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EP3949684A1 - Deformable and formable heating mat - Google Patents

Deformable and formable heating mat

Info

Publication number
EP3949684A1
EP3949684A1 EP20726220.5A EP20726220A EP3949684A1 EP 3949684 A1 EP3949684 A1 EP 3949684A1 EP 20726220 A EP20726220 A EP 20726220A EP 3949684 A1 EP3949684 A1 EP 3949684A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
mat
matrix
heating element
heating mat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20726220.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3949684B1 (en
Inventor
Steven Gérard Joseph BIENVENU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Aircraft Engines SAS filed Critical Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Publication of EP3949684A1 publication Critical patent/EP3949684A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3949684B1 publication Critical patent/EP3949684B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/004—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using zigzag layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of heating devices and in particular to deformable and conformable heating mats, intended to allow a supply of heat to mechanical parts, in particular during the production thereof.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a heating mat.
  • Heating mats are conventionally controlled by a heating unit making it possible in particular to manage the different heating cycles, in particular: the rate of temperature rise, the level temperature (generally maximum 200 ° C), the duration of the level as well as the rate of temperature drop.
  • these heating mats consist of a matrix of elastic material (for example silicone) through which heating resistors circulate in the form of resistive filaments connected by a wire to the management unit.
  • elastic material for example silicone
  • the present applicant has therefore set himself the objective in particular of presenting a heating mat making it possible to manufacture / finish a part made of composite material having a complex shape and / or outline and / or comprising at least one angle and / or or an edge without risking damage to said heating mat.
  • a heating mat comprising a matrix of elastic material, said matrix being traversed by at least one heating element connected to a power source,
  • the mat has at least one cavity passing right through the die, said cavity being intended to accommodate the heating element
  • each heating element is able to move within said at least one cavity
  • Each heating element has a zigzag or spiral shape.
  • the invention also takes into account one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
  • each heating element is heat treated
  • each heating element is curved
  • At least one heating element is a resistive filament
  • the mat is elastically deformable at an angle of the order of 90 ° without compromising the proper functioning of the at least one resistive filament
  • the heating mat can extend at least twice its length in all directions without compromising the proper functioning of the at least one resistive filament
  • the elastic material is, for example, a silicone
  • the mat comprises several cavities and each receiving a heating element.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heating mat made of an elastic material matrix comprising the following steps:
  • the process can also include one or more of the following steps:
  • each heating element is heat treated before insertion into at least one protection forming the wall of the tube
  • each heating element is bent before insertion into the at least one protection forming the wall of the tube
  • At least one protection forming the wall of the tube is made of Teflon ® .
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heating mat according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a heating mat according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a heating mat 10 according to the invention.
  • the heating mat 10 conventionally has dimensions of 10 cm by 10 cm. up to 60 by 60cm.
  • the heating mat 10 can also be rectangular or circular in shape with dimensions of up to 60 cm in side or in diameter.
  • each heating mat 10 is connected to an electrical power source 12, more particularly to a heating cycle management unit 12 presenting the usual possibilities of management units already present on the market, as described in the introduction. . It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the heating mat 10 is flexible and can be folded at various angles. The heating mat 10 can also be stretched.
  • the heating mat 10 has an inhomogeneous internal structure. Indeed, it can be seen that the heating mat 10 has a matrix 14 made of elastic material, for example silicone, in which at least one cavity 16 is provided and which passes right through the matrix 14. Silicone has, depending on its vulcanization temperature, certain particular and specific properties.
  • each cavity 16 thus extends from a first edge B1 of the heating mat 10 to an opposite edge B2 of said heating mat. Between the edges B1 and B2, the cavity 16 changes direction several times, so as to present a non-linear path, preferably rounded or undulating. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that each cavity 16 has, alternately, four curvatures between the edges B1 and B2.
  • each cavity 16 undulates in a three-dimensional space within the heating mat 10.
  • Each cavity 16 has a circular section of 3 to 5 mm in diameter so as to form a kind of tube. It has a wall 17 made of Teflon ® (polytetrafluoroethylene - PTFE), or any other material allowing the two sheets of silicone does not adhere to one another, such as high temperature polypropylene. It also has an undulating pattern and is separated from its two neighboring cavities 16 by a layer of at least 3 mm of matrix 14. Each cavity 16 can have a single pattern. Each cavity 16 is sufficiently wide to accommodate a heating element 18. In the case illustrated in FIG. 2, it is a resistive filament 18. Each cavity 16 is thus sufficiently wide to allow movement, without risk of damage. within said cavity 16, the resistive filament 18 received. The resistive filaments 18 are connected to the management unit 12. This control unit management 12 conventionally sends temperature setpoints in the form of electrical signals through resistive filaments 18.
  • each resistive filament 18 is bent: it has a zigzag or spiral shape (of the corkscrew type). Each resistive filament 18 can thus move and stretch within the cavity 16, allowing a greater possibility of adaptation and positioning when the heating mat 10 is stretched and / or folded.
  • Each resistive filament 18 has a non-rectilinear path within the cavity (16).
  • the risk of breaking one of the resistive filaments 18 is thus reduced compared to a conventional heating mat structure in which the filaments are inserted in a straight and linear manner within the silicone matrix 14.
  • the resistive filaments 18 can, for example be composed of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr).
  • each resistive filament 18 is also heat treated after bending in order to further reduce their risk of breakage.
  • the heat treatment typically consists of heating to 1200 ° C for 5 to 6 hours.
  • This treatment of the resistive filaments 18 makes it possible to bring the characteristics of deformation and elasticity of the heating mat 10 closer to those of a matrix 14 of pure silicone.
  • the heating mat 10 is elastically deformable at an angle of 90 ° without compromising the proper functioning of the resistive filaments 18.
  • the heating mat 10 according to the invention can extend at least twice its length in all directions without compromising the correct operation of the resistive filaments 18.
  • correct operation of the filaments 18 is meant the absence breakage or damage no longer allowing the temperature setpoints from the management unit to be conveyed without hindrance.
  • the heating mat 10 is thus conformable to any type of part / contour and deformable to a sufficient extent to allow its use in connection with parts of complex shapes / contours, such as parts of turbomachines (for example flanges, housings, etc. blades, etc ).
  • the heating mat 10 is manufactured according to a process which has five steps:
  • Teflon ® protection form the wall 17 of a corrugated tube
  • the resistive filaments 18 are locked in the cavities 16, protected in all directions by the walls of Teflon ® 17 and the layers of the matrix 14 of silicone layers which now form one heating mat 10 uni.
  • vulcanization is meant a heat treatment above 200 ° C. over a few tens of minutes. This step adapts depending on the types of silicone used to create the matrix 14.
  • the heating mat according to the invention 10 is more flexible and more extensible and it is, therefore, easier to apply it to complex shapes / contours including in particular edges.
  • the resistive filaments 18 are no longer the fuses of the system: the heating mat 10 can be extended in all three dimensions and within the elastic limits of the silicone.
  • the possibilities of use are widely extended and all the processes for using a material requiring a supply of heat can benefit from this technical improvement.
  • a conformable and deformable heating mat 10 makes it possible in particular to dispense with an autoclave or an oven in certain cases: composite lamination, gluing, preheating before welding or brazing, expansion of a part. before tight or crimped assembly.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a silicon heating mat (10), said mat (10) being formable and deformable and comprising a matrix (14) made of elastic material, in which at least one cavity (16) is arranged that fully passes through the matrix (14), said at least one cavity (16) being intended to accommodate a resistive filament (18) connected to a heating cycles management unit (12). Furthermore, said at least one cavity (16) has an undulating layout, with each resistive filament (18) being able to move inside said at least one cavity (16), and each resistive filament (18) having a zigzag or spiral shape.

Description

TAPIS CHAUFFANT DÉFORMABLE ET CONFORMABLE DEFORMABLE AND CONFORMABLE HEATING MAT
1. Domaine de l’invention 1. Field of the invention
La présente invention concerne le domaine des dispositifs chauffants et en particulier des tapis chauffants déformables et conformables, destinés à permettre un apport de chaleur à des pièces mécaniques, en particulier au cours de la réalisation de celles-ci. La présente invention vise également un procédé de fabrication d’un tel tapis chauffant. The present invention relates to the field of heating devices and in particular to deformable and conformable heating mats, intended to allow a supply of heat to mechanical parts, in particular during the production thereof. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a heating mat.
2. Etat de la technique 2. State of the art
L’arrière-plan technique est illustré par les documents DE-U1 -20 201 1 003 742, US-A-5 002 335, US-A1 -201 1 1 14 619, FR-A-1 031 1 19 et KR-A-2013 008 14 52. The technical background is illustrated by documents DE-U1 -20 201 1 003 742, US-A-5 002 335, US-A1 -201 1 1 14 619, FR-A-1 031 1 19 and KR- A-2013 008 14 52.
Aujourd’hui, dans le cadre de la fabrication de composés en matériaux composites, il est usuel d’utiliser des tapis chauffants pour permettre les étapes de polymérisations. Les tapis chauffants sont classiquement pilotés par une centrale de chauffage permettant notamment de gérer les différents cycles de chauffage, en particulier : la vitesse de montée en température, la température en palier (en général maximum 200°C), la durée du palier ainsi que la vitesse de descente en température. Today, in the manufacture of compounds from composite materials, it is customary to use heating mats to allow the polymerization steps. Heating mats are conventionally controlled by a heating unit making it possible in particular to manage the different heating cycles, in particular: the rate of temperature rise, the level temperature (generally maximum 200 ° C), the duration of the level as well as the rate of temperature drop.
De manière classique et connue en soi, ces tapis chauffants sont constitués d’une matrice de matériau élastique (par exemple du silicone) au travers de laquelle circulent des résistances chauffantes sous forme de filaments résistifs reliées par un fil à la centrale de gestion. In a conventional manner known per se, these heating mats consist of a matrix of elastic material (for example silicone) through which heating resistors circulate in the form of resistive filaments connected by a wire to the management unit.
Les tapis chauffants de l’état de l’art présentent toutefois deux principaux inconvénients : State-of-the-art heating mats, however, have two main drawbacks:
- ils ne sont pas extensibles, ou dans des proportions relativement basses : en général 30 % dans une direction privilégiée, - they are not extensible, or in relatively low proportions: generally 30% in a preferred direction,
- ils sont conformables sur des formes en deux dimensions, mais pas sur des géométries complexes ou présentant des angles trop importants, par exemple des angles droits ou des angles aigus, rendant impossible de les faire suivre et s’ajuster à un coin ou une arête. - they are conformable on two-dimensional shapes, but not on complex geometries or having too large angles, for example right angles or acute angles, making it impossible to make them follow and fit to a corner or an edge .
Dans l’état actuel de la technique, si un tapis chauffant est utilisé pour la fabrication/finalisation d’une pièce complexe (par exemple en 3 dimensions ou présentant des arêtes) alors le risque que le tapis chauffant ne suive pas correctement la forme et/ou le contour de la pièce en question est important. Le risque d’endommagement du tapis est également élevé : en effet, si ledit tapis chauffant est mis sous pression pour être maintenu en position (par exemple au moyen d’une bâche à vide) le long du contour de la pièce à fabriquer/finaliser, alors les filaments résistifs risquent de rompre. Ces ruptures ont pour conséquence de mener à la défaillance du tapis. In the current state of the art, if a heating mat is used for the fabrication / finalization of a complex part (for example in 3 dimensions or having ridges) then the risk that the heating mat does not follow the shape correctly and / or the contour of the part in question is important. The risk of damaging the mat is also high: indeed, if said heating mat is pressurized to be held in position (for example by means of a vacuum tank) along the contour of the part to be manufactured / finalized, then the resistive filaments risk breaking . These breaks have the consequence of leading to the failure of the belt.
3. Objectif de l’invention 3. Objective of the invention
Le présent déposant s’est donc fixé notamment comme objectif de présenter un tapis chauffant permettant d’assurer la fabrication/finition d’une pièce en matériau composite présentant une forme et/ou un contour complexe et/ou comportant au moins un angle et/ou une arête sans risquer d’endommager ledit tapis chauffant. The present applicant has therefore set himself the objective in particular of presenting a heating mat making it possible to manufacture / finish a part made of composite material having a complex shape and / or outline and / or comprising at least one angle and / or or an edge without risking damage to said heating mat.
4. Exposé de l’invention 4. Disclosure of the invention
On parvient à cet objectif conformément à l’invention grâce à un tapis chauffant comportant une matrice en matériau élastique, ladite matrice étant traversée par au moins un élément de chauffage connecté à une source d’alimentation, This objective is achieved in accordance with the invention by means of a heating mat comprising a matrix of elastic material, said matrix being traversed by at least one heating element connected to a power source,
caractérisé en ce que : characterized in that:
- le tapis comporte au moins une cavité traversant la matrice de part en part, ladite cavité étant destinée à accueillir l’élément de chauffage, - the mat has at least one cavity passing right through the die, said cavity being intended to accommodate the heating element,
- ladite au moins une cavité présente un tracé ondulant, - said at least one cavity has an undulating path,
- chaque élément de chauffage est apte à se mouvoir au sein de ladite au moins une cavité, et - each heating element is able to move within said at least one cavity, and
- chaque élément de chauffage présente une forme de zigzag ou de spirale. - Each heating element has a zigzag or spiral shape.
Ainsi, cette solution permet d’atteindre l’objectif susmentionné. En particulier, à la fois le tracé des cavités (permettant à celles-ci de se déformer et de s’étendre), et la forme des éléments de chauffage (permettant également à ceux-ci de s’étirer et de se déformer au sein de chaque cavité sans risque d’endommagement), permettent de rapprocher les propriétés élastiques du tapis chauffant de celles d’une matrice de matériau élastique pur, permettant de plus grandes déformations. Thus, this solution achieves the above objective. In particular, both the layout of the cavities (allowing them to deform and expand), and the shape of the heating elements (also allowing these to stretch and deform within of each cavity without risk of damage), make it possible to bring the elastic properties of the heating mat closer to those of a matrix of pure elastic material, allowing greater deformations.
L’invention prend en compte également l’une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison : The invention also takes into account one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
- chaque élément de chauffage est traité thermiquement, - each heating element is heat treated,
- chaque élément de chauffage est cintré, - each heating element is curved,
- l’au moins un élément de chauffage est un filament résistif, - at least one heating element is a resistive filament,
- le tapis est déformable élastiquement selon un angle de l’ordre de 90° sans compromettre le bon fonctionnement de l’au moins un filament résistif, - le tapis chauffant peut s’étendre d’au moins deux fois sa longueur dans toutes les directions sans compromettre le bon fonctionnement de l’au moins un filament résistif,- the mat is elastically deformable at an angle of the order of 90 ° without compromising the proper functioning of the at least one resistive filament, - the heating mat can extend at least twice its length in all directions without compromising the proper functioning of the at least one resistive filament,
- le matériau élastique est, par exemple, un silicone, - the elastic material is, for example, a silicone,
- le tapis comprend plusieurs cavités et chacune recevant un élément de chauffage. - The mat comprises several cavities and each receiving a heating element.
L’invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d’un tapis chauffant en matrice de matériau élastique comportant les étapes suivantes : The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heating mat made of an elastic material matrix comprising the following steps:
- dépôt d’une première couche de matrice de matériau élastique non vulcanisé dans un moule, - depositing a first matrix layer of unvulcanized elastic material in a mold,
- dépôt, en travers de cette première couche de matrice de matériau élastique non vulcanisé, d’au moins une protection formant paroi d’un tube ondulé, - deposit, across this first matrix layer of unvulcanized elastic material, of at least one protection forming the wall of a corrugated tube,
- insertion, dans chaque protection, d’un élément de chauffage, - insertion, in each protection, of a heating element,
- dépôt d’une deuxième couche de matrice de matériau élastique non vulcanisée, - deposition of a second layer of unvulcanized elastic material matrix,
- vulcanisation de l’ensemble de manière à ce que les deux couches de matériau élastique ne forment plus qu’une unique matrice unie et continue. - vulcanization of the whole so that the two layers of elastic material no longer form a single united and continuous matrix.
Le procédé peut également comporter l’une ou plusieurs des étapes suivantes :The process can also include one or more of the following steps:
- chaque élément de chauffage est traité thermiquement avant insertion dans l’au moins une protection formant paroi du tube, - each heating element is heat treated before insertion into at least one protection forming the wall of the tube,
- chaque élément de chauffage est cintré avant insertion dans l’au moins une protection formant paroi du tube, - each heating element is bent before insertion into the at least one protection forming the wall of the tube,
- l’au moins une protection formant paroi du tube est en Téflon®. - at least one protection forming the wall of the tube is made of Teflon ® .
5. Brève description des figures 5. Brief description of the figures
L’invention sera mieux comprise, et d’autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre, de modes de réalisation de l’invention donnés à titre d’exemples purement illustratifs et non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés dans lesquels : The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will emerge more clearly on reading the detailed explanatory description which follows, of embodiments of the invention given by way of illustration. purely illustrative and non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d’un tapis chauffant selon l’invention, - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heating mat according to the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe schématique d’un tapis chauffant selon l’invention. - Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a heating mat according to the invention.
6. Description de modes de réalisation de l’invention 6. Description of embodiments of the invention
La figure 1 montre un tapis chauffant 10 selon l’invention. En général de forme carrée, le tapis chauffant 10 présente classiquement des dimensions de 10 cm par 10 cm jusqu’à 60 par 60cm. Le tapis chauffant 10 peut également être de forme rectangulaire ou circulaire avec des dimensions allant jusqu’à 60 cm de côté ou de diamètre. Figure 1 shows a heating mat 10 according to the invention. Generally square in shape, the heating mat 10 conventionally has dimensions of 10 cm by 10 cm. up to 60 by 60cm. The heating mat 10 can also be rectangular or circular in shape with dimensions of up to 60 cm in side or in diameter.
On peut voir que chaque tapis chauffant 10 est relié à une source d’alimentation électrique 12, plus particulièrement à une centrale de gestion de cycles de chauffages 12 présentant les possibilités usuelles des centrales de gestion déjà présentes sur le marché, tel que décrit en introduction. On voit, sur la figure 1 , que le tapis chauffant 10 est flexible et peut être plié selon des angles variés. Le tapis chauffant 10 peut également être étiré. It can be seen that each heating mat 10 is connected to an electrical power source 12, more particularly to a heating cycle management unit 12 presenting the usual possibilities of management units already present on the market, as described in the introduction. . It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the heating mat 10 is flexible and can be folded at various angles. The heating mat 10 can also be stretched.
Sur la figure 2, on peut voir que le tapis chauffant 10 selon l’invention présente une structure interne inhomogène. En effet, on constate que le tapis chauffant 10 présente une matrice 14 en matériau élastique, par exemple en silicone, dans laquelle est ménagée au moins une cavité 16 et traversant la matrice 14 de part en part. Le silicone a, en fonction de sa température de vulcanisation, certaines propriétés particulières et spécifiques. In Figure 2, it can be seen that the heating mat 10 according to the invention has an inhomogeneous internal structure. Indeed, it can be seen that the heating mat 10 has a matrix 14 made of elastic material, for example silicone, in which at least one cavity 16 is provided and which passes right through the matrix 14. Silicone has, depending on its vulcanization temperature, certain particular and specific properties.
Comme visible sur la figure 2, chaque cavité 16 s’étend ainsi d’un premier bord B1 du tapis chauffant 10 vers un bord opposé B2 dudit tapis chauffant. Entre les bords B1 et B2, la cavité 16 change plusieurs fois de direction, de manière à présenter un tracé non linéaire, de préférence arrondi ou ondulant. On peut voir sur la figure 2 que chaque cavité 16 présente, alternativement, quatre courbures entre les bords B1 et B2. As visible in Figure 2, each cavity 16 thus extends from a first edge B1 of the heating mat 10 to an opposite edge B2 of said heating mat. Between the edges B1 and B2, the cavity 16 changes direction several times, so as to present a non-linear path, preferably rounded or undulating. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that each cavity 16 has, alternately, four curvatures between the edges B1 and B2.
Le tracé de chaque cavité 16 est ondulant dans un espace tridimensionnel au sein du tapis chauffant 10. The outline of each cavity 16 undulates in a three-dimensional space within the heating mat 10.
Chaque cavité 16 présente une section circulaire de 3 a 5 mm de diamètre de manière à former une sorte de tube. Elle présente une paroi 17 en Téflon® (polytétrafluoroéthylène - PTFE) ou en tout autres matériaux permettant aux deux feuilles de silicone de ne pas adhérer entre elles, comme par exemple du polypropylène haute température. Elle présente en outre un tracé ondulant et est séparée de ses deux cavités 16 voisines par une couche de minimum 3 mm de matrice 14. Chaque cavité 16 peut présenter un tracé unique. Chaque cavité 16 est suffisamment large pour accueillir un élément de chauffage 18. Dans le cas illustré en figure 2, il s’agit d’un filament résistif 18. Chaque cavité 16 est ainsi suffisamment large pour permettre le déplacement, sans risques d’endommagements au sein de ladite cavité 16, du filament résistif 18 accueilli. Les filaments résistifs 18 sont connectés à la centrale de gestion 12. Cette centrale de gestion 12 envoie classiquement des consignes de température sous forme de signaux électriques au travers des filaments résistifs 18. Each cavity 16 has a circular section of 3 to 5 mm in diameter so as to form a kind of tube. It has a wall 17 made of Teflon ® (polytetrafluoroethylene - PTFE), or any other material allowing the two sheets of silicone does not adhere to one another, such as high temperature polypropylene. It also has an undulating pattern and is separated from its two neighboring cavities 16 by a layer of at least 3 mm of matrix 14. Each cavity 16 can have a single pattern. Each cavity 16 is sufficiently wide to accommodate a heating element 18. In the case illustrated in FIG. 2, it is a resistive filament 18. Each cavity 16 is thus sufficiently wide to allow movement, without risk of damage. within said cavity 16, the resistive filament 18 received. The resistive filaments 18 are connected to the management unit 12. This control unit management 12 conventionally sends temperature setpoints in the form of electrical signals through resistive filaments 18.
On constate également que chaque filament résistif 18 est cintré : il présente une forme de zigzag ou de spirale (de type tire-bouchon). Chaque filament résistif 18 peut ainsi se mouvoir et s’étirer au sein de la cavité 16, permettant une plus grande possibilité d’adaptation et de positionnement lorsque le tapis chauffant 10 est étiré et/ou plié. It can also be seen that each resistive filament 18 is bent: it has a zigzag or spiral shape (of the corkscrew type). Each resistive filament 18 can thus move and stretch within the cavity 16, allowing a greater possibility of adaptation and positioning when the heating mat 10 is stretched and / or folded.
Chaque filament résistif 18 présente une trajectoire non rectiligne au sein de la cavité (16). Each resistive filament 18 has a non-rectilinear path within the cavity (16).
Le risque de casser l’un des filaments résistifs 18 est ainsi réduit par rapport à une structure de tapis chauffant classique dans laquelle les filaments sont insérés de manière droite et linéaire au sein de la matrice de silicone 14. The risk of breaking one of the resistive filaments 18 is thus reduced compared to a conventional heating mat structure in which the filaments are inserted in a straight and linear manner within the silicone matrix 14.
Les filaments résistifs 18 peuvent, par exemple être composés de Nickel (Ni) et de chrome (Cr). The resistive filaments 18 can, for example be composed of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr).
Selon la présente invention, chaque filament résistif 18 est, également traité thermiquement après cintrage afin de réduire encore davantage leur risque de cassure. Le traitement thermique consiste typiquement en un chauffage à 1200°C pendant 5 à 6 heures. According to the present invention, each resistive filament 18 is also heat treated after bending in order to further reduce their risk of breakage. The heat treatment typically consists of heating to 1200 ° C for 5 to 6 hours.
Ce traitement des filaments résistifs 18 permet de rapprocher les caractéristiques de déformation et d’élasticité du tapis chauffant 10 de celles d’une matrice 14 de silicone pure. En effet, suite à ce traitement et cette disposition des filaments résistifs 18 au sein de la matrice 14 du tapis chauffant 10, le tapis chauffant 10 est déformable élastiquement selon un angle de 90° sans compromettre le bon fonctionnement des filaments résistif 18. De même, le tapis chauffant 10 selon l’invention peut s’étendre d’au moins deux fois sa longueur dans toutes les directions sans non plus compromettre le bon fonctionnement des filaments résistifs 18. Par « bon fonctionnement des filaments 18 » on entend l’absence de cassure ou d’endommagement ne permettant plus de véhiculer sans encombres les consignes de température issues de la centrale de gestion 12. This treatment of the resistive filaments 18 makes it possible to bring the characteristics of deformation and elasticity of the heating mat 10 closer to those of a matrix 14 of pure silicone. In fact, following this treatment and this arrangement of the resistive filaments 18 within the matrix 14 of the heating mat 10, the heating mat 10 is elastically deformable at an angle of 90 ° without compromising the proper functioning of the resistive filaments 18. Similarly , the heating mat 10 according to the invention can extend at least twice its length in all directions without compromising the correct operation of the resistive filaments 18. By "correct operation of the filaments 18" is meant the absence breakage or damage no longer allowing the temperature setpoints from the management unit to be conveyed without hindrance.
Le tapis chauffant 10 est ainsi conformable à tout type de pièce/contour et déformable dans une ampleur suffisante pour permettre son utilisation en rapport avec des pièces de formes/contours complexes, telles que des pièces de turbomachines (par exemple des brides, des carters, des aubes, etc...). Le tapis chauffant 10 est fabriqué selon un procédé qui compte cinq étapes : The heating mat 10 is thus conformable to any type of part / contour and deformable to a sufficient extent to allow its use in connection with parts of complex shapes / contours, such as parts of turbomachines (for example flanges, housings, etc. blades, etc ...). The heating mat 10 is manufactured according to a process which has five steps:
- dépôt d’une première couche de matrice 14 de silicone non vulcanisé dans un moule, - deposition of a first matrix layer 14 of unvulcanized silicone in a mold,
- dépôt, en travers de cette première couche de silicone 14 non vulcanisé, d’une protection en Téflon® ou en tout autres matériaux permettant aux deux feuilles de silicone de ne pas adhérer entre elles, par exemple du polypropylène haute température. La protection en Téflon® forme paroi 17 d’un tube ondulé, - supply, across said first layer of silicone 14 unvulcanised, a protective Teflon ® or any other material allowing the two sheets of silicone does not adhere to one another, for example high temperature polypropylene. Teflon ® protection form the wall 17 of a corrugated tube,
- insertion, dans chaque protection en Téflon®, d’un filament résistif 18 cintré et traité thermiquement, - insertion, in each Teflon ® protection, of a bent and heat-treated resistive 18 filament,
- dépôt d’une deuxième couche de matrice 14 de silicone non vulcanisée, - deposition of a second layer of matrix 14 of unvulcanized silicone,
- vulcanisation de l’ensemble 10 de manière à ce que les deux couches de silicones ne forment plus qu’une unique matrice 14 unie et continue. - vulcanization of the assembly 10 so that the two layers of silicones no longer form a single united and continuous matrix 14.
De cette manière, en fin de procédé, les filaments résistifs 18 sont enfermés dans les cavités 16, protégés en toutes directions par les parois de Téflon® 17 et les couches de la matrice 14 de silicone, couches qui ne forment dorénavant plus qu’un tapis chauffant 10 uni. In this manner, the end of the method, the resistive filaments 18 are locked in the cavities 16, protected in all directions by the walls of Teflon ® 17 and the layers of the matrix 14 of silicone layers which now form one heating mat 10 uni.
Par vulcanisation, on entend un traitement thermique au-delà de 200°C sur quelques dizaines de minutes. Cette étape s’adapte suivant les types de silicone utilisés pour créer la matrice 14. By vulcanization is meant a heat treatment above 200 ° C. over a few tens of minutes. This step adapts depending on the types of silicone used to create the matrix 14.
Dans ces conditions de réalisation, le tapis chauffant selon l’invention 10 est plus souple et plus extensible et il est, par conséquent, plus facile de l’appliquer sur des formes/contours complexes incluant notamment des arêtes. Les filaments résistifs 18 ne sont plus les fusibles du système : le tapis chauffant 10 peut être étendu dans les trois dimensions et dans les limites élastiques du silicone. Ainsi les possibilités d’utilisation sont largement étendues et tous les procédés de mise en œuvre d’un matériau nécessitant un apport de chaleur peuvent bénéficier de cette amélioration technique. Même si la pièce est géométriquement complexe, un tapis chauffant 10 conformable et déformable permet notamment de s’affranchir d’un autoclave ou d’une étuve dans certains cas : stratification composite, collage, préchauffage avant soudage ou brasage, dilatation d’une pièce avant montage serré ou serti. Under these conditions of realization, the heating mat according to the invention 10 is more flexible and more extensible and it is, therefore, easier to apply it to complex shapes / contours including in particular edges. The resistive filaments 18 are no longer the fuses of the system: the heating mat 10 can be extended in all three dimensions and within the elastic limits of the silicone. Thus, the possibilities of use are widely extended and all the processes for using a material requiring a supply of heat can benefit from this technical improvement. Even if the part is geometrically complex, a conformable and deformable heating mat 10 makes it possible in particular to dispense with an autoclave or an oven in certain cases: composite lamination, gluing, preheating before welding or brazing, expansion of a part. before tight or crimped assembly.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Tapis chauffant (10) comportant une matrice (14) en matériau élastique, ladite matrice (14) étant traversée par au moins un élément de chauffage (18) connecté à une source d’alimentation (12), 1. Heating mat (10) comprising a matrix (14) of elastic material, said matrix (14) being traversed by at least one heating element (18) connected to a power source (12),
caractérisé en ce que characterized in that
- le tapis (10) comporte au moins une cavité (16) traversant la matrice (14) de part en part, ladite cavité (16) étant destinée à accueillir l’élément de chauffage (18) et présentant un tracé ondulant, et - the mat (10) comprises at least one cavity (16) passing right through the die (14), said cavity (16) being intended to accommodate the heating element (18) and having an undulating path, and
- chaque élément de chauffage (18) est apte à se mouvoir au sein de ladite au moins une cavité (16), et présente une forme de zigzag ou de spirale. - Each heating element (18) is able to move within said at least one cavity (16), and has a zigzag or spiral shape.
2. Tapis chauffant (10) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément de chauffage (18) est traité thermiquement. 2. Heating mat (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each heating element (18) is heat treated.
3. Tapis chauffant (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément de chauffage (18) est cintré. 3. Heating mat (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each heating element (18) is bent.
4. Tapis chauffant (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l’au moins un élément de chauffage (18) est un filament résistif. 4. Heating mat (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one heating element (18) is a resistive filament.
5. Tapis chauffant (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit tapis (10) est déformable élastiquement selon un angle de l’ordre de 90° sans compromettre le bon fonctionnement de l’au moins un filament résistif (18). 5. Heating mat (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said mat (10) is elastically deformable at an angle of the order of 90 ° without compromising the proper functioning of the at least one filament. resistive (18).
6. Tapis chauffant (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tapis chauffant (10) peut s’étendre d’au moins deux fois sa longueur dans toutes les directions sans compromettre le bon fonctionnement de l’au moins un filament résistif (18). 6. Heating mat (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating mat (10) can extend at least twice its length in all directions without compromising the proper functioning of the. at least one resistive filament (18).
7. Procédé de fabrication d’un tapis chauffant (10) en matrice (14) de matériau élastique selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé comporte les étapes suivantes : - dépôt d’une première couche de matrice (14) de matériau élastique non vulcanisé dans un moule, 7. A method of manufacturing a heating mat (10) in a matrix (14) of elastic material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said method comprises the following steps: - deposition of a first matrix layer (14) of unvulcanized elastic material in a mold,
- dépôt, en travers de cette première couche de matrice (14) de matériau élastique non vulcanisé, d’au moins une protection formant paroi (17) d’un tube ondulé, - insertion, dans chaque protection, d’un élément de chauffage (18), - deposit, across this first matrix layer (14) of unvulcanized elastic material, of at least one protection forming a wall (17) of a corrugated tube, - insertion, in each protection, of a heating element (18),
- dépôt d’une deuxième couche de matrice (14) de matériau élastique non vulcanisé, - deposition of a second matrix layer (14) of unvulcanized elastic material,
- vulcanisation de l’ensemble (10) de manière à ce que la première et deuxième couche ne forment plus qu’une unique matrice (14) unie et continue. - vulcanization of the assembly (10) so that the first and second layer no longer form a single matrix (14) united and continuous.
8. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément de chauffage (18) est traité thermiquement avant insertion dans l’au moins une protection formant paroi (17) du tube. 8. Manufacturing process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each heating element (18) is heat treated before insertion into the at least one wall protection (17) of the tube.
9. Procédé de fabrication selon l’une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément de chauffage (18) est cintré avant insertion dans l’au moins une protection formant paroi (17) du tube. 9. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that each heating element (18) is bent before insertion into the at least one wall protection (17) of the tube.
10. Procédé de fabrication selon l’une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l’au moins une protection formant paroi (17) du tube est en Téflon®. 10. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the at least one wall forming a protection (17) of the tube is Teflon ®.
EP20726220.5A 2019-03-28 2020-03-16 Deformable and formable heating mat Active EP3949684B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1903212A FR3094609B1 (en) 2019-03-28 2019-03-28 Deformable and conformable heated mat
PCT/FR2020/050569 WO2020193915A1 (en) 2019-03-28 2020-03-16 Deformable and formable heating mat

Publications (2)

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EP3949684A1 true EP3949684A1 (en) 2022-02-09
EP3949684B1 EP3949684B1 (en) 2024-02-21

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US (1) US20220201805A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3949684B1 (en)
CN (1) CN113597816B (en)
CA (1) CA3134067A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3094609B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2020193915A1 (en)

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DE3423999A1 (en) * 1984-01-04 1985-07-11 Calorway Heiz-System Gmbh & Co, 8130 Starnberg Process for producing a heating mat and a heating mat produced therewith
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DE202004003677U1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-08-11 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Electric heater element comprises an electric conductor with a plastic core and an outer cover containing metal which at least partially consists of gold and/or silver
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CN205468674U (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-08-17 廊坊金色时光科技发展有限公司 Seat heating device with cavity overlay type slot

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3094609B1 (en) 2021-04-09
FR3094609A1 (en) 2020-10-02
CN113597816B (en) 2024-09-20
WO2020193915A1 (en) 2020-10-01
US20220201805A1 (en) 2022-06-23
CN113597816A (en) 2021-11-02
CA3134067A1 (en) 2020-10-01
EP3949684B1 (en) 2024-02-21

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