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WO2018002544A2 - Mechanical heat exchanger and associated production method - Google Patents

Mechanical heat exchanger and associated production method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018002544A2
WO2018002544A2 PCT/FR2017/051756 FR2017051756W WO2018002544A2 WO 2018002544 A2 WO2018002544 A2 WO 2018002544A2 FR 2017051756 W FR2017051756 W FR 2017051756W WO 2018002544 A2 WO2018002544 A2 WO 2018002544A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubes
fins
heat exchanger
superposition
row
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2017/051756
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2018002544A3 (en
Inventor
Kamel Azzouz
Patrick Boisselle
Cédric DE VAULX
Erwan ETIENNE
Xavier Marchadier
Véronique MONNET
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR1656126A external-priority patent/FR3053451A1/en
Priority claimed from FR1656125A external-priority patent/FR3053450B1/en
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Publication of WO2018002544A2 publication Critical patent/WO2018002544A2/en
Publication of WO2018002544A3 publication Critical patent/WO2018002544A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0273—Cores having special shape, e.g. curved, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/028—Cores with empty spaces or with additional elements integrated into the cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and more specifically mechanical heat exchangers and their manufacturing process.
  • Mechanical heat exchangers generally comprise tubes parallel to each other, forming a bundle of tubes, and which are introduced into perforated fins.
  • the tubes are for example expanded by mechanical deformation to be maintained in the perforations of the fins. This mechanical deformation is, for example, achieved by inserting into the tube an olive of a diameter greater than that of the orifice of said tube in order to widen it.
  • the ends of the bundle of tubes are connected to collectors formed in particular of a collector plate provided with holes into which the ends of the tubes open.
  • the collector plate is covered with a water box so as to form the collector.
  • the collectors allow the distribution or the recovery of a first heat transfer fluid which passes inside the tubes.
  • a second heat transfer fluid passes between the fins.
  • mechanical heat exchanger By mechanical heat exchanger is meant that the various elements forming the exchanger are mechanically fixed together, for example by crimping.
  • the contact between the tubes and the fins may not be continuous but punctual. This decreases the thermal conductivity between the tubes and the fins and therefore decreases the performance of the heat exchanger.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved mechanical heat exchanger whose performance is increased.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a mechanical heat exchanger comprising:
  • a plurality of superimposed fins through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate said fins having orifices through which the tubes pass,
  • the superposition of fins is mechanically constrained to improve the contact at the interface between the fins and the tubes.
  • the exchanger further comprises at least two collector plates respectively comprising holes into which the ends of the tubes are introduced, a collector plate being disposed at each end of the tubes, and in which the superposition of fins is mechanically constrained in a state of elastic deformation, said fins superposition being maintained in an unstable shape by the collector plates and the tubes so that if said collector plates are removed, the superposition of fins returns to a stable shape.
  • the superposition of fins is maintained in its unstable form applies mechanical stresses at the interface between the fins and the tubes.
  • the superposition of fins is, in its stable form, bent in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid.
  • the holes of the collector plates are aligned so that the tubes form a rectilinear row and that the fins are rectilinear.
  • the exchanger comprises a retaining device configured to mechanically constrain the superposition of fins with a retaining force exerted in the plane of the row of tubes in order to maintain the superposition of fins and / or the tubes. place so as to minimize the buckling of the tubes in the row plane of the tubes due to thermal expansion.
  • the retaining device bears against the outer edges of at least a portion of the fins, in the plane of the row of tubes, on each side of the fins overlay.
  • the heat exchanger further comprises: at least two collector plates respectively comprising holes into which the ends of the tubes are introduced, a collector plate being disposed at each end of the tubes, 0 a water box covering each header plate so as to form a collector adapted to collect or distribute the first heat transfer fluid so that it can move in the tubes,
  • the retaining device comprises a retaining blade disposed on each side of the superposition of fins and fixed at each of these ends to the collectors and resting on the outer edges of the fins over the entire height of the superposition of fins, on each side of the fins overlay.
  • the retaining blades are bent, the convex portion of said retaining blades being directed inwardly of the heat exchanger.
  • the ends of the retaining blades are fixed on the collector plate.
  • the retaining blades are fixed by elastic casing at the water boxes of the collectors.
  • the collector plates comprise at each of their ends, in the plane of the row of tubes, recesses extending towards the opposite collector, said recesses holding the retaining blades against the outer edges of the fins.
  • the fins have notches on their outer edges in the plane of the row of tubes, the retaining blades being inserted into said notches.
  • the retaining blades comprise, in the plane of the row of tubes, deflectors extending outwardly of said heat exchanger.
  • the retaining device comprises at least one strapping of a set of at least two superposed fins.
  • the strapping comprises two supports overlapping, in the plane of the row of tubes, the outer edges of at least two fins, said supports being held by a strapping band surrounding the heat exchanger.
  • the strapping band has a thickness less than or equal to the distance between two superposed fins.
  • the retaining device comprises reinforced tubes, located at each end of the row of tubes, said reinforced tubes being configured to undergo a buckling lower than that of the other tubes of the row of tubes because of the thermal expansion.
  • the reinforced tubes located at each end of the row of tubes have a circular cross section and the other tubes of the row of tubes have an oblong cross section.
  • the reinforced tubes located at each end of the row of tubes are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than the material in which the other tubes of the row of tubes are made.
  • the retaining device comprises at least one comb comprising a base and teeth resting on said base, the teeth being separated by interstices in which tubes are inserted, said comb being inserted between two fins and in contact with the wall of said tubes, said comb having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the fins.
  • the comb has a thickness less than or equal to the distance between the two fins between which the teeth are inserted.
  • the interstices have a shape complementary to the shape of the tubes.
  • the height of the teeth is greater than or equal to half the width of the tubes.
  • the width of the comb corresponding to the height of its teeth added to the height of its base, is less than or equal to 1.5 times the width of the fins.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a mechanical heat exchanger, comprising:
  • a plurality of superimposed fins through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate said fins having orifices through which the tubes pass, At least two collector plates respectively comprising holes into which the ends of the tubes are introduced, a collector plate being disposed at each end of the tubes,
  • said method comprising the following steps:
  • the ends of the tubes are arranged to be placed opposite the holes of the collector plates.
  • said manufacturing method comprises, between the step of assembling the tubes and the fins and the elastic deformation step, an intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins.
  • the intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins is a bending in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid.
  • the superposition of fins has a rectilinear profile before the intermediate step of plastic deformation and that said superposition of fins has a profile also straight after the elastic deformation step.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the mechanical heat exchanger of FIG. 1 in a view from above
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c show schematic cross-sectional views in a top view of a mechanical heat exchanger during various stages of its manufacturing process
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a fin in plan view
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a sixth embodiment
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic representation of the mechanical heat exchanger of Figure 9 in top view.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a sixth embodiment
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic representation of a comb of a heat exchanger according to Figure 11.
  • the identical elements in the different figures bear the same references.
  • Figure 1 shows a mechanical heat exchanger 1 according to a first embodiment.
  • mechanical heat exchanger 1 is meant that the various elements forming the exchanger are mechanically fixed to each other, for example by crimping.
  • Said mechanical heat exchanger 1 comprises:
  • tubes 3 parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first heat transfer fluid is able to circulate
  • the fins 4 are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the row of tubes 3 and have orifices 40 (visible in FIGS. 3a to 3c and 7) through which the tubes 3 pass.
  • the fins 4 and the tubes 3 are made of metal material, for example aluminum, in order to have good thermal conductivity and not to penalize heat exchange between the first and second heat transfer fluid.
  • the mechanical heat exchanger 1 also comprises at least two collector plates 5 respectively comprising holes 50 (visible in FIG. 2) into which the ends of the tubes 3 are introduced. Said mechanical heat exchanger 1 comprises a collector plate 5 at each end of the tubes 3. As shown in Figure 2, the holes 50 of the collector plates 5 can be aligned so that the tubes 3 form a straight row and the fins 4 are also rectilinear. The fact that the fins 4 are straight can limit the size of the heat exchanger 1.
  • Each manifold plate 5 can be covered by a water box 6 whose edges can be inserted into a groove 51 (visible in the figure 2) which may comprise a seal, so as to form a manifold 7.
  • the manifolds 7 generally comprise an inlet and / or an outlet of first coolant and allow the distribution or the evacuation of the first coolant within the tubes 3.
  • the superposition of fins 4 is in a state of elastic deformation.
  • elastic deformation is meant that the superposition of fins 4 has been deformed in order to change from a stable form to a shape unstable.
  • the superposition of fins 4 is maintained in its unstable form by the collector plates 5 and the tubes 3.
  • the collector plates 5 hold the tubes 3 which themselves maintain the superposition of fins 4 in its unstable form. If said collector plates 5 are removed, the superposition of fins 4 then returns to a stable shape.
  • the superposition of fins 4 is, in its stable form, preferably bent in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid. It is nevertheless quite possible to imagine other directions or bending plane for the superposition of fins 4, said superposition of fins 4 would then be "straightened" by the collector plates 5 in order to apply constraints under its unstable form.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a mechanical heat exchanger 1, comprising:
  • Tubes 3 parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first coolant is able to circulate
  • a collector plate 5 comprising holes 50 into which the ends of the tubes 3 are introduced, a collector plate 5 being disposed at each end of the tubes 3,
  • said method comprising the following steps: assembling tubes 3 and fins 4 with fixing said fins 4 to said tubes 3,
  • Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
  • the elastic deformation can be achieved for example by means of one or more cylinders.
  • elastic deformation means that the deformation is reversible. If the constraints maintaining the superposition of fins 4 in its unstable form are removed (for example by removing the collector plates 5), the superposition of fins 4 will return itself in its stable form.
  • the manufacturing process may also comprise, between the step of assembling the tubes 3 and the fins 4 and the elastic deformation step, an intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins 4.
  • plastic deformation it is understood that the deformation is not reversible and that following the plastic deformation the superposition of fins 4 remains in this form, which then becomes its stable form.
  • the plastic deformation is thus a deformation of amplitude greater than the elasticity of the superposition of fins 4.
  • This plastic deformation can be achieved for example by means of one or more cylinders. It is then possible to assemble tubes 3 and fins 4, to fix said fins 4 on said tubes 3 and to form a superposition of fins 4 having a rectilinear profile, as illustrated in FIG. 3a.
  • the superposition of fins 4 is then plastically deformed, as illustrated in FIG. 3b, in order to obtain a superposition of fins 4 whose stable shape is bent, for example in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid.
  • the superposition of fins 4 is then elastically deformed, as illustrated in FIG. 3c, in order to obtain a superposition of fins 4 whose unstable shape is for example of rectilinear profile, close to or identical to the superposition of fins 4 during its assembly, ie it also straight.
  • This example of a manufacturing method notably makes it possible to maintain a conventional assembly unit for assembling the tubes 3 and the fins 4 so as to form a superposition of fins 4 having a rectilinear profile.
  • This also makes it possible to simply add to the production line units in order to deform plastically, initially, then elastically, in a second step, the superposition of fins 4, which can limit the increase in production costs. related to these additional steps.
  • FIG. 4 shows a mechanical heat exchanger 1 according to a second embodiment.
  • This heat exchanger 1 comprises a retaining device 8 configured to exert a retaining force in the plane of the row of tubes 3.
  • This retaining force maintains the superposition of fins 4 and / or the tubes 3 in place so as to minimize the buckling of the tubes 3 in the plane of the row of the tubes 3, due to the thermal expansion of the superposition of fins 4.
  • the retaining force against the thermal expansion of the fins 4 towards the outside of the heat exchanger 1 and forced the fins 4 to expand at the orifices 40.
  • the orifices 40 contract because of this expansion and the contact between the fins 4 and the tubes 3 increases, which decreases the thermal resistance and therefore allows better thermal conduction between the tubes 3 and the fins 4. This therefore increases the performance of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the retaining device 8 bears against the outer edges of at least a portion of the fins 4, in the plane of the row of tubes 3, on each side of the superposition of fins 4.
  • outer edges of the fins 4 have the edges located opposite the ends of the row of tubes 3 and which are located on the same axis as the buckling of said tubes 3.
  • the retaining device 8 maintains the superposition of fins 4 and indirectly the tubes 3 so as to force the thermal expansion at the orifices 40.
  • the retaining device 8 may comprise a retaining blade disposed on each side of the superposition of fins 4.
  • the retaining blades 8 are fixed to each of their ends to the collectors 7 and bear against the outer edges of the fins 4 over the entire height of the superposition of fins 4.
  • the ends of the retaining blades 8 are fixed to the collectors 7 in order to block the expansion towards the outside the overlay of fins 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows a first example of this first variant where the retaining blades 8 are bent, the convex part of said retaining blades 8 being directed towards the inside of the heat exchanger 1.
  • These curved retaining blades 8 can be metal blades, for example steel or aluminum.
  • the ends of the retaining blades 8 are fixed or simply supported, for example in a dedicated notch, on the manifold plate 5.
  • the curved shape of the retaining blade 8 redirects the forces due to the expansion of the superposition of fins 4 at the attachment of said retaining blade 8 on the collector plates 5 and blocks this expansion outwardly of the superposition of fins 4.
  • the heat exchanger 1 can in particular be manufactured according to a manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
  • Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second example of the first variant where the retaining blades 8 are fixed by elastic casing at the level of the water boxes 6 of the collectors 7.
  • This elastic casing can for example be made by hooks 61 projecting from the water boxes 6 and being inserted into complementary holes on the retaining blades 8.
  • the retaining blades 8 collectors 7 it is nevertheless quite possible to consider other ways of fixing the retaining blades 8 collectors 7, for example by gluing or screwing.
  • the retaining blades 8 are fixed on the water boxes 6 and / or the collector plates 5 collectors 7.
  • the retaining blades 8 may be straight, as shown in Figure 5, or be also bent.
  • the retaining blades 8 may also comprise, in the plane of the row of tubes 3, deflectors 88 extending outwardly of said heat exchanger 1.
  • the heat exchanger 1 can in particular be manufactured according to a manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
  • Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows a third example of the first variant in which the collector plates 5 comprise, at each of their ends, in the plane of the row of tubes 3, recesses 52 extending towards the opposite collector 7. These recesses 52 can maintain the retaining blades 8 against the outer edges of the fins 4.
  • the retaining blades 8 may also be straight, as shown in Figure 6, or be also bent.
  • the heat exchanger 1 may in particular be manufactured according to a manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
  • collector plates 5 comprising recesses 52 extending towards the opposite collector 7, so as to fix and block the retaining blades 8,
  • Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
  • the fins 4 may have notches 41 on their outer edges in the plane of the row of tubes 3.
  • the retaining blades 8 may be inserted into said notches 41 in order to prevent said retaining blades 8 do not slide where are moving.
  • the retaining device 8 comprises at least one strapping of a set of at least two superimposed fins 4, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • the strapping 8 may comprise two supports 80, for example in U, overlapping, in the plane of the row of tubes 8, the outer edges of at least two fins 4.
  • the supports 80 are held by a strapping band 81 surrounding the heat exchanger 1, in particular perpendicular to the plane of the row of tubes 3.
  • the strapping band 81 may in particular have a thickness less than or equal to the distance between two superposed fins 4 in order to limit the pressure drops of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid related to the presence of said strapping band 81.
  • the strapping band 8 may be made for example by means of a strip, a wire or a cable surrounding the superposition of fins 4.
  • the strapping band 8 may be made of synthetic material, such as for example polyester or polypropylene, composite material, such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), carbon fiber or fiberglass, or metal material, such as steel, stainless steel or nickel.
  • the retaining device 8 may comprise reinforced tubes, located at each end of the row of tubes 3. These reinforced tubes 8 are configured to undergo a lower buckling than other tubes 3 of the row of tubes 3 due to the thermal expansion of the fins 4.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 8 in that the retaining device is not an insert which maintains the superposition of fins 4, but is reinforced tubes. in which the first heat transfer fluid can circulate and therefore participate in heat exchange.
  • the retaining device 8 maintains the superposition of fins 4 and indirectly the tubes 3 so as to force the thermal expansion at the orifices 40.
  • the reinforced tubes 8 located at each end of the row of tubes 3 may have a larger wall thickness to be more rigid.
  • the reinforced tubes 8 may be made of a more rigid material than the other tubes 3, for example stainless steel.
  • the reinforced tubes 8 may have a different shape conferring them a greater rigidity to withstand the forces exerted by the expansion of the superposition of fins 4.
  • the reinforced tubes 8 may in particular have a circular cross section and the other tubes 3 of the row of tubes 3 have a oblong cross section.
  • the retaining device 8 may comprise at least one comb 8 having a base 82 and teeth 83 resting on said base 82, said teeth 83 being separated from each other by interstices 84.
  • the teeth 83 are inserted between two fins 4 and fit between the tubes 3 so that the tubes 3 fit into the interstices 84 and the comb 8 is in contact with the wall of said tubes 3.
  • the comb 8 has a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than that of the fins 4 so that it can retain the tubes 3 and thus prevent the outward expansion of the fins 4.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 differs from the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 8 on the one hand and in FIGS. 9 and 10 on the other hand, in that the retaining device 8 directly holds the tubes 3 to avoid buckling.
  • the superposition of fins 4 is held indirectly in place through the tubes 3 so as to force the thermal expansion at the orifices 40.
  • the comb 8 is made of metal material, having good thermal conduction to participate in heat exchange between the first and second heat transfer fluid.
  • Comb 8 can thus be made of steel, stainless steel or a metal alloy comprising one or more components selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, copper and bismuth.
  • the comb 8 preferably has a thickness Ep less than or equal to the distance between the two fins 4 between which the teeth 83 are inserted. This thickness Ep firstly makes it possible to insert the comb 8 between two fins 4 but also makes it possible to limit the pressure losses of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid related to the presence of said comb 8.
  • the interstices 84 between the teeth 83 of said comb 8 preferably have a shape complementary to the shape of the tubes 3.
  • the height Hd of the teeth 83 corresponding to the depth of the interstices 84, is greater than or equal to half the width of the tubes 3.
  • the width Lp of the comb 8 corresponding to the height Hd of the teeth 83 added to the height Hb of its base 82, is preferably smaller or equal to 1.5 times the width of the fins 4 (visible in Figure 7).
  • the heat exchanger 1 due to the presence of the retaining device 8, allows an increase in the thermal conduction at the interface between the fins 4 and the tubes 3 and therefore increases its performance.
  • the mechanical heat exchanger 1 due to the mechanical stresses applied to the superposition of fins 4, has improved performance.
  • the increase in production costs can be controlled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanical heat exchanger (1) having mutually parallel tubes (3) arranged in rows and a plurality of stacked fins (4) having holes (40) through which the tubes pass (3), the stacking of the fins (4) being mechanically stressed in order to enhance the contact at the interface between the fins and the tubes. The present invention also relates to a method for producing such a mechanical heat exchanger (1).

Description

Échangeur de chaleur mécanique et procédé de fabrication associé  Mechanical heat exchanger and method of manufacturing the same
L'invention concerne le domaine des échangeurs de chaleur et plus précisément les échangeurs de chaleur mécaniques ainsi que leur procédé de fabrication. The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers and more specifically mechanical heat exchangers and their manufacturing process.
Les échangeurs de chaleurs mécaniques comportent généralement des tubes parallèles les uns avec les autres, formant un faisceau de tubes, et qui sont introduits dans des ailettes perforées. Les tubes sont par exemple élargis par déformation mécanique afin d'être maintenus dans les perforations des ailettes. Cette déformation mécanique est par exemple réalisée par l'insertion dans le tube d'une olive d'un diamètre supérieur à celui de l'orifice dudit tube afin de l'élargir. Mechanical heat exchangers generally comprise tubes parallel to each other, forming a bundle of tubes, and which are introduced into perforated fins. The tubes are for example expanded by mechanical deformation to be maintained in the perforations of the fins. This mechanical deformation is, for example, achieved by inserting into the tube an olive of a diameter greater than that of the orifice of said tube in order to widen it.
Les extrémités du faisceau de tubes sont reliées à des collecteurs formés notamment d'une plaque collectrice munie de trous dans lesquels débouchent les extrémités des tubes. La plaque collectrice est recouverte d'une boîte à eau de sorte à former le collecteur. Les collecteurs permettent la distribution ou la récupération d'un premier fluide caloporteur qui passe à l'intérieur des tubes. Un deuxième fluide caloporteur passe quant à lui entre les ailettes. The ends of the bundle of tubes are connected to collectors formed in particular of a collector plate provided with holes into which the ends of the tubes open. The collector plate is covered with a water box so as to form the collector. The collectors allow the distribution or the recovery of a first heat transfer fluid which passes inside the tubes. A second heat transfer fluid passes between the fins.
Par échangeur de chaleur mécanique on entend que les différents éléments formant l'échangeur sont fixés mécaniquement entre eux, par exemple par sertissage. By mechanical heat exchanger is meant that the various elements forming the exchanger are mechanically fixed together, for example by crimping.
Cependant, pour ces échangeurs de chaleur mécaniques, le contact entre les tubes et les ailettes peut ne pas être continu mais ponctuel. Cela diminue la conductivité thermique entre les tubes et les ailettes et donc diminue les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur. Un des buts de la présente invention est donc de proposer un échangeur de chaleur mécanique amélioré et dont les performances sont augmentées. However, for these mechanical heat exchangers, the contact between the tubes and the fins may not be continuous but punctual. This decreases the thermal conductivity between the tubes and the fins and therefore decreases the performance of the heat exchanger. One of the aims of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved mechanical heat exchanger whose performance is increased.
La présente invention concerne donc un échangeur de chaleur mécanique comportant : The present invention therefore relates to a mechanical heat exchanger comprising:
• des tubes parallèles les uns avec les autres et disposés en rang et dans lesquels un premier fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, et  • tubes parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first coolant is able to circulate, and
• une pluralité d'ailettes superposées au travers desquelles un deuxième fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, lesdites ailettes comportant des orifices par lesquels passent les tubes,  A plurality of superimposed fins through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate, said fins having orifices through which the tubes pass,
la superposition d'ailettes est contrainte mécaniquement pour améliorer le contact au niveau de l'interface entre les ailettes et les tubes.  the superposition of fins is mechanically constrained to improve the contact at the interface between the fins and the tubes.
Ces contraintes augmentent la pression de contact entre les ailettes et les tubes ce qui permet une amélioration de la conductivité thermique entre ces éléments et ainsi augmente les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur mécanique.  These constraints increase the contact pressure between the fins and the tubes which allows an improvement in the thermal conductivity between these elements and thus increases the performance of the mechanical heat exchanger.
Selon une première réalisation possible, l'échangeur comporte en outre au moins deux plaques collectrices comprenant respectivement des trous dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes, une plaque collectrice étant disposée à chaque extrémité des tubes, et dans lequel la superposition d'ailettes est contrainte mécaniquement dans un état de déformation élastique, ladite superposition d'ailettes étant maintenue dans une forme instable par les plaques collectrices et les tubes de sorte que si lesdites plaques collectrices sont retirées, la superposition d'ailettes retrouve une forme stable.  According to a first possible embodiment, the exchanger further comprises at least two collector plates respectively comprising holes into which the ends of the tubes are introduced, a collector plate being disposed at each end of the tubes, and in which the superposition of fins is mechanically constrained in a state of elastic deformation, said fins superposition being maintained in an unstable shape by the collector plates and the tubes so that if said collector plates are removed, the superposition of fins returns to a stable shape.
Le fait que la superposition d'ailettes soit maintenue dans sa forme instable applique des contraintes mécaniques au niveau de l'interface entre les ailettes et les tubes. Selon un aspect de l'invention, la superposition d'ailettes est, dans sa forme stable, cintrée dans le plan de circulation du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur. The fact that the superposition of fins is maintained in its unstable form applies mechanical stresses at the interface between the fins and the tubes. According to one aspect of the invention, the superposition of fins is, in its stable form, bent in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les trous des plaques collectrices sont alignés de sorte que les tubes forment un rang rectiligne et que les ailettes soient rectilignes. According to another aspect of the invention, the holes of the collector plates are aligned so that the tubes form a rectilinear row and that the fins are rectilinear.
Selon une deuxième réalisation possible, l'échangeur comporte un dispositif de retenue configuré pour contraindre mécaniquement la superposition d'ailettes avec une force de retenue exercée dans le plan du rang de tubes afin de maintenir la superposition d'ailettes et/ou les tubes en place de sorte à minimiser le flambage des tubes dans le plan du rang des tubes du fait de la dilatation thermique. According to a second possible embodiment, the exchanger comprises a retaining device configured to mechanically constrain the superposition of fins with a retaining force exerted in the plane of the row of tubes in order to maintain the superposition of fins and / or the tubes. place so as to minimize the buckling of the tubes in the row plane of the tubes due to thermal expansion.
La force de retenue contre la dilatation thermique des ailettes vers l'extérieur de l'échangeur thermique et contraint les ailettes à se dilater au niveau des orifices. Les orifices se contractent du fait de cette dilatation et le contact entre les ailettes et les tubes augmente, ce qui diminue la résistance thermique et donc permet une meilleure conduction thermique entre les tubes et les ailettes. Cela augmente donc les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur. Selon un aspect de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue vient en appui des bords extérieurs d'au moins une partie des ailettes, dans le plan du rang de tubes, de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes.  The retaining force against the thermal expansion of the fins to the outside of the heat exchanger and forces the fins to expand at the orifices. The orifices contract because of this expansion and the contact between the fins and the tubes increases, which decreases the thermal resistance and therefore allows better thermal conduction between the tubes and the fins. This therefore increases the performance of the heat exchanger. According to one aspect of the invention, the retaining device bears against the outer edges of at least a portion of the fins, in the plane of the row of tubes, on each side of the fins overlay.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur comporte en outre : 0 au moins deux plaques collectrices comprenant respectivement des trous dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes, une plaque collectrice étant disposée à chaque extrémité des tubes, 0 une boîte à eau recouvrant chaque plaque collectrice de sorte à former un collecteur apte à collecter ou distribuer le premier fluide caloporteur afin qu'il puisse circuler dans les tubes, According to another aspect of the invention, the heat exchanger further comprises: at least two collector plates respectively comprising holes into which the ends of the tubes are introduced, a collector plate being disposed at each end of the tubes, 0 a water box covering each header plate so as to form a collector adapted to collect or distribute the first heat transfer fluid so that it can move in the tubes,
et le dispositif de retenue comprend une lame de retenue disposée de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes et fixée à chacune de ces extrémités aux collecteurs et venant en appui sur les bords extérieurs des ailettes sur toute la hauteur de la superposition d'ailettes, de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les lames de retenue sont cintrées, la partie convexe desdites lames de retenue étant dirigée vers l'intérieur de l'échangeur de chaleur.  and the retaining device comprises a retaining blade disposed on each side of the superposition of fins and fixed at each of these ends to the collectors and resting on the outer edges of the fins over the entire height of the superposition of fins, on each side of the fins overlay. In another aspect of the invention, the retaining blades are bent, the convex portion of said retaining blades being directed inwardly of the heat exchanger.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les extrémités des lames de retenue sont fixées sur la plaque collectrice. According to another aspect of the invention, the ends of the retaining blades are fixed on the collector plate.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les lames de retenue sont fixées par emboîtage élastique au niveau des boîtes à eau des collecteurs. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les plaques collectrices comportent à chacune de leurs extrémités, dans le plan du rang de tubes, des décrochements s'étendant vers le collecteur opposé, lesdits décrochements maintenant les lames de retenue contre les bords extérieurs des ailettes. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les ailettes comportent des encoches sur leurs bords extérieurs dans le plan du rang de tubes, les lames de retenue venant s'insérer dans lesdites encoches. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les lames de retenue comportent, dans le plan du rang de tubes, des déflecteurs s'étendant vers l'extérieur dudit échangeur de chaleur. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue comporte au moins un cerclage d'un ensemble d'au moins deux ailettes superposées. According to another aspect of the invention, the retaining blades are fixed by elastic casing at the water boxes of the collectors. According to another aspect of the invention, the collector plates comprise at each of their ends, in the plane of the row of tubes, recesses extending towards the opposite collector, said recesses holding the retaining blades against the outer edges of the fins. . According to another aspect of the invention, the fins have notches on their outer edges in the plane of the row of tubes, the retaining blades being inserted into said notches. According to another aspect of the invention, the retaining blades comprise, in the plane of the row of tubes, deflectors extending outwardly of said heat exchanger. According to another aspect of the invention, the retaining device comprises at least one strapping of a set of at least two superposed fins.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le cerclage comporte deux supports chevauchant, dans le plan du rang de tubes, les bords extérieurs d'au moins deux ailettes, lesdits supports étant maintenus par une bande de cerclage entourant l'échangeur de chaleur. According to another aspect of the invention, the strapping comprises two supports overlapping, in the plane of the row of tubes, the outer edges of at least two fins, said supports being held by a strapping band surrounding the heat exchanger.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, la bande de cerclage a une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à la distance entre deux ailettes superposées. According to another aspect of the invention, the strapping band has a thickness less than or equal to the distance between two superposed fins.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue comporte des tubes renforcés, situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes, lesdits tubes renforcés étant configurés pour subir un flambage inférieur à celui des autres tubes du rang de tubes du fait de la dilatation thermique. According to another aspect of the invention, the retaining device comprises reinforced tubes, located at each end of the row of tubes, said reinforced tubes being configured to undergo a buckling lower than that of the other tubes of the row of tubes because of the thermal expansion.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les tubes renforcés situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes ont une section transversale circulaire et les autres tubes du rang de tubes ont une section transversale oblongue. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les tubes renforcés situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes sont réalisés dans un matériau ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur au matériau dans lesquels sont réalisés les autres tubes du rang de tubes. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le dispositif de retenue comporte au moins un peigne comportant une base et des dents reposant sur ladite base, les dents étant séparées par des interstices dans lesquels s'insèrent des tubes, ledit peigne étant intercalé entre deux ailettes et en contact avec la paroi desdits tubes, ledit peigne ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur à celui des ailettes. According to another aspect of the invention, the reinforced tubes located at each end of the row of tubes have a circular cross section and the other tubes of the row of tubes have an oblong cross section. According to another aspect of the invention, the reinforced tubes located at each end of the row of tubes are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than the material in which the other tubes of the row of tubes are made. According to another aspect of the invention, the retaining device comprises at least one comb comprising a base and teeth resting on said base, the teeth being separated by interstices in which tubes are inserted, said comb being inserted between two fins and in contact with the wall of said tubes, said comb having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the fins.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le peigne a une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à la distance entre les deux ailettes entre lesquelles les dents sont insérées. Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les interstices ont une forme complémentaire de la forme des tubes. According to another aspect of the invention, the comb has a thickness less than or equal to the distance between the two fins between which the teeth are inserted. According to another aspect of the invention, the interstices have a shape complementary to the shape of the tubes.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, la hauteur des dents, correspondant à la profondeur des interstice, est supérieure ou égale à la moitié de la largeur des tubes. According to another aspect of the invention, the height of the teeth, corresponding to the depth of the gap, is greater than or equal to half the width of the tubes.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, la largeur du peigne, correspondant à la hauteur de ses dents additionnée à la hauteur de sa base, est inférieure ou égale à 1,5 fois la largeur des ailettes. According to another aspect of the invention, the width of the comb, corresponding to the height of its teeth added to the height of its base, is less than or equal to 1.5 times the width of the fins.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique, comportant : The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a mechanical heat exchanger, comprising:
• des tubes parallèles les uns avec les autres et disposés en rang et dans lesquels un premier fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, et  • tubes parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first coolant is able to circulate, and
· une pluralité d'ailettes superposées au travers desquelles un deuxième fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, lesdites ailettes comportant des orifices par lesquels passent les tubes, • au moins deux plaques collectrices comprenant respectivement des trous dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes, une plaque collectrice étant disposée à chaque extrémité des tubes, A plurality of superimposed fins through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate, said fins having orifices through which the tubes pass, At least two collector plates respectively comprising holes into which the ends of the tubes are introduced, a collector plate being disposed at each end of the tubes,
ledit procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :  said method comprising the following steps:
· assemblage des tubes et des ailettes avec fixation desdites ailettes sur lesdits tubes,  · Assembling the tubes and fins with fixing said fins on said tubes,
• déformation élastique de la superposition d'ailettes,  • elastic deformation of the superposition of fins,
• mise en place des plaques collectrices aux extrémités des tubes. Selon un aspect du procédé selon l'invention, suite à la déformation élastique de la superposition d'ailettes, les extrémités des tubes sont disposées de sorte à être placées en regard des trous des plaques collectrices.  • Placing collector plates at the ends of the tubes. According to one aspect of the method according to the invention, following the elastic deformation of the superposition of fins, the ends of the tubes are arranged to be placed opposite the holes of the collector plates.
Selon un autre aspect du procédé selon l'invention, ledit procédé de fabrication comporte, entre l'étape d'assemblage des tubes et des ailettes et l'étape de déformation élastique, une étape intermédiaire de déformation plastique de la superposition d'ailettes. According to another aspect of the method according to the invention, said manufacturing method comprises, between the step of assembling the tubes and the fins and the elastic deformation step, an intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins.
Selon un autre aspect du procédé selon l'invention, l'étape intermédiaire de déformation plastique de la superposition d'ailettes est un cintrage dans le plan de circulation du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur. According to another aspect of the method according to the invention, the intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins is a bending in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid.
Selon un autre aspect du procédé selon l'invention, la superposition d'ailettes a un profil rectiligne avant l'étape intermédiaire de déformation plastique et que ladite superposition d'ailettes a un profil également rectiligne après l'étape de déformation élastique. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante, donnée à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels : According to another aspect of the method according to the invention, the superposition of fins has a rectilinear profile before the intermediate step of plastic deformation and that said superposition of fins has a profile also straight after the elastic deformation step. Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description, given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, and the appended drawings among which:
la figure 1 montre une représentation schématique d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique en vue de face selon un premier mode de réalisation, la figure 2 montre une représentation schématique de l'échangeur de chaleur mécanique de la figure 1 en vue de dessus,  FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a first embodiment, FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the mechanical heat exchanger of FIG. 1 in a view from above,
les figures 3a à 3c montrent des représentations schématiques en coupe en vue de dessus d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique lors de différentes étapes de son procédé de fabrication,  FIGS. 3a to 3c show schematic cross-sectional views in a top view of a mechanical heat exchanger during various stages of its manufacturing process,
la figure 4 montre une représentation schématique d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique en vue de face selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, la figure 5 montre une représentation schématique d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique en vue de face selon un troisième mode de réalisation, - la figure 6 montre une représentation schématique d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique en vue de face selon un quatrième mode de réalisation, la figure 7 montre une représentation schématique d'une ailette en vue de dessus,  FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a second embodiment, FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a third embodiment, FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a fourth embodiment, FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a fin in plan view,
la figure 8 montre une représentation schématique d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique en vue de face selon un cinquième mode de réalisation, la figure 9 montre une représentation schématique d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique en vue de face selon un sixième mode de réalisation, la figure 10 montre une représentation schématique de l'échangeur de chaleur mécanique de la figure 9 en vue de dessus.  FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a fifth embodiment, FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a sixth embodiment, Figure 10 shows a schematic representation of the mechanical heat exchanger of Figure 9 in top view.
- la figure 11 montre une représentation schématique d'un échangeur de chaleur mécanique en vue de face selon un sixième mode de réalisation, la figure 12 montre une représentation schématique d'un peigne d'un échangeur de chaleur selon la figure 11. Les éléments identiques sur les différentes figures, portent les mêmes références. - Figure 11 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical heat exchanger in front view according to a sixth embodiment, Figure 12 shows a schematic representation of a comb of a heat exchanger according to Figure 11. The identical elements in the different figures bear the same references.
Les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, ceci ne signifie pas nécessairement que chaque référence concerne le même mode de réalisation, et/ou que les caractéristiques s'appliquent seulement à un seul mode de réalisation. De simples caractéristiques de différents modes de réalisation peuvent également être combinées pour fournir d'autres réalisations. Dans la présente description on peut indexer certains éléments ou paramètres, comme par exemple premier élément ou deuxième élément ainsi que premier paramètre et second paramètre ou encore premier critère et deuxième critère etc. Dans ce cas, il s'agit d'un simple indexage pour différencier et dénommer des éléments ou paramètres ou critères proches mais non identiques. Cette indexation n'implique pas une priorité d'un élément, paramètre ou critère par rapport à un autre et on peut aisément interchanger de telles dénominations sans sortir du cadre de la présente description. Cette indexation n'implique pas non plus un ordre dans le temps par exemple pour apprécier tels ou tels critères. La figure 1 montre un échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique selon un premier mode de réalisation. Par échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique on entend que les différents éléments formant l'échangeur sont fixés mécaniquement entre eux, par exemple par sertissage. Ledit échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique, comporte : The following achievements are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference relates to the same embodiment, and / or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. In the present description, it is possible to index certain elements or parameters, for example first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter, or first criterion and second criterion, and so on. In this case, it is a simple indexing to differentiate and name elements or parameters or criteria close but not identical. This indexing does not imply a priority of one element, parameter or criterion with respect to another, and it is easy to interchange such denominations without departing from the scope of the present description. This indexing does not imply either an order in time for example to appreciate such or such criteria. Figure 1 shows a mechanical heat exchanger 1 according to a first embodiment. By mechanical heat exchanger 1 is meant that the various elements forming the exchanger are mechanically fixed to each other, for example by crimping. Said mechanical heat exchanger 1 comprises:
• des tubes 3 parallèles les uns avec les autres et disposés en rang et dans lesquels un premier fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, et  • tubes 3 parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first heat transfer fluid is able to circulate, and
• une pluralité d'ailettes 4 au travers desquelles un deuxième fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler. Ces ailettes 4 évoluent parallèlement les unes par rapport aux autres et sont superposées. Les ailettes 4 sont disposées perpendiculaires au plan du rang de tubes 3 et comportent des orifices 40 (visibles sur les figures 3a à 3c et 7) par lesquels passent les tubes 3. A plurality of fins 4 through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate. These fins 4 evolve parallel to each other and are superimposed. The fins 4 are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the row of tubes 3 and have orifices 40 (visible in FIGS. 3a to 3c and 7) through which the tubes 3 pass.
De préférence, les ailettes 4 et les tubes 3 sont réalisés en matériau métallique, par exemple en aluminium, afin d'avoir une bonne conductivité thermique et ne pas pénaliser les échanges de chaleur entre le premier et le deuxième fluide caloporteur. L'échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique comporte également au moins deux plaques collectrices 5 comprenant respectivement des trous 50 (visibles sur la figure 2) dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes 3. Ledit échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique comporte une plaque collectrice 5 à chaque extrémité des tubes 3. Comme le montre la figure 2, les trous 50 des plaques collectrices 5 peuvent être alignés de sorte que les tubes 3 forment un rang rectiligne et que les ailettes 4 soient également rectilignes. Le fait que les ailettes 4 soient rectilignes permet de limiter l'encombrement de l'échangeur de chaleur 1. Chaque plaque collectrice 5 peut être recouverte par une boîte à eau 6 dont les bords peuvent être insérés dans une rainure 51 (visible sur la figure 2) pouvant comporter un joint d'étanchéité, de sorte à former un collecteur 7. Les collecteurs 7 comportent généralement une entrée et/ou une sortie de premier fluide caloporteur et permettent la distribution ou l'évacuation du premier fluide caloporteur au sein des tubes 3. Preferably, the fins 4 and the tubes 3 are made of metal material, for example aluminum, in order to have good thermal conductivity and not to penalize heat exchange between the first and second heat transfer fluid. The mechanical heat exchanger 1 also comprises at least two collector plates 5 respectively comprising holes 50 (visible in FIG. 2) into which the ends of the tubes 3 are introduced. Said mechanical heat exchanger 1 comprises a collector plate 5 at each end of the tubes 3. As shown in Figure 2, the holes 50 of the collector plates 5 can be aligned so that the tubes 3 form a straight row and the fins 4 are also rectilinear. The fact that the fins 4 are straight can limit the size of the heat exchanger 1. Each manifold plate 5 can be covered by a water box 6 whose edges can be inserted into a groove 51 (visible in the figure 2) which may comprise a seal, so as to form a manifold 7. The manifolds 7 generally comprise an inlet and / or an outlet of first coolant and allow the distribution or the evacuation of the first coolant within the tubes 3.
Dans l'échangeur de chaleur mécanique 1, la superposition d'ailettes 4 est dans un état de déformation élastique. Par déformation élastique, on entend que la superposition d'ailettes 4 a été déformée afin de passer d'une forme stable à une forme instable. La superposition d'ailettes 4 est maintenue dans sa forme instable par les plaques collectrices 5 et les tubes 3. Les plaques collectrices 5 maintiennent les tubes 3 qui eux même maintiennent la superposition d'ailettes 4 dans sa forme instable. Si lesdites plaques collectrices 5 sont retirées, la superposition d'ailettes 4 retrouve alors une forme stable. In the mechanical heat exchanger 1, the superposition of fins 4 is in a state of elastic deformation. By elastic deformation is meant that the superposition of fins 4 has been deformed in order to change from a stable form to a shape unstable. The superposition of fins 4 is maintained in its unstable form by the collector plates 5 and the tubes 3. The collector plates 5 hold the tubes 3 which themselves maintain the superposition of fins 4 in its unstable form. If said collector plates 5 are removed, the superposition of fins 4 then returns to a stable shape.
Le fait que la superposition d'ailettes 4 soit maintenue dans sa forme instable applique des contraintes mécaniques au niveau de l'interface entre les ailettes 4 et les tubes 3. Ces contraintes augmentent la pression de contact entre les ailettes 4 et les tubes 3 ce qui permet une amélioration de la conductivité thermique entre ces éléments et ainsi augmente les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique.  The fact that the superposition of fins 4 is maintained in its unstable form applies mechanical stresses at the interface between the fins 4 and the tubes 3. These stresses increase the contact pressure between the fins 4 and the tubes 3. which allows an improvement in the thermal conductivity between these elements and thus increases the performance of the mechanical heat exchanger 1.
La superposition d'ailettes 4 est, dans sa forme stable, de préférence cintrée dans le plan de circulation du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur. Il est néanmoins tout à fait possible d'imaginer d'autres sens ou plan de cintrage pour la superposition d'ailettes 4, ladite superposition d'ailettes 4 serait alors « redressée » par les plaques collectrices 5 afin d'appliquer des contraintes sous sa forme instable. The superposition of fins 4 is, in its stable form, preferably bent in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid. It is nevertheless quite possible to imagine other directions or bending plane for the superposition of fins 4, said superposition of fins 4 would then be "straightened" by the collector plates 5 in order to apply constraints under its unstable form.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique, comportant : The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a mechanical heat exchanger 1, comprising:
· des tubes 3 parallèles les uns avec les autres et disposés en rang et dans lesquels un premier fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, et  · Tubes 3 parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first coolant is able to circulate, and
• une pluralité d'ailettes 4 au travers desquelles un deuxième fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, lesdites ailettes 4 comportant des orifices 40 par lesquels passent les tubes 3,  A plurality of fins 4 through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate, said fins 4 having orifices 40 through which the tubes 3 pass,
· une plaque collectrice 5 comprenant des trous 50 dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes 3, une plaque collectrice 5 étant disposée à chaque extrémité des tubes 3,  A collector plate 5 comprising holes 50 into which the ends of the tubes 3 are introduced, a collector plate 5 being disposed at each end of the tubes 3,
ledit procédé comportant les étapes suivantes : assemblage des tubes 3 et des ailettes 4 avec fixation desdites ailettes 4 sur lesdits tubes 3, said method comprising the following steps: assembling tubes 3 and fins 4 with fixing said fins 4 to said tubes 3,
déformation élastique de la superposition d'ailettes 4, notamment de sorte que les extrémités des tubes 3 soient placées en regard des trous 50 des plaques collectrices 5,  elastic deformation of the superposition of fins 4, in particular so that the ends of the tubes 3 are placed opposite the holes 50 of the collector plates 5,
mise en place des plaques collectrices 5 aux extrémités des tubes 3.  placing the collector plates 5 at the ends of the tubes 3.
La fixation des ailettes 4 sur les tubes 3 peut notamment être réalisée par élargissement des tubes 3, par exemple par insertion d'une olive d'un diamètre supérieur à celui de l'orifice du tube 3. Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
La déformation élastique peut être réalisée par exemple au moyen d'un ou plusieurs vérins.  The elastic deformation can be achieved for example by means of one or more cylinders.
Comme précédemment, par déformation élastique, on entend que la déformation est réversible. Si les contraintes maintenant la superposition d'ailettes 4 dans sa forme instable sont enlevées (par exemple en enlevant les plaques collectrices 5), la superposition d'ailettes 4 reviendra d'elle même dans sa forme stable. As before, elastic deformation means that the deformation is reversible. If the constraints maintaining the superposition of fins 4 in its unstable form are removed (for example by removing the collector plates 5), the superposition of fins 4 will return itself in its stable form.
Le procédé de fabrication peut également comporter, entre l'étape d'assemblage des tubes 3 et des ailettes 4 et l'étape de déformation élastique, une étape intermédiaire de déformation plastique de la superposition d'ailettes 4. Par déformation plastique on entend que la déformation n'est pas réversible et que suite à la déformation plastique la superposition d'ailettes 4 reste dans cette forme, qui devient alors sa forme stable. La déformation plastique est ainsi une déformation d'amplitude supérieure à l'élasticité de la superposition d'ailettes 4. The manufacturing process may also comprise, between the step of assembling the tubes 3 and the fins 4 and the elastic deformation step, an intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins 4. By plastic deformation it is understood that the deformation is not reversible and that following the plastic deformation the superposition of fins 4 remains in this form, which then becomes its stable form. The plastic deformation is thus a deformation of amplitude greater than the elasticity of the superposition of fins 4.
Cette déformation plastique peut être réalisée par exemple au moyen d'un ou plusieurs vérins. Il est alors possible d'assembler des tubes 3 et des ailettes 4, de fixer lesdites ailettes 4 sur lesdits tubes 3 et de former une superposition d'ailettes 4 ayant un profil rectiligne, comme illustré sur la figure 3a. This plastic deformation can be achieved for example by means of one or more cylinders. It is then possible to assemble tubes 3 and fins 4, to fix said fins 4 on said tubes 3 and to form a superposition of fins 4 having a rectilinear profile, as illustrated in FIG. 3a.
La superposition d'ailettes 4 est ensuite déformée plastiquement, comme illustré à la figure 3b, afin d'obtenir une superposition d'ailettes 4 dont la forme stable est cintrée, par exemple dans le plan de circulation du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur. La superposition d'ailettes 4 est ensuite déformée élastiquement, comme illustré à la figure 3 c, afin d'obtenir une superposition d'ailettes 4 dont la forme instable est par exemple de profil rectiligne, proche ou identique à la superposition d'ailettes 4 lors de son assemblage, c'est à dire elle aussi rectiligne. Cet exemple de procédé de fabrication permet notamment de conserver une unité de montage classique pour l'assemblage des tubes 3 et des ailettes 4 afin de former une superposition d'ailettes 4 ayant un profil rectiligne. Cela permet également d'ajouter simplement à la chaîne de production des unités afin de déformer plastiquement, dans un premier temps, puis élastiquement, dans un second temps, la superposition d'ailettes 4, ce qui peut limiter l'augmentation des coûts de production liés à ces étapes supplémentaires. The superposition of fins 4 is then plastically deformed, as illustrated in FIG. 3b, in order to obtain a superposition of fins 4 whose stable shape is bent, for example in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid. The superposition of fins 4 is then elastically deformed, as illustrated in FIG. 3c, in order to obtain a superposition of fins 4 whose unstable shape is for example of rectilinear profile, close to or identical to the superposition of fins 4 during its assembly, ie it also straight. This example of a manufacturing method notably makes it possible to maintain a conventional assembly unit for assembling the tubes 3 and the fins 4 so as to form a superposition of fins 4 having a rectilinear profile. This also makes it possible to simply add to the production line units in order to deform plastically, initially, then elastically, in a second step, the superposition of fins 4, which can limit the increase in production costs. related to these additional steps.
La figure 4 montre un échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique selon un deuxième mode de réalisation. Cet échangeur de chaleur 1 comporte un dispositif de retenue 8 configuré pour exercer une force de retenue dans le plan du rang de tubes 3. Cette force de retenue maintient la superposition d'ailettes 4 et/ou les tubes 3 en place de sorte à minimiser le flambage des tubes 3 dans le plan du rang des tubes 3, du fait de la dilatation thermique de la superposition d'ailettes 4. La force de retenue contre ainsi la dilatation thermique des ailettes 4 vers l'extérieur de l'échangeur thermique 1 et contraint les ailettes 4 à se dilater au niveau des orifices 40. Les orifices 40 se contractent du fait de cette dilatation et le contact entre les ailettes 4 et les tubes 3 augmente, ce qui diminue la résistance thermique et donc permet une meilleure conduction thermique entre les tubes 3 et les ailettes 4. Cela augmente donc les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur 1. Figure 4 shows a mechanical heat exchanger 1 according to a second embodiment. This heat exchanger 1 comprises a retaining device 8 configured to exert a retaining force in the plane of the row of tubes 3. This retaining force maintains the superposition of fins 4 and / or the tubes 3 in place so as to minimize the buckling of the tubes 3 in the plane of the row of the tubes 3, due to the thermal expansion of the superposition of fins 4. The retaining force against the thermal expansion of the fins 4 towards the outside of the heat exchanger 1 and forced the fins 4 to expand at the orifices 40. The orifices 40 contract because of this expansion and the contact between the fins 4 and the tubes 3 increases, which decreases the thermal resistance and therefore allows better thermal conduction between the tubes 3 and the fins 4. This therefore increases the performance of the heat exchanger 1.
Selon les modes de réalisation illustrés aux figures 4 à 8, le dispositif de retenue 8 vient en appui des bords extérieurs d'au moins une partie des ailettes 4, dans le plan du rang de tubes 3, de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes 4. Par bords extérieurs des ailettes 4 ont entends les bords situés en regards des extrémités du rang de tubes 3 et qui sont situés sur le même axe que le flambage desdits tubes 3. According to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 8, the retaining device 8 bears against the outer edges of at least a portion of the fins 4, in the plane of the row of tubes 3, on each side of the superposition of fins 4. By outer edges of the fins 4 have the edges located opposite the ends of the row of tubes 3 and which are located on the same axis as the buckling of said tubes 3.
Dans ces modes de réalisation, le dispositif de retenue 8 maintient la superposition d'ailettes 4 et indirectement les tubes 3 de sorte à forcer la dilatation thermique au niveau des orifices 40. In these embodiments, the retaining device 8 maintains the superposition of fins 4 and indirectly the tubes 3 so as to force the thermal expansion at the orifices 40.
Selon une première variante de ces modes de réalisation, illustrée aux figures 4, 5 et 6, le dispositif de retenue 8 peut comprendre une lame de retenue disposée de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes 4. Les lames de retenues 8 sont fixées à chacune de leurs extrémités aux collecteurs 7 et viennent en appui sur les bords extérieurs des ailettes 4 sur toute la hauteur de la superposition d'ailettes 4. Les extrémités des lames de retenue 8 sont fixées sur les collecteurs 7 afin de bloquer la dilatation vers l'extérieur de la superposition d'ailettes 4. According to a first variant of these embodiments, illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6, the retaining device 8 may comprise a retaining blade disposed on each side of the superposition of fins 4. The retaining blades 8 are fixed to each of their ends to the collectors 7 and bear against the outer edges of the fins 4 over the entire height of the superposition of fins 4. The ends of the retaining blades 8 are fixed to the collectors 7 in order to block the expansion towards the outside the overlay of fins 4.
La figure 4 montre un premier exemple de cette première variante où les lames de retenue 8 sont cintrées, la partie convexe desdites lames de retenue 8 étant dirigée vers l'intérieur de l'échangeur de chaleur 1. Ces lames de retenue 8 cintrées peuvent être des lames métalliques, par exemple en acier ou aluminium. Dans ce premier exemple, illustré à la figure 4, les extrémités des lames de retenue 8 sont fixées ou simplement en appui, par exemple dans une encoche dédiée, sur la plaque collectrice 5. La forme cintrée de la lame de retenue 8 redirige les forces dues à la dilatation de la superposition d'ailettes 4 au niveau de la fixation de ladite lame de retenue 8 sur les plaques collectrices 5 et bloque cette dilatation vers l'extérieur de la superposition d'ailettes 4. FIG. 4 shows a first example of this first variant where the retaining blades 8 are bent, the convex part of said retaining blades 8 being directed towards the inside of the heat exchanger 1. These curved retaining blades 8 can be metal blades, for example steel or aluminum. In this first example, illustrated in Figure 4, the ends of the retaining blades 8 are fixed or simply supported, for example in a dedicated notch, on the manifold plate 5. The curved shape of the retaining blade 8 redirects the forces due to the expansion of the superposition of fins 4 at the attachment of said retaining blade 8 on the collector plates 5 and blocks this expansion outwardly of the superposition of fins 4.
Pour ce premier exemple de la première variante des modes de réalisation illustrés aux figures 4 à 8, l'échangeur de chaleur 1 peut notamment être fabriqué selon un procédé de fabrication comportant les étapes suivantes : For this first example of the first variant of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 8, the heat exchanger 1 can in particular be manufactured according to a manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
• assemblage des tubes 3 et des ailettes 4 avec fixation desdites ailettes 4 sur lesdits tubes 3,  Assembly of the tubes 3 and the fins 4 with fixing said fins 4 on said tubes 3,
• mise en place des lames de retenue 8 de part et d'autre de la superposition d'ailettes 4,  Placing the retaining blades 8 on either side of the superposition of fins 4,
· mise en place des plaques collectrices 5 de sorte à fixer et cintrer les lames de retenue 8,  · Placing collector plates 5 so as to fix and bend the retaining blades 8,
• mise en place des boîtes à eau 6 de sorte à former les collecteurs 7.  Placing the water boxes 6 so as to form the collectors 7.
La fixation des ailettes 4 sur les tubes 3 peut notamment être réalisée par élargissement des tubes 3, par exemple par insertion d'une olive d'un diamètre supérieur à celui de l'orifice du tube 3.  Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
La figure 5 montre un deuxième exemple de la première variante où les lames de retenue 8 sont fixées par emboîtage élastique au niveau des boîtes à eau 6 des collecteurs 7. Cet emboîtage élastique peut par exemple être réalisé par des crochets 61 saillants des boîtes à eau 6 et venant s'insérer dans des orifices complémentaires sur les lames de retenue 8. Il est néanmoins tout à fait possible d'envisager d'autres modes de fixation des lames de retenue 8 aux collecteurs 7, par exemple par collage ou vissage. De plus, il est également tout à fait envisageable que les lames de retenue 8 soient fixées sur les boites à eau 6 et/ou les plaques collectrices 5 des collecteurs 7. Les lames de retenue 8 peuvent être rectilignes, comme illustré sur la figure 5, ou bien être également cintrées. Les lames de retenue 8 peuvent également comporter, dans le plan du rang de tubes 3, des déflecteurs 88 s'étendant vers l'extérieur dudit échangeur de chaleur 1. Ces déflecteurs 88 permettent notamment de rediriger le flux de deuxième fluide caloporteur vers la superposition d'ailettes 4 afin qu'il passe au travers. Pour ce deuxième exemple de la première variante du premier mode de réalisation, l'échangeur de chaleur 1 peut notamment être fabriqué selon un procédé de fabrication comportant les étapes suivantes : FIG. 5 shows a second example of the first variant where the retaining blades 8 are fixed by elastic casing at the level of the water boxes 6 of the collectors 7. This elastic casing can for example be made by hooks 61 projecting from the water boxes 6 and being inserted into complementary holes on the retaining blades 8. It is nevertheless quite possible to consider other ways of fixing the retaining blades 8 collectors 7, for example by gluing or screwing. In addition, it is also quite possible that the retaining blades 8 are fixed on the water boxes 6 and / or the collector plates 5 collectors 7. The retaining blades 8 may be straight, as shown in Figure 5, or be also bent. The retaining blades 8 may also comprise, in the plane of the row of tubes 3, deflectors 88 extending outwardly of said heat exchanger 1. These deflectors 88 allow in particular to redirect the flow of second heat transfer fluid to the superposition of fins 4 so that it passes through. For this second example of the first variant of the first embodiment, the heat exchanger 1 can in particular be manufactured according to a manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
• assemblage des tubes 3 et des ailettes 4 avec fixation desdites ailettes 4 sur lesdits tubes 3,  Assembly of the tubes 3 and the fins 4 with fixing said fins 4 on said tubes 3,
· mise en place des collecteurs 7,  · Setting up collectors 7,
• mise en place des lames de retenue 8 de part et d'autre de la superposition d'ailettes 4 et fixation desdites lames de retenue 8 sur les collecteurs 7.  • Placement of the retaining blades 8 on either side of the superposition of fins 4 and fixing said retaining blades 8 on the collectors 7.
La fixation des ailettes 4 sur les tubes 3 peut notamment être réalisée par élargissement des tubes 3, par exemple par insertion d'une olive d'un diamètre supérieur à celui de l'orifice du tube 3.  Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
La figure 6 montre un troisième exemple de la première variante où les plaques collectrices 5 comportent à chacune de leurs extrémités, dans le plan du rang de tubes 3, des décrochements 52 s'étendant vers le collecteur 7 opposé. Ces décrochements 52 permettent de maintenir les lames de retenue 8 contre les bords extérieurs des ailettes 4. Les lames de retenue 8 peuvent également être rectilignes, comme illustré sur la figure 6, ou bien être également cintrées. Pour ce troisième exemple de la première variante du premier mode de réalisation, l'échangeur de chaleur 1 peut notamment être fabriqué selon un procédé de fabrication comportant les étapes suivantes : FIG. 6 shows a third example of the first variant in which the collector plates 5 comprise, at each of their ends, in the plane of the row of tubes 3, recesses 52 extending towards the opposite collector 7. These recesses 52 can maintain the retaining blades 8 against the outer edges of the fins 4. The retaining blades 8 may also be straight, as shown in Figure 6, or be also bent. For this third example of the first variant of the first embodiment, the heat exchanger 1 may in particular be manufactured according to a manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
• assemblage des tubes 3 et des ailettes 4 avec fixation desdites ailettes 4 sur lesdits tubes 3,  Assembly of the tubes 3 and the fins 4 with fixing said fins 4 on said tubes 3,
• mise en place des lames de retenue 8 de part et d'autre de la superposition d'ailettes 4,  Placing the retaining blades 8 on either side of the superposition of fins 4,
• mise en place des plaques collectrices 5 comportant des décrochements 52 s'étendant vers le collecteur 7 opposé, de sorte à fixer et bloquer les lames de retenue 8,  Placing collector plates 5 comprising recesses 52 extending towards the opposite collector 7, so as to fix and block the retaining blades 8,
• mise en place des boîtes à eau 6 de sorte à former les collecteurs 7.  Placing the water boxes 6 so as to form the collectors 7.
La fixation des ailettes 4 sur les tubes 3 peut notamment être réalisée par élargissement des tubes 3, par exemple par insertion d'une olive d'un diamètre supérieur à celui de l'orifice du tube 3.  Fixing the fins 4 on the tubes 3 may in particular be carried out by widening the tubes 3, for example by inserting an olive with a diameter greater than that of the orifice of the tube 3.
Comme illustré à la figure 7, les ailettes 4 peuvent comporter des encoches 41 sur leurs bords extérieurs dans le plan du rang de tubes 3. Les lames de retenue 8 peuvent s'insérer dans lesdites encoches 41 afin d'éviter que lesdites lames de retenue 8 ne glissent où se déplacent. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the fins 4 may have notches 41 on their outer edges in the plane of the row of tubes 3. The retaining blades 8 may be inserted into said notches 41 in order to prevent said retaining blades 8 do not slide where are moving.
Selon une deuxième variante des modes de réalisation illustrés aux figures 4 à 8, le dispositif de retenue 8 comporte au moins un cerclage d'un ensemble d'au moins deux ailettes 4 superposées, comme illustré à la figure 8. According to a second variant of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 8, the retaining device 8 comprises at least one strapping of a set of at least two superimposed fins 4, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
Le cerclage 8 peut comporter deux supports 80, par exemple en U, chevauchant, dans le plan du rang de tubes 8, les bords extérieurs d'au moins deux ailettes 4. Les supports 80 sont maintenus par une bande de cerclage 81 entourant l'échangeur de chaleur 1, notamment perpendiculairement au plan du rang de tubes 3. La bande de cerclage 81 peut notamment avoir une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à la distance entre deux ailettes 4 superposées afin de limiter les pertes de charges du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur liées à la présence de ladite bande de cerclage 81. The strapping 8 may comprise two supports 80, for example in U, overlapping, in the plane of the row of tubes 8, the outer edges of at least two fins 4. The supports 80 are held by a strapping band 81 surrounding the heat exchanger 1, in particular perpendicular to the plane of the row of tubes 3. The strapping band 81 may in particular have a thickness less than or equal to the distance between two superposed fins 4 in order to limit the pressure drops of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid related to the presence of said strapping band 81.
La bande de cerclage 8 peut être réalisée par exemple au moyen d'un feuillard, d'un fil ou d'un câble entourant la superposition d'ailettes 4. La bande de cerclage 8 peut être réalisée en matière synthétique, comme par exemple en polyester ou polypropylène, en matière composite, comme par exemple en poly(p-phénylènetéréphtalamide), fibre de carbone ou fibre de verre, ou encore en matière métallique, comme par exemple en acier, acier inoxydable ou nickel. The strapping band 8 may be made for example by means of a strip, a wire or a cable surrounding the superposition of fins 4. The strapping band 8 may be made of synthetic material, such as for example polyester or polypropylene, composite material, such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), carbon fiber or fiberglass, or metal material, such as steel, stainless steel or nickel.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 9 et 10, le dispositif de retenue 8 peut comporter des tubes renforcés, situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes 3. Ces tubes renforcés 8 sont configurés pour subir un flambage inférieur à celui des autres tubes 3 du rang de tubes 3 du fait de la dilatation thermique des ailettes 4. According to another embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, the retaining device 8 may comprise reinforced tubes, located at each end of the row of tubes 3. These reinforced tubes 8 are configured to undergo a lower buckling than other tubes 3 of the row of tubes 3 due to the thermal expansion of the fins 4.
Cet autre mode de réalisation des figures 9 et 10 diffère des modes de réalisation illustrés aux figures 4 à 8 en ce que le dispositif de retenue n'est pas une pièce rapportée qui maintient la superposition d'ailettes 4, mais est des tubes renforcés 8 dans lesquels le premier fluide caloporteur peut circuler et donc qui participent aux échanges de chaleur. Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, le dispositif de retenue 8 maintient la superposition d'ailettes 4 et indirectement les tubes 3 de sorte à forcer la dilatation thermique au niveau des orifices 40. Les tubes renforcés 8 situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes 3 peuvent avoir une épaisseur de paroi plus importante afin d'être plus rigide. En variante ou en complément, les tubes renforcés 8 peuvent être réalisés en un matériau plus rigide que les autres tubes 3, par exemple en acier inoxydable. Toujours en variante ou en complément, les tubes renforcés 8 peuvent avoir une forme différente leur conférant une rigidité plus importante afin de résister aux forces exercées par la dilatation de la superposition d'ailettes 4. Comme illustré sur la figure 10, les tubes renforcés 8 peuvent notamment avoir une section transversale circulaire et les autres tubes 3 du rang de tubes 3 avoir une section transversale oblongue. This other embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 8 in that the retaining device is not an insert which maintains the superposition of fins 4, but is reinforced tubes. in which the first heat transfer fluid can circulate and therefore participate in heat exchange. In this second embodiment, the retaining device 8 maintains the superposition of fins 4 and indirectly the tubes 3 so as to force the thermal expansion at the orifices 40. The reinforced tubes 8 located at each end of the row of tubes 3 may have a larger wall thickness to be more rigid. Alternatively or in addition, the reinforced tubes 8 may be made of a more rigid material than the other tubes 3, for example stainless steel. Still alternatively or in addition, the reinforced tubes 8 may have a different shape conferring them a greater rigidity to withstand the forces exerted by the expansion of the superposition of fins 4. As illustrated in Figure 10, the reinforced tubes 8 may in particular have a circular cross section and the other tubes 3 of the row of tubes 3 have a oblong cross section.
Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 11 et 12, le dispositif de retenue 8 peut comporter au moins un peigne 8 comportant une base 82 et des dents 83 reposant sur ladite base 82, lesdites dents 83 étant séparées entre elles par des interstices 84. Lorsque ledit peigne 8 est placé dans l'échangeur de chaleur 1, les dents 83 s'intercalent entre deux ailettes 4 et s'insèrent entre les tubes 3 de sorte que les tubes 3 s'insèrent dans les interstices 84 et que le peigne 8 soit en contact avec la paroi desdits tubes 3. Le peigne 8 a un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur à celui des ailettes 4 de sorte qu'il puisse retenir les tubes 3 et donc empêcher la dilatation vers l'extérieur des ailettes 4. According to yet another embodiment illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, the retaining device 8 may comprise at least one comb 8 having a base 82 and teeth 83 resting on said base 82, said teeth 83 being separated from each other by interstices 84. When said comb 8 is placed in the heat exchanger 1, the teeth 83 are inserted between two fins 4 and fit between the tubes 3 so that the tubes 3 fit into the interstices 84 and the comb 8 is in contact with the wall of said tubes 3. The comb 8 has a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than that of the fins 4 so that it can retain the tubes 3 and thus prevent the outward expansion of the fins 4.
Cet autre mode de réalisation des figures 11 et 12, diffère des modes de réalisation illustrés au figures 4 à 8 d'une part et aux figures 9 et 10 d'autre part, en ce que le dispositif de retenue 8 maintient directement les tubes 3 afin d'éviter leur flambage. La superposition d'ailettes 4 est maintenue indirectement en place par l'intermédiaire des tubes 3 sorte à forcer la dilatation thermique au niveau des orifices 40. This other embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12 differs from the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 8 on the one hand and in FIGS. 9 and 10 on the other hand, in that the retaining device 8 directly holds the tubes 3 to avoid buckling. The superposition of fins 4 is held indirectly in place through the tubes 3 so as to force the thermal expansion at the orifices 40.
De préférence, le peigne 8 est réalisé en matériau métallique, ayant une bonne conduction thermique afin de participer aux échanges de chaleurs entre le premier et le deuxième fluide caloporteur. Le peigne 8 peut ainsi être réalisé en acier, acier inoxydable ou encore en un alliage métallique comportant l'un ou plusieurs composants choisis parmi le nickel, le cobalt, le fer, le titane, le molybdène le silicium le cuivre, le bismuth. Le peigne 8 a de préférence une épaisseur Ep inférieure ou égale à la distance entre les deux ailettes 4 entre lesquelles les dents 83 sont insérées. Cette épaisseur Ep permet premièrement d'insérer le peigne 8 entre deux ailettes 4 mais aussi permet de limiter les pertes de charges du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur liées à la présence dudit peigne 8. Preferably, the comb 8 is made of metal material, having good thermal conduction to participate in heat exchange between the first and second heat transfer fluid. Comb 8 can thus be made of steel, stainless steel or a metal alloy comprising one or more components selected from nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, copper and bismuth. The comb 8 preferably has a thickness Ep less than or equal to the distance between the two fins 4 between which the teeth 83 are inserted. This thickness Ep firstly makes it possible to insert the comb 8 between two fins 4 but also makes it possible to limit the pressure losses of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid related to the presence of said comb 8.
Afin de bien s'adapter aux tubes 3 et les maintenir, les interstices 84 entre les dents 83 dudit peigne 8 ont de préférence une forme complémentaire de la forme des tubes 3. In order to adapt well to the tubes 3 and to maintain them, the interstices 84 between the teeth 83 of said comb 8 preferably have a shape complementary to the shape of the tubes 3.
De même, la hauteur Hd des dents 83, correspondant à la profondeur des interstices 84, est supérieure ou égale à la moitié de la largeur des tubes 3.  Similarly, the height Hd of the teeth 83, corresponding to the depth of the interstices 84, is greater than or equal to half the width of the tubes 3.
Afin que le peigne n'augmente pas ou peu la largeur de l'échangeur de chaleur 1, la largeur Lp du peigne 8, correspondant à la hauteur Hd des dents 83 additionnée à la hauteur Hb de sa base 82, est de préférence inférieure ou égale à 1,5 fois la largeur La des ailettes 4 (visible sur la figure 7). So that the comb does not increase the width of the heat exchanger 1, the width Lp of the comb 8, corresponding to the height Hd of the teeth 83 added to the height Hb of its base 82, is preferably smaller or equal to 1.5 times the width of the fins 4 (visible in Figure 7).
Ainsi, on voit bien que l'échangeur de chaleur 1 du fait de la présence du dispositif de retenue 8, permet une augmentation de la conduction thermique au niveau de l'interface entre les ailettes 4 et les tubes 3 et donc augmente ses performances. Thus, it is clear that the heat exchanger 1 due to the presence of the retaining device 8, allows an increase in the thermal conduction at the interface between the fins 4 and the tubes 3 and therefore increases its performance.
Par ailleurs, l'échangeur de chaleur 1 mécanique, du fait des contraintes mécaniques appliquées sur la superposition d'ailettes 4, a des performances améliorées. De plus, de part son procédé de fabrication, l'augmentation des coûts de productions peut être maîtrisée. Furthermore, the mechanical heat exchanger 1, due to the mechanical stresses applied to the superposition of fins 4, has improved performance. In addition, because of its manufacturing process, the increase in production costs can be controlled.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Échangeur de chaleur (1) mécanique comportant : Mechanical heat exchanger (1) comprising:
• des tubes (3) parallèles les uns avec les autres et disposés en rang et dans lesquels un premier fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, et  • tubes (3) parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first coolant is able to circulate, and
• une pluralité d'ailettes (4) superposées au travers desquelles un deuxième fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, lesdites ailettes (4) comportant des orifices (40) par lesquels passent les tubes (3),  A plurality of superposed fins (4) through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate, said fins (4) having orifices (40) through which the tubes (3) pass,
caractérisé en ce que la superposition d'ailettes (4) est contrainte mécaniquement pour améliorer le contact au niveau de l'interface entre les ailettes et les tubes.  characterized in that the superposition of fins (4) is mechanically constrained to improve the contact at the interface between the fins and the tubes.
Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, comportant en outre au moins deux plaques collectrices (5) comprenant respectivement des trous (50) dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes (3), une plaque collectrice (5) étant disposée à chaque extrémité des tubes (3), Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, further comprising at least two collector plates (5) respectively comprising holes (50) in which the ends of the tubes (3) are introduced, a collector plate (5) being arranged at each end of the tubes (3),
caractérisé en ce que la superposition d'ailettes (4) est contrainte mécaniquement dans un état de déformation élastique, ladite superposition d'ailettes (4) étant maintenue dans une forme instable par les plaques collectrices (5) et les tubes (3) de sorte que si lesdites plaques collectrices (5) sont retirées, la superposition d'ailettes (4) retrouve une forme stable.  characterized in that the superposition of fins (4) is mechanically constrained in a state of elastic deformation, said superimposition of fins (4) being held in an unstable shape by the collecting plates (5) and the tubes (3) of so that if said collector plates (5) are removed, the superposition of fins (4) returns to a stable shape.
3. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la superposition d'ailettes (4) est, dans sa forme stable, cintrée dans le plan de circulation du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les trous (50) des plaques collectrices (5) sont alignés de sorte que les tubes (3) forment un rang rectiligne et que les ailettes (4) soient rectilignes. 3. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the superposition of fins (4) is, in its stable form, bent in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holes (50) of the collector plates (5) are aligned so that the tubes (3) form a rectilinear row and the fins (4). be straight.
Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit échangeur de chaleur (1) comporte un dispositif de retenue (8) configuré pour contraindre mécaniquement la superposition d'ailettes avec une force de retenue exercée dans le plan du rang de tubes (3) afin de maintenir la superposition d'ailettes (4) et/ou les tubes (3) en place de sorte à minimiser le flambage des tubes (3) dans le plan du rang des tubes (3) du fait de la dilatation thermique. Heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said heat exchanger (1) comprises a retaining device (8) configured to mechanically constrain the superposition of fins with a retaining force exerted in the plane of the row of tubes (3) in order to maintain the superposition of fins (4) and / or the tubes (3) in place so as to minimize the buckling of the tubes (3) in the plane of the row of the tubes (3) due to thermal expansion.
Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de retenue (8) vient en appui des bords extérieurs d'au moins une partie des ailettes (4), dans le plan du rang de tubes (3), de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes (4). Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the retaining device (8) abuts the outer edges of at least a portion of the fins (4), in the plane of the row of tubes (3). , on each side of the superposition of fins (4).
Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre : Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises:
0 au moins deux plaques collectrices (5) comprenant respectivement des trous (50) dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes (3), une plaque collectrice (5) étant disposée à chaque extrémité des tubes (3), 0 at least two header plates (5) respectively comprising holes (50) in which the tube ends are introduced (3), a collecting plate (5) being disposed at each end of the tubes (3),
0 une boîte à eau (6) recouvrant chaque plaque collectrice (5) de sorte à former un collecteur (7) apte à collecter ou distribuer le premier fluide caloporteur afin qu'il puisse circuler dans les tubes (3), 0 a water box (6) covering each collecting plate (5) so as to form a manifold (7) adapted to collect or distribute the first heat transfer fluid so that it can circulate through the tubes (3),
et que le dispositif de retenue (8) comprend une lame de retenue disposée de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes (4) et fixée à chacune de ces extrémités aux collecteurs (7) et venant en appui sur les bords extérieurs des ailettes (4) sur toute la hauteur de la superposition d'ailettes (4), de chaque côté de la superposition d'ailettes (4). and that the retaining device (8) comprises a retaining blade disposed on each side of the fins superimposition (4) and fixed at each of these ends to the collectors (7) and resting on the outer edges of the fins ( 4) on the entire height of the superposition of fins (4), on each side of the superposition of fins (4).
8. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les lames de retenue (8) sont cintrées, la partie convexe desdites lames de retenue (8) étant dirigée vers l'intérieur de l'échangeur de chaleur (1). 8. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the retaining blades (8) are bent, the convex portion of said retaining blades (8) being directed towards the inside of the heat exchanger ( 1).
9. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités des lames de retenue (8) sont fixées sur la plaque collectrice (5). 9. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the ends of the retaining blades (8) are fixed on the header plate (5).
10. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que les lames de retenue (8) sont fixées par emboîtage élastique au niveau des boîtes à eau (6) des collecteurs (7). 10. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the retaining blades (8) are fixed by elastic casing at the water boxes (6) of the collectors (7).
11. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les plaques collectrices (5) comportent à chacune de leurs extrémités, dans le plan du rang de tubes (3), des décrochements (52) s'étendant vers le collecteur (7) opposé, lesdits décrochements (52) maintenant les lames de retenue (8) contre les bords extérieurs des ailettes (4). 11. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the collector plates (5) have at each of their ends, in the plane of the row of tubes (3), recesses (52). ) extending towards the opposite manifold (7), said recesses (52) holding the retaining blades (8) against the outer edges of the fins (4).
12. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (4) comportent des encoches (41) sur leurs bords extérieurs dans le plan du rang de tubes (3), les lames de retenue (8) venant s'insérer dans lesdites encoches (41). 12. heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the fins (4) have notches (41) on their outer edges in the plane of the row of tubes (3), the blades retainer (8) fitting into said slots (41).
13. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les lames de retenue (8) comportent, dans le plan du rang de tubes (3), des déflecteurs (88) s'étendant vers l'extérieur dudit échangeur de chaleur (1). 13. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the retaining blades (8) comprise, in the plane of the row of tubes (3), deflectors (88) extending outwardly of said heat exchanger (1).
14. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de retenue (8) comporte au moins un cerclage d'un ensemble d'au moins deux ailettes (4) superposées. 14. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the retaining device (8) comprises at least one strapping of a set of at least two fins (4) superimposed.
15. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le cerclage (8) comporte deux supports (80) chevauchant, dans le plan du rang de tubes (8), les bords extérieurs d'au moins deux ailettes (4), lesdits supports (80) étant maintenus par une bande de cerclage (81) entourant l'échangeur de chaleur (1). 15. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the strapping (8) comprises two supports (80) overlapping, in the plane of the row of tubes (8), the outer edges of at least two fins (4), said supports (80) being held by a strapping band (81) surrounding the heat exchanger (1).
16. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la bande de cerclage (81) a une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à la distance entre deux ailettes (4) superposées. 16. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the strapping band (81) has a thickness less than or equal to the distance between two fins (4) superimposed.
17. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de retenue (8) comporte des tubes renforcés, situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes (3), lesdits tubes renforcés étant configurés pour subir un flambage inférieur à celui des autres tubes (3) du rang de tubes (3) du fait de la dilatation thermique. 17. heat exchanger (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the retaining device (8) comprises reinforced tubes, located at each end of the row of tubes (3), said reinforced tubes being configured to undergo buckling less than the other tubes (3) of the row of tubes (3) due to thermal expansion.
18. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les tubes renforcés (8) situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes (3) ont une section transversale circulaire et les autres tubes (3) du rang de tubes (3) ont une section transversale oblongue. 18. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the reinforced tubes (8) at each end of the row of tubes (3) have a circular cross section and the other tubes (3) of the row of tubes (3) have an oblong cross section.
19. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 17 ou 18, caractérisé en ce que les tubes renforcés (8) situés à chaque extrémité du rang de tubes (3) sont réalisés dans un matériau ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur au matériau dans lesquels sont réalisés les autres tubes (3) du rang de tubes (3). 19. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the reinforced tubes (8) at each end of the row of tubes (3) are made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than the material in which the other tubes (3) of the row of tubes (3) are made.
20. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de retenue (8) comporte au moins un peigne (8) comportant une base (82) et des dents (83) reposant sur ladite base (82), les dents (83) étant séparées par des interstices (84) dans lesquels s'insèrent des tubes (3), ledit peigne (8) étant intercalé entre deux ailettes (4) et en contact avec la paroi desdits tubes (3), ledit peigne (8) ayant un coefficient de dilatation thermique inférieur à celui des ailettes (4). 20. Heat exchanger (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the retaining device (8) comprises at least one comb (8) having a base (82) and teeth (83) resting on said base (82). ), the teeth (83) being separated by interstices (84) in which tubes (3) are inserted, said comb (8) being interposed between two fins (4) and in contact with the wall of said tubes (3) said comb (8) having a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the fins (4).
21. Échangeur de chaleur (4) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le peigne (8) a une épaisseur (Ep) inférieure ou égale à la distance entre les deux ailettes (4) entre lesquelles les dents (83) sont insérées. 21. Heat exchanger (4) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the comb (8) has a thickness (Ep) less than or equal to the distance between the two fins (4) between which the teeth (83) are inserted .
22. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 20 ou 21, caractérisé en ce que les interstices (84) ont une forme complémentaire de la forme des tubes (3). 22. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the interstices (84) have a shape complementary to the shape of the tubes (3).
23. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 20 à 22, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur (Hd) des dents (83), correspondant à la profondeur des interstice (84), est supérieure ou égale à la moitié de la largeur des tubes (3). 23. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the height (Hd) of the teeth (83), corresponding to the depth of the gap (84), is greater than or equal to half the width of the tubes (3).
24. Échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une des revendications 20 à 23, caractérisé en ce que la largeur (Lp) du peigne (8), correspondant à la hauteur (Hd) de ses dents (83) additionnée à la hauteur (Hb) de sa base (82), est inférieure ou égale à 1,5 fois la largeur (La) des ailettes (4). 24. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the width (Lp) of the comb (8) corresponding to the height (Hd) of its teeth (83) added to the height (Hb) of its base (82) is less than or equal to 1.5 times the width (La) of the fins (4).
25. Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur (1) mécanique, comportant • des tubes (3) parallèles les uns avec les autres et disposés en rang et dans lesquels un premier fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, et 25. A method of manufacturing a mechanical heat exchanger (1), comprising • tubes (3) parallel to each other and arranged in a row and in which a first coolant is able to circulate, and
• une pluralité d'ailettes (4) superposées au travers desquelles un deuxième fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler, lesdites ailettes (4) comportant des orifices (40) par lesquels passent les tubes (3),  A plurality of superposed fins (4) through which a second heat transfer fluid is able to circulate, said fins (4) having orifices (40) through which the tubes (3) pass,
• au moins deux plaques collectrices (5) comprenant respectivement des trous (50) dans lesquels sont introduites les extrémités des tubes (3), une plaque collectrice (5) étant disposée à chaque extrémité des tubes (3),  At least two collector plates (5) respectively comprising holes (50) in which the ends of the tubes (3) are introduced, a collector plate (5) being disposed at each end of the tubes (3),
ledit procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :  said method comprising the following steps:
• assemblage des tubes (3) et des ailettes (4) avec fixation desdites ailettes (4) sur lesdits tubes (3),  Assembling the tubes (3) and the fins (4) with fixing said fins (4) on said tubes (3),
• déformation élastique de la superposition d'ailettes (4),  • elastic deformation of the superposition of fins (4),
• mise en place des plaques collectrices (5) aux extrémités des tubes (3).  • Placing collector plates (5) at the ends of the tubes (3).
26. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que suite à la déformation élastique de la superposition d'ailettes (4), les extrémités des tubes (3) sont disposées de sorte à être placées en regard des trous (50) des plaques collectrices (5). 26. The manufacturing method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that following the elastic deformation of the superposition of fins (4), the ends of the tubes (3) are arranged so as to be placed opposite the holes (50). collecting plates (5).
27. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 25 ou 26, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, entre l'étape d'assemblage des tubes (3) et des ailettes (4) et l'étape de déformation élastique, une étape intermédiaire de déformation plastique de la superposition d'ailettes (4). 28. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'étape intermédiaire de déformation plastique de la superposition d'ailettes (4) est un cintrage dans le plan de circulation du flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur. 27. The manufacturing method according to one of claims 25 or 26, characterized in that it comprises, between the step of assembling the tubes (3) and the fins (4) and the elastic deformation step, a intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins (4). 28. Manufacturing process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the intermediate step of plastic deformation of the superposition of fins (4) is a bending in the flow plane of the flow of the second heat transfer fluid.
29. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 27 ou 28, caractérisé en ce que la superposition d'ailettes (4) a un profil rectiligne avant l'étape intermédiaire de déformation plastique et que ladite superposition d'ailettes (4) a un profil également rectiligne après l'étape de déformation élastique. 29. Manufacturing method according to one of claims 27 or 28, characterized in that the superposition of fins (4) has a straight profile before the intermediate step of plastic deformation and that said superimposition of fins (4) has a profile also rectilinear after the step of elastic deformation.
PCT/FR2017/051756 2016-06-29 2017-06-29 Mechanical heat exchanger and associated production method WO2018002544A2 (en)

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FR1656126A FR3053451A1 (en) 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 HEAT EXCHANGER MECHANICAL
FR1656125A FR3053450B1 (en) 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 MECHANICAL HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
FR1656126 2016-06-29
FR1656125 2016-06-29

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Cited By (3)

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CN109518442A (en) * 2018-12-24 2019-03-26 河南科隆集团有限公司 A kind of rotation bulging clothes dryer condenser structure
FR3109210A1 (en) * 2020-04-14 2021-10-15 Valeo Systemes Thermiques HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
CN115106705A (en) * 2022-08-30 2022-09-27 中国能源建设集团山西电力建设有限公司 Grouped butt welding positioning method for two water-cooled wall fin type tube bank assemblies

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IT8221239V0 (en) * 1981-04-15 1982-03-22 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr HEAT EXCHANGER
DE3432073A1 (en) * 1984-08-31 1986-03-06 Dirk Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. 3500 Kassel Pietzcker HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONNECTING ITS PIPES AND LAMPS

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109518442A (en) * 2018-12-24 2019-03-26 河南科隆集团有限公司 A kind of rotation bulging clothes dryer condenser structure
CN109518442B (en) * 2018-12-24 2023-09-26 河南科隆集团有限公司 Rotary bulging dryer condenser structure
FR3109210A1 (en) * 2020-04-14 2021-10-15 Valeo Systemes Thermiques HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
CN115106705A (en) * 2022-08-30 2022-09-27 中国能源建设集团山西电力建设有限公司 Grouped butt welding positioning method for two water-cooled wall fin type tube bank assemblies
CN115106705B (en) * 2022-08-30 2022-11-04 中国能源建设集团山西电力建设有限公司 Grouped butt welding positioning method for two water-cooled wall fin type tube bank assemblies

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