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EP4004472A1 - Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeug, und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen wärmetauschers - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeug, und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen wärmetauschers

Info

Publication number
EP4004472A1
EP4004472A1 EP20754336.4A EP20754336A EP4004472A1 EP 4004472 A1 EP4004472 A1 EP 4004472A1 EP 20754336 A EP20754336 A EP 20754336A EP 4004472 A1 EP4004472 A1 EP 4004472A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protuberances
fluid
hollow
heat exchange
circulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20754336.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kamel Azzouz
Cédric DE VAULX
Xavier Marchadier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Publication of EP4004472A1 publication Critical patent/EP4004472A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/124Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and being formed of pins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/424Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions
    • F28F1/426Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions the outside portions and the inside portions forming parts of complementary shape, e.g. concave and convex
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F2001/027Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with dimples
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00Fins
    • F28F2215/04Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities

Definitions

  • Heat exchanger in particular for a motor vehicle and method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger
  • the present invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, in particular for motor vehicles, and to methods of manufacturing such heat exchangers.
  • heat exchangers equip a large number of motor vehicles. These heat exchangers can for example be dedicated to
  • Heat exchangers generally include a heat exchange bundle consisting of a set of superimposed hollow elements in which a first heat transfer fluid, such as glycol water or a refrigerant fluid, is intended to flow.
  • This heat exchange bundle has a plurality of fins arranged between these hollow elements. These fins are configured to increase the heat exchange surface between the first coolant circulating inside the hollow elements and a second coolant, such as air, circulating between these hollow elements.
  • a heat exchangers have a large number of parts and can be complex to assemble, in particular due to the mounting of the fins.
  • Such a heat exchanger is for example described in document EP 2869015.
  • finned heat exchangers generate a certain thermal resistance for the exchange between the first coolant, such as refrigerant, and the second coolant, such as air.
  • the surface of the fins allowing to increase the exchange surface is not in direct contact with the two fluids. The heat exchanges between these two fluids with the heat exchangers of the prior art can therefore be improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger having improved heat exchange capacities compared to those known from the prior art and having good mechanical strength.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger of which the number of parts constituting it is limited.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is simple and quick to assemble. Another objective of the present invention, different from the preceding objectives, is to provide a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger which is simple, rapid and inexpensive.
  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a heat exchange bundle between at least a first fluid and a second fluid, said heat exchange bundle being composed of:
  • At least one of the first and / or second faces of at least one hollow element comprises a plurality of protuberances extending in the space defined for the circulation of the second fluid
  • the protuberances are shaped so as to form a more concentrated pressure drop at the center of the channel than at its periphery to allow a greater disturbance of the circulation of the second fluid at the level of the center of the channel than at its level. periphery.
  • the variation in the pressure drop caused by the protuberances makes it possible, among other things, to modify the disturbances in the circulation of the second fluid in order to modulate the circulation speed of this second fluid or to improve the homogenization of the temperature of this second fluid. as it moves between the hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle. More particularly, the center of the channel of the hollow element is the zone of the channel at which the heat exchanges must be the greatest. With such a conformation of the protuberances on the faces of the hollow elements, it is possible to maximize the pressure drops and therefore the disturbances of this second fluid at the level of the center of the channel and thus to improve the heat exchanges between the first and the second. fluids in the heat exchange bundle, by reducing the speed of circulation of this second fluid, and / or by increasing the disturbance of its circulation, in order to improve the thermal homogenization of this second flow.
  • the heat exchanger according to the present invention may further include one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
  • the hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle can be plates.
  • the heat exchange bundle can be formed by a row of superimposed plates.
  • the hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle can be flat tubes.
  • the heat exchange bundle can be formed by at least one row of superimposed flat tubes.
  • the hollow elements can be made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 45 W.nrbK ⁇ 1 at 20 ° C.
  • the hollow elements can be made of metal or of a metal alloy, in particular of aluminum.
  • the protuberances can be formed directly on the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements.
  • the protuberances can be elements attached to the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements.
  • the protuberances can be formed on a strip separate from the hollow element.
  • the protuberances may have a shape of constant section, a first end of which is placed in contact with the face of the element carrying the protuberance and a second free end, opposite the first end, in contact with the hollow element. adjacent.
  • the section of the protuberance can be circular, oblong, or even parallelepiped.
  • the protuberances may have a shape of variable section, a first end of which is disposed in contact with the face of the element carrying the protuberance and a second free end, opposite the first end, disposed in contact with the adjacent hollow member, said first end having a cross section having an area greater than that of the second free end.
  • the protuberances may have a conical shape having a pointed or planar second free end, or a dome shape.
  • the second free ends of the protuberances carried by the faces of adjacent hollow elements arranged opposite one another can be in contact with each other in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle.
  • the second free ends of the protuberances carried by a first face of a first hollow element can be in contact with a second face of a second adjacent hollow element of the heat exchange bundle in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle.
  • the second free ends of the protuberances carried by the first face of a first hollow element may be in contact alternately with the second free ends of the protuberances carried by the second face of an adjacent second hollow element and with the second face of this second adjacent hollow element arranged opposite the first face of the first hollow element in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle.
  • the protuberances can be arranged on at least the first and / or second face of the hollow element in transverse rows in the heat exchange bundle.
  • the second free ends of the protuberances carried by the first face of a first hollow element provide a mechanical connection by brazing a second adjacent hollow element having a second face disposed opposite the second free end of the protuberances carried by the first face of the first hollow element.
  • the variation in the pressure drop can be caused by a variation in the surface density of the protuberances arranged in the space defined for the circulation of the second fluid.
  • the surface density of protuberances in an alignment is greater at the level of the center of the channel than at its periphery.
  • the protuberances are arranged on at least the first and / or second face of the hollow element in transverse rows in the heat exchange beam and the variation in the surface density of the
  • protuberances can be achieved by varying the distance between protuberances of the same transverse row.
  • the dimensions of the protuberances carried by the faces of two elements arranged opposite one another may be identical.
  • the variation in the pressure drop can be caused by a variation of at least one geometric parameter of the protuberances arranged in the space defined for the circulation of the second fluid.
  • variable geometric parameter can be chosen from a size of a section of the protuberance, a shape of the protuberance, or a
  • the protuberances have at least an elongated face and the variation in the pressure drop can be caused by a variation in an orientation. relative to the direction of circulation of the second fluid of the elongated face of the protuberances arranged in the space defined for the circulation of the second fluid.
  • the heat exchange bundle may further comprise two end elements arranged parallel to the superimposed hollow elements and respectively on either side of the superposition of hollow elements, each end element having a face disposed opposite a first or a second face of a hollow element and defining a space between the end element and the hollow element to allow the circulation of the second fluid and at least one face of an end element arranged opposite the first or the second face of the hollow element comprises a plurality of protuberances shaped so as to form a more concentrated pressure drop at the level of the center of the channel than at its periphery .
  • the hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle may comprise two channels for the circulation of the first fluid, said channels being separated from each other by a partition wall and the protuberances are arranged on the other. minus the first and / or second faces of the hollow element in transverse rows in the heat exchange bundle, the arrangement of the protuberances in each transverse row carried by each channel of the hollow element can be symmetrical with respect to the wall of separation.
  • the hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle may comprise two channels for the circulation of the first fluid, said channels being separated from each other by a partition wall and the protuberances are arranged on the other. minus the first and / or second faces of the hollow element along transverse rows in the heat exchange bundle, the arrangement of the protuberances in each transverse row carried by each channel of the hollow element may be non-symmetrical with respect to the partition wall.
  • a subject of the present invention is also a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger as defined above.
  • the manufacturing process includes the following steps:
  • the manufacturing method according to the present invention may further include one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination.
  • the protuberances can be produced directly on the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements during the protuberance production step.
  • the step of producing the protuberances may include a first sub-step of forming the protuberances on a strip distinct from the hollow elements and a second sub-step of positioning this strip
  • the protuberances can be produced by deformation of a surface of the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements, and in particular by
  • the protuberances can be produced by depositing material on a surface of the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements during the protuberance production step.
  • the deposition of material can be carried out by a cold metallization process.
  • the cold metallization process can involve the use of a mask.
  • the cold metallization process can implement a first sub-step of projection of particles composed of a first material followed by a second sub-step of projection of a second material, different from the first material, on the face of the element or on the strap.
  • the cold metallization process uses a gas under a pressure which may be between 5 bars and 50 bars and at a temperature which may be less than or equal to 1100 ° C.
  • the gas used in the cold metallization process can be chosen from argon, helium, hydrogen, alone or as a mixture.
  • the deposition of material can be carried out by a direct metal deposition process.
  • the direct metal deposition process uses a laser whose power can be between 0.3 kW and 4 kW.
  • the stack may also include two end elements arranged respectively on either side of the superposition of hollow elements and parallel to these hollow elements, each end element has a face disposed opposite 'a first or a second face of a hollow element, and at least one face of an end element has a plurality of protuberances, said protuberances being produced directly on the end element or being attached to the end element with the strip defined above.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger
  • Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a hollow element of the heat exchanger of Figure 1 according to a particular embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic partial perspective representation of a heat exchange bundle of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic perspective representation of a strip having protrusions
  • Figure 4B is an exploded schematic perspective view of a heat exchange bundle with protrusions attached to hollow elements of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic partial front perspective view of a heat exchange bundle according to a first alternative
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic partial front perspective representation of a heat exchange bundle according to a second alternative
  • Figure 6B is a schematic perspective view from above of the heat exchange heat beam of Figure 6A;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic partial front perspective representation of a heat exchange bundle according to a third alternative
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of an arrangement of
  • protrusions on a hollow element of the heat exchange bundle of FIG. 1 associated with a temperature of the outer surface of this hollow element according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic representation of an arrangement of the protuberances on a hollow element of the heat exchange bundle of FIG. 1 associated with a temperature of the external surface of this hollow element according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic representation of an arrangement of the protuberances on a hollow element of the heat exchange bundle of FIG. 1 associated with a temperature of the external surface of this hollow element according to a variant of the second embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of an arrangement of the protuberances on a hollow element of the heat exchange bundle of FIG. 1 associated with a temperature of the external surface of this hollow element according to a fourth embodiment
  • Figure 11 is a schematic representation of a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing the heat exchanger of Figure 1.
  • first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter or even first criterion and second criterion etc.
  • first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter or even first criterion and second criterion etc.
  • indexing does not imply a priority of one element, parameter or criterion over another and such names can easily be interchanged without departing from the scope of the present description.
  • This indexation does not imply an order in time, for example, to assess such and such criteria.
  • thermal conductivity is understood to mean the energy, or quantity of heat, transferred per unit area and time, expressed in watts per meter-kelvin (W.nrLK ⁇ 1 ].
  • fluid in the following description, a body whose molecules have little adhesion and can slide freely relative to each other (in the case of liquids) or move independently of each other (in the case of gases], so that the body takes the form of the vessel which contains it.
  • the term “surface” is understood in the following description to mean an extent representing at least a portion of the first or of the second face of the hollow element, of the face of the first or of the second end element arranged. facing the hollow elements, or the strip.
  • a heat exchanger 1 in particular for a motor vehicle.
  • This heat exchanger 1 comprises a heat exchange bundle 3 between at least a first heat transfer fluid Fl and a second heat transfer fluid F2 (visible in FIG. 3].
  • the heat exchange bundle 3 is made up of at least two hollow elements 31 superimposed. Each hollow element 31 forms at least a channel 35 (visible in Figures 2 and 3) inside which the first fluid F1 is intended to circulate. This channel 35 has a center 35c and a periphery 35p (also visible in FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • the heat exchanger 1 further comprises a first 11 and a second 13 manifold boxes.
  • the first 11 and second 13 manifolds are arranged at the ends of the hollow elements 31 and together with the heat exchange bundle 3 form the heat exchanger 1.
  • the first manifold 11 has for example an inlet 11a in order to supply the elements.
  • hollow 31 in the first fluid Fl and the second manifold 13 has for example an outlet 13a in order to allow the circulation of the first fluid Fl in a circuit (not
  • This first heat transfer fluid F1 may in particular be a liquid, such as for example glycol water or a refrigerant fluid.
  • These first 11 and second 13 header boxes are attached to the heat exchange bundle 3 in order to form the heat exchanger 1.
  • These first 11 and second 13 header boxes can be fixed to the heat exchange bundle 3 by brazing or by a mechanical connection, in particular by crimping, for example.
  • the superimposed hollow elements 31 of the heat exchange bundle 3 may be plates in order to form a plate heat exchanger 1, or else be flat tubes in order to form a tube heat exchanger 1.
  • the heat exchange bundle 3 can therefore be produced by a row of superimposed plates or even by at least one row of superimposed flat tubes.
  • the hollow elements 31 superimposed on the heat exchange bundle 3 can in particular be made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 45 W.nrbK- 1 at 20 ° C.
  • these hollow elements can be made of metal or of a metal alloy, and in particular of aluminum.
  • thermal conductivity for the material constituting the hollow elements 31 makes it possible to ensure good heat transfers between the first Fluid F1 and the second F2 in this heat exchange bundle 3 in order in particular to allow heat exchanges of the first fluid F1.
  • the hollow elements 31 each have a first 33a and a second 33b faces. These hollow elements are also configured to allow the circulation of the second fluid F2 in a space 37 between the hollow elements 31 in order to allow heat exchange between the first F1 and the second fluid F2 during the operation of this heat exchanger 1.
  • the second fluid F2 coolant may for example be air intended to circulate between the hollow elements 31 in order to exchange thermal energy with the first fluid Fl circulating inside the hollow elements 31 for example.
  • the circulations of the first Fl and second F2 fluids inside the heat exchange bundle 3 are mutually perpendicular.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a hollow element 31 having a single channel 35 comprising a center 35c and a periphery 35p.
  • the hollow element 31 may have a greater number of channels 35, such as for example two channels 35, when the hollow element 31 is a flat tube, the channels 35 being separated from one another. by a partition wall 36
  • At least one of the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of at least one hollow element 31 comprises a plurality of protuberances 5.
  • the protrusions 5 extend in the space 37 defined for circulation. of the second fluid F2.
  • Such an arrangement of the protuberances 5 in the space 37 defined for the passage of the second fluid F2 makes it possible to create disturbances in the flow of the second fluid F2 through the heat exchange bundle 3, which allows, among other things, better homogenization of the temperature of this second fluid F2 and an improvement in the heat exchanges between the first F1 and the second F2 fluids circulating in the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the protuberances 5 are shaped so as to form a greater pressure drop.
  • This conformation of the protuberances 5 is intended to allow a greater disturbance of the circulation of the second fluid F2 at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 than at the level of its periphery 35p.
  • This disturbance of the flow of the second fluid F2 in space 37 may in particular consist of a reduction in its speed or else in a disturbance of its direction of flow allowing better homogenization of its flow.
  • the heat exchange bundle 3 further comprises two end elements 38, 39 arranged parallel to the superimposed hollow elements 31 and respectively on either side of the superposition of elements. hollow 31.
  • Each end element 38, 39 has a face disposed opposite a first 33a or a second 33b face of a hollow element 31 and define a space 37 between the end element 38, 39 and the hollow element 31 to allow the circulation of the second fluid F2.
  • These end elements 38, 39 can be made by a plate, for example of metal or of a metal alloy, such as for example of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy.
  • the material constituting the end elements 38, 39 is identical to that forming the hollow elements 31.
  • the face of at least one end element 38, 39 disposed opposite the first 33a or of the second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 may comprise a plurality of protuberances 5.
  • These protuberances 5 carried by the at least one end element 38, 39 are also shaped so as to form a more concentrated pressure drop at the center 35c of the channel 35 than at its periphery 35p.
  • the first 33a or the second 33b face of the hollow element 31 arranged opposite the end element 38, 39 may also include protuberances 5. According to one
  • this first 33a or second 33b face of the hollow element 31 disposed opposite the end element 38, 39 may not have any protuberances 5.
  • the protuberances 5 are carried only by the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31, the face of the end elements 38, 39 (visible in FIG. 1) arranged opposite hollow elements 31 having a smooth surface, that is to say that this face of the end elements 38, 39 does not present any protuberances.
  • each hollow element 31 of the heat exchange bundle 3 has protuberances 5 arranged on their first 33a and second 33b faces.
  • the protuberances 5 can be carried by the hollow elements 31 and by the face of at least one of the end elements 38, 39 disposed facing the hollow elements 31.
  • the protrusions 5 can be arranged on the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 in transverse rows in the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the transverse rows of protuberances 5 extend parallel to the direction of circulation of the second fluid F2 in the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the protuberances 5 are formed directly on the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow element 31.
  • the protuberances 5 can be produced by deformation of a surface of the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31.
  • these protuberances 5 can be formed by adding material to this surface of the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31 as will be described in more detail later.
  • the protuberances 5 can be formed directly on the faces of the end elements 38, 39 (visible in FIG. 1) arranged opposite a first 33a or a second 33b face of a hollow element 31 both by deformation of a surface of this face and by depositing material on this surface.
  • the protuberances 5 may be attached to the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31.
  • the protuberances 5 may in particular be formed on a strip 7, shown in FIG. 4A, separate from the hollow element 31. This strip 7 is then placed opposite the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 for example, as shown with reference to FIG. 4B, so that the protuberances 5 extend into the space 37 (visible in particular in FIG. 3) defined for the circulation of the second fluid F2.
  • FIG. 4B is a view exploded strip 7 and hollow elements 31, but this exploded view is only presented to clearly distinguish the strip 7 from the hollow elements 31.
  • this strip 7 on the first 33a and / or second 33b face of the hollow elements 31 can be carried out by brazing for example or during a step of brazing the heat exchange bundle 3 as is described in more detail later.
  • the strip 7 can be made of the same material as the hollow elements 31.
  • the strip 7 is made of metal or a metal alloy, such as for example aluminum. or an aluminum alloy.
  • the protuberances 5 can be formed on the strip 7 by deformation of the surface of this strip 7 or even by adding material to this strip 7.
  • the strip 7 can be placed. so as to be carried by the face of at least one of the end elements 38, 39 disposed opposite the first 33a or the second 33b face of a hollow element 31 so that this at least one end element 38, 39 shows the protrusions 5.
  • the protuberances 5 have a first end 51 disposed in contact with the face of the element 31, 38, 39 which carries the protuberance and a second free end 53, opposite the first end 51, intended to be in contact with the element. hollow 31 or the adjacent end member 38, 39.
  • adjacent element is meant here an element of the heat exchange bundle arranged opposite a first 33a or a second 33b face of a hollow element 31.
  • An adjacent element can therefore be another hollow element 31, or also an end element 38, 39.
  • the protuberances 5 may have a shape of constant section or else a shape of variable section. By constant section shape, it is understood here that the
  • protuberance 5 has a constant diameter over the whole of its length, that is to say over the whole of the space 37 arranged between the elements 31, 38, 39 for the passage of the second fluid F2 in which it s 'extends.
  • this section may be oblong, parallelepiped, or even circular.
  • shape of variable section is meant here that the protuberance 5 has a variable diameter over the whole of its length, that is to say over the whole of the space 37 arranged between the elements. 31, 38, 39 for the passage of the second fluid F2 in which it extends.
  • the first end 51 has an area greater than that of the second free end 53.
  • the protuberances 5 may have a conical shape having a pointed, planar second free end 53. , or a dome shape.
  • the shape of the protuberances 5 can be chosen as a function of the stresses which they may be subjected to during the operation of the heat exchanger 1 or even during the brazing of the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the shape of these protuberances 5 can also be chosen as a function of the disturbances of the flow of the second fluid F2 desired in the space 37 (visible in particular in FIG. 3).
  • the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of a first hollow element 31a provide a mechanical connection by brazing a second adjacent hollow element 31b having a second face 33b arranged opposite the second end. free 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a.
  • the assembly of the heat exchange bundle 3 by brazing ensures good mechanical retention of this heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the protuberances 5 which define the space 37 for the passage of the second fluid F2. .
  • this space was provided by the presence of fins arranged between the hollow elements 31.
  • the presence of the protuberances 5 therefore makes it possible to limit the number of constituents of the heat exchange bundle 3. which makes it possible in particular to simplify its structure and its assembly by eliminating the presence of the fins known from the prior art.
  • Such a heat exchange bundle 3 therefore has relatively low production costs while ensuring good mechanical strength thereof.
  • the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the faces of two adjacent elements 31, 38, 39 arranged facing each other are in contact with each other. More particularly, according to the particular embodiment of FIG. 5, the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a and the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the second face 33b of the second hollow element 31b are in contact with each other.
  • Such cooperation of the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 makes it possible in particular to manufacture identical hollow elements 31.
  • such cooperation between the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 can be envisaged in the case where the face disposed opposite the hollow elements 31 of at least one end element 38, 39 (visible in FIG. 1) also presents
  • the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by one face of an element 31, 38, 39 are in contact with a surface of an adjacent element 31, 38, 39 . More particularly according to the particular embodiment of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a are in contact with the second face 33b of the second hollow element 31b and vice versa.
  • Such cooperation can also be envisaged for the cooperation of the second ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by a face of a hollow element 31 disposed opposite at least one of the end elements 38, 39 in the case where the face of this end element 38, 39 is smooth for example.
  • the protuberances 5 correspond to deformations of the first 33a and of the second 33b faces of the first 31a and second 31b hollow elements respectively.
  • the first fluid F1 can circulate inside these protuberances 5 which further improves the heat exchange coefficient between the first F1 and the second F2 fluids circulating through this heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the heat exchange bundle 3 offers a direct contact surface between the first Fl and second F2 fluids over the entire path made by these first Fl and second F2 fluids through this heat exchange bundle 3, which makes it possible in particular to improve the heat exchanges between these first Fl and second F2 fluids and therefore the performance of the heat exchanger 1.
  • such a configuration of the channel 35 also makes it possible to disturb the flow of the first fluid Fl inside the latter, which allows in particular an improvement in the homogenization of the temperature of this first fluid F1 during its circulation in the hollow elements 31.
  • the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a may be in contact alternately with the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the element. 31, 38, 39 adjacent and with the face of the adjacent element 31, 38, 39 disposed opposite the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a.
  • Such a configuration of the protuberances 5 can make it possible to modify the disturbances of the second fluid F2 during its flow through the heat exchange bundle 3, and also to play on the speed of movement of this second fluid F2 inside it. space 37 during its passage through the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the hollow element 31 has two channels 35 for the circulation of the first fluid F1.
  • Such a hollow element 31 can for example
  • protuberances 5 correspond to a flat tube having a partition wall 36 of the two channels 35.
  • the protuberances 5 are shown separately. hollow elements 31 and face, but this representation is only made for a better view of these protuberances 5 which are arranged with the first end 51 shown in these various figures in contact with the first 33a or the second 33b face of the hollow element 31.
  • the variation in the pressure drop is caused by a variation in the surface density of the protuberances 5 arranged in the space 37 (visible in FIG. 3) defined for the circulation of the second fluid F2.
  • the term surface density must be interpreted as the number of protuberances 5 for a given surface, this given surface being able in particular to correspond to different zones arranged between the ends.
  • peripherals 35p of the channel 35 comprising a particular surface for the center 35c of the channel 35.
  • the temperature of the surface of the hollow element 31 is higher at the center 35c of the channel 35 than at the level of the periphery 35p of this channel 35.
  • the heat exchanges between the first F1 and second F2 fluids must be greater at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 than at the level of its periphery 35p.
  • the surface density of protuberances 5 is greater at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 of the element. hollow 31 than at its periphery 35p.
  • Such a modification of the density of the protuberances 5 makes it possible to increase the number of obstacles encountered by the second fluid F2 at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 and therefore to slow the circulation of this second fluid F2 at the center 35c of the channel 35 and also to disturb its circulation in order to allow a good homogenization of its temperature linked to the agitation of this second fluid F2 caused by the protuberances 5 and therefore to improve the heat exchanges between the first F1 and second F2 fluids at the level of the center 35c of channel 35.
  • the protuberances 5 are arranged on the at least first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 in transverse rows, that is to say extending parallel to the direction of circulation of the second fluid F2, in the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the variation in the surface density of the protuberances 5 is achieved by varying the distance between protuberances 5 of the same row transverse. More particularly, the distance between protrusions 5 of the same transverse row is smaller at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 than at the level of its periphery 35p.
  • the dimensions of the protuberances 5 carried by the faces of the two elements 31, 38, 39 arranged opposite one another are identical.
  • the hollow element 31 has two channels 35, the heat exchange needs between the first Fl and second F2 fluids are different depending on the positioning of the channel 35 in the direction of flow. of the second fluid F2.
  • the arrangement of the protuberances 5 in each transverse row carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 is non-symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36.
  • the arrangement of the protuberances 5 in each transverse row carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 may be symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B there is shown another variant of the arrangement of the protuberances 5 allowing the variation of the pressure drop.
  • the variation in the pressure drop is caused by a variation in at least one geometric parameter of the protuberances 5 extending into the space 37 defined for the circulation of the second fluid F2.
  • the variable geometric parameter is the size of the protrusions 5.
  • the protrusions 5 arranged at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 have a greater diameter. to that of the protuberances arranged at the periphery 35p of the channel 35.
  • the protuberances 5 By varying the size of the protuberances 5, it is possible to modify the disturbances in the circulation of the second fluid F2 in the space 37 defined between the hollow elements 31.
  • the protuberances 5 slow down the circulation of the second fluid F2 and cause greater disturbances to its circulation than at the level of the periphery 35p of this channel 35.
  • the protuberances 5 are arranged on the at least first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 in transverse rows, arranged parallel to the direction of flow of the second fluid F2 , in the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the hollow element 31 has two channels 35 separated from each other by the partition wall 36.
  • the arrangement of the protuberances 5 in each transverse row carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 is symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36.
  • the arrangement of the protuberances 5 in each transverse row carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 may be non-symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36.
  • variable geometric parameter is the shape of the protuberances 5.
  • the protuberances 5 arranged on the first 33a or the second 33b face of the hollow element 31 have different shapes depending on their position in the alignment of protuberances 5 on the channel 35.
  • the protuberances 5 arranged at the periphery 35p of the channel 35 have a substantially triangular shape in order to direct the second fluid F2 in the space 37 defined for its circulation and the following protuberances 5 have shapes of different cross-section, and in particular substantially parallelepipedal and substantially circular, in order to increase the concentration of the pressure drop, and therefore the disturbance of the circulation of the second fluid F2, at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 so as to increase the heat exchanges between the first Fl and second F2 fluids.
  • the hollow element 31 comprises two channels 35 separated from one another by a partition wall 36.
  • the alignments of protuberances 5 carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 are symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36. According to an alternative of this particular embodiment not shown here, the
  • alignments of protuberances 5 carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 may be non-symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36.
  • the variation in the concentration of the pressure drop caused by the conformation of the protuberances 5 can be caused by a modification of the size and shape of the protuberances 5, these protuberances 5 which may or may not be arranged in transverse rows.
  • the protuberances 5 have at least one elongated face.
  • the variation in the pressure drop can be caused by a variation in an orientation with respect to the direction of circulation of the second fluid F2 of the elongated face of the protuberances 5 arranged in the space 37 defined for the circulation of the second fluid F2.
  • the protrusions 5 may correspond, for example, to walls connecting the first face 33a of a first hollow element 31a to a second face 31b of a second hollow element 31b. These walls have different orientations in the direction of circulation of the second fluid F2 in space 37. More particularly according to the particular embodiment of FIG. 10, the walls have orientations configured to disturb the circulation of the second fluid F2 as much as possible. at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 having an orientation opposite to the circulation of the second fluid F2, and disturbing at least the circulation of the second fluid F2 at the level of the periphery 35p of the channel 35.
  • the protuberances 5 are arranged in transverse rows, arranged parallel to the direction of circulation of the second fluid F2, in the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the hollow element 31 has two channels 35 separated from each other by a dividing wall 36 and the arrangement of the protuberances 5 in each transverse row carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 is non-symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36.
  • the arrangement of the protuberances 5 in each transverse row carried by each channel 35 of the hollow element 31 can be symmetrical with respect to the partition wall 36.
  • the hollow element 31 has two channels 35 separated from each other by a partition wall 36.
  • the temperature at this partition wall 36 decreases due in particular to the absence of first fluid Fl circulating at this level of the hollow element 31.
  • the conformation of the protuberances 5 makes it possible to improve the heat exchange capacities between the first Fl and second F2 fluids within the heat exchange bundle 3 shown in reference to FIG. 3 and therefore to the heat exchanger 1 shown with reference to FIG. 1.
  • This improvement in the heat exchange capacities between the first Fluid F1 and second F2 is in particular due to the variation of s disturbances in the flow of the second fluid F2 in the space 37 which allows a better homogenization of its temperature and therefore allows an improvement of its exchange capacities
  • this variation in the pressure drop of the second fluid F2 due to the conformation of the protuberances 5 also makes it possible to modulate the speed of passage of the second fluid F2 in the space 37 defined between the hollow elements 31, and in particular to slow down this speed of circulation at the level of the center 35c of the channel 35 which also contributes to the improvement of the heat exchanges between the first F1 and second F2 fluids.
  • Such a heat exchange bundle 3 therefore allows better regulation of the temperature of the first fluid F1 in the particular examples of FIGS. 8 to 10 in which the temperature of the first fluid Fl is greater than the temperature of the second fluid F2, the exchange thermal therefore taking place from the first fluid Fl to the second fluid F2.
  • the manufacturing method 100 comprises a step E1 of producing protuberances 5 on at least one face of at least one hollow element 31. These protuberances 5 can be produced directly on at least one face of the at least one hollow element. 31 or be made upstream on the strip 7 (visible in Figures 4A and 4B).
  • the protuberances 5 When the protuberances 5 are produced directly on the hollow element 31, they can be produced by deformation, and in particular by stamping, of a surface of the first 33a and / or second 33b face of the hollow element 31. Such a face preparation of the protuberances 5 is quick to implement and also allows the first fluid F1 to pass inside these protuberances 5, which makes it possible to improve the heat exchanges between the first F1 and second F2 fluids when they pass through the heat exchange bundle 3.
  • the protuberances 5 can be made on the hollow element 31 by adding material to a surface of the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31.
  • Such additions of material can for example be made by a cold metallization process, or also by a direct metal deposition process, on this surface and in particular on the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31.
  • Such embodiments of the protuberances by additive processes make it possible to have for example access to complex shapes for these protuberances which would only be difficult to access by a stamping process, or even to give the protuberances 5 thus produced specific properties.
  • the cold metallization process can involve the use of a mask in order to be able to define sections of particular shapes for these protuberances.
  • the cold metallization process corresponds to the projection of a material on the surface in order to allow the formation of protuberances 5.
  • the cold metallization process uses a gas under a pressure which may be between 5 bars and 50 bars and at a temperature which may be less than or equal to 1100 ° C.
  • the projection temperature of the material must be lower than the melting point of this material in order to avoid any crystalline modification or even any oxidation thereof.
  • the use of pressurized gas makes it possible to give a sufficient speed to this material so that it undergoes a plastic deformation at the time of its impact on the hollow element 31 and forms the protuberance 5 by accumulation of material linked to this. plastic deformation.
  • the gas used for this cold metallization process can for example be chosen from argon, helium, hydrogen, alone or as a mixture.
  • the cold metallization process can implement a first sub-step of spraying particles composed of a first material followed by a second sub-step of spraying a second material, different from first material, on the surface of the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31.
  • the second material can have brazing properties superior to those of the first material in order to facilitate a subsequent step of this process 100.
  • the first and second materials intended to form the protuberances 5 must have sufficient chemical compatibility to ensure the mechanical retention of the heat exchange bundle 3. It is thus possible to modify certain physicochemical properties of the protuberances. 5.
  • the direct metal deposition process uses a laser whose power can be between 0.3 kW and 4 kW.
  • the direct metal deposition process corresponds to the projection of a powder on the surface of the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 then to the irradiation of this powder using the laser. in order to allow the merger of the latter.
  • This direct metal deposition process makes it possible to produce protuberances 5 on the first 33a and / or the second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 having small thicknesses, and in particular being able to reach thicknesses of the order of 0.2 mm.
  • the protuberances 5 can be produced on the strip 7
  • the production step E1 of the protuberances 5 comprises a first sub-step of forming the protuberances on the strip 7 then a second sub-step of positioning this strip 7 having the protrusions 5 on the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31.
  • the second sub-step of positioning this strip 7 corresponds to the arrangement of this strip 7 facing the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31.
  • This strip 7 is therefore disposed opposite the at least one face of the at least one hollow element 31 intended to present the pr otuberances 5 and so that the protuberances 5 extend into the space 37 defined for the passage of the second fluid F2.
  • the manufacturing process 100 then implements a step of preparing a stack E2.
  • This stack comprises at least two hollow elements 31 superimposed.
  • This stack comprises at least one hollow element 31 having at least one face comprising a plurality of protuberances 5.
  • this stack further comprises the strip 7 arranged between the hollow elements 31 intended to present the protuberances 5.
  • the manufacturing process 100 then implements a heating step and
  • the manufacturing process 100 is simple and quick to implement. work, in particular due to the reduction of the constituent elements of the heat exchange bundle 3 of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the strip 7 having the protuberances 5, when present, is brazed to the faces of the elements hollow 31 presenting it during this heating and compression step E3.
  • the stack may further comprise two end elements 38, 39 (visible in FIG. 1) arranged on either side of the superposition of hollow elements 31 and parallel to these hollow elements 31.
  • Each end element 38, 39 has a face disposed opposite a first 33a or second 33b face of a hollow element 31.
  • at least one end element 38, 39 may have a plurality of protuberances 5 arranged on the face disposed opposite a hollow element 31.
  • the protuberances 5 can be produced directly on the end element 38, 39 or be attached to the end element 38, 39 with the strip 7 described above by example.
  • protrusions 5 When the protrusions 5 are made directly on the end element 38, 39, these protrusions 5 can be produced by deformation of a surface of the face of the end element 38, 39 arranged in sight of the hollow elements 31 or by depositing material on this surface as described above.
  • the manufacturing method 100 may include a final step of fixing (not shown) of the inlet 11 and outlet 13 (visible in FIG. 1) for the first fluid F1.
  • the heat exchanger 1 having a heat exchange bundle 3 as defined above.
  • the presence of protuberances 5 enables at least the various adjacent hollow elements 31 of the heat exchange bundle 3 to be joined together and allows an increase in the heat exchange surface area improving the exchanges between the first F1 and second F2 fluids.
  • the joining of the various adjacent hollow elements 31 of this heat exchange bundle 3 by brazing at the level of the protuberances 5 makes it possible to simplify the structure of the heat exchange bundle 3 and also to ensure good mechanical strength of this heat exchange bundle 3 and therefore the heat exchanger 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP20754336.4A 2019-07-25 2020-07-22 Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeug, und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen wärmetauschers Pending EP4004472A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1908433A FR3099240B1 (fr) 2019-07-25 2019-07-25 Echangeur de chaleur notamment pour véhicule automobile et procédé de fabrication d’un tel échangeur de chaleur
PCT/FR2020/051323 WO2021014092A1 (fr) 2019-07-25 2020-07-22 Echangeur de chaleur notamment pour véhicule automobile et procédé de fabrication d'un tel échangeur de chaleur

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090188655A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Keith Agee Heat exchanger flat tube with oblique elongate dimples
DE202019101397U1 (de) * 2019-03-12 2019-04-01 Mahle International Gmbh Abgaskühler

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3757856A (en) 1971-10-15 1973-09-11 Union Carbide Corp Primary surface heat exchanger and manufacture thereof
WO2009057623A1 (ja) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-07 Calsonic Kansei Corporation 熱交換器
US7913750B2 (en) * 2008-01-09 2011-03-29 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Louvered air center with vortex generating extensions for compact heat exchanger
FR2944591B1 (fr) * 2009-04-17 2012-08-31 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Tube de circulation de fluide refrigerant, faisceau d'echange de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur comportant de tels tubes
ES2406184B1 (es) * 2011-12-01 2014-04-29 Valeo Térmico, S. A. Intercambiador de calor para gases, en especial de los gases de escape de un motor
EP2869015B1 (de) 2013-11-05 2017-09-20 MAHLE International GmbH Verfahren zur Verwendung asymmetrisch gewellter Rippen mit Kiemen

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090188655A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Keith Agee Heat exchanger flat tube with oblique elongate dimples
DE202019101397U1 (de) * 2019-03-12 2019-04-01 Mahle International Gmbh Abgaskühler

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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FR3099240B1 (fr) 2021-08-06
WO2021014092A1 (fr) 2021-01-28

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