EP4424410A1 - Air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an air supply device (100) for a fixed bed gasifier (200) for generating a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials, with a sleeve-shaped body (101) which can be positioned in a gasifier interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200), wherein the sleeve-shaped body (101) has a body wall (103), wherein the body wall (103) has a body outer side (105) which can be placed on a wall inner side (203) of a gasifier wall (201) of the fixed bed gasifier (200) facing the gasifier interior (205), wherein the body wall (103) has a body inner side (107) which can be placed towards the gasifier interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200), wherein the sleeve-shaped body (101) has an air guide cavity (109) which is formed within the body wall (103) and is delimited by the body outer side (105) and the body inner side (107), wherein a plurality of ventilation openings (111) are formed in the body inner side (107) of the body wall (103), which extend through the body inner side (107) to the air guide cavity (109) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) in order to fluidically connect the air guide cavity (109) to the carburetor interior (205); and at least one air supply nozzle (113) which is attached to the body outer side (105) of the body wall (103) and can be guided through a wall opening (227) of the gasifier wall (201), wherein the air supply nozzle (113) has a nozzle interior (115) which is fluidically connected to the air guide cavity (109), and wherein the air supply device (100) is designed to guide air through the nozzle interior (115) of the air supply nozzle (113) into the air guide cavity (109) of the body wall (103) and from the air guide cavity (109) through the ventilation openings (111) of the body inner side (107) into the gasifier interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200) in order to achieve an effective oxidation of the To achieve this, the carbonaceous materials taken up by the fixed bed gasifier (200) can be reached.

Description

The invention relates to an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier, in particular for a direct current fixed bed gasifier, for producing a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials, and to a fixed bed gasifier, in particular a direct current fixed bed gasifier, for producing a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials with an air supply device.

Fixed bed gasifiers are usually used to produce a combustible gas from solid carbonaceous materials, such as biomass, which can be used in downstream gas turbines or combined heat and power plants to generate electricity or heat. An example of a fixed bed gasifier is the cocurrent fixed bed gasifier, which is characterized by the fact that the feed direction of the solid carbonaceous materials coincides with the flow direction of the supplied combustion air and the combustible gas produced.

Usually, fixed bed gasifiers have different reaction zones, comprising a heating zone in which the carbonaceous materials are heated and dried, an adjoining pyrolytic decomposition zone in which the dried carbonaceous materials are converted into coke, producing volatile gases, an adjoining oxidation zone in which the long-chain organic compounds of the volatile gases produced during pyrolysis are thermally broken down by the addition of oxygen at very high temperatures, producing, for example, carbon dioxide and water, and a reduction zone adjoining the oxidation zone in which the compounds produced in the oxidation zone react with the coke to form the desired combustible gas, which may include, for example, methane, hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide.

A disadvantage of conventional fixed bed gasifiers is that relatively high requirements are often placed on the size of the carbonaceous material, for example dimensions of 3 cm x 3 cm x 5 cm, and on the water content, for example less than 20%. When using carbonaceous materials with too high a water content or a high proportion of non-gasifiable material, slag can form, which contaminates the fixed bed gasifier and reduces the performance of the system. The supply of air via nozzles, which is usually used in conventional fixed bed gasifiers, has the disadvantage that the flow of the carbonaceous material from top to bottom is disrupted by the nozzles. In addition, corresponding nozzles offer the carbonaceous material the opportunity to settle, which causes bridges to form and can clog the fixed bed gasifier.

The publication EN 10 2007 017 859 A1 discloses a double-walled direct current gasifier for organic components and water-containing solid materials.

The publication EP 1 616 932 A1 discloses a direct current carburetor with a filling shaft, a combustion chamber, a grate and at least one air inlet opening.

The present invention is based on the object of ensuring an advantageous homogeneous supply of air into a fixed bed gasifier.

This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying figures.

According to a first aspect, the object of the invention is achieved by an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier for generating a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials, with a sleeve-shaped body which can be positioned in a gasifier interior of the fixed bed gasifier, wherein the sleeve-shaped body has a body wall, wherein the body wall has a body outer side which can be placed on an inner side of a gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier facing the gasifier interior, wherein the body wall has a body inner side which can be turned towards the gasifier interior of the fixed bed gasifier, wherein the sleeve-shaped body has an air guide cavity which is formed within the body wall and is delimited by the body outer side and the body inner side, wherein a plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the body inner side of the body wall, which extend through the body inner side to the air guide cavity of the sleeve-shaped body in order to Air guide cavity to fluidically connect it to the carburetor interior; and at least one air supply nozzle, which is attached to the outside of the body wall, and by a Wall opening of the carburetor wall, wherein the air supply nozzle has a nozzle interior which is fluidically connected to the air guide cavity, and wherein the air supply device is designed to guide air through the nozzle interior of the air supply nozzle into the air guide cavity of the body wall and from the air guide cavity through the ventilation openings of the body interior into the carburetor interior of the fixed bed gasifier in order to achieve effective oxidation of the carbon-containing materials accommodated in the fixed bed gasifier.

This achieves the technical advantage that the air supply device ensures a homogeneous supply of air into the oxidation zone of a fixed bed gasifier. This optimizes the gasification process in the fixed bed gasifier, so that stable operation can be achieved even with carbonaceous materials that have a high water content and/or have an unfavorable lumpiness.

The air supply device can be installed directly during the manufacture of the fixed bed gasifier or can alternatively be installed later as part of a retrofit into an existing fixed bed gasifier.

In particular, the outside of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body and the inside of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier face each other. The outside of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body can be placed against the inside of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier, the outside of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body being connected in particular indirectly to the inside of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier. In particular, a wall cavity is arranged between the outside of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body and the inside of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier, which is filled in particular with bulkhead material, in particular concrete, in order to achieve an indirect connection between the outside of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body and the inside of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier.

The sleeve shape of the sleeve-shaped body of the air supply device ensures an advantageous flow of the carbon-containing material through the sleeve-shaped Body from top to bottom is ensured in such a way that slag and tar cannot settle on the sleeve-shaped body.

The large number of ventilation openings in the sleeve-shaped body ensure a uniform supply of air from all sides, resulting in more uniform gasification and an increase in performance in a small space. In addition, the residence time of the carbonaceous material is increased, resulting in less ash formation, a reduction in tar content and a higher efficiency.

In particular, the fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention is a co-current fixed bed gasifier, which is characterized in that the supply direction of the solid carbonaceous materials coincides with the flow direction of supplied combustion air and the generated combustible gas.

In particular, the fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention is a cocurrent fixed bed gasifier, which is characterized in that the supply direction of the solid carbonaceous materials is opposite to the flow direction of supplied combustion air and the generated combustible gas.

Alternatively, the fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention is a double-fire gasifier, which is characterized in that a further burner is connected downstream of the direct current gasifier.

Alternatively, the fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention is a multi-stage gasifier, which is characterized in that the pyrolysis zone and the gasification zone are spatially separated.

In an advantageous embodiment, a first body opening delimited by the body inner side is formed in the upper side of the sleeve-shaped body, and a second body opening delimited by the body inner side is formed in the lower side of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein in particular a second inner diameter of the second body opening is smaller than a first inner diameter of the first body opening.

This achieves the technical advantage that the carbon-containing material can penetrate into the interior of the sleeve-shaped body through the first body opening, and that the carbon-containing material can be removed from the interior of the sleeve-shaped body through the second body opening. The particularly smaller inner diameter of the second body opening compared to the first body opening has the advantage that the residence time of the carbon-containing material in the interior of the sleeve-shaped body can be advantageously increased.

In an advantageous embodiment, the sleeve-shaped body is completely formed as a hollow cylinder.

This achieves the technical advantage that a hollow cylinder shape ensures an easy-to-manufacture and practical design of the sleeve-shaped body.

In an advantageous embodiment, the sleeve-shaped body has a hollow-cylindrical section which is formed in sections in the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein in particular a distance between the body outer side and the body inner side of the hollow-cylindrical section is constant.

This achieves the technical advantage that a hollow cylindrical section of the sleeve-shaped body with a particularly constant distance between the outside and the inside of the body extends the oxidation zone within the carburetor interior in order to achieve better gas quality.

In an advantageous embodiment, the sleeve-shaped body has a tapering section which is formed in sections in the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body and which is connected to the hollow-cylindrical section of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein the tapering section tapers in particular in the direction of the hollow-cylindrical section.

This achieves the technical advantage that the shape of the tapered section increases the residence time of the carbon-containing material inside the sleeve-shaped body.

In particular, the tapered portion is formed in an upper region of the sleeve-shaped body and the hollow cylindrical portion adjoins the underside of the tapered portion, so that the carbonaceous material, when entering the sleeve-shaped body from the top, is first guided through the tapered portion and then through the hollow cylindrical portion.

In an advantageous embodiment, a distance between the body outer side and the body inner side of the tapering section increases in the direction of the hollow cylindrical section.

This achieves the technical advantage that the carbon-containing material can be advantageously fed from the tapered section to the hollow cylindrical section.

In an advantageous embodiment, the body outer side of the tapering section extends along a first direction, and the body inner side of the tapering section extends along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction define an angle which is preferably between 5° and 30°, more preferably between 10° and 25°, and most preferably between 15° and 20°.

This achieves the technical advantage that the flow rate of the carbonaceous material through the tapered section can be advantageously controlled by adjusting the angle.

In an advantageous alternative embodiment, the sleeve-shaped body has a tapering section which is formed in the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein the tapering section tapers in particular from an upper side of the sleeve-shaped body to an underside of the sleeve-shaped body.

This achieves the technical advantage that by omitting the hollow cylindrical section in the sleeve-shaped body, the residence time of the carbon-containing material in the interior of the sleeve-shaped body can be increased by the tapered section alone.

In particular, a distance between the body outer side and the body inner side of the tapered portion increases from the top of the sleeve-shaped body toward the bottom of the sleeve-shaped body.

In particular, the body outer side of the tapered portion extends along a first direction, and the body inner side of the tapered portion extends along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction define an angle which is preferably between 5° and 30°, more preferably between 10° and 25°, and most preferably between 15° and 20°.

In an advantageous embodiment, the body wall has a body wall height which extends from the top of the sleeve-shaped body to the bottom of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein the air guide cavity formed within the body wall extends substantially over the entire body wall height.

This achieves the technical advantage that the air guide cavity, which extends essentially over the entire height of the body wall, ensures a large air supply volume within the sleeve-shaped body. The term "essentially" makes it clear that the thickness of the body wall on the top and bottom may have to be deducted from the entire height of the body wall in order to characterize the height of the air guide cavity.

In an advantageous embodiment, the body wall has at least one body wall width which extends from the inside of the body to the outside of the body, wherein the air guide cavity formed within the body wall extends substantially over the entire body wall width.

This achieves the technical advantage that the air guide cavity, which extends essentially over the entire width of the body wall, ensures a large air supply volume within the sleeve-shaped body. The term "essentially" makes it clear that the thickness of the body wall on the inside and outside of the body may have to be deducted from the entire width of the body wall in order to characterize the width of the air guide cavity.

In an advantageous embodiment, the air guide cavity formed within the body wall completely surrounds the body wall, or the air guide cavity formed within the body wall is formed by a plurality of air guide partial cavities which are fluidically separated from one another, wherein in each case one of the plurality of air guide partial cavities is fluidically connected to an air supply nozzle of a plurality of air supply nozzles fastened to the outside of the body wall.

As a result, according to the first alternative of the advantageous embodiment, the technical advantage is achieved that the entire circumference of the sleeve-shaped body is used as the volume of the air guide cavity, whereby the air guided through the air guide cavity can be guided from all sides through the ventilation openings into the interior of the sleeve-shaped body.

As a result, according to the second alternative of the advantageous embodiment, the technical advantage is achieved that by using a plurality of air guide cavity sections that are fluidically separated from one another and to which air is each supplied through a separate air supply nozzle, an advantageous segmentation of the air guide cavity is achieved, so that, for example, if one air supply nozzle is blocked, air can still be supplied via the other air supply nozzles.

According to the second alternative of the advantageous embodiment, each of the plurality of air supply nozzles has in particular a nozzle interior which is fluidically connected to the respective air guide cavity, and wherein the air supply device is designed to guide air through the respective nozzle interior of the respective air supply nozzle into the respective air guide cavity of the body wall and from the respective air guide cavity through the ventilation openings of the body interior into the gasifier interior of the fixed bed gasifier in order to achieve effective oxidation of the carbon-containing materials accommodated in the fixed bed gasifier.

In an advantageous embodiment, in the outside of the sleeve-shaped body, in particular the hollow cylindrical section and/or the Tapering section of the sleeve-shaped body, at least one air supply opening is formed, which is fluidically connected to the nozzle interior of the at least one air supply nozzle.

This achieves the technical advantage that air guided through the interior of the air supply nozzle is advantageously guided through the air supply opening into the air guide cavity.

If the air supply device has a plurality of air supply nozzles, a plurality of air supply openings are also formed in the outside of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein a nozzle interior of one of the air supply nozzles is fluidically connected to a respective air supply opening on the outside of the body.

In an advantageous embodiment, the air supply nozzle is connected to the outside of the sleeve-shaped body, in particular the hollow cylindrical section and/or the tapered section of the sleeve-shaped body, in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or material-fitting manner.

This achieves the technical advantage that an effective fastening of the air supply nozzle to the outside of the body can be ensured. An example of a material connection between the air supply nozzle and the outside of the body includes, for example, a welded connection. An example of a force-fit connection between the air supply nozzle and the outside of the body includes, for example, a screw connection, in particular by screwing a thread of the air supply nozzle into a complementary thread on the outside of the body. An example of a form-fit connection between the air supply nozzle and the outside of the body includes, for example, a plug connection.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one recess is formed in the outside of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body, in particular the hollow cylindrical section and/or the tapered section of the sleeve-shaped body, into which a first nozzle end of the at least one air supply nozzle facing the outside of the body is introduced and on the outside of the body is attached, wherein a sealing element is arranged in particular between the first nozzle end and the outside of the body.

This achieves the technical advantage that the recess ensures effective reception of the first nozzle end of the at least one air supply nozzle. An airtight seal can be achieved by the sealing element.

In an advantageous embodiment, the air supply nozzle has a first nozzle section with a first outer diameter, wherein the first nozzle section is fastened to the outside of the sleeve-shaped body, in particular the hollow cylindrical section and/or the tapered section of the sleeve-shaped body, and wherein the air supply nozzle has a second nozzle section with a second outer diameter on a side facing away from the outside of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein the first outer diameter is in particular larger than the second outer diameter.

This achieves the technical advantage that the different outer diameters of the respective nozzle sections ensure an advantageous passage of the air supply nozzle through the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first nozzle section and the second nozzle section have the same inner diameter.

This provides the technical advantage that the air can be guided through the interior of the air supply nozzle with low flow resistance.

In an advantageous embodiment, the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body is formed in one piece.

This provides the technical advantage that a one-piece sleeve-shaped body is easy and therefore cost-effective to manufacture.

In an advantageous embodiment, the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body has a plurality of sleeve segments connected to one another, wherein each of the sleeve segments has an air guide cavity.

This achieves the technical advantage that the multi-part design of the sleeve-shaped body, in contrast to a one-piece design, has the advantage that the individual sleeve segments can be introduced separately into the carburetor interior of the fixed bed carburetor and fastened to the carburetor wall, which simplifies assembly, particularly when retrofitting a fixed bed carburetor with the air supply device.

In particular, the air guide cavities of the interconnected sleeve segments together form the air guide cavity of the sleeve-shaped body. In particular, the interconnected sleeve segments are connected to one another in an airtight manner to ensure that no air escapes between the air guide cavities.

In particular, a recess and/or separation gap is arranged between adjacent sleeve segments, wherein the recesses and/or separation gaps between adjacent sleeve segments are filled with a filling material, in particular bulkhead material, in particular concrete, in order to achieve an airtight seal between adjacent sleeve segments.

In an advantageous embodiment, the sleeve segments are connected to one another in a form-fitting, material-fitting and/or force-fitting manner, in particular in a form-fitting manner.

This provides the technical advantage of ensuring that the sleeve segments are effectively fastened to one another.

Alternatively, the air guide cavity of the sleeve-shaped body is formed by fluidically separated air guide cavities, wherein each of the fluidically separated air guide cavities is supplied with air by one air supply nozzle of a plurality of air supply nozzles.

In an advantageous embodiment, recesses are formed in the inner side and/or outer side of the body wall between the interconnected sleeve segments, and the sleeve-shaped body has a plurality of covers which are each arranged on the inner side and/or outer side of the body wall in alignment with the recesses in order to cover the recesses.

This achieves the technical advantage that the recesses ensure simplified insertion of the sleeve segments into the carburetor interior of the fixed bed carburetor and that the covers effectively cover the corresponding recesses to prevent the carbonaceous material from accumulating in the recesses.

In an advantageous embodiment, recesses and/or separating gaps are formed in the inner side and/or outer side of the body wall between the interconnected sleeve segments, wherein the recesses and/or separating gaps between adjacent sleeve segments are filled with a filling material in order to achieve an airtight seal between adjacent sleeve segments.

This achieves the technical advantage that the filling material advantageously fills the recesses or separation gaps and creates an airtight seal between adjacent sleeve segments. The filling material also creates a positive connection between adjacent sleeve segments, which prevents an unwanted flow of carbon-containing material through the recesses or separation gaps. In particular, the filling material comprises a bulkhead material, in particular concrete.

In an advantageous embodiment, the air supply device has a plurality of air supply nozzles, wherein in each case one air supply nozzle of the plurality of air supply nozzles is fastened to the outside of the body of a respective sleeve segment of the plurality of sleeve segments, wherein in each case one air supply nozzle of the plurality of air supply nozzles can be guided through a wall opening of a plurality of wall openings of the carburetor wall.

This achieves the technical advantage that each sleeve segment is assigned an air supply nozzle, so that an effective radial supply of air is achieved in each sleeve segment.

In an advantageous embodiment, all ventilation openings formed in the inside of the body have the same diameter, or in particular the ventilation openings formed in the cylindrical section have a larger diameter than the ventilation openings formed in the tapering section, or in particular the ventilation openings formed in the tapering section have a larger diameter than the ventilation openings formed in the cylindrical section.

This achieves the technical advantage that the supply of air through the ventilation openings into the carburetor interior can be effectively controlled by selecting the diameters of the ventilation openings.

In an advantageous embodiment, no ventilation openings are formed in the outside of the body wall.

This provides the technical advantage that the air supply is exclusively directed towards the carburetor interior.

In an advantageous embodiment, the body wall has a body underside which is formed in the underside of the sleeve-shaped body and which connects the body outside and the body inside, wherein in particular no ventilation openings are formed in the body underside.

This provides the technical advantage of preventing air from escaping into an area outside the oxidation zone of the carburetor interior.

In an advantageous embodiment, the ventilation openings are each spaced identically from one another.

This achieves the technical advantage of ensuring a particularly uniform, i.e. homogeneous, supply of air via the inside of the sleeve-shaped body.

In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of elevations, in particular a lamellar structure, are formed on an inner wall of the body inner side facing the air guide cavity in order to ensure effective heat dissipation from the body inner side.

This achieves the technical advantage that the elevations, in particular the lamellar structure, effectively dissipate the heat generated during the oxidation of the carbon-containing materials in the carburetor interior in order to keep the temperatures constant, thus ensuring a longer service life of the component.

In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of body inner side openings are formed in the body inner side of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein one of the body inner side openings is closed by a removable insert of the air supply device, wherein the plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the removable inserts, wherein in particular in the body inner side of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body, one body inner side opening is formed by a sleeve segment of the interconnected sleeve segments, wherein one of the body inner side openings is closed by a removable insert, and wherein the plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the removable inserts.

This achieves the technical advantage that the removable inserts of the air supply device allow the corresponding inserts to be easily replaced if the ventilation openings become blocked, or that by removing the removable inserts through the openings in the inside of the body thus exposed, advantageous access to the air guide cavity or to the air guide partial cavities for cleaning can be made possible.

In particular, in the case of a one-piece sleeve-shaped body, a plurality of body inner side openings are formed in the body inner side of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body, wherein one of the body inner side openings is closed by a respective removable insert of the air supply device, wherein the plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the removable inserts.

In particular, in the case of a multi-piece sleeve-shaped body, i.e. a sleeve-shaped body which is formed by a plurality of sleeve segments connected to one another, a body inner side opening is formed in the body inner side of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body by a respective sleeve segment of the interconnected sleeve segments, wherein one of the body inner side openings is closed by a respective removable insert, and wherein the plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the removable inserts.

In particular, the respective removable insert is designed as a plate.

In particular, the respective removable insert, in particular plate, has a conical shape, wherein in particular a first width of the respective insert on an upper side of the respective insert is greater than a second width of the respective insert on an underside of the respective insert. In this case, in particular the upper side of the respective insert and the underside of the respective insert relate in particular to the installation position of the respective insert in the air supply device.

Alternatively and in particular, the respective removable insert, in particular plate, has a rectangular shape, wherein in particular a first width of the respective insert on an upper side of the respective insert and a second width of the respective insert on an underside of the respective insert are identical. In this case, in particular the upper side of the respective insert and the underside of the respective insert relate in particular to the installation position of the respective insert in the air supply device.

In an advantageous embodiment, the inner side of the body wall of the sleeve-shaped body, in particular of the respective sleeve segment, has an insert receptacle in which the respective removable insert can be received in order to close the air guide cavity, in particular the air guide part cavity, wherein the respective insert receptacle in particular comprises a guide element into which the respective removable insert can be inserted and from which the respective removable insert can be guided out.

This achieves the technical advantage that the respective insert holder ensures that the respective removable insert is held in a captive manner. The guide element, which is designed in particular as a guide groove, allows the respective removable insert to be effectively introduced or pushed into the insert holder, and the respective removable insert can be effectively guided or pulled out of the insert holder.

In particular, the guide groove is limited on the inside by the inside of the body wall and on the outside by a groove wall spaced from the inside of the body.

In an advantageous embodiment, the body inner side openings are each delimited by a circumferential body inner side edge of the respective body inner side, wherein in particular a circumferential sealing element is arranged on the respective circumferential body inner side edge, against which the respective removable insert rests in order to achieve an effective fluid-tight seal.

This achieves the technical advantage that the respective circumferential sealing element ensures that no air can escape between the respective insert and the respective opening on the inside of the body when an insert is inserted.

In an advantageous embodiment, the respective removable insert has a thickening region which is designed to clamp the respective removable insert to the respective inner side of the body, in particular in the respective insert receptacle.

This provides the technical advantage that the thickened area ensures effective fixation of the respective insert.

In an advantageous embodiment, the respective removable insert has a stop which is formed on an upper side of the respective removable insert, wherein the stop is designed to rest against an upper side of the sleeve-shaped body in order to advantageously position the respective removable insert on the sleeve-shaped body.

This achieves the technical advantage that the stop on the upper side of the sleeve-shaped body covers an upper gap between the respective insert and the sleeve-shaped body, so that a disadvantageous air flow upwards is prevented.

In an advantageous embodiment, the ventilation openings are designed as at least partially conical ventilation openings, wherein in particular a diameter of the at least partially conical ventilation openings on a side of the inside of the body, in particular of the insert, facing the air guide cavity, in particular the air guide part cavity, is smaller than a diameter of the conical ventilation openings on a side of the inside of the body, in particular of the insert, facing away from the air guide cavity, in particular the air guide part cavity.

This provides the technical advantage that the conical design of the ventilation openings provides advantageous air flow.

According to a second aspect, the object is achieved by a fixed bed gasifier, in particular a direct current fixed bed gasifier, for generating a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials with an air supply device according to the first aspect, wherein the fixed bed gasifier has a gasifier wall with an inner wall side facing the gasifier interior, wherein the body outer side of the sleeve-shaped body of the air supply device rests against the wall inner side, wherein the body inner side of the sleeve-shaped body of the air supply device faces the gasifier interior of the fixed bed gasifier, and wherein the gasifier wall has at least one wall opening through which the at least one air supply nozzle of the air supply device is guided.

This achieves the technical advantage that the fixed bed gasifier with the air supply device ensures a particularly advantageous supply of air into the carburetor interior.

In particular, the fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention is a direct current fixed bed gasifier, which is characterized in that the feed direction of the solid carbonaceous materials coincides with the flow direction of the supplied combustion air and the generated combustible gas.

Alternatively, the fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention is a double-fire gasifier, which is characterized in that a further burner is connected downstream of the direct current gasifier.

Alternatively, the fixed bed gasifier according to the present invention is a multi-stage gasifier, which is characterized in that the pyrolysis zone and the gasification zone are spatially separated.

In an advantageous embodiment, the carburetor wall has an outer wall side facing away from the inner wall side, wherein the at least one wall opening extends through the carburetor wall from the inner wall side to the outer wall side.

This provides the technical advantage of ensuring that the air supply nozzle is effectively guided through the carburetor wall.

In an advantageous embodiment, a wall cavity of the carburetor wall is formed between the wall outer side and the wall inner side, wherein in particular the wall cavity is filled with bulkhead material.

This achieves the technical advantage that the wall cavity, which is filled with bulkhead material, in particular concrete, ensures effective insulation of the carburetor interior.

In an advantageous embodiment, the fixed bed gasifier has an air distribution line which runs around an outer wall of the gasifier wall at least in sections, in particular completely, wherein the air distribution line is fluidically connected to a section of the at least one air supply nozzle arranged outside the outer wall.

This achieves the technical advantage that the air distribution line running around the carburetor wall ensures a particularly homogeneous radial air supply through the air supply nozzle into the carburetor interior.

In an advantageous embodiment, the gasifier wall is shaped as a hollow cylinder which is closed at least in sections on the top and/or bottom of the fixed bed gasifier.

This provides the technical advantage of ensuring effective separation of the carburetor interior from the outside of the fixed bed carburetor.

In an advantageous embodiment, the fixed bed gasifier has a supply opening in the upper side of the gasifier wall for supplying the carbon-containing materials into the gasifier interior, and/or the fixed bed gasifier has a discharge opening in a lower region of the gasifier wall for discharging combustible gas generated in the fixed bed gasifier from the gasifier interior.

This achieves the technical advantage of ensuring an effective supply of the carbon-containing materials or an effective removal of the combustible gas.

In an advantageous embodiment, the carburetor interior has an oxidation region in which the carbon-containing materials introduced into the fixed bed gasifier are oxidized, and wherein the air supply device is arranged in the oxidation region of the carburetor interior.

This provides the technical advantage that the oxidation reaction can be improved by the supply of air.

In an advantageous embodiment, the fixed bed gasifier has a further air supply sleeve which is fastened to an upper side of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier and is guided through a further wall opening of the upper side of the gasifier wall, wherein the further air supply sleeve has an air supply sleeve end which is arranged in the gasifier interior of the fixed bed gasifier between the inner side of the body wall of the air supply device which surrounds the air supply sleeve end, and wherein the further air supply sleeve is designed to guide air into the gasifier interior of the fixed bed gasifier in order to achieve effective oxidation of the carbon-containing materials accommodated in the fixed bed gasifier.

This achieves the technical advantage that the additional air supply sleeve used in addition to the ventilation openings further improves the supply of air into the carburetor interior.

In an advantageous embodiment, the further air supply sleeve has an air supply sleeve section which is fastened to the upper side of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier and which is connected to the air supply sleeve end on a side facing away from the upper side of the gasifier wall of the fixed bed gasifier, wherein the air supply sleeve end tapers in particular from the air supply sleeve section.

This provides the technical advantage that the air supply can be optimized by the additional air supply sleeve.

In an advantageous embodiment, the further air supply sleeve, in particular the air supply sleeve section and the air supply sleeve end, has a plurality of sleeve ventilation openings for supplying air into the gasifier interior of the fixed bed gasifier.

This achieves the technical advantage of ensuring a uniform supply of air over the entire surface of the additional air supply sleeve.

The embodiments mentioned for the subject matter of the first aspect are also embodiments for the subject matter of the second aspect. The embodiments mentioned for the subject matter of the second aspect are also embodiments for the subject matter of the first aspect.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines herkömmlichen Festbettvergasers im Querschnitt;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Schrägansicht einer Luftzuführungsvorrichtung für einen Festbettvergaser gemäß einer Ausführungsform;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Seitenansicht der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Luftzuführungsvorrichtung im Querschnitt;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Schrägansicht einer Luftzuführungsvorrichtung für einen Festbettvergaser gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Seitenansicht der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Luftzuführungsvorrichtung mit einer Luftverteilerleitung;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Aufsicht der in Fig. 5 gezeigten Luftzuführungsvorrichtung mit einer Luftverteilerleitung und einer Vergaserwandung eines Festbettvergasers;

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Schrägansicht einer Luftzuführungsvorrichtung für einen Festbettvergaser gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Schrägansicht der in Fig. 7 gezeigten Luftzuführungsvorrichtung für einen Festbettvergaser mit Abdeckungen;

Fig. 9

eine an einer Innenwandung einer Körperwandung einer Luftzuführungsvorrichtung angeordnete Lamellenstruktur gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;

Fig. 10

eine weitere Luftzuführungshülse für einen Festbettvergaser gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;

Figs. 11A, 11B

perspektivische Schrägansichten einer Luftzuführungsvorrichtung für einen Festbettvergaser gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;

Fig. 12

eine perspektivische Schrägansicht eines einzelnen Hülsensegments der in den Figuren 11A und 11B dargestellten Luftzuführungsvorrichtung für einen Festbettvergaser;

Figs. 13A, 13B

jeweils eine perspektivische Schrägansicht des in Figur 12 dargestellten einzelnen Hülsensegments in unterschiedlichen Entnahmepositionen des entnehmbaren Einsatzes;

Fig. 14

eine Detailansicht eines Ausschnitts des in den Figuren 12 und 13 dargestellten Hülsensegments ohne entnehmbaren Einsatz;

Fig. 15

den entnehmbaren Einsatz des in den Figuren 12, 13A, und 13B dargestellten Hülsensegments;

Fig. 16

einen Ausschnitt des in den Figuren 12, 13A, und 13B dargestellten Hülsensegments mit dem aufgenommenen Einsatz; und

Fig. 17

eine perspektivische Schrägansicht eines Hülsensegments einer Luftzuführungsvorrichtung für einen Festbettvergaser gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform.

The invention is described in more detail below using exemplary embodiments and the figures. The figures show:

Fig.1

a schematic side view of a conventional fixed bed gasifier in cross section;

Fig.2

a perspective oblique view of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to an embodiment;

Fig.3

a perspective side view of the Fig.2 shown air supply device in cross section;

Fig.4

a perspective oblique view of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment;

Fig.5

a perspective side view of the Fig.4 shown air supply device with an air distribution line;

Fig.6

a perspective supervision of the Fig.5 shown air supply device with an air distribution line and a gasifier wall of a fixed bed gasifier;

Fig.7

a perspective oblique view of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment;

Fig.8

a perspective oblique view of the Fig.7 shown air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier with covers;

Fig.9

a lamella structure arranged on an inner wall of a body wall of an air supply device according to a further embodiment;

Fig.10

another air supply sleeve for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment;

Figs. 11A, 11B

perspective oblique views of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment;

Fig. 12

a perspective oblique view of a single sleeve segment of the Figures 11A and 11B shown air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier;

Figs. 13A, 13B

each a perspective oblique view of the Figure 12 shown individual sleeve segments in different removal positions of the removable insert;

Fig. 14

a detailed view of a section of the Figures 12 and 13 shown sleeve segment without removable insert;

Fig. 15

the removable insert of the Figures 12 , 13A, and 13B shown sleeve segment;

Fig. 16

an excerpt from the Figures 12 , 13A, and 13B shown sleeve segment with the inserted insert; and

Fig. 17

a perspective oblique view of a sleeve segment of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to a further embodiment.

In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein may be combined with one another unless specifically stated otherwise.

The aspects and embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the figures, wherein like reference numerals generally refer to like elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a conventional fixed bed gasifier in cross section.

A in Figure 1 The fixed bed gasifier 200 shown serves to generate a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials, such as biomass. The combustible gas generated by the fixed bed gasifier 200 can be fed, for example, to a gas turbine for generating electrical power or to a combined heat and power plant for generating heat and electrical power.

The Figure 1 The fixed bed gasifier 200 shown is in particular a direct current fixed bed gasifier, which is characterized in that the feed direction of the solid carbonaceous materials coincides with the flow direction of the supplied combustion air and the generated combustible gas.

Alternatively, however, the fixed bed gasifier 200 according to the present invention can also be a double-fire gasifier, which is characterized in that a further burner is connected downstream of the direct current gasifier, or a multi-stage gasifier, which is characterized in that the pyrolysis zone and the gasification zone are spatially separated.

The Figure 1 The fixed bed gasifier 200 shown has a gasifier wall 201 with a wall inner side 203 which delimits a gasifier interior 205 of the fixed bed gasifier 200.

The gasifier wall 201 of the fixed bed gasifier 200 is shaped as a hollow cylinder, wherein the gasifier wall 201 is closed at least in sections on the upper side 207 and on the lower side 209.

The fixed bed gasifier 200 has a feed opening 211 in the upper side 207 of the gasifier wall 201 for feeding carbon-containing materials, in particular biomass, into the gasifier interior 205.

Here, the carbonaceous materials are first introduced through the feed opening 211 into the heating zone 213 of an upper region of the carburetor interior 205, in which the carbonaceous materials are heated and dried.

Subsequently, the dried carbonaceous materials are transferred from the heating zone 213 to the pyrolytic decomposition zone 214, in which the dried carbonaceous materials are converted into coke, producing volatile gases.

The coke and the volatile gases then enter the oxidation zone 215, in which, with the supply of oxygen through the air nozzles 217 and at very high temperatures of sometimes more than 1000 °C, the long-chain organic compounds of the volatile gases produced during pyrolysis are thermally broken down, and carbon dioxide and water, for example, are produced.

In the reduction zone 218 following the oxidation zone 215, the compounds produced in the oxidation zone 215 react with the coke to form the desired combustible gas, which may include, for example, methane, hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide.

The combustible gas is discharged from the carburetor interior 205 through a discharge opening 219 in a lower region of the carburetor wall 201.

The non-decomposable components of the carbonaceous material in the carburetor interior 205, such as ash, are collected on the underside 209 of the carburetor wall 201 in the residue area 221.

By means of a corresponding fixed bed gasifier 200, a combustible gas can be produced which can be used for various types of gas applications without the need for overly complex gas purification techniques, thus avoiding the generation of environmentally harmful and potentially costly waste to dispose of.

A disadvantage of corresponding conventional fixed bed gasifiers 200 can be that the high heat content of the combustible gas emerging from the reduction zone 218 with a temperature of 600 to 800 °C can only be partially used for gas production with the help of heat exchangers, which can reduce the conversion efficiency and thus the efficiency of the overall process due to the resulting heat losses. In addition, conventional fixed bed gasifiers 200 often have relatively high requirements for the size of the pieces, for example dimensions of 3 cm x 3 cm x 5 cm, and for the water content, for example less than 20%, of the carbon-containing material.

These high requirements on the fuel properties are due to the required uniform temperature distribution in the packed bed, which is required within the individual zones forming in the carburetor interior 205 in order to achieve good gas quality.

In addition, in a conventional fixed bed gasifier 200, it is often not certain that a coke layer of the carbonaceous material that is easily permeable to gases will form under all operating conditions so that this gasification principle can be operated reliably. Fine-grained material components therefore generally cannot be used in a conventional fixed bed gasifier 200, as they can fall through the gasifier interior 205 and lead to a blockage of the fuel bed.

Another disadvantage of a conventional fixed bed gasifier 200 is the comparatively high risk of slag formation due to the high temperatures in the oxidation zone 215. This risk of slagging is particularly high when gasifying biomass types with high alkali contents and the associated low ash softening temperatures. Conventional fixed bed gasifiers 200 therefore place high demands on the temperature resistance of the materials used. In addition, often only carbonaceous materials with a relatively low water content can be used, since the water vapor formed in the drying zone impairs the heat balance of the subsequent gasification. Another disadvantage of conventional fixed bed gasifiers 200 is the comparatively high carbon content in the ash, since for thermodynamic reasons not all of the carbon in the reduction zone can be transferred to the gas phase.

Figure 2 shows a perspective oblique view of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to an embodiment.

As with regard to the Figure 1 discussed disadvantages, the present invention has the object of providing a device for ensuring a homogeneous air supply into the oxidation zone 215 of the fixed bed gasifier 200, so that operation of the fixed bed gasifier 200 is also possible with inferior carbon-containing materials, whereby the use of this technology becomes interesting for a variety of application scenarios.

The Figure 2 The air supply device 100 shown is designed for use in, for example, Figure 1 shown fixed bed gasifier 200 for producing a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials, in particular in the oxidation zone 215 of the fixed bed gasifier 200.

The air supply device 100 has a sleeve-shaped body 101 which is arranged in a carburetor interior 205 of the Figure 2 fixed bed gasifier 200 (not shown).

The sleeve-shaped body 101 has a body wall 103. The body wall 103 has a body outer side 105, which is connected to a surface facing the carburetor interior 205 and in Figure 2 not shown inner wall 203 of a gasifier wall 201 of the fixed bed gasifier 200.

The body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 is formed in one piece.

The body wall 103 has a body inner side 107, which corresponds to the Figure 2 not shown carburetor interior 205 of the fixed bed carburetor 200.

The body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 has an upper side 117 and a lower side 121.

Even if this is not the case in the presentation according to the Figure 2 is not visible, the sleeve-shaped body 101 has an air guide cavity 109 which is formed within the body wall 103 and is delimited by the body outer side 105 and the body inner side 107.

A plurality of ventilation openings 111 are formed in the inner body side 107 of the body wall 103, which extend through the inner body side 107 to the air guide cavity 109 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 in order to fluidically connect the air guide cavity 109 to the carburetor interior 205.

In addition, the air supply device 100 has at least one air supply nozzle 113, which is arranged on the outside 105 of the body wall 103 and is secured by a Figure 2 not shown wall opening 227 of the carburetor wall 201. The air supply nozzle 113 has a Figure 2 non-visible nozzle interior 115, which is fluidically connected to the air guide cavity 109.

Thus, the air supply device 100 is designed to guide air through the nozzle interior 115 of the air supply nozzle 113 into the air guide cavity 109 of the body wall 103 and from the air guide cavity 109 through the ventilation openings 111 of the body inner side 107 into the gasifier interior 205 of the fixed bed gasifier 200 in order to achieve an effective oxidation of the carbon-containing materials accommodated in the fixed bed gasifier 200.

As in the Figure 2 Further shown, a first body opening 119 delimited by the body inner side 107 is formed in the upper side 117 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, and a second body opening 122 delimited by the body inner side 107 is formed in the lower side 121 of the sleeve-shaped body 101.

Here, a second inner diameter 123 of the second body opening 121 is smaller than a first inner diameter 125 of the first body opening 119.

For further details, please refer to the Figure 3 referred to.

Figure 3 shows a perspective side view of the Figure 2 shown air supply device in cross section.

As already mentioned in relation to the Figure 2 described, the in Figure 3 The sleeve-shaped body 101 shown has an air guide cavity 109 which is formed within the body wall 103 and is delimited by the body outer side 105 and the body inner side 107.

The sleeve-shaped body 101 has a hollow cylindrical portion 127 which is formed in sections in the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, wherein in particular a distance 129 between the body outer side 105 and the body inner side 107 of the hollow cylindrical portion 127 is constant.

The sleeve-shaped body 101 has a tapering section 131 which is formed in sections in the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 and which is connected to the hollow cylindrical section 127 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, wherein the tapering section 131 tapers in particular in the direction of the hollow cylindrical section 127.

A distance 133 between the body outer side 105 and the body inner side 107 of the tapering section 131 increases in the direction of the hollow cylindrical section 127.

The body outer side 105 of the tapered section 131 extends along a first direction 135, and the body inner side 107 of the tapered section 131 extends along a second direction 137, and the first direction 135 and the second direction 137 define an angle 139 which is preferably between 5° and 30°, more preferably between 10° and 25°, and most preferably between 15° and 20°.

The body wall 103 has a body wall height 141 which extends from the top side 117 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 to the bottom side 121 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, wherein the air guide cavity 109 formed within the body wall 103 extends substantially over the entire body wall height 141.

The body wall 103 has at least one body wall width 143 which extends from the body inner side 107 to the body outer side 105, wherein the air guide cavity 109 formed within the body wall 103 extends substantially over the entire body wall width 143.

Even if this is in the Figure 3 not shown, the air guide cavity 109 formed within the body wall 103 completely surrounds the body wall 103 on the inside.

In the body outer side 105 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, in particular the hollow cylindrical portion 127 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, an air supply opening 145 is formed, which is fluidically connected to the nozzle interior 115 of the at least one air supply nozzle 113.

In the body outer side 105 of the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, in particular the hollow cylindrical section 127 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, at least one recess 147 is formed, in which a first nozzle end 149 of the air supply nozzle 113 facing the body outer side 105 is inserted and fastened to the body outer side 105. In particular, between the first nozzle end 149 and the body outer side 105, a Figure 3 A sealing element (not shown) is arranged.

The air supply nozzle 113 has a first nozzle section 151 with a first outer diameter 153, wherein the first nozzle section 151 is attached to the outside 105 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, in particular the hollow cylindrical section 127 of the sleeve-shaped body 101. The air supply nozzle 113 has a second nozzle section 155 with a second outer diameter 157 on a side facing away from the outside 105 of the sleeve-shaped body 101, wherein the first outer diameter 153 is in particular larger than the second outer diameter 157.

As in the Figure 3 As further shown, the first nozzle section 151 and the second nozzle section 155 have the same inner diameter.

All ventilation openings 111 formed in the inner side 107 of the body have in particular the same diameter and in particular have identical distances from one another.

In particular, no ventilation openings 111 are formed in the body outer side 105 of the body wall 103. In particular, no ventilation openings 111 are formed in the body underside 158, which is formed in the underside 121 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 and which connects the body outer side 105 and the body inner side 107.

Figure 4 shows a perspective oblique view of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment.

The Figure 4 The air supply device 100 shown differs from that shown in Figure 2 and 3 shown air supply device 100 in that the Body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 has a plurality of interconnected sleeve segments 159, each of the sleeve segments 159 having a Figure 4 air guide cavity 161, not shown.

The sleeve segments 159 can be connected to one another in a form-fitting, material-fitting and/or force-fitting manner.

The air supply device 100 has a plurality of air supply nozzles 113, wherein one air supply nozzle 113 of the plurality of air supply nozzles 113 is fastened to the body outer side 105 of one sleeve segment 159 of the plurality of sleeve segments 159, wherein one air supply nozzle 113 of the plurality of air supply nozzles 113 is each connected to a wall opening 227 of a plurality of Figure 4 not shown wall openings 227 of the carburetor wall 201.

In this case, the air guide partial cavities 161 can be fluidically separated from one another, so that air can be supplied separately to each air guide partial cavity 161 through the respectively assigned air supply nozzle 113 of the plurality of air supply nozzles 113.

Alternatively, the air guide cavities 161 of the interconnected sleeve segments 159 could be fluidically connected to one another and together form the air guide cavity 109 of the sleeve-shaped body 101.

During assembly, the sleeve segments 159 can be inserted and mounted individually one after the other into the carburetor interior 205.

Figure 5 shows a perspective side view of the Figure 4 shown air supply device with an air distribution line.

From the Figure 5 It can be seen that the fixed bed gasifier 200 has an air distribution line 223 which has a Figure 5 not shown, completely and in particular in a ring shape encircles the outside wall 225 of the gasifier wall 201 of the fixed bed gasifier 200. The air distribution line 223 is fluidically connected to the sections of the at least one air supply nozzle 113 arranged outside the outside wall 225.

By means of the air distribution line 223, a uniform supply of air can be achieved through all air supply nozzles 113 from different sides into the carburetor interior 205.

Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the Figure 5 shown air supply device with an air distribution line 223 and a gasifier wall 201 of a fixed bed gasifier 200.

In contrast to the Figure 5 are in the Figure 6 the air supply nozzle 113 is not shown. Instead, the Figure 6 that the carburetor wall 201 has an outer wall side 225 facing away from the inner wall side 203. In this case, a plurality of wall openings 227 extend through the carburetor wall 201 from the inner wall side 203 to the outer wall side 225, through which the Figure 6 air supply nozzle 113 (not shown).

Furthermore, a wall cavity 229 of the carburetor wall 201 is formed between the wall outer side 225 and the wall inner side 203, wherein in particular the wall cavity 229 is filled with bulkhead material, in particular concrete.

Figure 7 shows a perspective oblique view of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment.

Just like the Figures 4 , 5 and 6 The embodiment shown also consists of the Figure 7 illustrated embodiment of a plurality of sleeve segments 159.

However, recesses 163 are formed in the inner body side 107 and the outer body side 105 of the body wall 103 between the interconnected sleeve segments 159.

Figure 8 shows a perspective oblique view of the Figure 7 shown air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier with covers.

The sleeve-shaped body 101 has a plurality of covers 165, which are each attached to the body inner side 107 and the body outer side 105 of the body wall 103 are arranged in alignment with the recesses 163 in order to cover the recesses 163.

Figure 9 shows a lamella structure arranged on an inner wall of a body wall of an air supply device according to a further embodiment.

A plurality of elevations 167, in particular a lamellar structure, are formed on an inner wall 107-1 of the body inner side 107 facing the air guide cavity 109 in order to ensure effective heat dissipation from the body inner side 107.

Figure 10 shows another air supply sleeve for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment.

The Figure 10 The further air supply sleeve 169 shown is attached to an upper side 207 of the Figure 10 not shown carburetor wall 201 of the fixed bed carburetor 200 and is guided through a further wall opening in the upper side 207 of the carburetor wall 201.

The further air supply sleeve 169 has an air supply sleeve end 171 which is arranged in the carburetor interior 205 of the fixed bed carburetor 200 between the inner body side 107 of the body wall 103 of the air supply device 100 which surrounds the air supply sleeve end 171.

The further air supply sleeve 169 is designed to supply air into the carburetor interior 205 of the fixed bed gasifier 200 in order to achieve an effective oxidation of the carbon-containing materials accommodated in the fixed bed gasifier 200.

The further air supply sleeve 169 has an air supply sleeve section 173 which is fastened to the upper side 207 of the gasifier wall 201 of the fixed bed gasifier 200 and which is connected to the air supply sleeve end 171 on a side facing away from the upper side 207 of the gasifier wall 201 of the fixed bed gasifier 200, wherein the air supply sleeve end 171 tapers in particular from the air supply sleeve section 173.

In the case of a hollow-cylindrical sleeve-shaped body 101, the air supply sleeve end 171 can expand in particular from the air supply sleeve section 173.

The further air supply sleeve 169, in particular the air supply sleeve section 173 and the air supply sleeve end 171, has a plurality of sleeve ventilation openings 175 for supplying air into the carburetor interior 205 of the fixed bed carburetor 200.

Figures 11A and 11B show perspective oblique views of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment.

According to the Figures 11A and 11B In the embodiment shown, the sleeve-shaped body 101 of the air supply device 100 has in particular no hollow cylindrical section 127, but consists only of a single tapered section 131, which extends from the upper side 117 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 to the Figures 11A and 11B not shown underside 121 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 is particularly tapered. Alternatively, an embodiment with a hollow cylindrical section 127 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 is of course also included.

Just like the Figure 4 The embodiment shown also has the features described in the Figures 11A and 11B The further embodiment shown does not have a one-piece air supply device 100, but has the air supply device 100 shown in the Figures 11A and 11B The further embodiment shown has an air supply device 100 whose body wall 103 consists of individual sleeve segments 159, each of which has an air guide cavity 161 and an air supply nozzle 113, so that the supplied air can be supplied through each of the individual sleeve segments 159, in particular separately, into the interior of the air supply device 100, since the air guide cavity 161 is in particular not fluidically connected to one another.

Even if the individual sleeve segments 159 in the illustration according to the Figure 11A shown spaced apart from each other, the individual sleeve segments 159 are of course connected to each other in the final installation situation, in particular in a form-fitting manner connected to each other, so that the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 of the air supply device 100 formed by the individual sleeve segments 159 has a body inner side 107 which is circumferentially closed, as shown in the illustration of the Figure 11B is shown.

In the presentation of the Figure 11B In particular, existing separating gaps 162 between adjacent sleeve segments 159 are shown. In particular, the separating gaps 162 are hermetically sealed in the final installation situation by bulkhead material, in particular concrete, in order to achieve an airtight seal between the adjacent sleeve segments 159.

A key difference between the Figures 11A and 11B shown further embodiment and the one in the Figure 4 illustrated embodiment is that in the further embodiment of the Figures 11A and 11B the individual sleeve segments 159 are not formed in one piece, but in multiple pieces, in particular in two pieces.

Here, each of the individual sleeve segments 159 has a removable insert 177 on the inner side 107 of the body, in which the ventilation openings 111 are formed. The respective removable insert 177 can be removed from the respective sleeve segment 159 in order to gain access to the respective air guide cavity 161 of the respective sleeve segment 159, for example during a cleaning process, in order to clean it, or to clean the ventilation openings 111 if they are blocked.

For further details regarding the removable insert 177, please refer to the following explanations on the Figures 12 to 17 referred to.

Figure 12 shows a perspective oblique view of a single sleeve segment of the Figures 11A and 11B shown air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier.

As already mentioned in relation to the Figures 11A and 11B described, the Figure 12 The sleeve segment 159 shown together with other sleeve segments Figure 12 not shown sleeve segments 159 the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 of the air supply device 100, wherein the body wall 103 has a body inner side 107 and a body outer side 105.

As already explained, the respective sleeve segment 159 is not made in one piece, but in several pieces, in particular in two pieces, and has a removable insert 177 on the inside of the body 107, in which the ventilation openings 111 are formed. The sleeve segment 159 has a Figure 12 non-visible insert holder 178 in which the removable insert 177 is accommodated.

As from the Figure 12 can be seen, the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 has on the body inner side 107 a guide element 179, in particular a guide groove, into which the removable insert 177 can be inserted or removed again.

The Figures 13A and 13B each show a perspective oblique view of the Figure 12 shown individual sleeve segments in different removal positions of the removable insert.

From the Figures 13A and 13B It can be seen that the body inner side 107 of the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 of the air supply device 100 has a body inner side opening 181 which is delimited by a circumferential body inner side opening edge 183, wherein the body inner side opening 181 is closed by the removable insert 177.

In the Figures 13A and 13B it can be seen that the removable insert 177 is accommodated in an insert receptacle 178 of the inner body side 107 of the sleeve segment 159. The insert receptacle 178 in particular partially encircles the inner body side 107 of the sleeve segment 159 and is formed in particular by the guide element 179, in particular the guide groove. In this case, the removable insert 177 in particular has a conical shape, and the insert receptacle 178 has a shape that is complementary to the removable insert 177, in particular a conical shape. In the case of a hollow cylindrical sleeve-shaped body 101 with a vertical inner body side 107, the removable insert 177 can of course also have a rectangular shape.

As in the Figure 13A As can be seen, the removable insert 177 accommodated in the guide element 179, in particular the guide groove, is only partially taken from the sleeve segment 159. As in the Figure 13B As can be seen, the removable insert 177 received in the guide element 179, in particular the guide groove, is completely removed from the sleeve segment 159, so that the air guide cavity 161 closed by the removable insert 177 during operation is visible.

As can be seen from the Figures 13A and 13B As can also be seen, a circumferential optional sealing element 185 is arranged on the inside of the guide element 179, in particular the guide groove, which ensures an effective airtight seal between the removable insert 177 and the body wall 103 when the removable insert 177 is inserted.

Figure 14 shows a detailed view of a section of the Figures 12 , 13A and 13B shown sleeve segment without removable insert.

In the Figure 14 the body inner side opening 181 of the body inner side 107 of the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 of the air supply device 100, which is delimited by the circumferential body inner side opening edge 183, can be seen, through which access to the air guide part cavity 161 of the sleeve segment 159 can be obtained when the insert 177 is removed.

Also in the Figure 14 the guide element 179, in particular the guide groove, into which the Figure 14 insert 177 (not shown) can be inserted in order to then receive the insert 177 in the corresponding insert receptacle 178 of the body inner side 107. The guide element 179, in particular the guide groove, is limited on the inside by the body inner side 107 of the body wall 103 and on the outside by a groove wall 187 spaced apart from the body inner side 107.

A circumferential optional sealing element 185 is arranged on the inside body opening edge 183, which ensures an effective airtight seal when the insert 177 is inserted.

Figure 15 shows the removable insert of the Figures 12 , 13A, and 13B shown sleeve segment.

The removable insert 177 is designed as a plate and has in particular a conical shape, which means that a first width 189 of the insert 177 on an upper side 177-1 of the insert 177 is greater than a second width 191 of the insert 177 on an underside 177-2 of the insert 177, based on the Figure 12 , Figure 13A and Figure 13B illustrated installation position of the insert 177 in the air supply device 100.

In the case of a hollow cylindrical sleeve-shaped body 101 with a vertical body inner side 107, the removable insert 177 can of course also have a rectangular shape. In this case, in the case of a removable insert 177 with a rectangular shape, the first width 189 of the insert 177 on the upper side 177-1 of the insert 177 and the second width 191 of the insert 177 on the lower side 177-2 of the insert 177 are identical.

From the Figure 15 it can also be seen that the removable insert 177 has an optional thickening region 193, which is formed in particular on the upper side 177-1 of the insert 177, and which is designed to clamp the removable insert 177 in the guide element 179, in particular the guide groove, on the inner side 107 of the body wall 103 of the sleeve segment 159, whereby reference is made to the detailed illustration of the following Figure 16 is referred to.

Even if this only happens in the following Figure 17 As described, the removable insert 177 can also have a stop 195 instead of the optional thickening region 193, which rests on the upper side 117 of the sleeve-shaped body 101.

In the Figure 15 It can also be seen that the ventilation openings 111 are designed in particular as at least partially conical ventilation openings 111, which means that a diameter of the ventilation openings 111 on a side of the insert 177 facing the air guide cavity 161 is smaller than a diameter of the ventilation openings 111 on a side of the insert 177 facing away from the air guide cavity 161.

Figure 16 shows a section of the Figures 12 , 13A, and 13B shown sleeve segment with the inserted insert.

In the Figure 16 it can be seen that the removable insert 177 has the optional thickening area 193 on the upper side 177-1 of the insert 177, which is designed to clamp the removable insert 177 in the guide element 179, in particular the guide groove, on the inner side 107 of the body wall 103 of the sleeve segment 159. For the alternatively designed stop 195, reference is made to the following Figure 17 referred to.

Figure 17 shows a perspective oblique view of a sleeve segment of an air supply device for a fixed bed gasifier according to another embodiment.

In accordance with the Figure 17 In the embodiment shown, the nozzle interior 115 of the air supply nozzle 113 and the air guide part cavity 161 of the sleeve segment 159 can be clearly seen due to the selected sectional view through the sleeve segment 159. The air guide part cavity 161 is limited by the body outer side 105 of the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 and by the removable insert 177, which closes the body inner side opening 181 formed in the body inner side 107 of the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101.

The embodiment according to the Figure 17 The removable insert 177 shown differs from the one shown in the Figures 12 to 16 shown removable insert 177 in that according to the Figure 17 the insert 177 has, instead of the optional thickening region 193 on the upper side 177-1 of the insert 177, a stop 195 which rests on an upper side 117 of the sleeve-shaped body 101 in order to limit an insertion of the insert 177 into the insert receptacle 178.

Furthermore, the Figure 17 The insert shown has on the underside 177-2 a cover region 197, in particular a circumferential cover region 197, which is designed to cover the insert receptacle 178, in particular the guide groove 179, and thereby to achieve protection of the body wall 103 of the sleeve-shaped body 101.

Furthermore, the sectional view of the Figure 17 nor the at least partially conical ventilation openings 111 are shown, which in the present case only have a conical taper in some areas or in some sections. Diameter of the ventilation openings 111 on a side of the insert 177 facing the air guide part cavity 161 is smaller than a diameter of the ventilation openings 111 on a side of the insert 177 facing away from the air guide part cavity 161.

List of reference symbols:

100

Fixed bed gasifier

101

Sleeve-shaped body

103

Body wall

105

Body outside

107

Inside of the body

107-1

Inner wall of the body

109

Air duct cavity

111

Ventilation breakthrough

113

Air supply nozzle

115

Nozzle interior

117

Top of the sleeve-shaped body

119

First body opening

121

Bottom of the sleeve-shaped body

122

Second body opening

123

Second inner diameter of the second body opening

125

First inner diameter of the first body opening

127

Hollow cylindrical section

129

Distance in the hollow cylindrical section

131

Rejuvenation section

133

Distance in the tapering section

135

First direction

137

Second direction

139

angle

141

Body wall height

143

Body wall width

145

Air supply opening

147

Deepening

149

First nozzle end

151

First nozzle section

153

First outer diameter

155

Second nozzle section

157

Second outer diameter

158

Underside of the body

159

Sleeve segment

161

Air duct cavity

162

Separation gap

163

Recess

165

cover

167

increase

169

Additional air supply sleeve

171

Air supply sleeve end

173

Air supply sleeve section

175

Sleeve ventilation openings

177

Removable insert

177-1

Top of the insert

177-2

Bottom of the insert

178

Operational recording

179

Guide element

181

Inside body opening

183

Inner body edge

185

Sealing element

187

Groove wall

189

First width of use

191

Second width of the insert

193

Thickening area

195

stop

197

Coverage area

200

Fixed bed gasifier

201

Carburettor wall

203

Inside wall

205

Carburettor interior

207

Top of the carburetor wall

209

Bottom of the carburetor wall

211

Feed breakthrough

213

Heating zone

215

Oxidation zone

217

Air nozzle

219

Discharge breakthrough

221

Waste area

223

Air distribution line

225

Wall outside

227

Wall breakthrough

229

Wall cavity

Claims (15)

Air supply device (100) for a fixed bed gasifier (200) for producing a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials, comprising: a sleeve-shaped body (101) which can be positioned in a carburetor interior (205) of the fixed bed carburetor (200), wherein the sleeve-shaped body (101) has a body wall (103), wherein the body wall (103) has a body outer side (105) which can be placed on a wall inner side (203) of a gasifier wall (201) of the fixed bed gasifier (200) facing the gasifier interior (205), wherein the body wall (103) has a body inner side (107) which can be placed on the gasifier interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200), wherein the sleeve-shaped body (101) has an air guide cavity (109) which is formed within the body wall (103) and is delimited by the body outer side (105) and the body inner side (107), wherein a plurality of ventilation openings (111) are formed in the inner side (107) of the body wall (103), which extend through the inner side (107) of the body to the air guide cavity (109) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) in order to fluidically connect the air guide cavity (109) to the carburetor interior (205); and at least one air supply nozzle (113) which is attached to the body outer side (105) of the body wall (103) and can be guided through a wall opening (227) of the carburetor wall (201), wherein the air supply nozzle (113) has a nozzle interior (115) which is fluidically connected to the air guide cavity (109), and wherein the air supply device (100) is designed to supply air through the nozzle interior (115) of the air supply nozzle (113) into the air guide cavity (109) of the body wall (103) and from the air guide cavity (109) through the ventilation openings (111) of the body interior (107) into the carburetor interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200) in order to achieve effective oxidation of the carbonaceous materials accommodated in the fixed bed gasifier (200). Air supply device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve-shaped body (101) has a tapering section (131) which is formed in the body wall (103) of the sleeve-shaped body (101), wherein the tapering section (131) tapers in particular from an upper side (117) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) to a lower side (121) of the sleeve-shaped body (101). Air supply device (100) according to claim 2, wherein the body outer side (105) of the tapered section (131) extends along a first direction (135), and wherein the body inner side (107) of the tapered section (131) extends along a second direction (137), and wherein the first direction (135) and the second direction (137) define an angle (139) which is preferably between 5° and 30°, more preferably between 10° and 25°, and most preferably between 15° and 20°. Air supply device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the air guide cavity (109) formed within the body wall (103) completely encircles the body wall (103), or wherein the air guide cavity (109) formed within the body wall (103) is formed by a plurality of air guide partial cavities (161) which are fluidically separated from one another, wherein in each case one of the plurality of air guide partial cavities (161) is fluidically connected to a respective air supply nozzle (113) of a plurality of air supply nozzles (113) fastened to the body outer side (105) of the body wall (103). Air supply device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one air supply opening (145) is formed in the body outer side (105) of the sleeve-shaped body (101), which is fluidically connected to the nozzle interior (115) of the at least one air supply nozzle (113). Air supply device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body wall (103) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) is formed in one piece. Air supply device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the body wall (103) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) has a plurality of interconnected sleeve segments (159), each of the sleeve segments (159) having an air guide cavity (161). Air supply device (100) according to claim 7, wherein the air supply device (100) has a plurality of air supply nozzles (113), wherein in each case one air supply nozzle (113) of the plurality of air supply nozzles (113) is fastened to the body outer side (105) of a respective sleeve segment (159) of the plurality of sleeve segments (159), wherein in each case one air supply nozzle (113) of the plurality of air supply nozzles (113) can be guided through a wall opening (227) of a plurality of wall openings (227) of the carburetor wall (201). Air supply device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of elevations (167), in particular a lamellar structure, is formed on an inner wall (107-1) of the inner side of the body (107) facing the air guide cavity (109) in order to ensure effective heat dissipation from the inner side of the body (107). Air supply device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of body inner side openings (181) are formed in the body inner side (107) of the body wall (103) of the sleeve-shaped body (101), wherein one of the body inner side openings (181) is closed by a respective removable insert (177) of the air supply device (100), and wherein the plurality of ventilation openings (111) are formed in the removable inserts (177),
wherein in particular in the inner body side (107) of the body wall (103) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) a respective inner body side opening (181) is formed by a respective sleeve segment (159) of the interconnected sleeve segments (159), wherein in each case one of the inner body side openings (181) is closed by a respective removable insert (177) of the air supply device (100), and wherein the plurality of ventilation openings (111) are formed in the removable inserts (177). Air supply device (100) according to claim 10, wherein the body inner side (107) of the body wall (103) of the sleeve-shaped body (101), in particular of the respective sleeve segment (159), each has an insert receptacle (178) in which the respective removable insert (177) can be received in order to close the air guide cavity (109), in particular air guide part cavity (161), wherein the respective insert receptacle (178) in particular each comprises a guide element (179) into which the respective removable insert (177) can be inserted and from which the respective removable insert (177) can be guided out. Air supply device (100) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the body inner side openings (181) are each delimited by a circumferential body inner side edge (183) of the respective body inner side (107), wherein in particular a circumferential sealing element (185) is arranged on the respective circumferential body inner side edge (183), against which the respective removable insert (177) rests in order to achieve an effective fluid-tight seal. Air supply device (100) according to claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein the respective removable insert (177) has a thickening region (193) which is designed to clamp the respective removable insert (177) to the respective body inner side (107), in particular in the respective insert receptacle (178). Fixed bed gasifier (200) for producing a combustible gas from carbonaceous materials with an air supply device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixed bed gasifier (200) has a gasifier wall (201) with a wall inner side (203) facing the gasifier interior (205), wherein the body outer side (105) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) of the air supply device (100) rests against the wall inner side (203), wherein the body inner side (107) of the sleeve-shaped body (101) of the air supply device (100) faces the gasifier interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200), and wherein the carburetor wall (201) has at least one wall opening (227) through which the at least one air supply nozzle (113) of the air supply device (100) is guided. Fixed bed gasifier (200) according to claim 14, with a further air supply sleeve (169) which is fastened to an upper side (207) of the gasifier wall (201) of the fixed bed gasifier (200) and is guided through a further wall opening of the upper side (207) of the gasifier wall (201), wherein the further air supply sleeve (169) has an air supply sleeve end (171) which is arranged in the gasifier interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200) between the inner body side (107) of the body wall (103) of the air supply device (100) which surrounds the air supply sleeve end (171), and wherein the further air supply sleeve (171) is designed to guide air into the gasifier interior (205) of the fixed bed gasifier (200) in order to achieve an effective oxidation of the the carbonaceous materials taken up by the fixed bed gasifier (200).

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