EP3036396B1 - Inflatable sleeve with controlled expansion - Google Patents
Inflatable sleeve with controlled expansion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3036396B1 EP3036396B1 EP14752894.7A EP14752894A EP3036396B1 EP 3036396 B1 EP3036396 B1 EP 3036396B1 EP 14752894 A EP14752894 A EP 14752894A EP 3036396 B1 EP3036396 B1 EP 3036396B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubular sheath
- longitudinal
- sheath
- circumferential
- sleeve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010618 wire wrap Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/127—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
- E21B33/1277—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve characterised by the construction or fixation of the sleeve
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/127—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to tubular sleeves, including inflatable sleeves used for logging and underground drilling operations.
- FR 2 910 047 discloses an inflatable sleeve, also called packer by those skilled in the art, with a cylindrical sleeve made of elastomer covered by a textile compression sheath.
- the tubular sheath has a cylindrical shape at rest. It is capable of being expanded to a state of maximum expansion where it adopts a predetermined profile from which it opposes a very high resistance to any further expansion.
- the tubular sheath is made of a textile material comprising elastic peripheral threads and, incidentally, longitudinal threads extending in a direction parallel to the axis of the sleeve.
- the predetermined profile of the sheath is controlled by the peripheral wires.
- the elongation capacity and the tensile strength of these peripheral yarns are chosen according to the expansion ratio and the desired expanded strength for the sheath.
- the tubular sheath of FR 2 910 047 , and the elastic thread of PCT / P2013 / 051381 perfectly meet the main industrial objective for which they are intended, namely the prevention of the bursting of the inflatable sleeves, by controlling the profile of the tubular sheath in the expanded state. They make it possible to obtain, in the expanded state, a spindle tubular sheath profile, shown in FIG. figure 1 .
- Sheath 1, on the figure 1 in the expanded state, a cylindrical central section 3 and first and second substantially frustoconical longitudinal ends 5 and 7.
- the ends 5 and 7 have a cross section which decreases from the central section to a ring 9 fixing the sheath 1 to the mandrel 11.
- the opening angle of the frustoconical ends is low, for example less than 30 °.
- the longitudinal threads undergo only a very slight elongation when the sheath changes from its rest state to its expanded state.
- the spindle shape is controlled by gradually varying the maximum elongation rate of the peripheral wires. The maximum rate of elongation increases gradually along the ends 5 and 7 to the central section 3.
- a tubular sheath of this type can not be used in the case where the desired profile at the longitudinal ends of the sheath, in the expanded state, is of hemispherical shape.
- Such a profile is represented on the figure 2 .
- the diameter of the tubular sheath in the expanded state varies very rapidly at the ends.
- the maximum rate of elongation of the peripheral son should thus vary very rapidly from one turn to the other, which is difficult to achieve.
- the invention aims to provide an inflatable sleeve which can adopt, in the expanded state, a hemispherical profile at the longitudinal ends.
- the predetermined circumferential elongation capacity will determine the diameter of the central section.
- the profile in the expanded state is controlled by the longitudinal elongation capacity, and not by the circumferential elongation capacity of the sheath. It is indeed the capacity of longitudinal elongation which limits the expansion of the first longitudinal end of the sheath. If the longitudinal elongation capacity is ⁇ / 2, i.e., about 1.57, the first longitudinal end of the sheath adopts a quadrant profile in the expanded state. If the longitudinal elongation capacity is greater than ⁇ / 2, the profile of the first longitudinal end will be slightly more curved in the expanded state. For a longitudinal elongation capacity of less than ⁇ / 2, the profile of the first longitudinal end will be a little less curved.
- longitudinal elongation capacity from the state of rest is here used to mean the ratio between the developed longitudinal length of a section of sheath when the latter is is expanded to the maximum possible, and the longitudinal length of the same section when the sheath is in its state of rest.
- circumferential elongation capacity from the state of rest is meant the ratio between the maximum circumferential length of a section of the sheath when this sheath is expanded to the maximum, and the circumferential length of the same section of the sheath. sheath, when this sheath is in its state of rest.
- the predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central section is chosen according to the maximum diameter sought for the sleeve, which is itself a function of the intended use for the sleeve. It may be greater than 4, and is for example between 1.5 and 4. It is for example equal to 3.5.
- the circumferential elongation capability of the first and / or second ends from the resting state does not limit the diametrical expansion of the sheath along the first and / or second end. This means that, if the longitudinal elongation capacity of the sheath is increased, the first and / or second end of the sheath would be expanded diametrically larger. On the other hand, the diameter at the junction line between the first and / or second end and the central section would not be affected. On the other hand, the longitudinal length of each end would be modified.
- first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath have a circumferential elongation capacity from the state of rest of the tubular sheath close to said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central section, denoted here C, here means that this circumferential elongation capacity is between C-20% and C + 20%, preferably between C-10% and C + 10%, and is typically C.
- the circumferential elongation capacity from the resting state is preferably constant along the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath. Preferably it is constant along the entire tubular sheath, that is to say invariably longitudinally. As a variant, it varies slightly longitudinally, along the central section and / or the first and second ends.
- the longitudinal elongation capacity from the state of rest at the first and / or second ends is between 1.05 and 2.5, preferably between 1.3 and 2.2, and more preferably between 1,4 and 2.
- the sheath is typically a textile sheath, for example a woven or knitted sheath.
- the central section of the tubular sheath has said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity, and the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath have a circumferential elongation capacity from the state. resting the tubular sheath close to said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central section.
- the central section and the first and second ends of the tubular sheath have circumferential elongation capabilities from the resting state of the respective substantially equal tubular sheath.
- Such a sheath is a woven sheath.
- the longitudinal threads extend longitudinally along the length of the tubular sheath.
- the sheath comprises for example a single circumferential wire. In a variant, it comprises several circumferential threads. Each circumferential wire wraps around the longitudinal axis, from one longitudinal end to the other of the sheath.
- Each circumferential and / or longitudinal yarn preferably has a maximum elongation rate from the resting state of the substantially constant tubular sheath throughout its length.
- maximum elongation rate from the state of rest is meant the ratio between the maximum possible length of the wire, and its length when the tubular sheath occupies its state of rest.
- the longitudinal and / or circumferential threads, in the rest state of the sheath may be in a state of partial elongation.
- the state of rest of the sheath does not necessarily correspond to a state of rest of the longitudinal and circumferential son.
- the tubular sheath is cylindrical in the state of rest. It has the same diameter as the mandrel. For example, it has a circular cross section, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, constant along the entire sheath. In a variant, it is not cylindrical.
- the circumferential wire is interwoven with the longitudinal wires.
- the circumferential yarn and the longitudinal yarns are part of the same sheet, typically of the same woven sheet.
- the circumferential yarn belongs to a first ply and the longitudinal yarns belong to a second ply distinct from the first ply.
- the circumferential yarn and the longitudinal yarns belong to different plies.
- the circumferential yarn is typically interwoven with longitudinal yarns of high elasticity, so that the expansion of said first ply is always limited by the circumferential yarn.
- the longitudinal threads are interlaced with one or more circumferential threads of high elasticity, so that the expansion of the ply at the first end is always limited by the longitudinal threads.
- the first and second plies are tubular.
- the first ply is located radially outside the second ply, or conversely the second ply is located radially outside the first ply.
- each circumferential and / or longitudinal wire is substantially inextensible, at least one section of the circumferential and / or longitudinal wire adopting a pleated configuration at the rest state of the tubular sheath and a configuration stretched in the expanded state of the tubular sheath.
- each circumferential and / or longitudinal wire is of the type described in FR 2 910 047 .
- This type of yarn has an elongation curve as a function of the tensile force applied to the yarn having two very contrasting phases.
- the wires In a first phase, the wires have an extremely low elongation resistance. From a certain elongation value, corresponding to the point where all the pleats of the wire are developed, the elongation resistance of the wire becomes extremely high.
- the thread is in Kevlar.
- each circumferential and / or longitudinal yarn is of the type known as "structured yarn".
- These son are inelastic material, and have in the absence of tension a plurality of folds.
- each circumferential and / or longitudinal wire comprises at least one wire of a first type and at least one wire of a second type, the wire of the first type having a degree of tenacity lower than that of the wire. of second type, the wire of the second type having a degree of elasticity lower than that of the first type, the wire of the second type, when a predetermined maximum elongation rate of the circumferential and / or longitudinal yarn is reached, being completely elongated and the yarn of the first type being wound helically around the yarn of the second type, the yarn of the second type being helically wound around the yarn of the first type when the circumferential yarn and / or longitudinal is at rest.
- circumferential and / or longitudinal wire is of the type described in the application filed under the number PCT / FR 2013/051381 .
- each longitudinal thread has a maximum elongation rate from the rest state of the sheath substantially equal to ⁇ / 2.
- Such an elongation rate makes it possible to obtain a hemispherical profile at the first end of the inflatable sleeve.
- the tubular sheath is rigidly fixed to the mandrel along a plurality of circumferences, distributed longitudinally between the first and second longitudinal ends.
- the sleeve thus comprises, in addition to rings for fixing the tubular sheath and the casing to the mandrel, a plurality of intermediate rings.
- the intermediate rings are for example regularly spaced longitudinally between the end rings. They rigidly fix each the casing and the tubular sheath to the mandrel at a point of the central section of the tubular sheath. They press the tubular sheath and the casing against the mandrel over their entire circumference, and prevent the expansion of the tubular sheath and the expansion of the casing along said circumferences.
- the sleeve When the envelope is inflated, the sleeve thus comprises a plurality of "balls" arranged longitudinally one behind the other. Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain an excellent seal.
- the spacing between said circumferences along which the tubular sheath is attached to the mandrel increases, from the first and / or second longitudinal end of the sleeve. This gives the sleeve a spindle shape at its end or ends.
- the invention relates to the use of at least one sleeve with the above characteristics in a bore traversing successively first and second layers superimposed on one another, the first layer being relatively softer and deformable, and the second layer being relatively harder and less deformable, the sleeve being disposed in the borehole, at the interface between the first and second layers. More specifically, the first longitudinal end of the tubular sheath is placed in line with the first layer, and the second longitudinal end is placed in line with the second layer. When the envelope is inflated, the tubular sheath is pressed against the peripheral wall of the borehole, and exerts pressure thereon.
- the first layer being softer than the second layer
- the drilling has the right of the first layer a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the same bore in the second layer.
- the wall of the borehole thus forms a shoulder at the interface between the layers.
- the inflatable sleeve shown on the figure 2 is a "packer" used for logging or underground mining in particular.
- the sleeve 13 comprises a mandrel 15 extending in a longitudinal direction X, an inflatable sealed envelope 17 mounted around the mandrel 15, and a tubular sheath 19 threaded around the inflatable envelope 17.
- the envelope 17 is shown in broken lines on the figure 2 .
- the internal volume of the envelope 17 communicates with a source of unrepresented gas under pressure, via passages in the mandrel 15.
- the envelope 17 is capable of selectively adopting a retracted state around the mandrel 15 and a radially expanded state.
- the envelope 17 is represented in its two positions on the figure 2 .
- the envelope 17 is for example a natural or synthetic rubber. Its two opposite longitudinal ends are rigidly fixed to the mandrel 15 by means of rings 21.
- the casing 17 is for example pressed against the mandrel 15, and has a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the tubular sheath 19 also has first and second longitudinal ends 23 and 25 rigidly fixed to the mandrel 15 by the rings 21.
- the inflatable envelope passes from its retracted state to its expanded state, it causes the expansion of the tubular sheath from a state of rest to an expanded state.
- the two states of the tubular sheath are represented on the figure 2 .
- the tubular sheath 19 is substantially cylindrical, and is pressed on the casing 10.
- the expanded state is determined by the deformation characteristics of the sheath itself.
- the tubular sheath 19 comprises a substantially cylindrical central section 27, the first and second ends 23 and 25 having, considered in section in a plane containing the longitudinal axis X, a substantially quarter-circle profile.
- the figure 3 shows the evolution of the profile of the tubular sheath 19 as and when swelling of the casing 17.
- the sheath has a cylindrical shape of diameter D0, corresponding substantially to the diameter of the mandrel 15.
- the profile of the sheath is thus substantially rectilinear and extends from point A to point B.
- the profile of the tubular sheath is represented by the line AA'2 B'2B.
- the segment A'2B'2 corresponds to the central section 27 of the sheath. It has a diameter D2.
- the lines A A'2 and B'2 B each draw a quarter circle, respectively center A2 and B2.
- a state of intermediate expansion is also represented on the figure 3 .
- the profile of the sheath is represented by the line A A'1 B'1 B.
- the segment A'1 B'1 is rectilinear.
- the lines AA'1 and B'1 B are quarter circles, whose centers are respectively A1 and B1.
- the radius of the quarter circle A A'1 is smaller than the quarter circle radius A A'2.
- the segment AA2 it is rectilinear when the sheath is at rest. It can be seen that when the sheath reaches its expanded state, this segment takes the form of a quarter circle AA'2, whose center is A2. The segment A A2 has therefore seen its length lengthen by a factor of ⁇ / 2. This same value of the elongation rate is found for the intermediate state of swelling. The AA1 segment lengthened by a factor of ⁇ / 2. To obtain a rigorously hemispherical shape profile at the ends of the sleeve, it is therefore necessary that the tubular sheath has a longitudinal elongation capacity equal to ⁇ / 2 at least on the straight section AA2.
- the circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the sheath will control the diameter D2 of the central section of the sheath in the expanded state.
- the central section is in substantially the same state of longitudinal elongation as the rest state of the sheath.
- the segment A2B2 has the same longitudinal length as the segment A'2B'2.
- the end portion 23 adopts a quarter-circle profile. If the longitudinal elongation capacity is 2.2, the first end has a protruding profile than in the first case. More specifically, the section of the sheath having a diameter D2 is longer. It goes up closer to the ring 21. Furthermore, the sheath has a curved surface 29, which extends longitudinally to the right of the ring 21, or even beyond the ring 21.
- a similar effect can be obtained by giving the ring 21 the ability to slide on the mandrel 15 towards the central section 27 during the expansion of the sheath. It is thus possible to obtain a profile in a circular arc as described above with a sheath having no capacity for longitudinal elongation by providing a ring 21 capable of sliding on a stroke equal to the difference in length between the circumference of the arc AA ' 2 and the segment AA2.
- the profile of the sheath on the section 23, A-A ' 2 is in the shape of a circular arc. This circular arc passes through the point A, and is connected tangentially to the section 27 A ' 2 -B' 2 .
- the profile of the first end 23 is less salient than when the elongation capacity is ⁇ / 2.
- the portion of the sheath having a diameter D2 is shorter. It goes back less far to the ring 21.
- the sheath is a sheath woven as shown in FIG. figure 5 .
- the sheath then comprises a plurality of longitudinal inextensible wires 31 and at least one inextensible circumferential wire 33.
- These son are for example each of a natural fiber such as cotton, linen or hemp, or glass fibers, carbon fibers, or organic fibers such as aramid, para-aramid, polyester, polypropylene, polyamide etc.
- the sheath also comprises longitudinal elastic threads 35 and at least one circumferential elastic thread 37.
- the elastic threads 35 and 37 elongate at the same time as the inextensible threads 31 and 33. Their function is when the inelastic threads 31 and 33 are unfolded, to remind these wires to their pleated configuration.
- the son 31, 35 are interwoven with the son 33, 37.
- the maximum elongation rate of the longitudinal son 31 is a function of the number of folds formed in these son when the tubular sheath is in the state of rest.
- the maximum elongation rate of the circumferential thread (s) is determined by the number of folds of these threads in the rest state of the sheath.
- the longitudinal threads have a constant maximum elongation rate over their entire length.
- each circumferential yarn has a constant maximum elongation rate over its entire length.
- the elongation rate of the longitudinal son is for example between 1.05 and 2.5, preferably between 1.3 and 2.2, and more preferably between 1.4 and 1.8.
- the maximum elongation rate of the longitudinal threads is set at a suitable value to give the sheath, once mounted on the sleeve, the desired longitudinal elongation capacity.
- the maximum elongation rate from the idle state of the sheath or circumferential threads 33 is set so as to obtain a diameter D2 of the sheath in the expanded state.
- each turn of the circumferential wire 33 must be able to pass from a diameter D0 to the diameter D2, that is to say to lengthen by a maximum elongation rate equal to D2 / D0.
- the figure 6 represents the tensile force F / elongation X curve of an elastic yarn such as the yarns 31 and 33.
- the elongation of 0% corresponds to the situation where the yarn is at rest, and is not subjected to any traction. It can be seen that a high elongation, for example of 220%, can be obtained with a moderate tensile force, here in the order of 1 kg. However, as soon as the wire is fully unfolded, the resistance at lengthening increases sharply. Indeed, the son 31 and 33 are made of a substantially inextensible material. Thus, it is possible from 220% only to obtain a small additional elongation, with a high tensile force. Such a tensile force is for example 100 kg in the example of the Figure 6 .
- the sheath is woven with yarns known as structured yarns.
- structured yarns These son are inelastic material, and have at rest a plurality of folds. When they are subjected to traction, the folds break down and the threads get longer. When the traction is interrupted, the threads take on their own shape pleated. It is therefore not necessary that the sheath comprises elastic son, in addition to structured son. Structured yarns can have elongation rates of up to 2.5.
- the sheath is woven with longitudinal threads and at least one circumferential thread which are each of the type described in the international patent application filed under the number PCT / FR 2013/051381 .
- the sheath is divided into two superimposed layers.
- a first ply incorporates the circumferential threads with elastic longitudinal threads but not very strong, and a second ply integrating the longitudinal threads with elastic peripheral threads but not very resistant. This eliminates the risk of wear of peripheral son and longitudinal son at their point of intersection.
- the sleeve of the figure 8 comprises, in addition to the rings 21 for fixing the tubular sheath 19 and the casing 17 to the mandrel 15, a plurality of intermediate rings 61.
- the intermediate rings 61 are regularly spaced longitudinally between the end rings 21. They rigidly fix each envelope 17 and the tubular sheath 19 to the mandrel 15 at a point of the central portion 27. They press the tubular sheath 19 and the casing 17 against the mandrel over their entire circumference. They prevent the expansion of the tubular sheath 19 and the expansion of the casing 17 along said circumferences.
- FIG 8 illustrates the sleeve 13 in the expanded state of the inflatable envelope and the expanded state of the tubular sheath 19.
- Figure 12 clearly shows that the sleeve 13 forms a plurality of balls 63 along the mandrel 11, each ball 63 being formed between two intermediate rings 61 or between an end ring 21 and an intermediate ring 61.
- the ball 63 may have all kinds of shape, depending on the spacing between the two rings 21, 61 defining it.
- the casing 17 and the tubular sheath 19 have toric shapes.
- the envelope 17 and the tubular sheath 19 may have, considered in radial section, a half-ellipse shape, or a shape with a central cylindrical section and two end sections in an arc.
- Such a sleeve makes it possible to obtain an excellent seal when it is used as a logging packer or when operating the subsoil.
- the spacing between the rings is increasing from the longitudinal end of the casing 17, that is to say the end ring 21.
- the longitudinal spacing between the first ring intermediate 61 and the end ring 21 is less than the longitudinal spacing between the first intermediate ring 61 and the second intermediate ring 61, and so on.
- the figure 10 illustrates another particularly advantageous use of the inflatable sleeve of the invention.
- This may be used in a well 75 traversing a terrain consisting of layers having different hardnesses from each other.
- the well 75 passes successively through two layers 77 and 79, superimposed on one another.
- the layer 77 is relatively softer and deformable.
- the layer 79 is relatively harder and less deformable.
- the sleeve 13 is disposed in the well 75, at the interface between the layers 77 and 79. More specifically, the first longitudinal end of the tubular sheath 19 is placed in line with the layer 77, and the second longitudinal end 25. is placed in line with the second layer 79.
- the tubular sheath 19 is pressed against the peripheral wall 80 of the well, and exerts pressure thereon.
- the well 75 Since the layer 77 is softer than the layer 79, the well 75 has, in line with the layer 77, a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the same well in line with the layer 79.
- the wall 80 of the well therefore forms a shoulder 83 on the interface between the layers 77 and 79.
- the sleeve 13 marries, at the central portion of the sheath 19, the shape of the shoulder 83.
- the sleeve of the invention is particularly well adapted to conform to the shape of the shoulder 83, because the tubular sheath can adopt shapes with a diameter that varies very rapidly, at its ends but also in its central part.
- the sleeves of the state of the art do not have the same peculiarity, and have the defect of bursting when they are arranged at the interface between two layers of different hardnesses, as illustrated in FIG. figure 10 .
- the inflatable sleeve may also be used to produce inflatable objects filled with a gas or a liquid and whose limiting shape, with full swelling, is similar to that of the sleeve described above.
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Description
L'invention concerne en générale les gaines tubulaires, notamment les manchons gonflables utilisés pour la diagraphie et l'exploitation de forages du sous sol.The invention generally relates to tubular sleeves, including inflatable sleeves used for logging and underground drilling operations.
Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un manchon gonflable, le manchon comprenant :
- un mandrin s'étendant suivant une direction longitudinale ;
- une enveloppe gonflable située autour du mandrin ;
- une gaine tubulaire enfilée autour de l'enveloppe, la gaine tubulaire ayant un tronçon central et des première et seconde extrémités longitudinales situées de part et d'autre du tronçon central, les première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire étant fixée au mandrin, la gaine tubulaire étant extensible à partir d'un état de repos jusqu'à un état expansé.
- a mandrel extending in a longitudinal direction;
- an inflatable envelope located around the mandrel;
- a tubular sheath threaded around the casing, the tubular sheath having a central section and first and second longitudinal ends located on either side of the central section, the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath being fixed to the mandrel the tubular sheath being extensible from a state of rest to an expanded state.
Par ailleurs, la demande déposée sous le numéro
La gaine tubulaire de
Dans une telle gaine, les fils longitudinaux ne subissent qu'une très faible élongation quand la gaine passe de son état de repos à son état expansé. La forme en fuseau est contrôlée en faisant varier progressivement le taux maximum d'élongation des fils périphériques. Le taux maximum d'élongation augmente progressivement le long des extrémités 5 et 7 jusqu'au tronçon central 3.In such a sheath, the longitudinal threads undergo only a very slight elongation when the sheath changes from its rest state to its expanded state. The spindle shape is controlled by gradually varying the maximum elongation rate of the peripheral wires. The maximum rate of elongation increases gradually along the
Toutefois, une gaine tubulaire de ce type ne peut pas être utilisée dans le cas où le profil recherché aux extrémités longitudinales de la gaine, à l'état expansé, est de forme hémisphérique. Un tel profil est représenté sur la
Dans ce contexte, l'invention vise à proposer un manchon gonflable qui peut adopter, à l'état expansé, un profil hémisphérique aux extrémités longitudinales.In this context, the invention aims to provide an inflatable sleeve which can adopt, in the expanded state, a hemispherical profile at the longitudinal ends.
A cette fin, l'invention porte sur un manchon gonflable du type précité, caractérisé en ce que
- la gaine tubulaire présente une capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire prédéterminée ; et
- les première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire présentent une capacité d'élongation longitudinale à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire comprise entre 1,05 et 2,5, choisie pour limiter l'expansion diamétrale des première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire et donner sa forme à ladite première et/ou seconde extrémités.
- the tubular sheath has a circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the predetermined tubular sheath; and
- the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath have a longitudinal elongation capacity from the state of rest of the tubular sheath of between 1.05 and 2.5, chosen to limit the diametric expansion of the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath and give its shape to said first and / or second ends.
La capacité d'élongation circonférentielle prédéterminée va déterminer le diamètre du tronçon central. En revanche, à la première et/ou seconde extrémité longitudinale de la gaine tubulaire, le profil à l'état expansé est contrôlé par la capacité d'élongation longitudinale, et non par la capacité d'élongation circonférentielle de la gaine. C'est en effet la capacité d'élongation longitudinale qui limite l'expansion de la première extrémité longitudinale de la gaine. Si la capacité d'élongation longitudinale vaut Π/2, c'est-à-dire environ 1,57, la première extrémité longitudinale de la gaine adopte un profil en quart de cercle à l'état expansé. Si la capacité d'élongation longitudinale est supérieure à Π/2, le profil de la première extrémité longitudinale sera légèrement plus bombée à l'état expansé. Pour une capacité d'élongation longitudinale inférieure à Π/2, le profil de la première extrémité longitudinale sera un peu moins bombé.The predetermined circumferential elongation capacity will determine the diameter of the central section. On the other hand, at the first and / or second longitudinal end of the tubular sheath, the profile in the expanded state is controlled by the longitudinal elongation capacity, and not by the circumferential elongation capacity of the sheath. It is indeed the capacity of longitudinal elongation which limits the expansion of the first longitudinal end of the sheath. If the longitudinal elongation capacity is Π / 2, i.e., about 1.57, the first longitudinal end of the sheath adopts a quadrant profile in the expanded state. If the longitudinal elongation capacity is greater than Π / 2, the profile of the first longitudinal end will be slightly more curved in the expanded state. For a longitudinal elongation capacity of less than Π / 2, the profile of the first longitudinal end will be a little less curved.
On entend ici par capacité d'élongation longitudinale à partir de l'état de repos le rapport entre la longueur longitudinale développée d'un tronçon de gaine quand celui-ci est expansé au maximum possible, et la longueur longitudinale du même tronçon quand la gaine est dans son état de repos.The term "longitudinal elongation capacity" from the state of rest is here used to mean the ratio between the developed longitudinal length of a section of sheath when the latter is is expanded to the maximum possible, and the longitudinal length of the same section when the sheath is in its state of rest.
De même, on entend par capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos, le rapport entre la longueur circonférentielle maximum d'un tronçon de la gaine quand cette gaine est expansée au maximum, et la longueur circonférentielle du même tronçon de gaine, quand cette gaine est dans son état de repos.Likewise, by circumferential elongation capacity from the state of rest is meant the ratio between the maximum circumferential length of a section of the sheath when this sheath is expanded to the maximum, and the circumferential length of the same section of the sheath. sheath, when this sheath is in its state of rest.
La capacité d'élongation circonférentielle prédéterminée du tronçon central est choisie en fonction du diamètre maximum recherché pour le manchon, qui est lui-même fonction de l'utilisation envisagée pour le manchon. Elle peut être supérieure à 4, et est par exemple comprise entre 1,5 et 4. Elle est par exemple égale à 3,5.The predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central section is chosen according to the maximum diameter sought for the sleeve, which is itself a function of the intended use for the sleeve. It may be greater than 4, and is for example between 1.5 and 4. It is for example equal to 3.5.
La capacité d'élongation circonférentielle des première et/ou seconde extrémités à partir de l'état de repos ne limite pas l'expansion diamétrale de la gaine le long de la première et/ou seconde extrémité. Ceci signifie que, si la capacité d'élongation longitudinale de la gaine était augmentée, la première et/ou seconde extrémité de la gaine subirait une expansion diamétrale plus grande. En revanche, le diamètre à la ligne de jonction entre la première et/ou seconde extrémité et le tronçon central ne serait pas affecté. En revanche, la longueur longitudinale de chaque extrémité serait modifiée.The circumferential elongation capability of the first and / or second ends from the resting state does not limit the diametrical expansion of the sheath along the first and / or second end. This means that, if the longitudinal elongation capacity of the sheath is increased, the first and / or second end of the sheath would be expanded diametrically larger. On the other hand, the diameter at the junction line between the first and / or second end and the central section would not be affected. On the other hand, the longitudinal length of each end would be modified.
Le fait que les première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire présentent une capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire proche de ladite capacité d'élongation circonférentielle prédéterminée du tronçon central, notée ici C, signifie ici que cette capacité d'élongation circonférentielle est comprise C-20% et C+20%, de préférence entre C-10% et C+10%, et vaut typiquement C.The fact that the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath have a circumferential elongation capacity from the state of rest of the tubular sheath close to said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central section, denoted here C, here means that this circumferential elongation capacity is between C-20% and C + 20%, preferably between C-10% and C + 10%, and is typically C.
La capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos est de préférence constante le long des première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire. De préférence elle est constante le long de toute la gaine tubulaire, c'est-à-dire invariable longitudinalement. En variante, elle varie légèrement longitudinalement, le long du tronçon central et/ou des première et seconde extrémités.The circumferential elongation capacity from the resting state is preferably constant along the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath. Preferably it is constant along the entire tubular sheath, that is to say invariably longitudinally. As a variant, it varies slightly longitudinally, along the central section and / or the first and second ends.
La capacité d'élongation longitudinale à partir de l'état de repos au niveau des première et/ou seconde extrémités est comprise entre 1,05 et 2,5, de préférence entre 1,3 et 2,2, et encore de préférence entre 1,4 et 2.The longitudinal elongation capacity from the state of rest at the first and / or second ends is between 1.05 and 2.5, preferably between 1.3 and 2.2, and more preferably between 1,4 and 2.
La gaine est typiquement une gaine textile, par exemple une gaine tissée ou tricotée.The sheath is typically a textile sheath, for example a woven or knitted sheath.
Dans le cas d'une gaine tricotée, c'est le choix approprié de la technique de tricotage et du taux d'élongation maximum du fil utilisé pour ce tricotage qui permet d'obtenir le résultat en terme de capacité d'élongation circonférentielle et longitudinale de la gaine.In the case of a knitted sheath, it is the appropriate choice of the knitting technique and the maximum elongation rate of the yarn used for this knitting which makes it possible to obtain the result in terms of circumferential and longitudinal elongation capacity. of the sheath.
Selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention, le tronçon central de la gaine tubulaire présente ladite capacité d'élongation circonférentielle prédéterminée, et les première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire présentent une capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire proche de ladite capacité d'élongation circonférentielle prédéterminée du tronçon central.According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, the central section of the tubular sheath has said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity, and the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath have a circumferential elongation capacity from the state. resting the tubular sheath close to said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central section.
Ceci permet de simplifier la conception de la gaine tubulaire.This simplifies the design of the tubular sheath.
Selon un autre aspect avantageux de l'invention, le tronçon central et les première et deuxième extrémités de la gaine tubulaire présentent des capacités d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire respectives sensiblement égales.According to another advantageous aspect of the invention, the central section and the first and second ends of the tubular sheath have circumferential elongation capabilities from the resting state of the respective substantially equal tubular sheath.
Ceci permet de simplifier plus avant la conception de la gaine tubulaire.This further simplifies the design of the tubular sheath.
Selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention, la gaine comprend des fils longitudinaux et au moins un fil circonférentiel,
- le fil circonférentiel ayant un taux d'élongation maximal prédéterminé à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire ; et
- les fils longitudinaux ayant un taux d'élongation maximal à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire compris entre 1,05 et 2,5 pour limiter l'expansion diamétrale de la première extrémité de la gaine tubulaire et lui donner sa forme.
- the circumferential yarn having a predetermined maximum elongation rate from the rest state of the tubular sheath; and
- the longitudinal threads having a maximum elongation rate from the rest state of the tubular sheath of between 1.05 and 2.5 to limit the diametrical expansion of the first end of the tubular sheath and give it its shape .
Une telle gaine est une gaine tissée.Such a sheath is a woven sheath.
Les fils longitudinaux, par exemple, s'étendent longitudinalement sur toute la longueur de la gaine tubulaire. La gaine comprend par exemple un fil circonférentiel unique. En variante, elle comporte plusieurs fils circonférentiels. Chaque fil circonférentiel s'enroule autour de l'axe longitudinal, d'une extrémité longitudinale à l'autre de la gaine.The longitudinal threads, for example, extend longitudinally along the length of the tubular sheath. The sheath comprises for example a single circumferential wire. In a variant, it comprises several circumferential threads. Each circumferential wire wraps around the longitudinal axis, from one longitudinal end to the other of the sheath.
Chaque fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal a de préférence un taux d'élongation maximal à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire sensiblement constant sur toute sa longueur.Each circumferential and / or longitudinal yarn preferably has a maximum elongation rate from the resting state of the substantially constant tubular sheath throughout its length.
On entend par taux d'élongation maximal à partir de l'état de repos, le rapport entre la longueur maximale possible du fil, et sa longueur quand la gaine tubulaire occupe son état de repos.By maximum elongation rate from the state of rest is meant the ratio between the maximum possible length of the wire, and its length when the tubular sheath occupies its state of rest.
Il est à noter que les fils longitudinaux et/ou circonférentiels, à l'état de repos de la gaine, peuvent être dans un état d'élongation partielle. L'état de repos de la gaine ne correspond donc pas nécessairement à un état de repos des fils longitudinaux et circonférentiels.It should be noted that the longitudinal and / or circumferential threads, in the rest state of the sheath, may be in a state of partial elongation. The state of rest of the sheath does not necessarily correspond to a state of rest of the longitudinal and circumferential son.
Typiquement, la gaine tubulaire est cylindrique à l'état de repos. Elle présente le même diamètre que le mandrin. Par exemple, elle présente une section droite circulaire, perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale, constante le long de toute la gaine. En variante, elle n'est pas cylindrique.Typically, the tubular sheath is cylindrical in the state of rest. It has the same diameter as the mandrel. For example, it has a circular cross section, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, constant along the entire sheath. In a variant, it is not cylindrical.
Selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention, le fil circonférentiel est entrelacé avec les fils longitudinaux. Dans ce cas, le fil circonférentiel et les fils longitudinaux font partis d'une même nappe, typiquement d'une même nappe tissée.According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, the circumferential wire is interwoven with the longitudinal wires. In this case, the circumferential yarn and the longitudinal yarns are part of the same sheet, typically of the same woven sheet.
Alternativement, le fil circonférentiel appartient à une première nappe et les fils longitudinaux appartiennent à une seconde nappe distincte de la première nappe.Alternatively, the circumferential yarn belongs to a first ply and the longitudinal yarns belong to a second ply distinct from the first ply.
En d'autres termes, le fil circonférentiel et les fils longitudinaux appartiennent à des nappes différentes. Dans la première nappe, le fil circonférentiel est typiquement entrelacé avec des fils longitudinaux de grande élasticité, de telle sorte que l'expansion de ladite première nappe est toujours limitée par le fil circonférentiel.In other words, the circumferential yarn and the longitudinal yarns belong to different plies. In the first ply, the circumferential yarn is typically interwoven with longitudinal yarns of high elasticity, so that the expansion of said first ply is always limited by the circumferential yarn.
De même, dans la seconde nappe, les fils longitudinaux sont entrelacés avec un ou plusieurs fils circonférentiels de grande élasticité, de telle sorte que l'expansion de la nappe au niveau de la première extrémité est toujours limitée par les fils longitudinaux.Likewise, in the second ply, the longitudinal threads are interlaced with one or more circumferential threads of high elasticity, so that the expansion of the ply at the first end is always limited by the longitudinal threads.
Les première et seconde nappes sont tubulaires. Par exemple, la première nappe est située radialement à l'extérieur de la seconde nappe, ou inversement la seconde nappe est située radialement à l'extérieure de la première.The first and second plies are tubular. For example, the first ply is located radially outside the second ply, or conversely the second ply is located radially outside the first ply.
Selon un premier exemple de réalisation de l'invention, chaque fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal est sensiblement inextensible, au moins un tronçon du fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal adoptant une configuration plissée à l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire et une configuration étirée à l'état expansé de la gaine tubulaire.According to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention, each circumferential and / or longitudinal wire is substantially inextensible, at least one section of the circumferential and / or longitudinal wire adopting a pleated configuration at the rest state of the tubular sheath and a configuration stretched in the expanded state of the tubular sheath.
En d'autres termes, chaque fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal est du type décrit dans
Selon un second exemple de réalisation, chaque fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal est du type connu sous le nom de « fil structuré ». Ces fils sont en un matériau inélastique, et présentent en l'absence de tension une pluralité de plis.According to a second exemplary embodiment, each circumferential and / or longitudinal yarn is of the type known as "structured yarn". These son are inelastic material, and have in the absence of tension a plurality of folds.
Selon un troisième exemple de réalisation, chaque fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal comporte au moins un fil d'un premier type et au moins un fil d'un second type, le fil du premier type présentant un degré de ténacité inférieur à celui du fil de second type, le fil du second type présentant un degré d'élasticité inférieur à celui du premier type, le fil du second type, lorsqu'un taux d'élongation maximal prédéterminé du fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal est atteint, se trouvant complètement allongé et le fil du premier type se trouvant enroulé en hélice autour du fil du second type, le fil du second type étant enroulé en hélice autour du fil du premier type quand le fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal est au repos.According to a third exemplary embodiment, each circumferential and / or longitudinal wire comprises at least one wire of a first type and at least one wire of a second type, the wire of the first type having a degree of tenacity lower than that of the wire. of second type, the wire of the second type having a degree of elasticity lower than that of the first type, the wire of the second type, when a predetermined maximum elongation rate of the circumferential and / or longitudinal yarn is reached, being completely elongated and the yarn of the first type being wound helically around the yarn of the second type, the yarn of the second type being helically wound around the yarn of the first type when the circumferential yarn and / or longitudinal is at rest.
En d'autres termes, le fil circonférentiel et/ou longitudinal est du type décrit dans la demande déposée sous le numéro
Avantageusement, chaque fil longitudinal a un taux d'élongation maximal à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine sensiblement égal à Π/2.Advantageously, each longitudinal thread has a maximum elongation rate from the rest state of the sheath substantially equal to Π / 2.
Un tel taux d'élongation permet d'obtenir un profil hémisphérique à la première extrémité du manchon gonflable.Such an elongation rate makes it possible to obtain a hemispherical profile at the first end of the inflatable sleeve.
Selon une variante de réalisation, la gaine tubulaire est rigidement fixée au mandrin le long d'une pluralité de circonférences, réparties longitudinalement entre les première et seconde extrémités longitudinales. Le manchon comporte ainsi, en plus des bagues permettant de fixer la gaine tubulaire et l'enveloppe au mandrin, une pluralité de bagues intermédiaires. Les bagues intermédiaires sont par exemple régulièrement espacées longitudinalement, entre les bagues d'extrémités. Elles fixent rigidement chacune l'enveloppe et la gaine tubulaire au mandrin en un point du tronçon central de la gaine tubulaire. Elles plaquent la gaine tubulaire et l'enveloppe contre le mandrin sur toute leur circonférence, et empêchent l'expansion de la gaine tubulaire et la dilatation de l'enveloppe le long desdites circonférences.According to an alternative embodiment, the tubular sheath is rigidly fixed to the mandrel along a plurality of circumferences, distributed longitudinally between the first and second longitudinal ends. The sleeve thus comprises, in addition to rings for fixing the tubular sheath and the casing to the mandrel, a plurality of intermediate rings. The intermediate rings are for example regularly spaced longitudinally between the end rings. They rigidly fix each the casing and the tubular sheath to the mandrel at a point of the central section of the tubular sheath. They press the tubular sheath and the casing against the mandrel over their entire circumference, and prevent the expansion of the tubular sheath and the expansion of the casing along said circumferences.
Quand l'enveloppe est gonflée, le manchon comporte ainsi une pluralité de « boules » disposées longitudinalement les unes derrière les autres. Une telle configuration permet d'obtenir une excellente étanchéité.When the envelope is inflated, the sleeve thus comprises a plurality of "balls" arranged longitudinally one behind the other. Such a configuration makes it possible to obtain an excellent seal.
En variante, l'écartement entre lesdites circonférences le long desquelles la gaine tubulaire est fixée au mandrin va en s'accroissant, à partir de la première et/ou la deuxième extrémité longitudinale du manchon. On confère ainsi au manchon une forme de fuseau à sa ou ses extrémités.Alternatively, the spacing between said circumferences along which the tubular sheath is attached to the mandrel increases, from the first and / or second longitudinal end of the sleeve. This gives the sleeve a spindle shape at its end or ends.
Selon encore un autre aspect, l'invention concerne l'utilisation d'au moins un manchon les caractéristiques ci-dessus dans un forage traversant successivement des première et seconde couches superposées l'une à l'autre, la première couche étant relativement plus molle et déformable, et la seconde couche étant relativement plus dure et moins déformable, le manchon étant disposé dans le forage, au niveau de l'interface entre les première et seconde couches. Plus précisément, la première extrémité longitudinale de la gaine tubulaire est placée au droit de la première couche, et la seconde extrémité longitudinale est placée au droit de la seconde couche. Quand l'enveloppe est gonflée, la gaine tubulaire est plaquée contre la paroi périphérique du forage, et exerce une pression sur celle-ci.According to yet another aspect, the invention relates to the use of at least one sleeve with the above characteristics in a bore traversing successively first and second layers superimposed on one another, the first layer being relatively softer and deformable, and the second layer being relatively harder and less deformable, the sleeve being disposed in the borehole, at the interface between the first and second layers. More specifically, the first longitudinal end of the tubular sheath is placed in line with the first layer, and the second longitudinal end is placed in line with the second layer. When the envelope is inflated, the tubular sheath is pressed against the peripheral wall of the borehole, and exerts pressure thereon.
La première couche étant plus molle que la seconde couche, le forage présente au droit de la première couche un diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre du même forage au droit de la seconde couche. La paroi du forage forme donc un épaulement à l'interface entre les couches. Le manchon épouse, au niveau de la partie centrale de la gaine, la forme de l'épaulement.The first layer being softer than the second layer, the drilling has the right of the first layer a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the same bore in the second layer. The wall of the borehole thus forms a shoulder at the interface between the layers. The sleeve wife, at the central portion of the sheath, the shape of the shoulder.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description détaillée qui en est donnée ci-dessous, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :
- la
figure 1 représente une moitié d'un manchon gonflable conforme à l'état de la technique ; - la
figure 2 est une vue similaire à celle de lafigure 1 , pour un manchon conforme à l'invention ; - la
figure 3 illustre la déformation de la gaine tubulaire du manchon de lafigure 2 , pour différents états d'expansion ; - la
figure 4 illustre un manchon avec une gaine à l'état expansé, pour différents types de gaine ayant des capacités d'élongation longitudinale différentes ; - la
figure 5 montre la structure d'un premier type de gaine tubulaire ; - la
figure 6 illustre la courbe force de traction/allongement pour un fil appartenant à la structure de lafigure 5 ; - la
figure 7 est une représentation schématique du profil de la gaine à sa première extrémité ; - les
figures 8 et 9 sont des représentations simplifiées de variantes de réalisation du manchon gonflable de l'invention ; et - la
figure 10 est une représentation schématique simplifiée d'une utilisation avantageuse du manchon de l'invention.
- the
figure 1 represents one half of an inflatable sleeve according to the state of the art; - the
figure 2 is a view similar to that of thefigure 1 for a sleeve according to the invention; - the
figure 3 illustrates the deformation of the tubular sheath of the sleeve of thefigure 2 , for different states of expansion; - the
figure 4 illustrates a sleeve with an expanded sheath, for different types of sheath having different longitudinal elongation capabilities; - the
figure 5 shows the structure of a first type of tubular sheath; - the
figure 6 illustrates the tensile force / elongation curve for a wire belonging to the structure of thefigure 5 ; - the
figure 7 is a schematic representation of the profile of the sheath at its first end; - the
figures 8 and9 are simplified representations of alternative embodiments of the inflatable sleeve of the invention; and - the
figure 10 is a simplified schematic representation of an advantageous use of the sleeve of the invention.
Le manchon gonflable représenté sur la
L'enveloppe 17 est par exemple en un caoutchouc naturel ou synthétique. Ses deux extrémités longitudinales opposées sont rigidement fixées au mandrin 15 par l'intermédiaire de bagues 21.The
A l'état rétracté, l'enveloppe 17 est par exemple plaquée contre le mandrin 15, et présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique.In the retracted state, the
La gaine tubulaire 19 présente elle aussi des première et seconde extrémités longitudinales 23 et 25 rigidement fixées au mandrin 15 par les bagues 21. Quand l'enveloppe gonflable passe de son état rétracté à son état dilaté, elle provoque l'expansion de la gaine tubulaire depuis un état de repos jusqu'à un état expansé. Les deux états de la gaine tubulaire sont représentés sur la
Dans l'état de repos, la gaine tubulaire 19 est sensiblement cylindrique, et est plaquée sur l'enveloppe 10.In the state of rest, the
L'état expansé est déterminé par les caractéristiques de déformation de la gaine elle-même.The expanded state is determined by the deformation characteristics of the sheath itself.
Comme visible sur la
La
A l'état expansé, le profil de la gaine tubulaire est représenté par la ligne AA'2 B'2B. Le segment A'2B'2 correspond au tronçon central 27 de la gaine. Il présente un diamètre D2.In the expanded state, the profile of the tubular sheath is represented by the line AA'2 B'2B. The segment A'2B'2 corresponds to the
Les lignes A A'2 et B'2 B dessinent chacune un quart de cercle, respectivement de centre A2 et B2.The lines A A'2 and B'2 B each draw a quarter circle, respectively center A2 and B2.
Un état d'expansion intermédiaire est représenté également sur la
Le rayon du quart de cercle A A'1 est inférieur au rayon de quart de cercle A A'2.The radius of the quarter circle A A'1 is smaller than the quarter circle radius A A'2.
Si l'on considère par exemple le segment AA2, celui-ci est rectiligne quand la gaine est au repos. On constate que lorsque la gaine atteint son état expansé, ce segment prend la forme d'un quart de cercle AA'2, dont le centre est A2. Le segment A A2 a donc vu sa longueur s'allonger d'un facteur de Π/2. On retrouve cette même valeur du taux d'élongation pour l'état intermédiaire de gonflement. Le segment AA1 s'est allongé d'un facteur de Π/2. Pour obtenir un profil de forme rigoureusement hémisphérique aux extrémités du manchon, il faut donc que la gaine tubulaire ait une capacité d'allongement longitudinale égale à Π/2 au moins sur la section droite AA2.If we consider for example the segment AA2, it is rectilinear when the sheath is at rest. It can be seen that when the sheath reaches its expanded state, this segment takes the form of a quarter circle AA'2, whose center is A2. The segment A A2 has therefore seen its length lengthen by a factor of Π / 2. This same value of the elongation rate is found for the intermediate state of swelling. The AA1 segment lengthened by a factor of Π / 2. To obtain a rigorously hemispherical shape profile at the ends of the sleeve, it is therefore necessary that the tubular sheath has a longitudinal elongation capacity equal to Π / 2 at least on the straight section AA2.
Par ailleurs, il est clair que, pour permettre à la gaine de prendre un profil en quart de cercle à ses deux extrémités longitudinales opposées, les critères suivants doivent être respectés:
- le tronçon central de la gaine tubulaire présente une capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire prédéterminée ; et
- les première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire présentent une capacité d'élongation longitudinale à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire comprise entre 1,05
2,5, choisie pour limiter l'expansion diamétrale des première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire et donner sa forme à ladite première et/ou seconde extrémités, les première et/ou seconde extrémités de la gaine tubulaire présentant une capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine tubulaire proche de ladite capacité d'élongation circonférentielle prédéterminée du tronçon central.et
- the central section of the tubular sheath has a circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the predetermined tubular sheath; and
- the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath have a longitudinal elongation capacity from the state of rest of the tubular sheath of between 1.05 and 2.5, chosen to limit the diametric expansion of the first and or second ends of the tubular sheath and give its shape to said first and / or second ends, the first and / or second ends of the tubular sheath having a circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the sheath tubular close to said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central section.
La capacité d'élongation circonférentielle à partir de l'état de repos de la gaine va commander le diamètre D2 du tronçon central de la gaine à l'état expansé. En effet, à l'état expansé de la gaine, le tronçon central se trouve dans sensiblement le même état d'élongation longitudinal qu'à l'état de repose de la gaine. En d'autres termes, le segment A2B2 a la même longueur longitudinale que le segment A'2B'2.The circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the sheath will control the diameter D2 of the central section of the sheath in the expanded state. Indeed, in the expanded state of the sheath, the central section is in substantially the same state of longitudinal elongation as the rest state of the sheath. In other words, the segment A2B2 has the same longitudinal length as the segment A'2B'2.
On a représenté sur la
Il ressort de cette figure que si cette capacité d'élongation longitudinale à partir de l'état de repos vaut Π/2, la partie d'extrémité 23 adopte un profil en quart de cercle. Si la capacité d'élongation longitudinale vaut 2,2, la première extrémité à un profil plus saillant que dans le premier cas. Plus précisément, le tronçon de la gaine ayant un diamètre D2 est plus long. Il remonte plus près de la bague 21. Par ailleurs, la gaine présente une surface 29 bombée, qui s'étend longitudinalement au droit de la bague 21, voire même au-delà de la bague 21.It follows from this figure that if this longitudinal elongation capacity from the idle state is Π / 2, the
En outre, du fait de la différence d'élongation longitudinale entre la première extrémité 23 et le tronçon central 27, on constate un un glissement de la gaine depuis le tronçon central 27 vers cette extrémité 23. En effet, lors du gonflement, la gaine est mise en tension à l'extrémité 23 tandis que la gaine ne subit pas d'élongation longitudinale dans son tronçon central 27, comme décrit précédemment. Cela entraîne un glissement progressif de la gaine du tronçon central vers l'extrémité 23, ce qui entraîne un accroissement de la capacité d'élongation de la gaine dans la zone de l'extrémité 23. On obtient ainsi un profil plus saillant que celui qui correspond à la capacité d'élongation de la gaine dans son état initial.In addition, because of the difference in longitudinal elongation between the
Un effet similaire peut être obtenu en conférant à la bague 21 la capacité de coulisser sur le mandrin 15 vers le tronçon central 27 lors de l'expansion de la gaine. Il est ainsi possible d'obtenir un profil en arc de cercle tel que décrit ci-dessus avec une gaine n'ayant aucune capacité d'élongation longitudinale en prévoyant une bague 21 apte à coulisser sur une course égale à la différence de longueur entre la circonférence de l'arc de cercle A-A'2 et le segment AA2. Comme illustré sur la
Si la capacité d'élongation longitudinale à partir de l'état de repos est inférieure à Π/2, et vaut par exemple 1,8, le profil de la première extrémité 23 est moins saillant que quand la capacité d'élongation vaut Π/2. La portion de la gaine ayant un diamètre D2 est moins longue. Elle remonte moins loin vers la bague 21.If the longitudinal elongation capacity from the state of rest is less than Π / 2, and is for example 1.8, the profile of the
Dans un premier exemple de réalisation, la gaine est une gaine tissée comme représentée sur la
La gaine comporte alors une pluralité de fils longitudinaux inextensibles 31 et au moins un fil circonférentiel inextensible 33.The sheath then comprises a plurality of longitudinal
Ces fils sont par exemple chacun en une fibre naturelle telle que du coton, du lin ou du chanvre, ou en fibres de verre, en fibres de carbone, ou en fibres organiques telles que l'aramide, le para-aramide, le polyester, le polypropylène, le polyamide etc.These son are for example each of a natural fiber such as cotton, linen or hemp, or glass fibers, carbon fibers, or organic fibers such as aramid, para-aramid, polyester, polypropylene, polyamide etc.
Ces fils forment des plis quand la gaine tubulaire est dans son état de repos. Quand la gaine est soumise à une traction longitudinalement ou dans le sens d'une expansion radiale, les fils s'étirent et les plis se défont.These threads form folds when the tubular sheath is in its rest state. When the sheath is pulled longitudinally or in the direction of radial expansion, the wires stretch and the folds are dislodged.
La gaine comporte encore des fils élastiques longitudinaux 35 et au moins un fil élastique circonférentiel 37. Les fils élastiques 35 et 37 s'allongent en même temps que les fils inextensibles 31 et 33. Ils ont pour fonction, lorsque les fils inélastiques 31 et 33 sont déplissés, de rappeler ces fils vers leur configuration plissée.The sheath also comprises longitudinal
Les fils 31, 35 sont entrelacées avec les fils 33, 37. Le taux d'élongation maximal des fils longitudinaux 31 est fonction du nombre de plis formé dans ces fils quand la gaine tubulaire est à l'état de repos. De même, le taux d'élongation maximal du ou des fils circonférentiels est déterminé par le nombre de plis de ces fils à l'état de repos de la gaine.The
Dans un exemple de réalisation, les fils longitudinaux ont un taux d'élongation maximal constant sur toute leur longueur. De même, chaque fil circonférentiel a un taux d'élongation maximal constant sur toute sa longueur.In an exemplary embodiment, the longitudinal threads have a constant maximum elongation rate over their entire length. Likewise, each circumferential yarn has a constant maximum elongation rate over its entire length.
Le taux d'élongation des fils longitudinaux est par exemple compris entre 1,05 et 2,5, de préférence compris entre 1,3 et 2,2, et encore de préférence compris entre 1,4 et 1,8.The elongation rate of the longitudinal son is for example between 1.05 and 2.5, preferably between 1.3 and 2.2, and more preferably between 1.4 and 1.8.
En règle générale, le taux d'élongation maximum des fils longitudinaux est fixé à une valeur adéquate pour conférer à la gaine, une fois montée sur le manchon, la capacité d'élongation longitudinale recherchée.As a general rule, the maximum elongation rate of the longitudinal threads is set at a suitable value to give the sheath, once mounted on the sleeve, the desired longitudinal elongation capacity.
Dans le tronçon central 27 de la gaine, c'est-à-dire entre les points A2 et B2 de la
Aux extrémités 23 et 25 de la gaine, on choisit dans un exemple de réalisation d'avoir le même taux d'élongation maximal pour le ou les fils circonférentiels qu'au centre de la gaine.At the ends 23 and 25 of the sheath, it is chosen in an exemplary embodiment to have the same maximum elongation rate for the circumferential son or son in the center of the sheath.
La
Dans un second mode de réalisation, la gaine est tissée avec des fils connus sous le nom de fils structurés. Ces fils sont en un matériau inélastique, et présentent au repos une pluralité de plis. Quand ils sont soumis à une traction, les plis se défont et les fils s'allongent. Quand la traction est interrompue, les fils reprennent d'eux-mêmes une forme plissée. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire que la gaine comporte des fils élastiques, en plus des fils structurés. Les fils structurés peuvent présenter des taux d'élongation allant jusqu'à 2,5.In a second embodiment, the sheath is woven with yarns known as structured yarns. These son are inelastic material, and have at rest a plurality of folds. When they are subjected to traction, the folds break down and the threads get longer. When the traction is interrupted, the threads take on their own shape pleated. It is therefore not necessary that the sheath comprises elastic son, in addition to structured son. Structured yarns can have elongation rates of up to 2.5.
Dans un troisième mode de réalisation, la gaine est tissée avec des fils longitudinaux et au moins un fil circonférentiel qui sont chacun du type décrit dans la demande de brevet internationale déposée sous le numéro
Dans une variante de réalisation non représentée, la gaine est divisée en deux nappes superposées. Une première nappe intègre les fils circonférentiels avec des fils longitudinaux élastiques mais peu résistants, et une seconde nappe intégrant les fils longitudinaux avec des fils périphériques élastiques mais peu résistants. Ceci permet d'éliminer les risques d'usure des fils périphériques et des fils longitudinaux à leur point de croisement.In an alternative embodiment not shown, the sheath is divided into two superimposed layers. A first ply incorporates the circumferential threads with elastic longitudinal threads but not very strong, and a second ply integrating the longitudinal threads with elastic peripheral threads but not very resistant. This eliminates the risk of wear of peripheral son and longitudinal son at their point of intersection.
Une variante de réalisation de l'invention va maintenant être détaillée en référence à la
Le manchon de la
La
La boule 63 peut présenter toutes sortes de forme, en fonction de l'écartement entre les deux bagues 21, 61 la délimitant. Par exemple, l'enveloppe 17 et la gaine tubulaire 19 ont des formes toriques. Alternativement, l'enveloppe 17 et la gaine tubulaire 19 peuvent présenter, considérées en section radiale, une forme de demi-ellipse, ou encore une forme avec un tronçon central cylindrique et deux tronçons d'extrémités en arc de cercle.The
Un tel manchon permet d'obtenir une excellente étanchéité quand il est utilisé comme packer en diagraphie ou en exploitation du sous sol.Such a sleeve makes it possible to obtain an excellent seal when it is used as a logging packer or when operating the subsoil.
Dans un exemple de réalisation illustré sur la
On peut ainsi conférer une forme en fuseau au tronçon d'extrémité du manchon 13, les boules 63 étant de diamètre croissant à partir de la bague d'extrémité 21.It is thus possible to give a spindle shape to the end section of the
La
Celui-ci peut être utilisé dans un puits 75 traversant un terrain constitué de couches ayant des duretés différentes les unes des autres. Dans l'exemple représenté, le puits 75 traverse successivement deux couches 77 et 79, superposées l'une à l'autre. La couche 77 est relativement plus molle et déformable. La couche 79 est relativement plus dure et moins déformable. Le manchon 13 est disposé dans le puits 75, au niveau de l'interface entre les couches 77 et 79. Plus précisément, la première extrémité longitudinale de la gaine tubulaire 19 est placée au droit de la couche 77, et la seconde extrémité longitudinale 25 est placée au droit de la seconde couche 79. Quand l'enveloppe 17 est gonflée, la gaine tubulaire 19 est plaquée contre la paroi périphérique 80 du puits, et exerce une pression sur celle-ci.This may be used in a well 75 traversing a terrain consisting of layers having different hardnesses from each other. In the example shown, the well 75 passes successively through two
La couche 77 étant plus molle que la couche 79, le puits 75 présente au droit de la couche 77 un diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre du même puits au droit de la couche 79. La paroi 80 du puits forme donc un épaulement 83 à l'interface entre les couches 77 et 79. Le manchon 13 épouse, au niveau de la partie centrale de la gaine 19, la forme de l'épaulement 83.Since the
Le manchon de l'invention est particulièrement bien adapté pour épouser la forme de l'épaulement 83, du fait que la gaine tubulaire peut adopter des formes avec un diamètre qui varie très rapidement, à ses extrémités mais également dans sa partie centrale.The sleeve of the invention is particularly well adapted to conform to the shape of the
Les manchons de l'état de la technique ne présentent pas la même particularité, et présentent le défaut d'éclater quand ils sont disposés à l'interface entre deux couches de duretés différentes, comme illustré sur la
Le manchon gonflable peut également être utilisé pour réaliser des objets gonflables remplis d'un gaz ou d'un liquide et dont la forme limite, à plein gonflement, est similaire à celle du manchon décrit ci-dessus.The inflatable sleeve may also be used to produce inflatable objects filled with a gas or a liquid and whose limiting shape, with full swelling, is similar to that of the sleeve described above.
Claims (12)
- An inflatable sleeve, the sleeve (13) comprising:- a mandrel (15) extending in a longitudinal direction;- an inflatable casing (17) placed around the mandrel (15);- a tubular sheath (19) slid around the casing (17), the tubular sheath (19) having a central segment (27) and first and second longitudinal ends (23, 25) situated on either side of the central segment (27), the first and/or second ends (23, 25) of the tubular sheath (19) being fixed to the mandrel (15), the tubular sheath (19) being extensible from a rest state to an expanded state, the tubular sheath (19) having a predetermined circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the tubular sheath (19)characterized in that the first and/or second ends (23, 25) of the tubular sheath (19) have a longitudinal elongation capacity from the rest state of the tubular sheath (19) comprised between 1.05 and 2.5, chosen to limit the diametric expansion of the first and/or second ends (23, 25) of the tubular sheath and give the first and/or second ends their shape (23, 25).
- The sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that the central segment (27) of the tubular sheath (19) has said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity, and the first and/or second ends (23, 25) of the tubular sheath (19) have a circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the tubular sheath (19) close to said predetermined circumferential elongation capacity of the central segment (27).
- The sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the central segment (27) and the first and second ends (23, 25) of the tubular sheath (19) have substantially equal respective circumferential elongation capacities from the rest state of the tubular sheath (19).
- The sleeve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular sheath (19) comprises longitudinal yarns (31) and at least one circumferential yarn (33),- the circumferential yarn (33) having a predetermined ultimate strength from the rest state of the tubular sheath (19); and- the longitudinal yarns (31) having an ultimate strength from the rest state of the tubular sheath (19) comprised between 1.05 and 2.5 to limit the diametric expansion of the first end (23) of the tubular sheath (19) and give it its shape.
- The sleeve according to claim 4, characterized in that the circumferential yarn (33) is interlaced with the longitudinal yarns (31).
- The sleeve according to claim 4, characterized in that the circumferential yarn (33) belongs to a first ply, the longitudinal yarns (31) belonging to a second ply separate from the first ply.
- The sleeve according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that each circumferential (33) and/or longitudinal yarn (31) is substantially inextensible, at least one segment of the circumferential and/or longitudinal yarn (33, 31) adopting a folded configuration in the rest state of the tubular sheath (9) and a stretched configuration in the expanded state of the tubular sheath (19).
- The sleeve according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that each longitudinal yarn (31) has a maximum elongation rate from the rest state of the sheath (19) substantially equal to π/2.
- The sleeve according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that each circumferential (33) and/or longitudinal (31) yarn is inextensible once the maximum elongation rate is reached.
- The sleeve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular sheath (19) is fixed to the mandrel (15) by a plurality of circumferences distributed longitudinally between the first and second longitudinal ends (23, 25).
- The sleeve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circumferential elongation capacity from the rest state of the tubular sheath (19) is substantially constant along the entire tubular sheath (19).
- A use of the least one sleeve (13) according to any one of the preceding claims for closing off a borehole (75) successively crossing through first and second layers of terrain (77, 79) superimposed on one another, the first layer (77) being relatively softer and more deformable, and the second layer (79) being relatively harder and less deformable, the sleeve (13) being positioned at an interface between the first and second layers (77, 79).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1358077A FR3009841B1 (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2013-08-20 | INFLATABLE SLEEVE WITH CONTROLLED EXPANSION |
PCT/EP2014/067767 WO2015024980A1 (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2014-08-20 | Inflatable sleeve with controlled expansion |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3036396A1 EP3036396A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
EP3036396B1 true EP3036396B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
Family
ID=49713212
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14752894.7A Active EP3036396B1 (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2014-08-20 | Inflatable sleeve with controlled expansion |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10443341B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3036396B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3009841B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015024980A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3009841B1 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-09-18 | Calyf | INFLATABLE SLEEVE WITH CONTROLLED EXPANSION |
FR3100326B1 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2021-12-31 | Calyf | Device for measuring the perimeter of a deformable object, use of the device for plethysmography by inductance or on an inflatable shutter, devices for measuring by pressurizing the subsoil and by compressing a sample of soil or rock |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2922478A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1960-01-26 | Halliburton Oil Well Cementing | Well packer |
US4349204A (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1982-09-14 | Lynes, Inc. | Non-extruding inflatable packer assembly |
US4768590A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-09-06 | Tam International, Inc. | Inflatable well packer |
US5101908A (en) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-04-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Inflatable packing device and method of sealing |
GB9117683D0 (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1991-10-02 | Head Philip F | Well packer |
US5340626A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1994-08-23 | Head Philip F | Well packer |
FR2704898B1 (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1995-08-04 | Drillflex | TUBULAR STRUCTURE OF PREFORM OR MATRIX FOR TUBING A WELL. |
FR2706575B1 (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1995-09-01 | Hutchinson | Expandable high pressure hose device. |
GB2370851B (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2003-10-01 | Baker Hughes Inc | Extrusion resistant inflatable tool |
WO2004070163A1 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Composite inflatable downhole packer or bridge plug |
US7331581B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2008-02-19 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Inflatable packers |
US8894069B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2014-11-25 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Inflatable packers |
FR2893973B1 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-02-15 | Saltel Ind Soc Par Actions Sim | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CEMENTING A WELL OR PIPING |
FR2910047B1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2015-02-20 | Francis Cour | INFLATABLE SLEEVE WITH CONTROLLED DEFORMATION, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, AND APPLICATION TO PRESSIOMETRY |
US9551201B2 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2017-01-24 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Apparatus and method of zonal isolation |
US8297368B2 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2012-10-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Systems and methods for initiating annular obstruction in a subsurface well |
FR3009841B1 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-09-18 | Calyf | INFLATABLE SLEEVE WITH CONTROLLED EXPANSION |
-
2013
- 2013-08-20 FR FR1358077A patent/FR3009841B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-08-20 US US14/913,643 patent/US10443341B2/en active Active
- 2014-08-20 WO PCT/EP2014/067767 patent/WO2015024980A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-08-20 EP EP14752894.7A patent/EP3036396B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3009841B1 (en) | 2015-09-18 |
US10443341B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
FR3009841A1 (en) | 2015-02-27 |
WO2015024980A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
US20160208572A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
EP3036396A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
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