EP4014277A1 - Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries - Google Patents
Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteriesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4014277A1 EP4014277A1 EP21755808.9A EP21755808A EP4014277A1 EP 4014277 A1 EP4014277 A1 EP 4014277A1 EP 21755808 A EP21755808 A EP 21755808A EP 4014277 A1 EP4014277 A1 EP 4014277A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- pressure
- housing
- opening
- assembly according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
- H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an exhaust device for aircraft batteries, in particular in the event of thermal runaway of one or more batteries.
- the object of the invention is to propose a device for evacuating the gases generated in the event of thermal runaway of a battery on board an aircraft, which is common to several batteries, without risk of thermal runaway contamination from battery to battery.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a device with high reliability.
- the invention proposes an exhaust device for at least one battery housed in at least one casing and mounted in an aircraft, each casing comprising a wall in which is arranged a through opening, the device comprising :
- each non-return valve comprises a membrane mounted on the wall of each housing in which the through opening is arranged, so as to close said opening in a sealed manner , each membrane having a surface for applying pressure towards the inside of the housing and a surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing, and in which the surface for applying pressure towards the outside of the housing is greater to the pressure application surface towards the inside of the casing, so that the membrane bursts for a burst pressure value reached inside the casing lower than a burst pressure value reached outside of the box.
- the inward pressure application surface of each membrane is less than or equal to one third of the outward pressure application surface of the housing.
- each membrane is located outside the casing and the pressure application surface towards the outside of the membrane is equal to the internal section of the evacuation pipe.
- the device may further comprise a membrane support in contact with a main face of the membrane facing the inside of the housing, and shaped to reduce the pressure application surface towards the inside the case.
- each membrane support comprises a set of bars extending parallel to the membrane and transversely between them. [0011] In some embodiments, each membrane support is formed by a grid or a cross.
- each valve comprises an end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe, the end piece being attached to the wall of the case in which the through opening is arranged, and the membrane being inserted between the mouthpiece and the wall.
- each valve comprises an end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe, the end piece comprising a first portion adapted to enter the through opening and a second portion forming a peripheral shoulder adapted to come into bearing against a rim of the through opening, the membrane being housed inside the endpiece bearing against the peripheral shoulder.
- each membrane is formed of silicone.
- the device may further comprise a sensor arranged on each membrane and suitable for detecting an open or closed state of each membrane.
- the device connects between one and six housings to the common exhaust port.
- the device further comprises a pressure relief valve mounted on the common evacuation orifice, and adapted to close this orifice as long as the pressure in the evacuation pipe is lower than a value of threshold pressure lower than the external burst pressure of the membranes, and to authorize the communication of fluid towards the exterior of the aircraft when the pressure in the evacuation pipe reaches said threshold pressure.
- a method implemented by such a device comprises, in the event of an increase in the pressure in a battery box,
- an aircraft power supply assembly comprising a plurality of batteries mounted in an aircraft, the batteries being housed in a plurality of casings, each casing comprising a wall in which is arranged a through opening, the assembly further comprising a device for exhausting the batteries according to the preceding description.
- the batteries (2) are lithium batteries.
- the device described herein makes it possible to connect a set of batteries, in particular lithium batteries, to a single evacuation orifice opening out onto the outside of the aircraft, without any moving parts.
- the valve mounted on each battery box allows the escape of the gases generated during a possible thermal runaway of a battery towards the evacuation orifice, since the membrane of the valve yields to the pressure. applied by these gases, without the membranes of the valves of the other batteries yielding under this pressure. The risk of thermal runaway contagion from one battery to another is therefore eliminated.
- the device also has advantages in the case of a single battery, since the membrane, closing the battery box in a sealed manner, makes it possible to form a sealing barrier eliminating, in particular in the event of an assembly operation or maintenance, the need to use a temporary sealing device to prevent the entry of objects or liquids into the battery box.
- a membrane further comprises a sensor making it possible to detect a rupture of the membrane
- this sensor can provide an indication additional to a battery management device to know the state of the battery(ies) contained in the case closed by the membrane.
- FIG. 1 shows an exhaust device of a plurality of batteries according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2a shows a cross-sectional view of a valve of an exhaust device according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2b shows a cross-sectional view of a valve of an exhaust device according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2c shows an exploded view of the valve shown in Figure 2b.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of mounting a valve on a battery box.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents an example of kinematics in the event of thermal runaway of a battery.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an assembly for the power supply of an aircraft, comprising a plurality of batteries 2 mounted in an aircraft 3, and an exhaust device 1 for the batteries.
- the batteries can be lithium batteries, in particular batteries of the LFP or NMC type.
- the batteries can be of cylindrical, prismatic or pouch format (that is to say, bagged or placed in a case).
- the aircraft in which the batteries 2 and the exhaust device 1 are mounted may for example be an airplane, for civil or commercial applications, a helicopter, an autonomous vehicle of the flying taxi type, a space shuttle, or any other aircraft, particularly intended for passenger transport applications.
- Each battery 2 is housed in a casing adapted to contain the flames and the gases generated in the event of thermal runaway of the battery.
- each battery case 20 may be formed from aluminum.
- each battery 2 is housed in a respective casing.
- a casing can house several batteries, for example two batteries.
- the exhaust device 1 makes it possible to connect a plurality of battery boxes 20, and therefore a plurality of batteries, to a common exhaust port 30, arranged in a wall of the aircraft and leading outside the aircraft.
- the exhaust device makes it possible to connect at least 1 box 20 of batteries 2 to the evacuation orifice 30, and preferably between 1 and 6 boxes. In the case where each box houses a battery, the device thus makes it possible to connect between 1 and 6 batteries, to the evacuation orifice 30.
- Each housing 20 comprises a wall 21 in which is arranged a through opening 22.
- the exhaust device 1 comprises, for each housing 20, an evacuation pipe 10 connecting the through opening 22 of the housing 20 to the evacuation orifice 30.
- the evacuation pipes therefore comprise a portion specific to each battery box 20 and a portion common to all of the battery boxes, and all of the evacuation pipes communicate with one another so that gases can freely circulate in all the evacuation pipes.
- the exhaust device further comprises, for each battery box 20, a valve 11, carried at the end of each discharge pipe 10 on the side of the casing, and mounted on the through opening 22 of the casing.
- the valve 11 comprises a membrane 12, mounted on the wall 21 of the housing so as to close the through opening 22 of the housing in a sealed manner.
- the membrane is made of a waterproof material that is non-flammable.
- the membrane can be made of silicone.
- it can also be formed from a metal strip.
- the valve 11 may also include a connection end piece, adapted to receive one end of an evacuation pipe, so as to connect the through-opening 22 of the housing with the pipe 10.
- the valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 is able to hold a pressure PE on the side of the evacuation pipe, that is to say outside the housing, greater than the pressure PI inside the battery box.
- each valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 yields for an internal pressure PI in the battery case 20 equal to a determined pressure P1, without yielding when this pressure P1 is reached, or even exceeded, by the pressure PE in the pipe. evacuation.
- each valve is adapted so that the membrane 12 has an internal burst pressure PIB less than or equal to half, or even a third, of the external burst pressure PEB.
- Each membrane 12 has a pressure application surface towards the outside of the housing S ⁇ E and a pressure application surface towards the inside of the housing S ⁇ .
- the pressure application surface can be formed by several disjoint regions of the section of the membrane. Alternatively, it can be formed by a single region, which has an area less than or equal to the area of the membrane.
- the pressure application surface of a main face of the membrane may correspond to the surface of the membrane free to deform under the effect of pressure.
- the pressure application surface towards of the casing may correspond to the section of the through opening.
- the inward and outward pressure application surfaces S ⁇ E of the membrane can therefore be different. .
- the geometry of the membrane 12 is adapted so that the pressure application surface towards the outside of the casing S ⁇ E , i.e. greater than the pressure application surface inside the box.
- the force exerted by gases on the membrane 12 is greater towards the outside than towards the inside, which causes the membrane to rupture for a pressure of burst pressure reached in housing 20 less than a PEB burst pressure in vent line 10.
- the pressure applying section towards is less than or equal to half, or even one third, of the outward pressure application section S ⁇ E , to allow a sufficient pressure difference between the pressures that can be sustained on either side of the membrane .
- the membrane 12 may be located outside the housing 20, and cover the through opening 22 so as to close this opening.
- the pressure application surface towards the inside of the housing may correspond to the section of the through opening 20 of the housing.
- the surface of application of pressure S ⁇ E towards the outside of the casing corresponds to the section inside the evacuation pipe 10, this section being advantageously greater than the section of the through-opening, and preferably at least twice as large as the section of the through-opening.
- this embodiment can be obtained by pinching the membrane 12 between the connection endpiece of the valve and the wall 21 of the housing.
- the connection end piece 13 is adapted to be attached to the wall of the box in which the through opening is arranged, for example by means of a fixing plate 130.
- the connection end piece can then be attached to the box, for example by screwing or by bolting the mounting plate to the wall 21 of the housing.
- the membrane 12 is then interposed between the wall of the case and the end of the connection piece formed by the fixing plate 130, so as to seal the opening in a sealed manner, without there being any need to add an additional gasket.
- the membrane 12 can be an integrated element in the connection endpiece of the valve.
- the connection piece 13 comprises a main body 139 comprising a portion 131 adapted to be inserted into the through opening 22 of the housing 20, and an adjacent portion 132 of greater diameter, forming a peripheral shoulder adapted to bear against an edge of the through-opening 22.
- the connecting piece 13 can be fixed rigidly to the wall of the casing by bolting the peripheral shoulder to the wall of the housing or, in the case where the portion 131 inserted in the through opening extends projecting with respect to the wall of the housing, by tightening a nut 133 around the projecting portion.
- a seal 134 may be provided between the peripheral edge of the connection end piece and the wall of the box.
- the membrane 12 can itself be held in the connection end piece, resting against the peripheral shoulder, by another tightening nut 135.
- the peripheral shoulder of the connecting piece 13 is located inside the housing 20, and the membrane 12 is therefore also inside the case.
- the reverse configuration could be adopted and the membrane 12 would then be outside the casing.
- each valve may include a membrane support 14 located on the side of the membrane located inside the casing.
- the membrane support 14 is preferably in contact with the main face of the membrane facing the inside of the housing.
- the membrane support 14 is shaped to reduce the surface of application of pressure towards the inside of the housing by limiting the surface of the membrane free to deform inwards.
- the membrane support 14 can be formed of one or more bars extending parallel to the membrane and transversely between them.
- the membrane support can be formed of a cross or a grid extending in a plane parallel to the plane of the membrane and in contact with the latter. The membrane support therefore makes it possible to reduce the pressure application surface towards the inside of the membrane and to increase the difference between the internal pressure PI and the external pressure PE at the bursting of the membrane.
- a membrane support is shown, this nut being a grid formed in one piece with the nut holding the membrane in the connection piece.
- the membrane support 14 can be formed integrally with the wall 21 of the housing in which the through opening 22 is made. This is the case in the example shown in Figure 3.
- the membrane support 14 can be a separate part attached to the wall of the housing or to one of the components of the valve 11 .
- the support is formed integrally with the tightening nut 135 holding the membrane 12 integral with the body 139 of the end piece for connection to the evacuation pipe.
- a sensor (not shown) can be arranged on the membrane, being adapted to detect a closed or open (burst) state of the membrane.
- the sensor can be, for example but not limitatively, of the strain gauge type, breaking wire, etc.
- the sensor can then be connected to a management device for the battery or batteries (or BMS, acronym for the English Battery Management System) contained in each box, so that the battery management device can have access to additional information on the state of the membrane.
- the device further comprises a pressure relief valve 40 mounted on the common discharge port to all battery boxes, or, failing to be mounted directly on the evacuation orifice, it is arranged on a common portion of all the evacuation pipes.
- the pressure relief valve is adapted to close the evacuation orifice as long as the pressure inside the evacuation pipes is lower than a threshold pressure Ps, and to release this orifice, for example by bursting, when the pressure reaches or exceeds the threshold pressure.
- the threshold pressure Ps is lower than the external bursting pressure PEs of the membranes of the valves mounted on the casings.
- the threshold pressure is advantageously less than or equal to the internal burst pressure GDP of these membranes, so that in the event of thermal runaway of a battery, the corresponding membrane of the case bursts, and consequently the pressure relief valve also releases the exhaust port.
- the threshold pressure PS can be equal to the pressure PIB.
- FIG. 4 a kinematics allowed by the exhaust device 1 presented above in the event of thermal runaway of a battery.
- a battery undergoes thermal runaway, causing the generation of gas and the increase in pressure in the battery casing, until reaching the internal bursting pressure PIB of the membrane, for example two bars.
- the membrane of the housing bursts, which leads to the propagation of gases in all of the evacuation pipes of the exhaust device and the increase in pressure in these pipes.
- the pressure in the evacuation pipes reaches the threshold pressure PS at which the pressure relief valve 40 releases the evacuation orifice 30.
- This threshold pressure is lower than the pressure external PEB to which the membranes of the other housings 20 give way. Consequently, the evacuation orifice 30 is freed to allow the evacuation of the gases without contamination of the thermal runaway to the other batteries.
- the gases are evacuated outside the aircraft and the pressure in the evacuation pipes decreases, without having reached the PEB external pressure for the bursting of the other membranes, and therefore the risk of thermal runaway is eliminated.
- connection end piece
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2008293 | 2020-08-05 | ||
PCT/FR2021/051398 WO2022029380A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 | 2021-07-27 | Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4014277A1 true EP4014277A1 (en) | 2022-06-22 |
Family
ID=74045567
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21755808.9A Pending EP4014277A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 | 2021-07-27 | Anti-propagation exhaust device for aircraft lithium-ion batteries |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11962032B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4014277A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3154857C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022029380A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4434237B2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2010-03-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Power storage device for vehicle and vehicle |
CN102272993B (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2014-12-10 | 惠州市惠德瑞锂电科技有限公司 | High-energy battery and preparation method thereof |
CN104106154B (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2018-01-02 | 江森自控先进能源动力系统有限责任公司 | Pressure relief element, pressure relief equipment and battery |
US9209497B2 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2015-12-08 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Sensor module and battery elements |
US9508970B2 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2016-11-29 | The Boeing Company | Enclosure for rechargeable batteries |
US9663233B2 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-05-30 | The Boeing Company | Ventilation conduit for an aircraft |
US9412985B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-08-09 | Saft | Safety device for a lithium electrochemical generator battery |
DE102013203601A1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sealing component for sealing connection between aperture in housing of cell and link at tubing system of accumulator in e.g. electrical vehicle, has protection diaphragm formed with sealing body and break section in connection area |
EP2942226A1 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2015-11-11 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Aircraft battery exhaust system |
DE202016001797U1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-04-14 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Transport device for lithium batteries in an aircraft |
DE102017128251A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-05-29 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Exhaust pipe for a battery in an aircraft |
-
2021
- 2021-07-27 US US17/783,526 patent/US11962032B2/en active Active
- 2021-07-27 CA CA3154857A patent/CA3154857C/en active Active
- 2021-07-27 WO PCT/FR2021/051398 patent/WO2022029380A1/en unknown
- 2021-07-27 EP EP21755808.9A patent/EP4014277A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3154857A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
CA3154857C (en) | 2022-07-19 |
WO2022029380A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
US11962032B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
US20230011662A1 (en) | 2023-01-12 |
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