are concreted Enclosures (4) and interior panels or partitions (8) are included the wiring (14) with its coatings, being embedded once concrete has been poured, as seen in the example represented in figure 15.

Once the facilities are distributed in the enclosures (4) and interior panels (8), there is a general network that runs hidden above the false ceiling that is responsible for connect to the local network sockets (15) found in the upper edge of the enclosures.

Subsequently, the distribution of each of the plants, there are steps enabled in each of floor slabs (7) for the height distribution of all the facilities and that will be adequately covered by the suspended ceiling, which consist of cold water installations  and hot, sanitation, heating, electrical installation, communications and home automation, all complying with the regulations valid for each case.

The procedure for housing assembly prefabricated reinforced concrete house that advocates the The present invention, being a modular construction, is performs in an orderly manner so as not to create load decompensation and running it increasingly in height as follows shape:

First a foundation is created by means of shoes (2) braced between them, in such a way that In addition to collecting the pillar loads (1), they serve as support for the enclosures (4).

Then there is a hearth (16) perfectly level.

Once a platform is completely obtained level and firm, the aforementioned solera (16), and all the pillars (1) prefabricated embedded in their shoes (2), begins to mount the outer walls (4).

At startup will be the enclosures of basement (17) the first to be placed, embedding the panel enclosure (4) by the grooves (3) of the pillars (1) from the head of the same until the foundation support.

The assembly process meets two criteria: The assembly is done linearly and increasing in height, being divided into repetitive levels of enclosure panels (4) and floors (7).

Thus, and in summary, the process is the next:

1st Level - Basement (17)

Foundation (shoes (2)), hearth (16), pillars (1), exterior enclosure panels (4), interior panels (8), ladder (13).

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2nd Level - Ground floor (18)

Forged (7), Exterior panels (4), panels interiors (8), stairs (13).

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3rd Level - First Floor (19)

Forged (7), Exterior panels (4), panels interiors (8), stairs (13).

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4th Level - Loft (20)

Forged (7), Exterior panels (4), panels interiors (8), cover pieces (9).

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Once the structural work is finished, continues to make the connections of the facilities, the placement of doors and windows, of toilets to finally Perform painting work.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example. , and which will also achieve the protection that is sought as long as it does not alter, change or modify its principle
fundamental.

Claims (12)

1. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family housing, of the type constructed based on prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, which are made in a workshop made of reinforced concrete, to subsequently put them on site, placing them mechanically and in accordance with the scheme of the housing , characterized by comprising prefabricated reinforced concrete pillars (1) at one time and embedded in the foundation with braced shoes (2), which will serve as guides for enclosures (4) and divisions (8), which adopt different configurations according to their location; prefabricated reinforced concrete enclosure panels (4) that give bearing capacity to the whole; prefabricated interior panels (8) that are responsible for the interior distribution of the dwelling; precast reinforced concrete slabs (7) that rest on the enclosure panels (4); a deck (9), prefabricated of reinforced concrete, made to two waters with special pieces (9b) to configure the boards (10); a cumbera beam (11) continues prefabricated of reinforced concrete with two supports in the head of the pillars (1), said supports being unions made by welding cords on the sides; and stairs (13), consisting of prefabricated whole pieces of reinforced concrete. 2. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family dwelling, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral pillars (1) are smaller than the central ones; and because the pillars (1), with a suitable longitudinal reinforcement, have a groove (3) belonging to the tongue and groove mechanism with the closing panel (4), the measurement of which will vary depending on the pillar. 3. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family dwelling, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each of the pillars (1) has a series of metal plates (5) attached to the grooves (3), which serve to make welded joints between the upper edges of the enclosure panel (4) and the plate itself (5) of the pillar (1), ensuring that the enclosure (4) not only works by gravity, but also collaborates horizontally. 4. Prefabricated single-family reinforced concrete housing, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the enclosure panels (4) incorporate a skirt (6) that runs along the entire panel, located in the upper area , which covers the edge of the slabs (7). 5. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family dwelling, according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the roof (9) is constituted by pieces (9a) that are supported on two points: on the cumber beam (11), where it fits in a horizontal groove (12), and in the enclosure (4), where they have a piece that prevents movement and at the same time performs the function of loading. 6. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family dwelling, according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stairs (13) are of two different types; the first has two joints (21) welded to the slabs (7), and the second type is the staircase that joins the basement (17) with the slab (7) of the ground floor (18), which is it is supported by the hearth (16) and has a joint (21) welded to the floor (7) of the ground floor (18); and because to facilitate its assembly a series of supports have been placed in the enclosures (4) without bearing capacity. 7. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family housing, according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lateral forces exerted by the roof (9), are resolved by incorporating the welded joints between enclosures (4) and pillars (1) , in this way deliveries are not only by gravity but also there is collaboration against lateral efforts, and because the possible seismic risk is resolved in the same way, since it is a building with little slenderness. 8. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family housing, according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the transport and assembly of the pillars (1) is carried out by means of two bolts that cross the entire section, the assembly and placement of the enclosures (4) with two fastening points that are housed in the upper edge thereof, and that the slabs (7) are placed with four anchors on the upper face, attached to the main reinforcement in the prefabrication process. 9. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family dwelling, according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that all local installations are carried out in the same manufacturing process of the enclosure part (4) or interior partition wall (8) in a way that in the molds where the enclosures (4) and interior panels (8) and interior partitions (8) are concreted, the wiring (14) with its coatings is included, being embedded once the concrete has been poured. 10. Prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family dwelling, according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that once the facilities are distributed in the enclosures (4) and interior panels (8), there is a general network that runs hidden above the false ceiling that is responsible for connecting to the sockets of local networks (15) that are in the upper edge of the enclosures, and because there are enabled steps in each of the floors of floors (7) for the distribution in height of all the facilities, which consist of the installations of hot and cold water, sanitation, heating, electrical installation, communications and home automation, all of them complying with the regulations in force for each case. 11. Procedure for the assembly of a prefabricated reinforced concrete single-family dwelling, characterized by the fact that it is carried out in an orderly manner so as not to create load decompensation, executing it increasingly in height as follows: - A foundation is created using shoes (2) braced between them, so that in addition to collecting pillar loads (1), support the enclosures (4). - A solera (16) extends perfectly level in which the pillars (1) are embedded in corresponding shoes (2). - The enclosures are started to be mounted exteriors (4), which at the start will be the enclosures of the basement (17) the first to be placed, embedding the panel enclosure (4) by the grooves (3) of the pillars (1) from the head of the same until the foundation support. In which the assembly process serves two Criteria: The assembly is done in a linear and increasing way in height, being divided into repetitive levels of panels enclosure (4) and slabs (7), following the following process: 1st Level - Basement (17) Foundation (shoes (2)), hearth (16), pillars (1), exterior enclosure panels (4), interior panels (8), ladder (13).

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2nd Level - Ground floor (18) Forged (7), Exterior panels (4), panels interiors (8), stairs (13).

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3rd Level - First Floor (19) Forged (7), Exterior panels (4), panels interiors (8), stairs (13).

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4th Level - Loft (20) Forged (7), Exterior panels (4), panels interiors (8), cover pieces (9).

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12. Prefabricated single-family housing reinforced concrete, according to claims 1 to 10, made by the assembly procedure described in the claim eleven.