EP3728976A1 - Element intercalaire a texturation de surface, echangeur de chaleur et procede de fabrication associes - Google Patents
Element intercalaire a texturation de surface, echangeur de chaleur et procede de fabrication associesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3728976A1 EP3728976A1 EP18833695.2A EP18833695A EP3728976A1 EP 3728976 A1 EP3728976 A1 EP 3728976A1 EP 18833695 A EP18833695 A EP 18833695A EP 3728976 A1 EP3728976 A1 EP 3728976A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- pair
- wave
- oriented
- legs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
- F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
- F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/10—Secondary fins, e.g. projections or recesses on main fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spacer element for a plate and fin type heat exchanger, said spacer element having a surface texturing, and a method of manufacturing such an element and a heat exchanger comprising such an element.
- the present invention finds particular application in the field of gas separation by cryogenics, in particular the separation of air by cryogenics (known by the acronym "ASU" for air separation unit) exploited for the production of oxygen gas under pressure.
- ASU air separation unit
- the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes a liquid flow, for example liquid oxygen, nitrogen and / or argon by heat exchange with a caloric gas, by example air or nitrogen.
- the heat exchanger is in the tank of a distillation column, it can constitute a vaporizer operating as a thermosiphon for which the exchanger is immersed in a bath of liquid descending the column or a vaporizer operating in vaporization with a film fed directly by the liquid falling from the column and / or by a recirculation pump.
- the present invention can also be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporises at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one another fluid, for example natural gas.
- a heat exchanger which vaporises at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one another fluid, for example natural gas.
- the technology commonly used for a heat exchanger is that of plate and finned aluminum exchangers or brazed waves, which allow to obtain very compact devices with a large exchange surface.
- These exchangers comprise separating plates between which are inserted heat exchange structures, generally corrugated structures or waves, formed of a succession of fins or wave legs, thus constituting a stack of passages for the different fluids to put in heat exchange relationship.
- the performance of an exchanger is related to the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange structures in contact with the fluids.
- the heat exchange coefficient of a structure depends in particular on the nature of the material constituting it, the porosity of this material, its roughness and the flow regime of the fluids.
- documents US 2005/0121181 A, US 2016/0305720 A1 or US 5 514 248 A are known from different configurations of exchange structures, in particular corrugated structures having deformations in the form of bosses, perforations or openings of the type Blinds.
- surface deposits of porous or relief-forming coatings may be made on the surface of structures, or else such surface conditions may be created by mechanical treatments or chemical etching.
- WO-A-2004/109211 discloses a method of depositing a porous coating on the surface of a separator plate of a heat exchanger.
- a problem that arises with the use of intensified surfaces by texturing in brazed aluminum exchangers concerns the assembly of elements comprising such surfaces during the manufacture of the exchanger.
- connection of the constituent elements of the exchanger is carried out by brazing with use of a filler metal, called solder or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of the brazing agent within parts to be brazed, without melting them.
- one solution is to effect the texturing of the heat exchange structures after soldering of these structures in the exchanger has been achieved.
- the present invention aims to solve all or part of the problems mentioned above, including improving the manufacture of a heat exchanger plate type and brazed fins having exchange structures with improved thermal properties.
- the solution according to the invention is then an intermediate element for a plate and fin type heat exchanger brazed, intended to be mounted between a first plate and a second plate of the exchanger, said intermediate element comprising:
- At least a first assembly portion configured to be assembled with the first plate and comprising a first pair of opposed surfaces, one of the surfaces of the first pair being oriented on the side of the first plate and the other of the surfaces of the first pair. the first pair being oriented on the side of the second plate when the intermediate element is in the mounted state,
- At least one surface texturing in the form of a porous structure or of reliefs formed on a surface of the intermediate element, at least one fin or wave leg having said surface texturing,
- the first assembly portion is free of surface texturing on the surface of the first oriented pair, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate.
- the element of the invention may comprise one or more of the following technical characteristics:
- the intermediate element comprises a solid or solid substrate, the surface texturing being formed or deposited on a surface of the substrate.
- at least one fin or wave leg comprises a third pair of opposite surfaces, one and / or the other of the surfaces of the third pair having said surface texturing.
- the first assembly portion has the surface texturing on the surface of the first oriented pair, in the assembled state, on the side of the second plate.
- the first assembly portion is arranged between two successive fins or legs, the surface of the first pair oriented, in the mounted state, on the side of the second plate having two ends each connected to a respective surface of each two fins or legs of waves, the surface of the first pair and said respective surfaces of the fins having surface texturing.
- the element comprises at least a second assembly portion configured to be assembled with the second plate and comprising a second pair of opposed surfaces, one of the surfaces of the second pair being oriented on the side of the first plate and the other surfaces of the second pair being oriented on the side of the second plate when the intermediate element is in the mounted state, said second assembly portion being free of surface texturing on at least the surface of the second oriented pair, in the mounted state, on the side of the second plate.
- the second assembly portion has the surface texturing on the surface of the second oriented pair, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate.
- the second assembly portion is arranged between two successive fins or wave legs, the surface of the second pair oriented, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate having two ends each connected to a respective surface of each two fins or wavelength legs, said surface of the second pair and said respective surfaces of the fins having surface texturing.
- the first assembly portion and / or the second assembly portion are arranged, in the assembled state, parallel to the first and second plates, the fins or wave legs succeeding in a lateral direction and defining, in the mounted state, a plurality of channels configured to channel the first fluid in a longitudinal direction parallel to the first and second plates and orthogonal to the direction lateral.
- said at least one fin or wavelength extends in a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction and form an angle ⁇ with respect to the first assembly portion and / or the second assembly portion, the angle a being less than or equal to 90 °.
- the surface texturing is in the form of a porous structure having an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably an open porosity of between 20 and 45% (% by volume), or in the form of reliefs defining, in cross-section, cavities open on the surface of the intermediate element.
- the element is in the form of a corrugated product comprising a succession of wave legs alternately connected by wave peaks and wave bases, at least one wave vertex comprising said first assembly portion and / or at least one wave base comprising said second assembly portion.
- the corrugated product having a density, defined as the number of legs of wave per unit of length measured along the lateral direction, lower than 18 legs by 2.54 centimeters preferably less than 10 legs per 2.54 centimeters, more preferably less than or equal to 5 legs per 2.54 centimeters.
- the corrugated product is formed from a flat product having a thickness of at least 0.15 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.
- the invention further relates to a heat exchanger of the brazed plate and fin type comprising a plurality of plates arranged parallel to each other so as to define a series of passages for the flow of a first fluid to be in exchange relation.
- thermal device with at least a second fluid, and at least one intermediate element mounted between two successive plates defining a passage so as to form, within the passage, several channels for the flow of said first fluid, characterized in that the intermediate element is according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing an intermediate element for a heat exchanger of the type with brazed plates and fins, said method comprising the following steps:
- the intermediate element a) shaping the intermediate element so that it has fins or legs defining, when the intermediate element is mounted between a first plate and a second plate of the exchanger, a plurality of channels for the flow of a first fluid, and at least a first assembly portion configured to be assembled with a first plate and comprising a first pair of opposing surfaces, one of which is oriented on the side of the first plate and the other is oriented towards the second plate when the intermediate element is in the mounted state,
- the method comprises, prior to step c), a step b) of depositing a fusible coating on that of the surfaces of the first pair oriented in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate, the step of ) comprising a heat treatment of the spacer element so as to remove the fusible coating and the surface texturizing portion formed on said fusible coating.
- the method comprises, prior to step c), the application of a mask on that of the surfaces of the first oriented pair, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate, step d) being carried out by removing the mask.
- step d) is carried out mechanically, preferably by brushing or sanding.
- Figure 1 illustrates an example of a heat exchanger comprising a spacer element according to the invention
- Figure 2 illustrates an example of assembly of a spacer element according to the invention brazed to a heat exchanger plate;
- Figures 3 to 6 show different views of a spacer element according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 7 illustrates various embodiments of a spacer element assembled between two heat exchanger plates
- Figure 8 illustrates steps of a method of manufacturing a spacer element according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a heat exchanger comprises a stack of plates arranged parallel to one above the other with spacing and thus forming several series of parallelepipedal and flat shaped passages for the flow of a first fluid. and at least one second fluid to be in indirect heat exchange relationship via the plates.
- the first fluid comprises a refrigerant to be vaporized at least partially.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of passage 33 of a exchanger 1 of the evaporator-condenser type fed with liquid oxygen.
- This vaporizer-condenser vaporizes the liquid oxygen OL under low pressure (typically slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure) collected at the bottom of a column, by medium pressure nitrogen condensation (typically from 5 to 6 bars absolute) circulating in passages adjacent passages 33 (not shown) dedicated to the circulation of oxygen.
- the medium pressure nitrogen is most often taken in the gaseous state at the head of a medium pressure air distillation column to which the low pressure column mentioned above is connected. After passing and at least partial condensation in the vaporizer-condenser, this nitrogen is returned to the medium pressure column.
- the exchanger 1 can vaporize at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, by for example, a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
- All or part of the vaporization passages 33 of the exchanger 1 are provided with intermediate elements 22 defining, within the passages 33, channels 26 for the circulation of liquid oxygen and can take different forms.
- the intermediate elements 22 may have corrugated shapes, as shown in FIG. 3, and comprise wave legs 123 alternatively connected by wave-peaks 121 and wave bases 122.
- the spacer elements 22 may take on other particular shapes defined according to the desired fluid flow characteristics. More generally, the term “fins” covers blades or other secondary surfaces of heat exchange, which extend between the primary surfaces of heat exchange, that is to say the plates of the heat exchanger, in the passages of the exchanger.
- the intermediate elements 22 are soldered to the separator plates of the exchanger.
- the bonding is carried out by vacuum brazing using a filler metal 30, referred to as solder or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of brazing agent 30 in the parts to be soldered, that is to say in the base metal, without melting them.
- Figure 2 is a partial view of an intermediate element 22 assembled to a first plate 6 adapted to define, in association with another second parallel plate 7 (not shown), a passage 33 of the exchanger 1.
- the intermediate element 22 and the plate 6 respectively comprise assembly portions 121, 60 intended to be brazed with each other.
- the assembly portions 121, 60 are positioned against each other, preferably with a small gap between them in order to interpose the brazing agent 30.
- the assembly portions 121, 60 may be those where the clearance between the parts 22, 6 is the smallest, typically the portions at which the parts 22, 6 are in contact with each other or substantially contact, that is to say with a very weak game existing between all or part of said portions, one with the other.
- the plates 6, 7 of the exchanger are rolled plates comprising a central sheet 40, each face of which is coated with a layer 30.
- the brazing agent 30 may take the form of The coating layer 30 may be deposited by spraying or by brushing the brazing agent 30 in the form of a powder suspension containing the powder, a dispersing agent or a coating agent. , a binder, additives to control the viscosity.
- the brazing agent 30 has a thickness e of between 50 and 300 miti, preferably between 100 and 250 pm.
- the brazing agent 30 is preferably formed of a metallic material having a lower melting temperature than the materials constituting the parts 6, 22.
- the parts 6, 22 and 30 are preferably formed of aluminum alloy.
- the plates 6 and the elements 22 of the exchanger are advantageously formed of a first aluminum alloy of the 3XXX family, preferably of the 3003 type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B).
- the brazing agent 30 is formed of a second aluminum alloy, preferably an alloy of the 4XXX type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B), in particular of the 4004 type.
- the spacer element 22 comprises a plurality of fins or wave legs 123 configured to delimit, when the element 22 is mounted between a first plate 6 and a second plate 7 of the exchanger, a plurality of channels 26 for the flow of the first fluid.
- the element 22 further comprises at least a first assembly portion 121 configured to be assembled with the first plate 6 and comprising a first pair of opposed surfaces 121a, 121b, one 121a having surfaces of the first pair being oriented on the side of the first plate 6 and the other 121 b of the surfaces of the first pair being oriented on the side of the second plate 7 when the intermediate element 22 is in the mounted state.
- the intermediate element 22 further comprises at least one surface texturing 23 in the form of a porous structure or reliefs formed on a surface of the intermediate element 22.
- At least one surface texturing is present on a surface of at least one fin or waving leg 123 of the intermediate element 22.
- the intermediate element may have a surface or a plurality of predetermined forms of surface texturization distributed over different areas of its surface, it being understood that surface texturing may be carried out in the surface of the constituent material of the intermediate element as well as deposited therein, that is, that is to say result from an addition of additional material on the surface of the intermediate element.
- the first assembly portion 121 is free of surface texturing 23 on its surface 121a which is oriented, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate 6.
- the wettability and the good soldability of the surface of the spacer element intended to be positioned against an adjacent plate are preserved in order to be assembled by brazing.
- the distribution of solder at the joint can be controlled, resulting in a seal having good mechanical and thermal properties. It is thus possible to use the traditional methods of manufacturing soldered plate and fin exchangers.
- the intermediate element 22 is a corrugated product comprising a succession of wave legs 123 alternately connected by wave-points 121 and wave-bases 122. At least one wave-top 121 comprises a first assembly portion 121 according to the invention.
- insert element 22 may take any other suitable form and does not necessarily include all the features detailed below.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a corrugated heat exchange structure 22.
- a plurality of wave legs 123 of elongate shape extend parallel to each other and generally in a so-called longitudinal direction z.
- the wave legs succeed one another in a lateral direction x, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction z, and are alternately connected by wave vertices 121 and wave bases 122.
- the wave peaks 121 and the wave bases 122 are of plane shape and extend parallel to each other and perpendicular to the wave legs 123.
- the channels 26 for the first fluid which are formed between two successive wave legs and a vertex or a base arranged between said successive wave legs, and have a cross section of generally rectangular shape.
- Figure 4 illustrates a straight wave having flat surface wave legs 123.
- Other configurations of intermediate element 22 are of course conceivable, including perforated straight wave, partial offset wave, wave wave or herringbone ("herringbone" in English) configurations.
- FIG. 7 (a) An element 22 according to Figure 4 is visible in Figure 7 (a) in the mounted state, that is to say mounted between a first and a second plate 6, 7 directly adjacent forming a passage 33.
- the passage 33 is of generally parallelepipedal shape and configured to channel the first fluid parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the first fluid flows over the width of the passage 33, measured along the lateral direction x, between an inlet and an outlet of the passage 33 located at two opposite ends along the length of the passage 33, measured in the longitudinal direction z.
- the wave legs 123 define in the passage 33 a plurality of channels 26 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the element 22 preferably extends over almost all, or even all, of the height of the passages, measured in a vertical direction y perpendicular to the plates 6, 7, in order to be in contact or quasi-contact with the plates 6, 7.
- the wave peaks 121 and the wave bases 122 are arranged parallel to the plates 6, 7.
- the height of the element 22 can be adapted to the height of the passage 33 so that there is a set of a predetermined value, as indicated by the reference "d" in FIG. 8 (e), between the wave peaks 121 and the first plate 6 and between the wave bases 122 and the second plate 7.
- a predetermined value as indicated by the reference "d" in FIG. 8 (e)
- the solder can modify the microstructure of the surface texturing by filling the pores or cavities present on the surface.
- the clearance d is between 0 and 0.1 mm, more preferably between 0 and 0.05 mm.
- the intermediate element 22 is arranged in the so-called "easyway" configuration in the passage 33, that is to say that the wave legs 123 extend generally in the direction of flow of the first fluid in the passage 33.
- the direction of flow of the first fluid is preferably vertical, the direction of flow may be upward or downward.
- an intermediate element 22 according to the invention in a zone 3 of a passage 33 of the exchanger in which the ascending oxygen penetrates, the intermediate element thus having on the surface porosities or reliefs multiplying the priming for the formation of the oxygen gas bubble OG.
- each wave vertex 121 comprises a first assembly portion 121 according to the invention.
- the surface 121 a of the wave vertex positioned against the first plate 6 is thus free of surface texturing 23, which allows to firmly braze a reciprocal assembly portion on the first plate 6 during the manufacture of the exchanger.
- each wave base 122 comprises a second assembly portion 122 configured to be assembled, in the assembled state, with the second plate 7.
- said second assembly portion comprises a second pair of opposed surfaces 122a, 122b, 122b of the surfaces of the second pair oriented on the side of the second plate 7 being free of surface texturing 23.
- said first assembly portions 121, the fins or wave legs 123, and said second assembly portions 122 if present are monoblock, i. e. formed of a single piece.
- each wave leg 123 comprises a third pair of opposed surfaces 123a, 123b, one and / or the other of the surfaces 123a, 123b of the third having said surface texturing 23, preferably all or almost all of it.
- almost all of a surface or element means a portion representing at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%. % of the area of that area or the total area of that element.
- Figure 5 illustrates an example where all the wave legs 123 have at least one surface texturing on their two surfaces 123a, 123b.
- Each channel 26 thus has two side walls 123a, 123b whose internal surfaces are intensified.
- the first assembly portion 121 also has the surface texturing 23 on the surface 121 b of the first oriented pair, in the mounted state, on the side of the second plate 7, preferably on all or almost all -totality of said surface 121 b.
- the second assembly portion 122 may also have the surface texturing 23 on the surface 122a of the second oriented pair, in the assembled state, on the side of the first plate 6, preferably on all or almost all of said surface 122a. This makes it possible to maximize the area of surface texturing 23 present on the intermediate element 22 and thus to maximize the heat transfer efficiency within the channels 26 delimited by the intermediate element.
- each channel 26 has an inner surface formed, in the mounted state, alternately by the surface 122a of a wave base 122 facing the first plate 6, the surface 6b of the first plate 6 facing towards the base 122 and the respective surfaces 123a, 123b of the two wave legs 123 connected to the ends of said wave base 122, and by the surface 121b of a wave vertex 121 facing the second plate 7, the surface 7a of the second plate 7 facing the wave vertex 121 and the respective surfaces 123a, 123b of the two wave legs 123 connected to the ends of said wave vertex 121.
- the heat exchange is intensified over a greater part of the surfaces of the element 22 which form in the mounted state, the inner surface of the channels 26.
- the surfaces 6a, 6b, and 7a, 7b of the plates 6, 7 are free of surface texturing. This preserves the quality of solder joints formed with the plates.
- Figure 7 (a) illustrates a configuration in which the wave legs 123 extend parallel to the longitudinal direction z and perpendicular to the wave peaks 121 and the wave bases 122 of the element 22.
- the wave legs 123 extend in a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal direction z and which forms an angle ⁇ less than 90 °. with the first assembly portion 121 on the one hand and with the second assembly portion 122 on the other.
- the inner surface portion of the channels 26, which may have surface texturing is maximized and the internal surface portion of the channels is minimized.
- channels 26 which can not generally present texturing, this portion being formed, according to the channel considered, by the surface 6b of the first plate 6 oriented towards the wave base 122 or the surface 7a of the second plate 7 oriented towards the wave top 121.
- the angle a is between 60 and 90 °, more preferably the angle a is between 70 and 85 °.
- accessibility to the surfaces on which the surface texturing is to be formed is maintained while increasing the intensified channel area.
- the corrugated product 22 is preferably formed from a flat product, such as a sheet or strip, having a thickness of at least 0.15 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. This thickness is indicated by the letter "t" in FIG. 3.
- the implementation of surface texturing 23 requires large thermal fluxes, particularly when the function of the surface texturing 23 is to intensify the boiling of the first fluid. It is therefore advantageous to use a relatively thick spacer element in order to maintain the largest possible fin coefficient, that is to say a better ability of the fins to transmit heat.
- the fin coefficient is a number typically between 0 and 1, the latter being equal to 1 at the point of contact with an adjacent plate and decreasing on the fin when moving away from the plate.
- the point in the middle of the fin is the point where the fin coefficient is the lowest.
- the corrugated product 22 has a density, defined as the number of legs per unit length measured along the lateral direction x, less than 18 legs per 2.54 centimeters, preferably less than 10 legs. wave by 2.54 centimeters, more preferably less than or equal to 5 legs per 2.54 cm.
- the density can be between 1 and 5 legs per 2.54 centimeters. Note that these density values are applicable to a spacer element which is not necessarily a corrugated product, the fins succeeding one another in the lateral direction x and the density then being defined as the number of fins per unit length, measured following the lateral direction x.
- the use of a relatively low density facilitates the deposition phase of the surface texturing on the fins or legs of wave, their surface being more accessible.
- the use of a spacer element of lower density facilitates the removal of bubbles created in the surface texturing.
- the spacer element 22 comprises a solid substrate, or otherwise a solid substrate, in particular a non-porous substrate, on which the texturing 23 is formed.
- the substrate is visible in black in FIG. 7 for example.
- the substrate may comprise one or more first and / or second assembly portions, the fins or wave legs.
- the intermediate element is preferably monobloc, that is to say formed of a single piece.
- the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the element or from a modification of the surface state of said component element obtained by a chemical, mechanical or equivalent treatment for example by sandblasting, grooving ....
- the surface coating can be deposited on the substrate deposited by a liquid route, in particular by dipping, spraying or electrolytically, by the dry route, in particular by chemical vapor deposition (Chemical Vapor Deposition or CVD) or physical deposition. in the vapor phase (physical vapor deposition or CVD), or by thermal spraying, in particular by flame or by plasma.
- CVD chemical Vapor Deposition
- CVD physical vapor deposition
- thermal spraying in particular by flame or by plasma.
- the surface texturing is formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy comprising, for 100% of its mass, at least 80% by weight of aluminum, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 80% by weight. less than 99% aluminum.
- the surface texturing 23 is in the form of a porous structure, preferably a porous layer.
- the porous structure may for example be formed of a deposition of slightly sintered aluminum particles, entangled aluminum filaments, semi-fused aluminum particles bonded to each other, such as aluminum particles which are obtained after projection that is obtained by flame thermal projection.
- the surface texturing 23 has before brazing an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably between 20 and 45%, more preferably an initial open porosity of between 25 and 35% (% by volume).
- the open porosity is defined as the ratio between the volume of the open pores, that is to say the pores fluidly communicating with the external environment in which the piece 22 is located, and the total volume of the porous structure .
- the pores of the porous structure 23 preferably have a diameter between 1 and 200 miti, preferably between 5 and 100 pm. Noting that the pores are not necessarily circular in section but may have irregular shapes.
- the term "diameter” therefore also covers an equivalent hydraulic diameter which can be calculated from the measurement of the pressure drop experienced by a gas flow through the porous structure and by assuming that the pores have a regular shape, in particular a spherical shape, cylindrical, ...
- the pores of the porous structure 23 have a volume of between 1000 and 1000 000 pm 3 .
- the pore volume may for example be determined by tomography or image analysis of polished sections of samples taken in a multitude of directions in space.
- the surface texturing 23 may be in the form of reliefs, or patterns, printed or made in or on the material constituting the intermediate element 22.
- these reliefs define, in cross section, open cavities on the surface of the element 22.
- micro-reliefs or various size or morphology, such as grooves, discrete or uninterrupted, streaks, protuberances, ... may be formed or deposited on the surface of the
- the reliefs forming the surface texturing 23 can be made by laser or mechanical and / or chemical machining.
- micro-reliefs are meant reliefs which have at least one small characteristic dimension with respect to a dimension of the element, in particular reliefs which extend a height, measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the element insert having the texturing, and / or a width, measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the interlayer having the texturing, of the order of a few micrometers and several hundred micrometers.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the main steps of a manufacturing process that can be used to manufacture an intermediate element 22, in the case where it is in the form of a corrugated product intended to be arranged between a first plate 6 and a second plate 7.
- the manufacturing method described below can be applied to other forms of spacer elements.
- the intermediate member 22 is first shaped, typically by stamping, then cut into width and length to form a corrugated mat 22 of the desired size and degreased.
- element 22 has, after shaping, a succession of vertices and wave bases constituting first and second assembly portions intended to be brazed under empty respectively with adjacent plates 6, 7 of the exchanger.
- the method comprises a step c) during which at least one surface texturing 23 is formed on all or almost all of the intermediate element 22.
- a surface texturing is applied at all surfaces of the spacer element, including pairs of opposing surfaces at the vertex and base levels.
- texturing 23 may be formed by depositing a suspension type coating.
- the material constituting the texturing and additives such as thickening, porogenic elements, etc. is suspended in a binder. This technique makes it possible to produce coatings on waves of greater density than it is difficult to treat by thermal spraying because of poor accessibility to surfaces.
- a first solution, illustrated in FIG. 8 (c), is to deposit, before forming texturing 23, a fusible coating on the surfaces of the element 22 that it is desired to see, at the end of the manufacturing process, free of surface texturing 23. Heat treatment of the element 22 is then carried out so as to remove the fuse coating 25, and with it the surface portions 23.
- a mask may be affixed to these surfaces prior to surface texturing. Once the surface texturing formed on the entire element 22, the mask is removed.
- the mask can be made from a sheet having openings.
- the mask is plated as close as possible to the surfaces to be masked of the element 22 in order to avoid any deposit.
- the openings are positioned facing the surfaces of the element 22 on which the texturing 23 is to be formed.
- the mask may be formed of an alloy steel or a nickel alloy, preferably a nickel-iron-chromium alloy, in particular an alloy of the 800H type, which offers good resistance to high temperature.
- Another solution is to remove the surface texturing in the desired areas by means of a mechanical process, for example by brushing or sanding the surfaces of the element 22.
- the intermediate member 22 thus manufactured is then mounted between a first plate 6 and a second plate 7 of the exchanger, and then soldered to said plates, as shown in Figure 8 (e).
- Deposition tests of a porous structure were carried out on a corrugated product having a density of 6 wavelengths per 2.54 centimeters and a height of 5 mm.
- the corrugated product was formed from a strip of 0.5 mm thickness.
- a mask formed of an alloy sheet of type 800H was affixed to the corrugated product. It had a series of laser cut 4.2 mm wide slots. The solid portions of the mask were arranged at the wave-points of the corrugated product.
- the deposit was made by flame thermal spraying from an aluminum wire comprising, for 100% of its mass, 99.5% of aluminum. These tests have made it possible to selectively deposit on the waved product's wavelengths a surface texturing in the form of a porous layer with a thickness of 200 to 300 ⁇ m and an open porosity of around 30%. .
- the porous layer exhibited good adhesion characteristics on the surface of the corrugated product.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1762414A FR3075340B1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | Element intercalaire a texturation de surface, echangeur de chaleur et procede de fabrication associes |
PCT/FR2018/053329 WO2019122651A1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-12-17 | Element intercalaire a texturation de surface, echangeur de chaleur et procede de fabrication associes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3728976A1 true EP3728976A1 (fr) | 2020-10-28 |
Family
ID=61132751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18833695.2A Withdrawn EP3728976A1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-12-17 | Element intercalaire a texturation de surface, echangeur de chaleur et procede de fabrication associes |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210088292A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3728976A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2021508022A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN111465814A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3075340B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019122651A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11168949B2 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-11-09 | Senior Uk Limited | Heat exchangers with improved heat transfer fin insert |
EP3842726A1 (fr) | 2019-12-25 | 2021-06-30 | Showa Denko Packaging Co., Ltd. | Échangeur de chaleur et son ailette interne |
CN115900422A (zh) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-04-04 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | 换热器的处理方法和换热器 |
FR3127561B1 (fr) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-10-27 | Air Liquide | Echangeur comprenant au moins une structure d’échange thermique à surface striée |
Family Cites Families (17)
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US3384154A (en) * | 1956-08-30 | 1968-05-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Heat exchange system |
JPS5528483A (en) * | 1978-08-22 | 1980-02-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat transfer surface and its preparation |
JPS5866634A (ja) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-04-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 放熱器の製造方法 |
US5514248A (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1996-05-07 | Showa Aluminum Corporation | Stack type evaporator |
US6544662B2 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2003-04-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Process for manufacturing of brazed multi-channeled structures |
US6367543B1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-04-09 | Thermal Corp. | Liquid-cooled heat sink with thermal jacket |
FR2834783B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-17 | 2004-06-11 | Air Liquide | Ailette d'echange thermique, son procede de fabrication et echangeur de chaleur correspondant |
US6834515B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-12-28 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Plate-fin exchangers with textured surfaces |
US20040251008A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | O'neill Patrick S. | Method for making brazed heat exchanger and apparatus |
FR2865027B1 (fr) * | 2004-01-12 | 2006-05-05 | Air Liquide | Ailette pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur muni de telles ailettes |
FR2887020B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-09 | 2007-08-31 | Air Liquide | Echangeur de chaleur a plaques avec structure d'echange formant plusieurs canaux dans un passage |
US8726691B2 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2014-05-20 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Air separation apparatus and method |
FR2945337B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-06 | 2012-05-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif d'echange thermique a coefficient d'echange thermique augmente et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif |
CN103575140A (zh) * | 2012-07-19 | 2014-02-12 | 格伦格斯有限公司 | 用于电力电子设备和电池冷却的具有焊接管的紧凑型铝换热器 |
JP6225042B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-14 | 2017-11-01 | 住友精密工業株式会社 | プレートフィン熱交換器、及び、熱交換器用コルゲートフィンの製造方法 |
KR101706263B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-02-15 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | 웨이비 핀, 이를 구비하는 열교환기, 이를 제조하기 위한 장치, 이를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 이 방법이 기록된 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록매체 |
WO2019210413A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-01 | 2019-11-07 | Dana Canada Corporation | Échangeur de chaleur doté d'une surface de transfert de chaleur multizone |
-
2017
- 2017-12-19 FR FR1762414A patent/FR3075340B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-12-17 CN CN201880080768.0A patent/CN111465814A/zh active Pending
- 2018-12-17 WO PCT/FR2018/053329 patent/WO2019122651A1/fr unknown
- 2018-12-17 US US16/954,488 patent/US20210088292A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-12-17 JP JP2020532904A patent/JP2021508022A/ja active Pending
- 2018-12-17 EP EP18833695.2A patent/EP3728976A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3075340A1 (fr) | 2019-06-21 |
WO2019122651A1 (fr) | 2019-06-27 |
JP2021508022A (ja) | 2021-02-25 |
US20210088292A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
CN111465814A (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
FR3075340B1 (fr) | 2021-04-30 |
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