EP3692093A1 - Composition de poudre thermoplastique et objet tridimensionnel renforce fabrique par impression 3d d'une telle composition - Google Patents
Composition de poudre thermoplastique et objet tridimensionnel renforce fabrique par impression 3d d'une telle compositionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3692093A1 EP3692093A1 EP18793457.5A EP18793457A EP3692093A1 EP 3692093 A1 EP3692093 A1 EP 3692093A1 EP 18793457 A EP18793457 A EP 18793457A EP 3692093 A1 EP3692093 A1 EP 3692093A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- μιτι
- composition
- oxide
- powder
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2309/08—Glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/004—Additives being defined by their length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/016—Additives defined by their aspect ratio
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoplastic powder composition, especially polyamide, reinforced by glass fibers, and its use in powder agglomeration processes, layer by layer, by melting or sintering to manufacture reinforced three-dimensional objects.
- These reinforced 3D objects have particularly advantageous mechanical properties in the following fields: automobile, railway, maritime, road transport, wind, aeronautics and space, sports, building, signs and leisure.
- the term "reinforced 3D object” means a three-dimensional object or piece that presents:
- TFC temperature of deflection under load
- 150 ° C preferably at least 180 ° C, determined according to ISO 75-2: 2013 (F), bars laid flat, method A (using a load of 1.8 MPa), with a temperature ramp of heating 50 ° Ch-l.
- 3D printing or “additive manufacturing” means any process for manufacturing parts in volume by adding or agglomerating powder, layer by layer. Agglomeration of powders by fusion (hereinafter “sintering") is caused by radiation, such as for example a laser beam (laser sintering), infrared radiation, UV radiation, or any source of electromagnetic radiation for melting the layer powder by layer to make three-dimensional objects.
- sintering is caused by radiation, such as for example a laser beam (laser sintering), infrared radiation, UV radiation, or any source of electromagnetic radiation for melting the layer powder by layer to make three-dimensional objects.
- 3D printing or “additive manufacturing” also refers to selective sintering technologies using an absorber, in particular the technologies known under the names “High Speed Sintering” (HSS) and “Multi-Jet Fusion” (MJF).
- HSS High Speed Sintering
- MVF Multi-Jet Fusion
- the fabrication of 3D objects is also done layer by layer from a digital file, the process using a powder (for example a polymer) which is melted in a controlled manner for each layer constituting the 3D object.
- an absorber is deposited on the layer (by means for example of a liquid ink in the "ink jet process") before the exposure of the layer to electromagnetic radiation (for example infra-red) which causes the merging the zones containing said absorber.
- electromagnetic radiation for example infra-red
- 3D printing is generally used to produce prototypes, part models ("rapid prototyping") or to produce finished parts in small series (“rapid manufacturing”), for example in the fields: automotive, nautical, aeronautical, aerospace, medical (prostheses, auditory systems, cellular tissues ...), textiles, clothing, fashion, decoration, housings for electronics, telephony, home automation, computers, lighting.
- the present invention is particularly interested in markets:
- the articles must evolve towards more lightness in order to reduce as much as possible the energy spent during their use. They must also allow the athlete to obtain the sensations necessary for the control of the movements and to transmit quickly the muscular impulses.
- the rigidity of a piece is directly related to the elastic modulus of the constituent material of this piece and to the cube of the thickness of the walls.
- a high module material makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the parts thus to gain a lot in lightness of these while keeping rigidity necessary for a good elastic return essential for the sportsman.
- materials based on polyamides reinforced with glass fibers are generally chosen both for their mechanical properties and their physico-chemical resistance. These polyamides are easy to implement by conventional injection, extrusion, molding and / or assembly processes.
- the 3D printing processes require a prior transformation of these PA in the form of powders of adequate particle size, D50 less than 100 ⁇ , preferably in the range of 20 to 100 ⁇ .
- These powders must be adapted, and in particular have a sufficient flow capacity, to be implemented in the additive manufacturing devices, and allow the manufacture of reinforced parts with satisfactory mechanical properties, in particular in terms of modulus, elongation to rupture, strain at break, and HDT.
- EP1660566 discloses a powder for the layer-by-layer fabrication of a 3D object, comprising substantially spherical powder particles and reinforcing fibers, characterized in that the average length 150 of the fibers corresponds at most to the average diameter D50 of the powder particles.
- EP1634693 discloses a sinterable powders mixture for rapid prototyping, comprising a polymer matrix in powder form and a reinforcing material in the form of fibers, wherein said fibers are cut and / or ground, said staple fibers having a length of between 3 and 6 mm, and said crushed fibers having a length of between 150 and 450 ⁇ .
- the tensile stress of the 3D objects obtained by sintering this mixture is 55 to 60 MPa, which is not sufficient for the applications covered by the present invention which require a tensile strength greater than 60 MPa.
- the document US9233505 describes a polymer powder composition comprising at least 3% of reinforcing particles (minimum length / diameter ratio: 5/1) of which at least 1% (of the composition) are mineral particles comprising a silicate.
- reinforcing particles minimum length / diameter ratio: 5/1
- the addition of glass particles in the composition drastically reduces the breaking stress of the 3D objects obtained by sintering of such a composition.
- the use of wollastonite as a reinforcing particle would, on the contrary, make it possible to maintain a breaking stress of approximately 45 MPa, ie of the same order of magnitude as that of the 3D object obtained with the pure powder without reinforcement. .
- the tensile stress values obtained for these compositions are again insufficient in the case of the applications covered by the present invention.
- the present invention therefore aims to provide a reinforced powdery thermoplastic composition for use in 3D printing, that is to say having a "flowability" (or flow capacity) such that the composition flows:
- said powder composition must also be easily recycled after one or more passes in a 3D machine.
- the present invention also aims to provide a powder composition, for manufacturing directly by 3D printing, a "reinforced object" which has improved mechanical properties compatible with the requirements of the automobile, aerospace, or sports, that is to say, combining at the same time:
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing reinforced objects directly by 3D printing, in particular by Multijet Fusion or by laser sintering, said objects having to have a good resolution or definition, namely a Smooth and homogeneous surface appearance and precise edges.
- the Applicant has now found a composition capable of meeting the above requirements, by a precise choice of the morphology of the glass fibers used.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a reinforced thermoplastic powder composition, comprising:
- d50 included in the range from 4 to 40 ⁇ , - of form factor F: 150 / d50 of between 5 and 15, and
- said polyamide is chosen from: polyamides and copolyamides comprising at least one of the following monomers: 46, 4T, 54, 59, 510, 512, 513, 514, 516, 518, 536, 6, 64, 69, 610, 612, 613, 614, 616, 618, 636, 6T, 9, 104, 109, 1010, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1016, 1018, 1036, 10T, 11, 12, 124, 129, 1210, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1216, 1218, 1236, 12T, MXD6, MXD10, MXD12, MXD14, and mixtures thereof, preferably chosen from: PA 11, PA 12, PA 1010, PA 6, PA 6/12, PA 11/1010, and mixtures thereof.
- the glass fibers comprise, expressed in terms of oxides in% by weight on the weight of fiberglass: 52 to 74% of silicon dioxide (SiO 2), 2 to 26% of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), 0 to 23% of boron oxide (B2O3), 0 to 25% of calcium oxide (CaO), 0 to 25% of magnesium oxide (MgO), 0 to 5% of oxide of zinc (ZnO), from 0 to 5% of strontium oxide (SrO), from 0 to 1% of barium oxide (BaO), from 0 to 5% of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), from 0 to 16% of sodium oxide (Na 2 0), 0 to 20% of zirconium oxide (Zr0 2 ), 0 to 3% of potassium oxide (K 2 O), 0 to 3% of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), from 0 to 3% iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ).
- the flow agent is chosen from: silicas, hydrous silicas, amorphous alumina, vitreous silicas, vitreous phosphates, vitreous borates, vitreous oxides, titanium dioxide, talc, mica fumed silicas, pyrogenic silicas, kaolin, attapulgite, calcium silicates, alumina and magnesium silicates.
- the glass fibers represent from 5 to 60% by weight, preferably from 15 to 45% by weight, more preferably from 20 to 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the glass fiber has:
- the d50 of the fiberglass is in the range of 10 to 25
- the F: 150 / d50 form factor of the fiber is in the range of 9 to 11, preferably substantially equal to 10.
- the present invention also relates to a process for producing a powder composition according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
- Dry-blend is preferred over compounding in the process according to the invention. Indeed, although possible, the compounding would require a subsequent grinding step to obtain a powder of D50 according to the present invention, which tends to break the glass fibers, so to reduce the shape factor of the fibers.
- the present invention also relates to the use of 25 to 40% by weight of glass fibers:
- d50 included in the range of 4 to 40 ⁇ , preferably from 6 to 30 ⁇ , form factor F: 150 / d50 between 5 and 15,
- the fiberglass present in this use is:
- a form factor F 150 / d50 of between 8 and 12.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a reinforced three-dimensional object, comprising the sintering layer by layer of a powder composition according to the invention, said process carrying out an X / Y construction.
- the present invention further relates to a reinforced three-dimensional article or object capable of being manufactured according to the above method, said object having mechanical properties superior to those of an object of the same shape manufactured by a method of injection of the same composition according to the invention.
- the reinforced 3D object according to the invention presents:
- HDT temperature of deflection under load
- the reinforced 3D object according to the invention is a component of sports equipment, shoes, sports shoes, shoe sole, decoration, luggage, glasses, furniture, audio-visual equipment. , computer, automotive or aeronautical equipment and / or a component of medical equipment.
- polyamide-based powders is intended to mean pulverulent compositions comprising more than 50% by weight of polyamide (abbreviated hereinafter as PA).
- polyamide powders is meant those comprising more than 95% by weight of polyamide.
- Polyamide powders can be produced by different processes which each lead to different powder characteristics. There may be mentioned direct synthesis processes, which lead for example to polyamide 12 powders by polymerization of lauryllactam or amino dodecanoic acid. Depending on the type of process, it is possible to obtain perfectly spherical non-porous powders or porous spheroidal powders. In the latter case, mention may be made of PA 12 powders, marketed by ARKEMA FRANCE under the name ORGASOL®. There are also processes of dissolution / precipitation which lead to powders of polymer by dissolving a polymer in a solvent and then reprecipitating it as a powder.
- polyamide (homopolyamide or copolyamide) is understood to mean the products of condensation of lactams, amino acids and / or diacids with diamines and, as a rule, any polymer formed by units or monomers connected to each other by amide groups.
- the standard NF EN ISO 1874-1: 2011 defines a nomenclature of polyamides.
- the term "monomer” in the present description of polyamide-based powders is to be understood as “repetitive unit”.
- the case where a repeating unit of the polyamide consists of the combination of a diacid with a diamine is particular. It is considered that it is the combination of a diamine and a diacid, that is to say the “diaminediacid” pair, also called “XY”, in equimolar quantity which corresponds to the monomer. This is explained by the fact that, individually, the diacid or the diamine is only a structural unit, which is not enough on its own to polymerize.
- the powder particles according to the invention comprise at least two different monomers, called “co-monomers", that is to say at least one monomer and at least one comonomer (monomer different from the first monomer), they comprise a copolymer such as abbreviated copolyamide CoPA.
- diamine X By way of example of diamine X, mention may be made of aliphatic diamines having from 6 to 12 atoms, the diamine X possibly being also arylic and / or cyclic saturated. By way of examples, mention may be made of hexamethylenediamine, piperazine, tetramethylene diamine, octamethylene diamine, decamethylene diamine, dodecamethylenediamine, 1,5-diaminohexane and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6.
- diamino-hexane diamine polyols, isophorone diamine (IPD), methyl pentamethylenediamine (MPDM), bis (aminocyclohexyl) methane (BACM), bis (3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl) methane (BMACM), methaxylyenediamine, bis-p-aminocyclohexylmethane and trimethylhexamethylenediamine.
- IPD isophorone diamine
- MPDM methyl pentamethylenediamine
- ABM bis (aminocyclohexyl) methane
- BMACM bis (3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl) methane
- methaxylyenediamine bis-p-aminocyclohexylmethane and trimethylhexamethylenediamine.
- diacid (or dicarboxylic acid) Y there may be mentioned acids having between 4 and 18 carbon atoms.
- acid may be mentioned adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, isophthalic acid, butanedioic acid, 1,4-cyclohexyldicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, sodium or lithium salt of sulfo-isophthalic acid, dimerized fatty acids (these dimerized fatty acids have a dimer content of at least 98% and are preferably hydrogenated) and HOOC- (CH2) 10 -COOH dodecanedioic acid.
- adipic acid sebacic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, isophthalic acid, butanedioic acid, 1,4-cyclohexyldicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, sodium or lithium salt of sulfo-isophthalic acid
- dimerized fatty acids
- lactam or amino acid monomers are called "Z" type:
- lactams By way of example of lactams, mention may be made of those having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms on the main ring and which may be substituted. Examples that may be mentioned include ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylpropriolactam, ⁇ -dimethylpropriolactam, amylolactam, caprolactam, capryllactam, oenantholactam, 2-pyrrolidone and lauryllactam.
- alpha-omega amino acids such as aminocaproic, amino-7-heptanoic, amino-11-undecanoic, n-heptyl-11-aminoundecanoic and amino-12-dodecanoic acids.
- the polymerization between the various monomers mentioned above may be of the hydrolytic polycondensation type, anionic polymerization or cationic polymerization.
- Hydrolytic polymerization especially used for lactams, is induced by water at high temperature.
- the hydrolytic polymerization of lactams consists in opening the lactam with water and then heating under pressure to polymerize.
- a catalyst such as phosphoric acid may also be employed in the hydrolytic process.
- the anionic polymerization takes place at temperatures much lower than those applied for hydrolytic or cationic mechanisms.
- the anionic polymerization is conducted continuously or preferably batchwise in a solvent.
- the anionic pathway relates more specifically to cyclic molecules, such as lactams.
- the anionic polymerization mechanism of lactams takes place in three steps: an initiation step to form the lactamate anion, then an activation reaction that leads to acyllactam and finally the propagation step.
- the anionic polymerization method is therefore essentially based on the use of a catalyst and an activator optionally in the presence of a finely divided mineral or organic filler having a role of seed of crystallization and in the presence of an amide.
- the process is described in patents EP192515 and EP303530.
- the cationic polymerization is catalyzed by acids under anhydrous conditions.
- acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrobromic acid are the most reactive but the use of Lewis acids or ammonium salts is also possible.
- the polyamide-based powders of the invention comprise at least one polyamide chosen from polyamides and copolyamides comprising at least one of the following XY or Z monomers: 46, 4T, 54, 59, 510, 512, 513, 514 , 516, 518, 536, 6, 64, 69, 610, 612, 613, 614, 616, 618, 636, 6T, 9, 104, 109, 1010, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1016, 1018, 1036, 10T , 11, 12, 124, 129, 1210, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1216, 1218, 1236, 12T, MXD6, MXD10, MXD12, MXD14, and mixtures thereof; in particular, selected from PA 11, PA 12, PA 1010, PA 6, PA 6/12, PA 11/1010, and mixtures thereof.
- said polyamide-based particles comprise at least one polyamide block copolymer and polyether block or polyether block amide, PEBA abbreviated.
- PEBA are for example described in EP2526151 and can be added, preferably by dry-blend, in the composition according to the present invention.
- PEBAs result from the polycondensation of polyamide blocks with reactive ends with polyether blocks with reactive ends, such as, among others:
- polyamide blocks with dicarboxylic chain ends with polyoxyalkylene blocks with diamine chain ends obtained by cyanoethylation and hydrogenation of alpha-omega dihydroxy aliphatic polyoxyalkylene blocks called polyether diols
- Polyamide blocks with dicarboxylic chain ends with polyetherdiols the products obtained being, in this particular case, polyetheresteramides.
- the polyamide blocks with dicarboxylic chain ends come, for example, from the condensation of polyamide precursors in the presence of a chain-limiting dicarboxylic acid.
- the polyamide blocks with diamine chain ends come for example from the condensation of polyamide precursors in the presence of a chain-limiting diamine.
- the number-average molar mass Mn of the polyamide blocks is in the range from 400 to 20000 g / mol, preferably from 500 to 10000 g / mol, and more preferably from 600 to 6000 g / mol.
- Polymers with polyamide blocks and polyether blocks may also comprise randomly distributed units.
- the polyamide blocks may comprise homopolyamides or copolyamides, such as those described above in the present description.
- Polyether blocks (abbreviated hereinafter as PE) within the meaning of the invention are understood to mean the polyalkylene ether polyols, especially polyalkylene ether diols.
- the polyether blocks (PE) comprise at least one polymer chosen from poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly (1,2-propylene glycol) (PPG) and poly (1,3-propylene glycol) (PO 3 G) poly (tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG), polyhexamethylene glycol, poly (1,3-propylene glycol) (PO 3 G), poly (3-alkyl tetrahydrofuran), in particular poly (3-methyltetrahydrofuran (poly (3 MeTHF)). and their copolymers or blends
- a block or random "copolyether" PE block containing a sequence of at least two types of PE mentioned above can also be envisaged.
- the polyether blocks may also comprise ethoxylated primary amines. These blocks are advantageously also used.
- ethoxylated primary amines mention may be made of the products of formula: H (OCH 2 CH 2 ) m - N (CH 2 CH 2 0) n - H
- the chain ends of the PE blocks can be diOH, diNH 2, diisocyanate or diacid according to their synthesis process.
- the PE blocks with NH2 chain ends can be obtained by cyanoacetylation of aliphatic alpha-omega dihydroxylated polyoxyalkylene sequences known as polyether diols such as Jeffamines® D300, D400, D2000, ED-600, ED-900, ED2003 and Elastamines®. 409, RP-2009, RT-1000, RE-600, RE-900, RE-2000, HT-1700, HE-180 from Huntsman. Such blocks are described in JP 2004346274, JP 2004352794 and EP1482011.
- the molar mass Mn of the polyether blocks is in the range from 100 to 6000 g / mol and preferably from 200 to 3000 g / mol, more preferably from 250 to 2000 g / mol.
- the preparation of the copolymers with polyamide block (s) and polyether block (s) according to the invention comprises any means for hanging the polyamide blocks (PA block) and the polyether blocks (PE block).
- PA block polyamide blocks
- PE block polyether blocks
- the polyamide-based powders comprise at least one polyamide block and polyether block copolymer chosen from: PA12-PEG, PA6-PEG, PA6 / 12-PEG, PA11-PEG, PA12 PTMG, PA6-PTMG, PA6 / 12-PTMG, PA10.10-PEG, PA10.10-PTMG, PA11-PTMG, PA12-PEG / PPG, PA6-PEG / PPG, PA6 / 12-PEG / PPG, PA11 -PEG / PPG, and mixtures thereof.
- the powder or granules are obtained directly. Powder is obtained directly by anionic polymerization.
- said powder is derived at least partially from renewable or bioresourcées materials, it then contains 14 C, this biocarbon content being determined according to ASTM D 6866.
- the D50 of a powder corresponds to the value of the particle size that divides the particle population examined exactly in half.
- 50% of the particles have a size less than 100.
- the D50 less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 20 to 100 ⁇ m, of the composition according to the invention contributes to obtaining a 3D object of precise definition, smooth and regular surface appearance.
- the D50 is measured according to ISO 9276 - Parts 1 to 6: "Representation of data obtained by particle size analysis".
- a laser granulometer for example of the Malvern Insitec type, is used with a software type RT Sizer to obtain the particle size distribution of the powder and deduce the D50.
- glass fibers are understood to mean any filaments obtained by drawing molten glass and meeting the morphology and particle size criteria defined by the present invention.
- the fiberglass is generally obtained from silica, and additives comprising mainly alumina, carbonate of lime, magnesia, boron oxide, and may also include fluorine, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron, titanium oxide ..., and mixtures thereof.
- the manufacture of glass fibers generally involves one or more of the following steps:
- Sizing refers to the surface treatments applied to the reinforcing fibers at the outlet of the die.
- the size is generally an aqueous emulsion containing 0.05 to 10% by weight of organic compounds.
- organic compounds too Examples of coupling agents that may be distinguished are silanes, lubricating agents, tackifiers, wetting agents and emulsifiers.
- the glass fiber used in the polyamide composition of the present invention preferably comprises, expressed in terms of oxides in% by weight, on the weight of fiberglass: 52 to 74% of silicon dioxide (SiO 2), 2 to 26% of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), 0 to 23% of boron oxide (B 2 O 3), 0 to 25% of calcium oxide (CaO), 0 to 25% of magnesium oxide (MgO) ), from 0 to 5% of zinc oxide (ZnO), from 0 to 5% of strontium oxide (SrO), from 0 to 1% of barium oxide (BaO), from 0 to 5% of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), 0 to 16% sodium oxide (Na 2 O), 0 to 20% zirconium oxide (ZrO 2), 0 to 3% potassium oxide (K 2 O), 0 to 3% of titanium oxide (TiO 2), 0 to 3% of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3).
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- B 2 O 3
- this composition of the glass fibers may be adapted, as for example indicated in the following Tables 1 and 2:
- Table 1 Types of glass fibers Compositions of the main types of reinforcing fiberglass
- the fiberglass form is preferred for its reinforcing property of the polymer composition of the invention. It is preferably a glass fiber E, which provides a high reinforcing efficiency of the polymer composition of the invention.
- the average diameter diameter of d50 fibers in particular defined by ISO 1888: 2006, corresponds to the fiber diameter value which divides the fiber population examined exactly in two. In other words, in the composition according to the invention, 50% of the fibers have a diameter less than or equal to 40 ⁇ .
- the diameter d 50 of the glass fibers used according to the invention is in the range from 4 to 40 ⁇ , preferably from 6 to 30 ⁇ , or even better from 10 to 25 ⁇ .
- the number average length of the fibers 150 corresponds to the length value of the fibers which divides the examined fiber population exactly in half. In other words, in the composition according to the invention, 50% of the fibers have a length of less than 200 ⁇ .
- the 150 is defined in particular by the standard ISO 22314: 2006.
- the maximum length (lmax), or the largest fiber, of the glass fibers used according to the invention must be less than 450 ⁇ . Indeed, the 3D printing of powder comprising fibers of greater maximum length, for example 500 ⁇ proves very difficult during the passage in the machine.
- the glass fibers are recovered after possible calcination of the material comprising them at the appropriate temperature.
- the ISO 22314: 2006 (en) standard notably gives a measurement method that can be used in the present invention.
- the lengths of glass fibers are determined from images obtained by optical microscopy.
- the average values of the lengths and diameters of fibers are calculated from the statistical study of about 1000 fibers for each test.
- the fiberglass may also be in the form of elongated flakes or elongated glass flakes, which may be produced by any conventional production processes, in particular by mass spraying. molten.
- the thickness of the glass flakes is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ , while the 150, the d50 (perpendicular to the smallest thickness of the flake or flake), and the form factor F still meet the criteria. of choice of fiberglass according to the invention.
- Crushed fibers can be produced by any known conventional method.
- ground fiber can be produced by spraying a strand of a glass fiber using a hammer mill or ball mill.
- the diameter d50 of the fiber and the ratio length 150 to diameter d50 (form factor F) of the milled fiber are 4 to 40 ⁇ and between 5 and 15, respectively.
- Elongated or elliptical glass beads produced for example by melting and spraying of the glass melt can be considered as glass fibers according to the present invention since the size 150 of the glass bead particles is also 50. at 200 ⁇ , the diameter d50 (implying the largest diameter perpendicular to 150) of the elongated ball and the ratio length 150 to diameter d50 (form factor F) of the elongate ball are from 4 to 40 ⁇ and between 5 and 15, respectively.
- glass fibers selected from: fiberglass, elongated glass powder, elongated glass flakes, ground fiber, and elongated glass beads, may be used in combination as "Glass fibers" within the meaning of the invention.
- the glass fibers used in the composition according to the invention may or may not be sized by a coupling agent.
- the compositions according to the present invention use sized glass fibers comprising silanes as coupling agent.
- the fiberglass thus surface-treated with a coupling agent allows increased affinity and adhesion between the polyamide powder and the glass fiber, which avoids any reduction in the density of the 3D object, which can be caused by the formation of voids.
- silane coupling agent mention may be made of those based on silane, borane, aluminates, those of titanate type, and the like.
- the agents of silane coupling are preferred because they allow good adhesion between the polyamide and the glass fiber.
- silane coupling agent aminosilane, epoxysilane and / or acrylsilane coupling agents may be used. Of the silane coupling agents, aminosilane coupling agents are preferred.
- the fiber treatment may optionally comprise film-forming agents, lubricating agents and / or antistatic agents, in addition to the coupling agent.
- film-forming agents include vinyl acetate, urethane, acrylic, polyester, polyether, phenoxy, polyamide, epoxy resins, and / or the like.
- lubricating agents examples include the aliphatic ester, the aliphatic ether, the aromatic ester or surfactants containing aromatic ethers.
- an antistatic agent mention may be made of inorganic salts such as lithium chloride or potassium iodide, as well as quaternary ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride or ammonium ethosulphate.
- the fiberglass content in the polyamide powder composition is 5 to 70% by weight, preferably 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. If the fiberglass content is less than 5% by weight, the 3D part obtained by 3D printing of the polyamide powder composition tends to have insufficient mechanical properties, whereas if the fiberglass content is greater than 60% by weight, the contact area between the polyamide powder and the glass fiber is increased, which tends to reduce the ability of the composition to 3D printing and / or dimensional accuracy (geometry, surface, size) of the 3D object obtained.
- Non-fiberglass additives according to the invention When the amount of fiberglass in the polyamide composition is in the range recommended above, it is possible to produce a 3D object combining both good mechanical properties and excellent dimensional accuracy, by simple 3D printing of the composition.
- Non-fiberglass additives according to the invention are in the range recommended above, it is possible to produce a 3D object combining both good mechanical properties and excellent dimensional accuracy, by simple 3D printing of the composition.
- the powder according to the invention also contains at least one additive chosen from: optical brighteners, pigments, dyes, anti-UV, antioxidants, flame retardants, stabilizers, flow agents organic or inorganic fillers, silica powder, powder binders, carbon nanotubes, and mixtures thereof.
- the composition of the invention also comprises a flow agent in a sufficient quantity (which represents from 0.05 to 5%, preferably from 0.05 to 2%, by weight of the composition) so that the composition flows and forms a flat layer, especially during a sintering process layer by layer.
- a flow agent in a sufficient quantity (which represents from 0.05 to 5%, preferably from 0.05 to 2%, by weight of the composition) so that the composition flows and forms a flat layer, especially during a sintering process layer by layer.
- the flow agent is chosen from those commonly used in the field of sintering polymer powders.
- this flow agent is substantially spherical in shape.
- silicas for example chosen from: silicas, precipitated silicas, hydrated silicas, glassy silicas, fumed silicas, fumed silicas, vitreous phosphates, vitreous borates, vitreous oxides, amorphous alumina, titanium, talc, mica, kaolin, attapulgite, calcium silicates, alumina and magnesium silicates.
- compositions according to the invention may of course also comprise any type of additive suitable for the polymer powders used in 3D printing: in particular additives which contribute to improving the properties of the powder for its use in agglomeration technology and / or additives to improve the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) or aesthetic (color) of objects obtained by melting.
- the composition of the invention may especially comprise dyes, pigments for coloring, TiO 2, pigments for infra red absorption, carbon black, fire retardant additives, carbon fibers, etc.
- compositions of the invention may further contain at least one additive selected from antioxidant stabilizers, light stabilizers, anti-shock agents, antistatic agents, flame retardants, and mixtures thereof. These additives are preferably in the form of a D50 powder of less than 60 ⁇ .
- the present invention also relates to the use of a thermoplastic powder composition as defined above, in a 3D printing process, in particular sintering, and construction in X / Y (mainly horizontally), to manufacture an object of mechanical properties, in particular of module, superior to those of an object of the same form manufactured by a method of injection of said composition.
- the present invention particularly relates to a method of manufacturing a reinforced three-dimensional object, comprising sintering layer by layer of a composition powder according to the invention.
- said method uses one of the following sintering methods: laser sintering, High Speed Sintering (HSS) or Multi-Jet Fusion (MJF).
- sintering methods laser sintering, High Speed Sintering (HSS) or Multi-Jet Fusion (MJF).
- the present invention relates to a three-dimensional object obtained by 3D printing, said object having mechanical properties (including modulus, elongation at break and / or tensile strength, HDT) greater than those of an object of the same form manufactured by a method of injecting said composition.
- the object according to the invention presents:
- HDT bending temperature under load
- said three-dimensional object is a component of sports equipment, shoes, sports shoes, shoe sole, decoration, luggage, glasses, furniture, audio-visual equipment, computers, equipment automotive or aeronautic and / or a component of medical equipment. Examples:
- PA 11 powder synthesized by grinding a prepolymer obtained by polycondensation of amino-11-undecanoic acid, then treatment with water and recovery in viscosity.
- the PA 11 powder has a relative viscosity equal to 1.20 (20 ° C., in solution at 0.5% by mass in metacresol).
- compositions according to the present invention are not limited to this embodiment, but may include any type of polyamide, alone or in admixture.
- the flow agent used in all subsequent tests is fumed silica, it represents less than 0.5% by weight, and its content is the same in each composition. Its D50 is less than 20 ⁇ .
- Glass fibers are type E (DIN 1259)
- compositions of tests 1) to 3) use 25% of glass fibers, the size and shape characteristics of which are given in Table 3 below:
- compositions of tests 4) and 5) use 30% of the glass fibers:
- EOS Laser Sintering Machine
- Comparative Test 4 Cp4
- the presence of long fibers fiber length greater than 500 ⁇
- the breaking stress of 3D parts is insufficient.
- Examples 1 and 5 according to the invention have a smooth, smooth and uniform surface appearance with precise edges.
- Comparatives 2 and 4 have an opposite aspect: in particular a degraded surface appearance with the presence of cracks. Measurement of mechanical properties of dumbbells obtained by sintering:
- HDT deflection temperature under load
- the coupling [polyamide 11 powder + glass fibers of dimension according to the invention] works much better in 3D printing (additive manufacturing) than in injection: for the same fiber and same composition according to the invention, the module of the The object manufactured is much more important in laser sintering than in injection molding.
- the mechanical properties obtained by laser sintering are greater than those obtained by injection.
- An example 6 (Ex6) according to the invention was made by mixing the PAll powder with 40% by weight of fibers as used in Examples 1 and 5 on the total weight of the composition.
- the composition obtained was passed on the Laser Sintering Machine Formiga P100 (EOS) under conditions similar to those described above for manufacturing tensile test pieces which are dumbbells of 150 * 20 * 3 mm 3 type 1B (standard ISO 527-2 1B) in the XY position.
- EOS Laser Sintering Machine Formiga P100
- Example 7 and Comparative 9 comprise PA12 Orgasol (Arkema).
- Example 8 and Comparative 10 comprise PA12 obtained differently by dissolution / precipitation.
- a mixture is made from the PA12 powder in a manner similar to that described above with 30% by weight based on the total weight of the glass fiber mixture identical to that of Examples 1 and 5 for the examples. 7 and 8 and with 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the glass fiber mixture of length greater than 1 mm for Comparatives 9 and 10.
- the compositions obtained were passed on the Laser Sintering Machine Formiga P100 (EOS) under conditions similar to those described above for manufacturing tensile test pieces which are dumbbells of 150 * 20 * 3 mm 3 type 1B (standard ISO 527-2 1B) in the XY position.
- EOS Laser Sintering Machine Formiga P100
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Abstract
Description
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FR1759265A FR3071840B1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 | 2017-10-04 | Composition de poudre thermoplastique et objet tridimensionnel renforce fabrique par impression 3d d'une telle composition |
PCT/FR2018/052454 WO2019069032A1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 | 2018-10-04 | Composition de poudre thermoplastique et objet tridimensionnel renforce fabrique par impression 3d d'une telle composition |
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EP18793457.5A Pending EP3692093A1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 | 2018-10-04 | Composition de poudre thermoplastique et objet tridimensionnel renforce fabrique par impression 3d d'une telle composition |
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US (1) | US11767428B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3692093A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP7240388B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN111183184B (fr) |
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JP2014518563A (ja) | 2011-04-15 | 2014-07-31 | バイオジェニック リージェンツ エルエルシー | 高炭素生体試薬を生成するためのプロセス |
US9925440B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 | 2018-03-27 | Bauer Hockey, Llc | Sporting goods including microlattice structures |
JP2019059102A (ja) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-18 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 積層造形用粉末、三次元造形用材料セット、三次元造形装置及び三次元造形物 |
US11667766B2 (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2023-06-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Three-dimensional printing |
EP3592567A4 (fr) * | 2018-05-25 | 2020-02-12 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Matière plastique pour impression par impression par transfert thermique par diffusion de colorant |
FR3096053B1 (fr) | 2019-05-16 | 2021-11-19 | Arkema France | Poudre de copolymère à blocs polyamides et à blocs polyéthers |
CA3140503C (fr) | 2019-05-21 | 2022-06-14 | Bauer Hockey Ltd. | Casques comprenant des composants fabriques de maniere additive |
US11905410B2 (en) | 2019-06-10 | 2024-02-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Three-dimensional printing |
US12110404B2 (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2024-10-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Three-dimensional printing with metal oxide nanoparticle fusing agents |
US11866552B2 (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2024-01-09 | Xerox Corporation | Polyamide particles and methods of production and uses thereof |
US11661521B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2023-05-30 | Ticona Llc | Three-dimensional printing system employing a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer |
KR20230087511A (ko) | 2020-09-25 | 2023-06-16 | 카본 테크놀로지 홀딩스, 엘엘씨 | 바이오매스 열분해와 통합된 금속 광석의 바이오-환원 |
CN112322029B (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-11-08 | 广东聚石科技研究有限公司 | 一种无卤阻燃尼龙材料及其制备方法和应用 |
JP2024512242A (ja) | 2021-02-18 | 2024-03-19 | カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス, エルエルシー | カーボンネガティブ冶金製品 |
AU2022264512A1 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2023-12-14 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Biocarbon compositions with optimized fixed carbon and processes for producing the same |
KR20240034210A (ko) | 2021-07-09 | 2024-03-13 | 카본 테크놀로지 홀딩스, 엘엘씨 | 고 고정-탄소 함량 및 최적화된 반응성을 갖는 바이오카본 펠릿을 생산하기 위한 공정, 및 이로부터 수득된 바이오카본 펠릿 |
WO2023286824A1 (fr) | 2021-07-15 | 2023-01-19 | 東レ株式会社 | Composition de poudre, procédé de production d'un article façonné en trois dimensions par un procédé de liaison par fusion sur lit de poudre à l'aide d'une composition de poudre, et article de forme tridimensionnelle |
JP7457925B2 (ja) * | 2021-07-15 | 2024-03-29 | 東レ株式会社 | 粉末組成物、粉末組成物を用いて粉末床溶融結合方式によって三次元造形物を製造する方法、および三次元造形物 |
US20230029840A1 (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2023-02-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method of post treatment of three-dimensional printed object |
US12103892B2 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2024-10-01 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Biocarbon compositions with optimized compositional parameters, and processes for producing the same |
WO2024024330A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-02-01 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Composition de résine, et article moulé |
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DE102004020452A1 (de) | 2004-04-27 | 2005-12-01 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Objekten mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung und Auftragen eines Absorbers per Inkjet-Verfahren |
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WO2009114715A2 (fr) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Compositions pulvérulentes et procédés de fabrication d’objets à partir de celles-ci |
FR2930555B1 (fr) | 2008-04-29 | 2012-08-24 | Arkema France | Procede pour augmenter l'ecart entre la temperature de fusion et la temperature de cristallisation d'une poudre de polyamide |
FR2955330B1 (fr) * | 2010-01-19 | 2012-01-20 | Arkema France | Composition de poudre thermoplastique et objets tridimensionnels fabriques par frittage d'une telle composition |
CN104647760B (zh) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-03-08 | 华中科技大学 | 一种短纤维增强热固性树脂复合产品的3d打印制造方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-10-04 FR FR1759265A patent/FR3071840B1/fr active Active
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2018
- 2018-10-04 US US16/651,572 patent/US11767428B2/en active Active
- 2018-10-04 EP EP18793457.5A patent/EP3692093A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-10-04 CN CN201880065205.4A patent/CN111183184B/zh active Active
- 2018-10-04 JP JP2020519136A patent/JP7240388B2/ja active Active
- 2018-10-04 WO PCT/FR2018/052454 patent/WO2019069032A1/fr unknown
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JP7240388B2 (ja) | 2023-03-15 |
FR3071840A1 (fr) | 2019-04-05 |
WO2019069032A1 (fr) | 2019-04-11 |
FR3071840B1 (fr) | 2019-10-11 |
US20200255660A1 (en) | 2020-08-13 |
US11767428B2 (en) | 2023-09-26 |
CN111183184A (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
CN111183184B (zh) | 2023-03-31 |
JP2020536153A (ja) | 2020-12-10 |
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