EP2839083B9 - Pile shoe - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a Rammspitze for a substantially tubular, in particular hollow cylindrical, driven pile with a pile core through which concrete can be introduced into the pile, the ram tip is attachable to a pile end of the pile, wherein on an inner wall of the Rammspitze at least a first bearing web a first bearing surface is arranged for an end face of the pile end.

Such Rammspitzen, as basically from the GB 770 612 A known, are used in the construction industry for the production of pile foundations. The individual piles, which are usually made of ductile cast iron and have predetermined lengths of, for example, five meters, are plugged into each other to produce a pile foundation. In order to facilitate the nesting of piles and thus the extension of a pile foundation, the piles usually have a conically tapered first pile end and a second pile end formed into a sleeve. As a result, pile by pile can be driven into the ground, which can be produced quickly and inexpensively pile foundations of any length. Piles of this type are usually produced in a centrifugal casting process with a shaping rotating mold. This results in substantially cylindrical tubular piles, which are hollow inside. Depending on the type of use, these hollow cylindrical ramming piles can be filled or encased with concrete or another suitable grout after being grounded to produce a stable foundation.

To produce a so-called mantle-pressed pile foundation, a ram tip is slipped onto the first driven pile, whose outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the driven pile. As a result, an annular space can be generated during ramming, which can be filled up by a compression with the injection material or concrete. For this purpose, during pumping, a pumpable concrete mortar, which usually has a grain size of up to 4 mm, is conveyed through the hollow pile core of the driven pile to the pile base and pressed into the ground at the ramming point. Thus, the concrete grouting takes place simultaneously with the pile pile and is completed upon reaching the final depth of the pile foundation. By Mantelverpressung a considerable increase in the working load of a pile foundation is possible, especially in gravel and sands, because in large-grained soils between the compression jacket and ground a much higher skin friction prevails as between the pile tube of a non-pressed pile and the ground.

So that the concrete mortar introduced into the pile core of a pile pile can exit the pile pile and form a grouting jacket around the pile pile, it is known in the prior art to cut out corresponding openings from the pile pile. However, this leads to a weakening of the pipe cross-section and thus to static instabilities of a pile foundation.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved Rammspitze can be made with the pile foundations while avoiding the disadvantages described above.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

According to the invention it is thus provided that the ram point can be plugged onto a pile end of the pile pile. As a result, concrete mortar or another suitable injection material can be introduced into the annular space between the outer diameter of the ramming tip and the outer diameter of the driven pile during ramming, without corresponding cuts or openings having to be made in the jacket of the driven pile. In other words, the Rammpfahl need not be manipulated when using a Rammspitze according to the invention, whereby no unwanted weakening of the pipe cross-section of the driven pile takes place.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ram point at least partially, preferably completely, made of cast iron and has a substantially rotationally symmetrical outer shape, wherein the axis of rotation extends substantially in Einrammrichtung. If an outer diameter of the ram tip in the driving direction substantially continuously reduced, a pile foundation with the use of a proposed Rammspitze can be particularly easily rammed. Of course, however, it can also be provided that the outside diameter of the ram tip is essentially constant along its extension in the direction of insertion.

Since mostly hollow cylindrical piles are used, it is provided in an advantageous development of the invention that the at least one first support web is formed in cross-section to the Einrammrichtung as a circular segment or annulus segment. It is advantageous if a circular arc of the circular segment or annulus segment extends over less than 340 °, preferably over 40 ° to 120 °, more preferably over 70 ° to 90 °.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that a plurality of concrete outlet channels, preferably three concrete outlet channels, is or are provided. Preferably, in each case two concrete outlet channels of the plurality of concrete outlet channels are arranged in cross section to the Einrammrichtung along the inner wall of the Rammspitze substantially equidistant to each other. Of course, the concrete outlet channels can also be arranged along the inner wall of the Rammspitze that they have irregular distances from one another.

For centering and / or positionally stable fixing of the driven pile, at least one radially inwardly projecting supporting device may be provided on the inner wall. In this case, preferably, the at least one radially inwardly projecting support device may be formed as a plurality of support ribs.

In order to provide a universally applicable Rammspitze for a plurality of piles with different outer diameters, can be provided in a preferred embodiment that at the Rammspitze at least a second support web is arranged with a second bearing surface for an end face of a pile end, in Einrammrichtung the distance of the second bearing surface from the edge of the ram tip is greater than the distance of the first bearing surface from the edge of the ram tip. But it is also possible that the first and second bearing surfaces lie in the same plane. In general, the first and second bearing surfaces can preferably lie in a plane parallel to a cross-sectional plane transversely to the direction of insertion E.

Particularly advantageous is that embodiment of the invention in which the ram tip is made in one piece. It is of course also possible that the Rammspitze is designed in several parts.

Fig. 1a

einen Längsschnitt einer vorgeschlagenen Rammspitze entlang der Einrammrichtung,

Fig. 1b

einen Querschnitt gemäß Schnittlinie A-A der Rammspitze aus Fig. 1a,

Fig. 2a

einen Längsschnitt einer weiteren vorgeschlagenen Rammspitze mit zwei unterschiedlichen Auflageflächen für zwei Rammpfähle mit unterschiedlichen Außendurchmessern und

Fig. 2b

einen Querschnitt gemäß Schnittlinie A-A der Rammspitze aus Fig. 2a.

Further details and advantages of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of the figures. It shows or show

Fig. 1a

a longitudinal section of a proposed Rammspitze along the Einrammrichtung,

Fig. 1b

a cross section according to section line AA of Rammspitze Fig. 1a .

Fig. 2a

a longitudinal section of another proposed Rammspitze with two different bearing surfaces for two piles with different outer diameters and

Fig. 2b

a cross section according to section line AA of Rammspitze Fig. 2a ,

Fig. 1 a shows a longitudinal section of a proposed Rammspitze 1 along a Einrammrichtung E and Fig. 1b shows a cross section along section line AA. The Rammspitze 1 is made in one piece in this example and is made of ductile cast iron. The outer shape of the Rammspitze 1 is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis R formed. At an upper edge 11, the Rammspitze 1 has an outer diameter D which is greater than an outer diameter D _{P of} a pinned Rammpfahls 2. In Einrammrichtung E, the outer diameter D of Rammspitze 1 decreases in the direction of its end truncated cone, whereby the ramming of a pile foundation with plugged Rammspitze 1 is facilitated.

From the inner wall 5 of the Rammspitze 1 are opposite the Einrammrichtung E from a plurality of first support webs 6, each having a first bearing surface 7. The first bearing surfaces 7 of the first support webs 6 lie in one plane and form a defined stop for the end face 8 of a pile end 4 of a pinned Rammpfahls 2. By this defined stop the driven pile 2 in Einrammrichtung E so far attached to the Rammspitze 1 be until the end face 8 of the pile pile 2 rests against the first bearing surfaces 7 of the first support webs 6. The maximum insertion depth of the driven pile 2 in Einrammrichtung E results from the distance T from the upper edge 11 of the Rammspitze 1 to the plane of the first bearing surfaces. 7

Starting from the plane of the first bearing surfaces 7, a cavity 9 is formed in the Rammspitze 1, which extends in Einrammrichtung E. Between the cavity 9 and the upper edge 11 of the Rammspitze 1 three concrete outlet channels 10 are formed in this example. This makes it possible that in the production of a pile foundation concrete mortar, which is introduced through the pile core 3 of the driven pile 2 and penetrates via the end face 8 in the cavity 9, passes through the concrete outlet channels 10 to the outer wall of the driven pile 2 and thus the production of a Mantelverpressung allows.

Fig. 1b shows the Rammspitze 1 the Fig. 1 a in a cross-sectional view along section line AA of Fig. 1 a. In this illustration, it can clearly be seen that the stop arranged at a distance T from the upper edge 11 of the ramming tip 1 in the direction of insertion E for the end face 8 of the driven pile 2 is formed by a total of three first bearing surfaces 7. Each of the three first support webs 6 is formed in cross section to the Einrammrichtung E as a circular ring segment. The circular arc 12 of each circular segment extends in each case over a diaper area of 80 ° and the three circular arcs 12 are arranged distributed uniformly along an imaginary circle.

Between each two first support webs 6, a concrete outlet channel 10 is arranged. In each case, two concrete outlet channels 10 along the inner wall 5 of the Rammspitze 1 are arranged substantially at equal distances from each other. Along the inner wall 5, each concrete outlet channel 10 extends over a Angular range of 40 °. For centering and / or position-stable fixation of the driven pile 2, a plurality of support ribs are arranged as supporting devices 13 on the 5.

Fig. 2a shows a possible development of a Rammspitze 1 according to Fig. 1 a. In addition to first support webs 6 for a first driven pile 2, this embodiment additionally has second support webs 6 'for a second driven pile 2' with a different outer diameter D _P 'relative to the driven pile 2. Each second support web 6 'has a second bearing surface 7', wherein the sum of the second bearing surfaces 7 'forms a defined stop for the end face 8' of the second driven pile 2 '. In Einrammrichtung E, the distance T 'of the second bearing surfaces 7' from the edge 11 of Rammspitze 1 is greater than the distance T of the first bearing surfaces 7 from the edge 11 of Rammspitze 1. Of course, it would also be possible that both bearing surfaces 7, 7 'in the same Lie flat. In this case, only the width of a bearing surface 7, 7 'in the radial direction would need to be chosen so large that it is suitable for the entire bandwidth of the outer diameter D _P , D _P ' of the driven piles 2, 2 'to be used.

Fig. 2b shows the Rammspitze 1 the Fig. 2a in a cross-sectional view along section line AA. It can be seen that the bearing surfaces 7, 7 'corresponding to the different outer diameter D _P , D _P ' of the driven piles 2, 2 'have a different radial distance from the axis of rotation R of the Rammspitze 1. The structural design of the Rammspitze 1 shown, however, is otherwise similar to the Rammspitze 1 of Fig. 1 b.

Claims (12)

1. A drive point (1) for a substantially tubular, in particular hollow-cylindrical, driven pile (2) having a pile core (3), through which concrete can be introduced into the driven pile (2), wherein the drive point (1) can be fitted on to a pile end (4) of the driven pile (2), wherein at least one first support limb (6) with a first support surface (7) for an end face (8) of the pile end (4) is arranged at an inside wall (5) of the drive point (1), wherein starting from the plane of the first support surface (7) the drive point (1) has a cavity (9) which extends at least partially in the driving-in direction (E) and into which concrete can be introduced through the pile core (3) when the driven pile (2) is fitted on, wherein there is provided at least one concrete outlet passage (10) which connects the cavity (9) to an upper edge (11) of the drive point (1).
2. A drive point as set forth in claim 1 characterised in that the drive point (1) is of a substantially rotationally symmetrical external shape, wherein the axis of rotation (R) extends substantially in the driving-in direction (E).
3. A drive point as set forth in claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the at least one first support limb (6) in the cross-section relative to the driving-in direction (E) is in the form of a segment of a circle or a segment of a circular ring.
4. A drive point as set forth in claim 3 characterised in that a circular arc (12) of the segment of the circle or circular ring extends over less than 340°, preferably over between 40° and 120°, particularly preferably over between 70° and 90°.
5. A drive point as set forth in one of claims 1 through 4 characterised in that there is provided a plurality of concrete outlet passages (10), preferably three concrete outlet passages (10).
6. A drive point as set forth in claim 5 characterised in that two respective concrete outlet passages (10) of the plurality of concrete outlet passages (10) are arranged in the cross-section relative to the driving-in direction (E) along the inside wall (5) of the drive point (1) substantially at equal spacings relative to each other.
7. A drive point as set forth in one of claims 1 through 6 characterised in that provided at the inside wall (5) is at least one radially inwardly projecting supporting device (13) for centering the driven pile (2) and/or for positionally stable fixing thereof.
8. A drive point as set forth in claim 7 characterised in that the at least one radially inwardly projecting supporting device (13) is in the form of a plurality of supporting ribs.
9. A drive point as set forth in one of claims 1 through 8 characterised in that arranged at the inside wall (5) of the drive point (1) is at least one second support limb (6') with a second support surface (7') for an end face (8') of a pile end (4'), wherein the spacing (T') of the second support surface (7') from the edge (11) of the drive point (1) in the driving-in direction (E) is greater than the spacing (T) of the first support surface (7) from the edge (11) of the drive point (1).
10. A drive point as set forth in one of claims 1 through 9 characterised in that an outside diameter (D) of the drive point (1) substantially continuously decreases in the driving-in direction (E).
11. A drive point as set forth in one of claims 1 through 10 characterised in that the drive point (1) is in one piece.
12. A drive point as set forth in one of claims 1 through 11 characterised in that the drive point (1) at least partially and preferably completely comprises cast iron.

Images