EP3455163A1 - Photocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen - Google Patents
Photocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3455163A1 EP3455163A1 EP17725193.1A EP17725193A EP3455163A1 EP 3455163 A1 EP3455163 A1 EP 3455163A1 EP 17725193 A EP17725193 A EP 17725193A EP 3455163 A1 EP3455163 A1 EP 3455163A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxidation
- hcl
- hydrogen chloride
- radiation
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- PCBMYXLJUKBODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].ClOCl Chemical compound [Ru].ClOCl PCBMYXLJUKBODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 SrCu 2 0 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QTBNCVQLPUKUQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M cerium(3+) oxygen(2-) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[O-2].[Ce+3] QTBNCVQLPUKUQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- UGWBWPXTGFPEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite chromium Chemical compound [Cr].ClOCl UGWBWPXTGFPEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007138 Deacon process reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001432959 Chernes Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJLXYZXVQZCNCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium chloro hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ce].ClOCl IJLXYZXVQZCNCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSOWUMSTLNYTHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M chromium(3+) oxygen(2-) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[O-2].[Cr+3] QSOWUMSTLNYTHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/03—Preparation from chlorides
- C01B7/04—Preparation of chlorine from hydrogen chloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
- B01J37/345—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy of ultraviolet wave energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/20—Improvements relating to chlorine production
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of chlorine by photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous hydrogen chloride with oxygen as the oxidant. Due to the position of the thermodynamic equilibrium, the comparatively low temperatures in the novel process permit the achievement of very high degrees of HCl conversion and thus a more efficient work-up of the reaction products.
- chlorine Ch
- HCl hydrogen chloride
- An example of this reaction chain is the production of polyurethanes via phosgene as an intermediate.
- the further use of the resulting hydrogen chloride can be carried out, for example, by marketing the aqueous solution (hydrochloric acid) or by using the hydrogen chloride in syntheses of other chemical products.
- the accumulating amounts of hydrogen chloride can not always be fully utilized at the site of his seizure. Transport of hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid over long distances is uneconomical.
- HCl recycling processes are state of the art (compare Ullmann Enzyklopadie der ischen Chemie, Weinheim, 4th edition 1975, Vol. 9, pp. 357 ff. Or Winnacker-Kuchler: Chemical Technology, Processes and Products, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 5 Edition 2005, Vol. 3, pp. 512 ff.): These include, in particular, the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid and the oxidation of hydrogen chloride.
- the process of catalytic hydrogen chloride oxidation with oxygen in an exothermic equilibrium reaction developed by Deacon in 1868 was at the beginning of the technical chemistry of chlorine: 4 HCl + 0 2 -> 2 Cl 2 + 2 H 2 0
- the Deacon reaction can be carried out either at high temperatures (> 700 ° C) purely thermally or in the presence of catalysts at a temperature of 300 to 450 ° C.
- the purely thermal Deacon reaction is not used for HCl recycling on an industrial scale.
- the first catalysts for HCl gas phase oxidation contained copper in the oxidic form as the active component and had already been described by Deacon in 1868. These catalysts deactivated rapidly because the active component volatilized under the high process temperatures.
- HCl or O2JP 59-73 405A describes the photooxidation of gaseous hydrogen chloride, wherein pulsed laser radiation or a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp or a combination of the two photon sources mentioned is used to excite the reactants.
- RU 2 253 607 also describes a photochemical process for the production of chlorine in which an HCl-air mixture flows through a tubular reactor and the activation of the reactants in a reaction zone by a mercury vapor radiator.
- EP1914199 describes a process for producing chlorine from a mixture of gaseous hydrogen chloride and oxygen containing ultraviolet radiation, at a wavelength in the range from 165 nm to 270 nm, at a density of ultraviolet radiation of (10-40) * 10 4 W / cm 3 and a pressure of not more than 0.1 MPa.
- the oxidation of the hydrogen chloride is carried out by the activated oxygen to form the target product.
- Almost quantitative degrees of implementation are asserted without there being any heating of the product mixture. It is not mentioned which energy expenditure is necessary for the excitation sources (UV or electrons) to achieve the stated degrees of conversion. Furthermore, there is no information on the residence time of the reactants or the size of the reaction apparatus used.
- DD 88 309 A describes a catalyzed HCl oxidation at 150 ° - 250 ° C, which is additionally supported by the use of unspecified UV radiation.
- the document DE 10200 602 276 A1 describes an integrated process for the preparation of isocyanates from phosgene and at least one amine and oxidation of the resulting hydrogen chloride with oxygen to chlorine, the chlorine being recycled to produce the phosgene.
- the document is based in particular on methods of production Chlorine by non-thermally activated reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, in which from the resulting gas mixture in the reaction consisting at least of the target products of chlorine and water, unreacted hydrogen chloride and oxygen and optionally other minor components such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen taken from chlorine and phosgene production is returned.
- WO 2010 020 345 A1 describes a process for the heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation of hydrogen chloride by means of oxygen-containing gases, characterized in that a gas mixture comprising at least hydrogen chloride and oxygen flows through a suitable solid catalyst and at the same time is exposed to the action of a non-thermal plasma.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for recycling hydrogen chloride to chlorine, which can be operated simply, safely and energy-efficiently.
- a very high degree of hydrogen chloride conversion (in particular at least 90%) should be achieved even with decreasing activity of an oxidation catalyst, so as to simplify the work-up of the reaction products and to keep the plant capacity high for long periods of operation.
- the above object is achieved by a heterogeneously photocatalysed oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, especially at low catalyst temperature.
- the invention relates to a process for heterogeneously photocatalysed oxidation of hydrogen chloride by means of UV radiation, characterized in that a gas mixture is generated at least from hydrogen chloride, oxygen and optionally further secondary constituents and passed through a solid photo-catalyst and the reaction on the surface of the catalyst is started by the action of UV radiation in a selective energy range.
- the UV radiation used for the photo-catalyzed oxidation comprises an energy range of from 3.2 to 4 eV, preferably from 3.26 to 3.94 eV.
- the UV radiation is generated by means of UV LED lamps.
- the photo-catalyst preferably has at least one photoactive material such as a transition metal or transition metal oxide or a semiconductor material.
- Photoactive in the sense of the invention is a material which, upon irradiation with UV radiation, generates the reaction energy for the conversion of molecular oxygen (O 2) to an active oxygen species on the surface of the catalyst.
- a photo-catalyst which has as additional catalytic active component (also referred to herein as co-catalyst) metals which are also active in the thermocatalytic HCl oxidation, such as e.g. Metals of the 1st, 7th or 8th
- At least one compound from the series: CuCh, FeCb, Q "20 3 , chromium oxide chloride, RuU 2, ruthenium oxychloride, RuCh, CeO 2 and cerium oxychloride is particularly preferably used as cocatalyst.
- catalysts selected from the series: ruthenium oxide, ruthenium chloride and ruthenium oxychloride as the cocatalyst for the photocatalysed oxidation.
- the photo-catalyst at least one photoactive material consisting of one or more compounds selected from the series: AlCu02, Al x Ga y IM_ x _ y N, Al x IM_ x N, A1N, B 6 0, BaTi0 3 , CdS, Ce0 2, Fe 2 0 3, GaN, Hg 2 S0 4, hi x Ga x N, ln 2 0 3, KTa0 3, LiMgN, NaTa0 3, Nb 2 0 5, NiO, PbHf0 3, PbTi0 3, PbZr0 3, Sb 4 Cl 2 0 5, Sb 2 0 3, SiC, Sn0 2, SrCu202, SrTi0 3, T1O2, W0 3, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, which can be activated by irradiation with UV light.
- the series AlCu02, Al x Ga y IM_ x _ y N, Al x IM_ x N, A1N
- the reaction temperature of the photocatalytic HCl oxidation with UV radiation is set according to a preferred method in a range up to a maximum of 250 ° C., preferably from 20 to 250 ° C., more preferably from 20 to 150 ° C.
- the HCl oxidation at elevated pressure in particular a pressure of up to 25 bar, preferably carried out to 10 bar.
- This facilitates, for example, coupling to previous other HCl oxidation states, which are merely catalyzed oxidation reactions of hydrogen chloride with oxygen-containing gases.
- One possible embodiment is an extension of the new process, characterized in that the photocatalytic HCl oxidation is combined with one or more other types of HCl oxidation reactions selected from the group: catalytic gas phase oxidation, thermal gas phase oxidation and HCl gas electrolysis, and as a further step which is conducted downstream of one or more other HCl oxidation reactions.
- the other HCl oxidation reaction is preferably a thermocatalyzed oxidation reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen-containing gases (Deacon reaction).
- a possible preferred embodiment consists of a combination of a catalyzed Deacon reaction, which is operated at elevated temperature, in particular at least 300 ° C, with a downstream photocatalytic oxidation at low temperature, in particular ⁇ 300 ° C.
- thermocatalytic HCl oxidation with molecular oxygen (O 2 ) to the usual Deacon catalysts (CuC, FeCl3, & 2 ⁇ 3, RuÜ2, Ce02, etc.) requires a reaction temperature of typically 300 ° C and more, it was surprisingly found that some catalysts by means of photocatalytic HCl HCl oxidation a rapid and smooth oxidation of hydrogen chloride to chlorine even at much lower temperature, more preferably at 20 to 150 ° C, is possible.
- a particularly preferred catalyst for the photocatalytic HCl oxidation consists for example of ruthenium oxide on titanium dioxide.
- This catalyst can be identical to the also effective at high temperatures Deacon catalyst, which is used in particular for the possibly upstream other thermo-catalytic HCl oxidation.
- Various metals and metal compounds can be excited by UV light to photochemically catalyze reactions.
- the photocatalytic oxidation of CO supported on titanium dioxide catalysts listed doi: 10.1016 / S0926-3373 (03) 00162-0).
- the photoactive material is excited by light of a defined wavelength. In this excited state, the material can convert molecular oxygen (O 2 ) into an active oxygen species, which can then react with another substance, thus oxidizing it.
- a conventional Deacon catalyst for example, CuCl, FeCl, & 2 ⁇ 3, RuÜ2, Ce02, etc. as described above
- a photoactive material such as a transition metal oxide or a semiconductor (AlCu0 2 , Al x Ga y IM_ x.
- y N Al x IM_ x N, A1N, B 6 0, BaTi0 3, CdS, Ce0 2, Fe 2 0 3, GaN, Hg 2 S0 4 , In x Gai_ x N, ln 2 0 3 , KTa0 3 , LiMgN, NaTa0 3 , Nb 2 0 5 , NiO, PbHf0 3 , PbTi0 3 , PbZr0 3 , Sb 4 Cl 2 0 5 , Sb 2 0 3 , SiC, Sn0 2 , SrCu 2 0 2 , SrTi0 3 , Ti0 2 , W0 3 , ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe) can be activated by irradiation with UV light, so that the photocatalyzed HCl oxidation even at very low temperature and high sales is possible.
- thermodynamic equilibrium of the HCl oxidation reaction can be shifted far to the side of the reaction products chlorine and water.
- small amounts of hydrogen chloride require no complex recovery. They can be removed by a simple wash of water. This additionally simplifies product processing and thus improves the economic efficiency of the process.
- the new photocatalytic HCl oxidation described above is particularly preferably used in combination with the thermocatalyzed gas-phase reaction with molecular oxygen, which is also known as the Deacon process.
- hydrogen chloride is oxidized with oxygen in an exothermic equilibrium reaction on a catalyst to give chlorine, wherein water vapor is obtained as a by-product.
- the reaction temperature is usually 250 to 500 ° C, the usual reaction pressure is 1 to 25 bar. Since it is an equilibrium reaction, it is expedient to work at the lowest possible temperatures at which the catalyst still has sufficient activity. It is also expedient to use oxygen in excess of stoichiometric amounts of hydrogen chloride. For example, a two- to four-fold excess of oxygen is customary. Since no loss of selectivity is to be feared, it may be economically advantageous to work at relatively high pressure and, accordingly, longer residence time than normal pressure.
- Suitable preferred catalysts for the Deacon process include ruthenium oxide, ruthenium chloride or other ruthenium compounds supported on silica, alumina, titania, zirconia or zirconia and cerium oxide, cerium chloride or other cerium compounds on silica, alumina, titania, tin dioxide, zirconia.
- Suitable catalysts can be obtained, for example, by applying ruthenium chloride to the support and then drying or drying and calcining.
- Suitable catalysts may, in addition to or instead of a ruthenium compound, also contain compounds of other noble metals, for example gold, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, copper or rhenium.
- Suitable catalysts may further contain chromium (III) oxide.
- the thermally catalyzed hydrogen chloride oxidation may adiabatically or preferably isothermally or approximately isothermally, discontinuously, but preferably continuously as a flow or fixed bed process, preferably as a fixed bed process, particularly preferably in tube bundle reactors Heterogeneous catalysts at a reactor temperature of 180 to 500 ° C, preferably 200 to 400 ° C, more preferably 220 to 350 ° C and a pressure of 1 to 25 bar (1000 to 25000 hPa), preferably 1.2 to 20 bar, particularly preferably 1.5 to 17 bar and in particular 2.0 to 15 bar are performed.
- Typical reactors in which the catalyzed hydrogen chloride oxidation is carried out are fixed bed or fluidized bed reactors.
- the catalyzed hydrogen chloride oxidation can preferably also be carried out in multiple stages.
- a further preferred embodiment of a device suitable for the method consists in using a structured catalyst bed in which the catalyst activity increases in the flow direction.
- Such structuring of the catalyst bed can be done by different impregnation of the catalyst support with active material or by different dilution of the catalyst with an inert material.
- an inert material for example, rings, cylinders or balls of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide or mixtures thereof, alumina, steatite, ceramic, glass, graphite or stainless steel can be used.
- the inert material should preferably have similar external dimensions.
- Suitable shaped catalyst bodies are shaped bodies with any desired shapes, preference being given to tablets, rings, cylinders, stars, carriage wheels or spheres, particular preference being given to rings, cylinders or star strands as molds.
- Ruthenium compounds or copper compounds on support materials are particularly suitable as heterogeneous catalysts, preference being given to optionally doped ruthenium catalysts.
- suitable carrier materials are silicon dioxide, graphite, rutile or anatase titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide or mixtures thereof, preferably titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably ⁇ - or ⁇ -aluminum oxide or mixtures thereof.
- the copper or ruthenium-supported catalysts can be obtained, for example, by impregnation of the support material with aqueous solutions of CuCh or RuCh and optionally one Promoter for doping, preferably in the form of their chlorides, can be obtained.
- the shaping of the catalyst can take place after or preferably before the impregnation of the support material.
- the catalysts are suitable as promoters alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, preferably lithium, sodium and potassium, more preferably potassium, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, preferably magnesium and calcium, particularly preferably magnesium, Rare earth metals such as scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium, preferably scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, more preferably lanthanum and cerium, or mixtures thereof.
- alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, preferably lithium, sodium and potassium, more preferably potassium, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, preferably magnesium and calcium, particularly preferably magnesium, Rare earth metals such as scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium, preferably scandium, yt
- the shaped bodies can then be dried at a temperature of 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 100 to 300 ° C., for example under a nitrogen, argon or air atmosphere, and optionally calcined.
- the moldings are first dried at 100 to 150 ° C and then calcined at 200 to 400 ° C.
- the conversion of hydrogen chloride in a single pass may preferably be limited to 15 to 90%, preferably 40 to 85%, particularly preferably 50 to 70%.
- the major portion of the HCl oxidation is first carried out, in particular, up to an HCl conversion of at least 70%, preferably up to at least 80%, in the other catalyzed oxidation process which is the photocatalyzed HCl oxidation with UV. Radiation is connected upstream.
- the volume ratio of hydrogen chloride to oxygen at the reactor inlet is preferably 1: 1 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 8: 1, particularly preferably 1: 1 to 5: 1.
- the chlorine produced by the new process is further used in production processes for the production of polymers such as polyurethanes and PVC, which as a by-product provide the hydrogen chloride for the new oxidation process.
- a catalyst consisting of ruthenium oxide supported on titanium dioxide was placed in a fixed bed in an annular gap quartz photoreactor (annular gap diameter 7 mm) and hydrogen chloride at room temperature with a gas mixture of 0.25 L / h (standard STP conditions), 1 L / h (STP ) Oxygen and 10 L / h nitrogen (STP) flows through.
- the quartz photoreactor was irradiated externally with a 5 m UV LED light band (12 W / meter) with UV light of wavelength 365 nm. After 1 h, the product gas stream was passed for 15 minutes into 30% by weight potassium iodide solution. The resulting iodine was then back titrated with 0.1 N thiosulfate standard solution to determine the amount of chlorine introduced. It was measured a hydrogen chloride conversion of 90.1%.
- a catalyst consisting of ruthenium oxide supported on titanium dioxide was placed in a fixed bed in an annular gap quartz photoreactor (annular gap diameter 7 mm) and at room temperature with a gas mixture of 1 L / h (standard STP conditions) hydrogen chloride, 4 L / h (STP) oxygen and 5 L / h of nitrogen (STP) flows through. No UV light was injected into the reactor. After 2 hours, the product gas stream was passed for 30 minutes into 30% by weight potassium iodide solution. The resulting iodine was then back titrated with 0.1 N thiosulfate standard solution to determine the amount of chlorine introduced. It was measured a hydrogen chloride conversion of 0.0%.
- a titanium dioxide (DMS2005-0260) was placed in a fixed bed in an annular gap quartz photoreactor (annular gap diameter 7 mm) and at room temperature with a gas mixture of 1 L / h (standard conditions STP) hydrogen chloride, 4 L / h (STP) oxygen and 5 L / h nitrogen (STP) flows through.
- the quartz photoreactor was irradiated externally with a 5 m UV LED light band (12 W / meter) with UV light of wavelength 365 nm. After 2 hours, the product gas stream was passed for 30 minutes into 30% by weight potassium iodide solution. The resulting iodine was then back titrated with 0.1 N thiosulfate custom solution to determine the amount of chlorine introduced. A hydrogen chloride conversion of 0.2% was measured.
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EP (1) | EP3455163A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2019518695A (en) |
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EP3670444A1 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-24 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Photocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen |
CN113942977B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-12-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学水资源国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Method and device for preparing chlorine by anthraquinone photocatalytic oxidation |
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DD88309A1 (en) * | 1971-05-12 | 1972-03-05 | Process for the production of chlorine | |
NO961970L (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-11-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Process for the production of chlorine |
KR101516812B1 (en) * | 1998-02-16 | 2015-04-30 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | Process for producing chlorine |
DE102006022761A1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for the preparation of isocyanates |
DE102006023261A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for the production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride and oxygen |
DE102007020154A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for producing chlorine by gas phase oxidation |
DE102006024543A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for producing chlorine by gas phase oxidation |
CN101765574A (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2010-06-30 | Grt公司 | Zone reactor incorporating reversible hydrogen halide capture and release |
DE102008038032A1 (en) * | 2008-08-16 | 2010-02-18 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen in non-thermal plasma |
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