EP2202347A1 - Dryer with heat pump and recirculation component and method for its operation - Google Patents
Dryer with heat pump and recirculation component and method for its operation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2202347A1 EP2202347A1 EP09178136A EP09178136A EP2202347A1 EP 2202347 A1 EP2202347 A1 EP 2202347A1 EP 09178136 A EP09178136 A EP 09178136A EP 09178136 A EP09178136 A EP 09178136A EP 2202347 A1 EP2202347 A1 EP 2202347A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dryer
- air
- air duct
- evaporator
- duct
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/206—Heat pump arrangements
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/32—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/34—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers characterised by the purpose or target of the control
- D06F58/36—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
- D06F58/38—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of drying, e.g. to achieve the target humidity
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
- D06F2103/08—Humidity
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/28—Air properties
- D06F2103/32—Temperature
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/28—Air properties
- D06F2103/36—Flow or velocity
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/50—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers related to heat pumps, e.g. pressure or flow rate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/16—Air properties
- D06F2105/20—Temperature
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/16—Air properties
- D06F2105/24—Flow or velocity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/26—Heat pumps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dryer with heat pump and recirculated air and a preferred method for its operation.
- tumble dryers are operated as exhaust air or condensation dryers.
- Condensation dryers whose operation is based on the condensation of moisture vaporized by means of warm process air from the laundry, allow energy recovery from the heated process air, for example by using a heat pump.
- the condensate produced in the condensation dryer is collected and either pumped off or disposed of by manually emptying a collection container.
- Exhaust air dryers with heat recovery are known. This is how the writing describes DE 30 00 865 A1 a clothes dryer with heat recovery.
- the tumble dryer consists of a container receiving and moving the laundry, into which a supply air flow heated by a heating element opens, while the moist hot air is conducted as exhaust air via an outlet.
- a heat exchanger is arranged in front of the heating element, which is flowed through by the moist hot exhaust air from the container.
- a clothes dryer is described with a heat pump circuit, in which a supply air opening is arranged in the process air duct between the condenser and the evaporator, which is closable with a controllable closure device.
- the DE 197 31 826 A1 describes a clothes dryer with a system for heat recovery (eg a heat pump), in which the largely closed Air circulation at two predetermined points through two openings which can exchange circulating air with the room air to keep the drying and condensation temperature at the predetermined values.
- a system for heat recovery eg a heat pump
- the DE 43 06 217 B4 discloses a program-controlled laundry dryer with a laundry drum, in which the process air is conveyed through the laundry drum by means of a blower in a closed process air duct, which has closure devices.
- the tumble dryer also has a set for precipitation of the moisture in the process air from the laundry drum heat pump circuit of evaporator, compressor and condenser.
- the closure devices are arranged so that the guidance of the process air depends on a process phase.
- the DE 103 49 712 A1 describes a method for drying laundry in a tumble dryer with a program control device, a drying chamber and a process air duct in which a blower for conveying the dry air through the drying chamber and a heater are arranged, wherein the process air duct is formed with a fresh air supply and an exhaust air discharge and in the Process air duct means for separating the dry air flow are arranged in an exhaust air portion and a recirculation portion.
- the DE 34 46 468 A1 discloses according to its claim 1, a method for drying laundry in a tumble dryer with a drivable laundry drum, a fan, a arranged in the flow path of the drying air heater and a cooled condenser through which the drying air is passed after exiting the laundry drum, wherein the drying air after Exit from the laundry drum is divided into two partial air streams.
- the one partial air flow is fed to the condenser and the other, bypassing the condenser, is mixed again with the partial air flow leaving the condenser.
- the DE 34 19 743 C2 describes a clothes dryer with a laundry drum, a heating unit provided with a supply air connection and an exhaust air connection, wherein between supply air connection of the heating unit and exhaust air connection different, the mode of operation of the dryer defining additional units are to be arranged switchable.
- a recirculation part is interposed between the supply air connection piece and the exhaust connection piece, in which an air control device is located, whereby the supply and exhaust air ratio of the dryer can be varied.
- an air control device is located, whereby the supply and exhaust air ratio of the dryer can be varied.
- the not pre-published DE 10 2008 035797 A1 describes a clothes treating apparatus having a cabinet with a receiving space that receives laundry; an air supply device that delivers hot air to the receiving space; and a control unit that determines the dryness of the laundry based on the temperature difference measured at two sensors to control the air supply device.
- the sensors may include a first sensor that measures the temperature of air drawn into the receiving space and a second sensor that measures the temperature of air discharged from the receiving space.
- the air supply device may be configured with a heat pump having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve.
- the not pre-published DE 10 2007 042969 A1 describes a dryer with a drying chamber for objects to be dried, a process air duct in which a heater for heating the process air and a blower for guiding the heated process air from a Zu Kunststoffeingang through the drying chamber to an exhaust outlet and at least one heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger is arranged between the drying chamber and the exhaust air outlet. From the process air duct branches off behind the drying chamber from a recirculation duct, through which a part of the process air to the heating is feasible.
- the at least one heat exchanger may be formed by an evaporator and a condenser of a heat pump.
- the CH 690 038 A5 describes a laundry drying cabinet with a drying room and an apparatus part with a heat pump, comprising an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser, and a recirculation fan for circulating the air in the laundry dryer cabinet.
- the tumble dryer cabinet also has a supply air fan for supplying outside air into the tumble dryer cabinet and an exhaust air valve for removing air from the clothes dryer cabinet. Maintaining a specific temperature in the tumble dryer cabinet is considered critical to achieving high efficiency.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a vented dryer with high energy efficiency, which uses a proportion of circulating air and in which the disadvantage of a low condensation efficiency can be overcome.
- the invention thus relates to a dryer with a drying chamber for the objects to be dried, a supply air duct, a process air duct, an exhaust duct, a recirculating air duct, a fan, a heat pump with an evaporator and a condenser and a program control, the dryer a Jerusalemgrasswegsan Aunt to achieve and maintaining a predetermined minimum difference ⁇ T set between an evaporator inlet temperature T 2 and a drier inlet temperature T 1 and a predetermined lower limit T 2 set for the evaporator inlet temperature.
- the predetermined minimum difference ⁇ T set between an evaporator inlet temperature T 2 and a drier inlet temperature T 1 is preferably in the range of 25 to 55 ° C, more preferably in the range of 30 to 50 ° C, and most preferably in the range of 35 to 45 ° C.
- the dryer inlet temperature T 1 is generally in the range of 15 to 35 ° C and preferably in the range of 19 to 25 ° C.
- Preferred evaporator inlet temperatures are therefore for example in the range of 50 to 70 ° C, in particular in the range of 55 to 65 ° C.
- the temperatures T 1 and / or T 2 are generally measured by means of a suitable temperature sensor at the inlet inlet and / or directly in front of the evaporator.
- the temperature values are then generally supplied to a program control, which in preferred embodiments can control the proportion of circulating air and exhaust air.
- a connection point of circulating air duct with supply air duct between the condenser and a supply air is located in the process air path arrangement, a connection point of circulating air duct with supply air duct between the condenser and a supply air.
- the condenser is located between a connection point of circulating air duct with supply air duct and a supply air access. Due to the increase in the temperature of the process air after the mixture of supply air and circulating air and thus an increase in a drum inlet temperature and the evaporator inlet temperature T 2 increases.
- a condenser is used, which is adapted to low flow rates of the process air.
- a particular advantage of this embodiment is that the condenser is protected from leaching.
- Both of the aforementioned embodiments generally result in a reduced volume flow of the process air via the condenser, so that it is less susceptible to contamination.
- the circulating air channel is preferably a first controllable closure device and in the supply air duct preferably a second controllable closure device. Finally, in the exhaust duct is preferably a third controllable closure device. In this way, the proportions of air flowing in these channels can be regulated.
- a controllable closure devices for example, flaps can be used, which can be opened independently or independently depending on different widths.
- a blow-out opening is arranged in the process air path arrangement in the process air duct in front of the drying chamber.
- the blower is generally arranged in the direction of the flowing process air in front of the drying chamber.
- the blow-off opening can preferably be opened and closed to varying degrees via a fourth controllable closure device.
- the process air path arrangements used in the dryer according to the invention are preferably designed such that they achieve a condensation efficiency of at least 70% and in particular of at least 80%.
- the dryer preferably comprises an electric heater, so that process air can be heated both by means of the condenser and by means of the electric heater. Since, as the degree of drying of the articles to be dried in the dryer decreases, the energy required for drying decreases, it is appropriate to regulate the heating accordingly, that is to say, to reduce the drying time. with increasing degree of drying to reduce their heat output. Moreover, in the dryer of the present invention, if the evaporator inlet temperature is too high depending on the temperature, the recirculating air ratio can be reduced.
- the drum inlet temperature may remain within the allowable range.
- the air flow of the exhaust air, the circulating air and / or the supply air be regulated, for example by using a first controllable closure device in the circulating air duct and / or a second controllable closure device in the supply air duct.
- the amount of supply air through the second controllable closure device in the supply air duct can be controlled so that the supply of supply air is stopped and is operated only with circulating air as process air.
- exhaust air, supply air and / or refrigerant are each conducted through the corresponding heat exchangers in a crossflow or countercurrent process.
- the evaporator of the heat pump is generally in contact with the exhaust duct to extract heat from the moist-warm air from the drying chamber, which generally flows into an installation room via the exhaust duct.
- the cooling of the warm, moisture-laden process air essentially takes place in the evaporator of the heat pump, where the heat transferred is used to evaporate a refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle.
- the refrigerant of the heat pump vaporized due to the heating is supplied via a compressor to the condenser of the heat pump, where due to the condensation of the gaseous refrigerant heat is released, which is used to heat the process air or the supply air before entering the drying chamber.
- the blower is preferably arranged in the dryer according to the invention directly after the condenser or directly in front of the condenser.
- a volume ratio between the first partial air flow and the second partial air flow is in the range of 1.5 to 10, and particularly preferably in the range of 3 to 8.
- the first partial air flow is 200 to 300 m 3 / h.
- the second partial air flow is preferably less than 100 m 3 / h.
- the second partial air flow in the exhaust duct is 40 to 80, in particular 50 to 70 m 3 / h.
- an exhaust opening is at least partially opened.
- the blowing out is preferably carried out in a targeted manner by opening the blow-off opening at specific times or when a predefined lower limit for an evaporator inlet temperature is reached.
- the amount of air blown out is preferably adapted to a desired condensation rate.
- the energy loss can be smaller than the recovered sensible energy, so that overall results in a reduced energy consumption of the dryer.
- the dryer according to the invention has the advantage that it can work in an energy-efficient manner with a high condensation efficiency.
- Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a dryer according to a first embodiment, in which a condenser 21 between a junction 27 of the recirculating air duct 14 with supply air duct 15 and a supply air inlet 28 is located.
- the in Fig. 1 shown dryer 1 has a drum rotatable about a horizontal axis as a drying chamber 3, are mounted within which driver 4 for moving laundry during a drum rotation.
- Process air is guided by means of a blower 12 via an electric heater 11 and through a drum 3, in a process air duct 2.
- the process air channel 2 is supplied from a Zu Kunststoffeingang 28 via a supply air duct 15 room air or sucked by the blower 12.
- the process air duct 2 splits into a recirculating air duct 14 and an exhaust air duct 13, so that the moist, warm process air is divided into a recirculating air stream in the recirculating air duct 14 and an exhaust air stream in the exhaust air duct 13.
- the warm, laden with moisture process air from the drum 3 passes in the exhaust duct 13 in the evaporator 22 of a heat pump circuit 19,20,21,22.
- the cooled process air is then supplied via an exhaust air outlet 16 of the room air.
- the resulting in the evaporator 22 condensate is collected in a condensate pan 17, from where it can be disposed of by emptying or pumping.
- the vaporized in the evaporator 22 refrigerant of the heat pump is passed through a compressor 19 to the condenser 21.
- the refrigerant liquefies with heat to the coming into the supply air duct 15 from the supply air inlet 28 process air.
- the refrigerant which is now in liquid form, is in turn conducted via a throttle valve 20 to the evaporator 22, whereby the refrigerant circuit is closed.
- a portion of the exiting from the drying chamber 3 warm, laden with moisture process air is diverted into a recirculating air duct 14 and passed through the heater 11 in turn into the drying chamber 3.
- the dryer 1 In the dryer 1 is heated by the heater 11 from the rear air, ie from a door 5 opposite side of the drum 3, passed through the perforated bottom in the drum 3, comes there with the laundry to be dried in contact and flows through the filling of the Drum 3 to a lint filter 6 within a closing the filling opening door 5. Subsequently, the process air flow in the door 5 is deflected downwards.
- the air supplied to the dryer 1 as supply air via the supply air duct 15 is additionally heated by the condenser 21 and then before entering the drying chamber 3 by means of the heater 11.
- the branched process air from the recirculating air duct 14 and the supply air preheated in the condenser 21 combine in front of the electric heater 11.
- the circulating air flow can be regulated by a first controllable closing device 23 and the supply air flow by a second controllable closing device 18.
- the exhaust air flow can be regulated by a third controllable closure device 26.
- flaps can be used, which can be opened independently or independently depending on different widths.
- the drum 3 is at the in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown embodiments at the rear bottom by means of a pivot bearing and front mounted by means of a bearing plate 7, the drum 3 rests with a brim on a sliding strip 8 on the bearing plate 7 and is held at the front end.
- the control of the condensation dryer via a control device 10, which can be controlled by the user via an operating unit 9.
- Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through a dryer according to a second embodiment, in which a condenser 21 between a junction 27 of the recirculating air duct 14 with supply air duct 15 and a supply air inlet 28 is located.
- the blower 12 is here arranged directly in front of the drum 3. From the process air channel 2 branches off between the connection point 27 and the heater 11 from a blowout 24, which can be opened and closed by means of a fourth controllable closure device 25.
- Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through a dryer according to a third embodiment, in which a junction 27 of the recirculating air duct 14 with supply air duct 15 between a condenser 21 and a supply air access 28 is located.
- the third embodiment differs from the second embodiment only in the location of the condenser 21.
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- Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Trockner mit Wärmepumpe und Umluftanteil sowie ein bevorzugtes Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb.The invention relates to a dryer with heat pump and recirculated air and a preferred method for its operation.
Im Allgemeinen werden Wäschetrockner als Abluft- oder Kondensationstrockner betrieben. Kondensationstrockner, deren Funktionsweise auf der Kondensation der mittels warmer Prozessluft verdampften Feuchtigkeit aus der Wäsche beruht, ermöglichen eine Energierückgewinnung aus der erwärmten Prozessluft, beispielsweise durch Verwendung einer Wärmepumpe. Das im Kondensationstrockner anfallende Kondensat wird gesammelt und entweder abgepumpt oder durch manuelles Entleeren eines Auffangbehälters entsorgt.In general, tumble dryers are operated as exhaust air or condensation dryers. Condensation dryers whose operation is based on the condensation of moisture vaporized by means of warm process air from the laundry, allow energy recovery from the heated process air, for example by using a heat pump. The condensate produced in the condensation dryer is collected and either pumped off or disposed of by manually emptying a collection container.
Bei Ablufttrocknern wird dagegen im Allgemeinen die nach dem Durchgang durch eine Wäschetrommel mit Feuchtigkeit beladene Luft aus dem Trockner geleitet. Eine Wärmerückgewinnung findet hierbei häufig nicht statt.In the case of exhaust air dryers, on the other hand, air laden with moisture after passage through a laundry drum is generally discharged from the dryer. Heat recovery often does not take place here.
Ablufttrockner mit Wärmerückgewinnung sind jedoch bekannt. So beschreibt die Schrift
In der
Die
Die
Bei einem Ablufttrockner mit einer Wärmepumpe wird der Abluft durch den Verdampfer der Wärmepumpe Wärme entzogen, die über den Verflüssiger wieder der Zuluft zugeführt wird. Da der Ablufttrockner ein offenes System ist, wird im Gegensatz zu einem Kondensationstrockner mit einem geschlossenen Prozessluftkreis neben der latenten Wärme auch sensible Wärme zurückgewonnen. Dadurch kann ein Ablufttrockner mit Wärmerückgewinnung trotz eines Kondensationswirkungsgrades von beispielsweise kleiner als 50 % einen geringeren Energieverbrauch haben als ein Kondensationstrockner. Abhängig vom Wirkungsgrad der Wärmepumpe wird Wärme aus der Umgebung der Wärmepumpe eingekoppelt. Für einen effizienteren Betrieb wäre dennoch ein höherer Kondensationswirkungsgrad wünschenswert.In the case of an exhaust air dryer with a heat pump, heat is withdrawn from the exhaust air through the evaporator of the heat pump, which is returned to the supply air via the condenser. Since the exhaust air dryer is an open system, in contrast to a condensation dryer with a closed process air circuit, not only the latent heat but also sensible heat is recovered. As a result, an exhaust air dryer with heat recovery, despite a condensation efficiency of, for example, less than 50% lower energy consumption than a condensation dryer. Depending on the efficiency of the heat pump, heat from the environment of the heat pump is injected. Nevertheless, for more efficient operation, higher condensation efficiency would be desirable.
Es ist außerdem bekannt, dass die Energieeffizienz eines Ablufttrockners durch ein Umluftsystem verbessert werden kann. Hierbei wird die mit Feuchtigkeit aus der Wäsche in der Trocknungskammer beladene Prozessluft teilweise wieder über die Heizung dem Trocknungsprozess zugeführt.It is also known that the energy efficiency of an exhaust air dryer can be improved by a recirculation system. In this case, the process air laden with moisture from the laundry in the drying chamber is partially returned to the drying process via the heater.
Die
Die
Die
Die nicht vorveröffentlichte
Die nicht vorveröffentlichte
Die
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Ablufttrockner mit hoher Energieeffizienz bereitzustellen, der einen Anteil an Umluft benutzt und bei dem der Nachteil eines zu geringen Kondensationswirkungsgrades überwunden werden kann. Außerdem ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb bereitzustellen.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a vented dryer with high energy efficiency, which uses a proportion of circulating air and in which the disadvantage of a low condensation efficiency can be overcome. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for its operation.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird nach dieser Erfindung erreicht durch einen Trockner mit den Merkmalen des entsprechenden unabhängigen Patentanspruchs sowie das Verfahren des entsprechenden unabhängigen Patentanspruchs. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners sind in entsprechenden abhängigen Patentansprüchen aufgeführt. Bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners entsprechen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und umgekehrt, auch wenn dies hierin nicht explizit festgestellt wird.The solution of this object is achieved according to this invention by a dryer with the features of the corresponding independent claim and the method of the corresponding independent claim. Preferred embodiments of the dryer according to the invention are listed in corresponding dependent claims. Preferred embodiments of the dryer according to the invention correspond to preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention and vice versa, although this is not explicitly stated herein.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein Trockner mit einer Trocknungskammer für die zu trocknenden Gegenstände, einem Zuluftkanal, einem Prozessluftkanal, einem Abluftkanal, einem Umluftkanal, einem Gebläse, einer Wärmepumpe mit einem Verdampfer und einem Verflüssiger sowie einer Programmsteuerung, wobei der Trockner eine Prozessluftwegsanordnung zur Erzielung und Einhaltung einer vorgegebenen minimalen Differenz ΔTset zwischen einer Verdampfereintrittstemperatur T2 und einer Trocknereintrittstemperatur T1 sowie einer vorgegebenen unteren Grenze T2 set für die Verdampfereintrittstemperatur umfasst.The invention thus relates to a dryer with a drying chamber for the objects to be dried, a supply air duct, a process air duct, an exhaust duct, a recirculating air duct, a fan, a heat pump with an evaporator and a condenser and a program control, the dryer a Prozessluftwegsanordnung to achieve and maintaining a predetermined minimum difference ΔT set between an evaporator inlet temperature T 2 and a drier inlet temperature T 1 and a predetermined lower limit T 2 set for the evaporator inlet temperature.
Die vorgegebene minimale Differenz ΔTset zwischen einer Verdampfereintrittstemperatur T2 und einer Trocknereintrittstemperatur T1 liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 25 bis 55°C, mehr bevorzugt im Bereich von 30 bis 50°C und ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 35 bis 45°C.The predetermined minimum difference ΔT set between an evaporator inlet temperature T 2 and a drier inlet temperature T 1 is preferably in the range of 25 to 55 ° C, more preferably in the range of 30 to 50 ° C, and most preferably in the range of 35 to 45 ° C.
Die Trocknereintrittstemperatur T1 befindet sich im Allgemeinen im Bereich von 15 bis 35°C und bevorzugt im Bereich von 19 bis 25°C.The dryer inlet temperature T 1 is generally in the range of 15 to 35 ° C and preferably in the range of 19 to 25 ° C.
Bevorzugte Verdampfereintrittstemperaturen liegen daher beispielsweise im Bereich von 50 bis 70°C, insbesondere im Bereich von 55 bis 65°C.Preferred evaporator inlet temperatures are therefore for example in the range of 50 to 70 ° C, in particular in the range of 55 to 65 ° C.
Die Temperaturen T1 und/oder T2 werden im Allgemeinen mittels eines geeigneten Temperatursensors am Zulufteingang und/oder direkt vor dem Verdampfer gemessen. Die Temperaturwerte werden dann im Allgemeinen einer Programmsteuerung zugeführt, welche in bevorzugten Ausführungsformen den Anteil von Umluft und Abluft steuern kann.The temperatures T 1 and / or T 2 are generally measured by means of a suitable temperature sensor at the inlet inlet and / or directly in front of the evaporator. The temperature values are then generally supplied to a program control, which in preferred embodiments can control the proportion of circulating air and exhaust air.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung des Trockners befindet sich bei der Prozessluftwegsanordnung eine Verbindungsstelle von Umluftkanal mit Zuluftkanal zwischen dem Verflüssiger und einem Zuluftzugang. Dadurch wird überraschenderweise eine Erhöhung des Volumenstroms der Prozessluft sowie des Wirkungsgrads des Verflüssigers erreicht, wobei trotzdem die Eintrittstemperatur der Prozessluft in den Verdampfer erhöht wird. Der mit der höheren Verdampfereintrittstemperatur T2 verbundene höhere Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Prozessluft kann dazu führen, dass der Kondensationswirkungsgrad auf über 80 % ansteigt. Der Anteil der sensiblen Wärme der Prozessluft verringert sich zwar, trägt aber noch genügend zur Verbesserung des Energieverbrauchs des Trockners bei.In a preferred embodiment of the dryer is located in the process air path arrangement, a connection point of circulating air duct with supply air duct between the condenser and a supply air. As a result, an increase in the volume flow of the process air and the efficiency of the condenser is surprisingly achieved, while still the inlet temperature of the process air is increased in the evaporator. The higher moisture content of the process air associated with the higher evaporator inlet temperature T 2 may cause the condensation efficiency to increase above 80%. The proportion of sensible heat of the process air is reduced Although, but still contributes enough to improve the energy consumption of the dryer.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform befindet sich bei der Prozessluftwegsanordnung der Verflüssiger zwischen einer Verbindungsstelle von Umluftkanal mit Zuluftkanal und einem Zuluftzugang. Aufgrund der Steigerung der Temperatur der Prozessluft nach der Mischung von Zuluft und Umluft und damit einer Steigerung einer Trommeleintrittstemperatur nimmt auch die Verdampfereintrittstemperatur T2 zu.In a further preferred embodiment, in the case of the process air path arrangement, the condenser is located between a connection point of circulating air duct with supply air duct and a supply air access. Due to the increase in the temperature of the process air after the mixture of supply air and circulating air and thus an increase in a drum inlet temperature and the evaporator inlet temperature T 2 increases.
Im Allgemeinen wird bei dieser Ausführungsform ein Verflüssiger verwendet, der an geringe Volumenströme der Prozessluft angepasst ist. Ein besonderer Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform ist, dass der Verflüssiger vor einer Verflusung geschützt wird.In general, in this embodiment, a condenser is used, which is adapted to low flow rates of the process air. A particular advantage of this embodiment is that the condenser is protected from leaching.
Beide vorgenannte Ausführungsformen führen im Allgemeinen zu einem verringerten Volumenstrom der Prozessluft über den Verflüssiger, so dass dieser weniger zur Verschmutzung neigt.Both of the aforementioned embodiments generally result in a reduced volume flow of the process air via the condenser, so that it is less susceptible to contamination.
Im Umluftkanal befindet sich vorzugsweise eine erste regelbare Verschlussvorrichtung und im Zuluftkanal vorzugsweise eine zweite regelbare Verschlussvorrichtung. Schließlich befindet sich im Abluftkanal vorzugsweise eine dritte regelbare Verschlussvorrichtung. Auf diese Weise können die Anteile an in diesen Kanälen fließender Luft geregelt werden. Als regelbare Verschlussvorrichtungen können beispielsweise Klappen verwendet werden, die unabhängig oder abhängig voneinander verschieden weit geöffnet werden können.In the circulating air channel is preferably a first controllable closure device and in the supply air duct preferably a second controllable closure device. Finally, in the exhaust duct is preferably a third controllable closure device. In this way, the proportions of air flowing in these channels can be regulated. As a controllable closure devices, for example, flaps can be used, which can be opened independently or independently depending on different widths.
Vorzugsweise ist bei der Prozessluftwegsanordnung im Prozessluftkanal vor der Trocknungskammer eine Ausblasöffnung angeordnet. Hierbei ist das Gebläse im Allgemeinen in Richtung der fließenden Prozessluft vor der Trocknungskammer angeordnet. Die Ausblasöffnung kann vorzugsweise über eine vierte regelbare Verschlusseinrichtung in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß geöffnet und geschlossen werden.Preferably, in the process air path arrangement in the process air duct in front of the drying chamber, a blow-out opening is arranged. In this case, the blower is generally arranged in the direction of the flowing process air in front of the drying chamber. The blow-off opening can preferably be opened and closed to varying degrees via a fourth controllable closure device.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Trockner eingesetzten Prozessluftwegsanordnungen sind vorzugsweise so ausgestaltet, dass sie einen Kondensationswirkungsgrad von mindestens 70 % und insbesondere von mindestens 80 % bewerkstelligen.The process air path arrangements used in the dryer according to the invention are preferably designed such that they achieve a condensation efficiency of at least 70% and in particular of at least 80%.
Der Trockner umfasst vorzugsweise eine elektrische Heizung, so dass Prozessluft sowohl mittels des Verflüssigers als auch mittels der elektrischen Heizung erwärmt werden kann. Da mit fortschreitendem Trocknungsgrad der im Trockner zu trocknenden Gegenstände die notwendige Energie für das Trocknen abnimmt, ist es zweckmäßig, die Heizung entsprechend zu regeln, d.h. mit fortschreitendem Trocknungsgrad deren Heizleistung zu vermindern. Beim Trockner der vorliegenden Erfindung kann darüber hinaus bei Vorliegen einer zu hohen Verdampfereintrittstemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur der Umluftanteil verringert werden.The dryer preferably comprises an electric heater, so that process air can be heated both by means of the condenser and by means of the electric heater. Since, as the degree of drying of the articles to be dried in the dryer decreases, the energy required for drying decreases, it is appropriate to regulate the heating accordingly, that is to say, to reduce the drying time. with increasing degree of drying to reduce their heat output. Moreover, in the dryer of the present invention, if the evaporator inlet temperature is too high depending on the temperature, the recirculating air ratio can be reduced.
Durch die Verwendung eines Umluftkanals bzw. die Durchleitung der heißen, mit Feuchtigkeit beladenen Umluft durch den Umluftkanal zur Heizung wird im Allgemeinen die Lufttemperatur vor der Heizung angehoben. Aufgrund des vergrößerten Luftstroms über die Heizung kann jedoch die Trommeleintrittstemperatur im zulässigen Bereich bleiben. Zur Erzielung und Erhaltung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung einer gewünschten Differenz ΔTset zwischen der Verdampfereintrittstemperatur T2 und der Trocknereintrittstemperatur T1, wobei die Verdampfereintrittstemperatur eine vorgegebene untere Grenze T2 set nicht unterschreitet, kann der Luftstrom der Abluft, der Umluft und/oder der Zuluft geregelt werden, beispielsweise durch Verwendung einer ersten regelbaren Verschlussvorrichtung im Umluftkanal und/oder einer zweiten regelbaren Verschlussvorrichtung im Zuluftkanal. Zur Beschleunigung der Aufheizung der Prozessluft nach dem Einschalten des Trockners kann die Menge an Zuluft durch die zweite regelbare Verschlussvorrichtung im Zuluftkanal so gesteuert werden, dass die Zufuhr von Zuluft gestoppt wird und nur mit Umluft als Prozessluft gearbeitet wird.By using a circulating air channel or the passage of hot, laden with moisture circulating air through the circulating air channel for heating the air temperature is generally raised before the heater. However, due to the increased airflow through the heater, the drum inlet temperature may remain within the allowable range. To achieve and maintain according to the present invention a desired difference .DELTA.T set between the evaporator inlet temperature T 2 and the dryer inlet temperature T 1 , wherein the evaporator inlet temperature does not fall below a predetermined lower limit T 2 set , the air flow of the exhaust air, the circulating air and / or the supply air be regulated, for example by using a first controllable closure device in the circulating air duct and / or a second controllable closure device in the supply air duct. To accelerate the heating of the process air after switching on the dryer, the amount of supply air through the second controllable closure device in the supply air duct can be controlled so that the supply of supply air is stopped and is operated only with circulating air as process air.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es bevorzugt, wenn Abluft, Zuluft und/oder Kältemittel jeweils in einem Kreuz- bzw. Gegenstromverfahren durch die entsprechenden Wärmetauscher geführt werden.According to the invention, it is preferred if exhaust air, supply air and / or refrigerant are each conducted through the corresponding heat exchangers in a crossflow or countercurrent process.
Der Verdampfer der Wärmepumpe steht im Allgemeinen im Kontakt mit dem Abluftkanal, um der feucht-warmen Luft aus der Trocknungskammer, die über den Abluftkanal im Allgemeinen in einen Aufstellraum fließt, Wärme zu entziehen.The evaporator of the heat pump is generally in contact with the exhaust duct to extract heat from the moist-warm air from the drying chamber, which generally flows into an installation room via the exhaust duct.
Bei einem mit einer Wärmepumpe ausgestatteten Trockner erfolgt die Kühlung der warmen, mit Feuchtigkeit beladenen Prozessluft im Wesentlichen im Verdampfer der Wärmepumpe, wo die übertragene Wärme zur Verdampfung eines im Wärmepumpenkreis eingesetzten Kältemittels verwendet wird. Das aufgrund der Erwärmung verdampfte Kältemittel der Wärmepumpe wird über einen Kompressor dem Verflüssiger der Wärmepumpe zugeführt, wo aufgrund der Kondensation des gasförmigen Kältemittels Wärme freigesetzt wird, die zum Aufheizen der Prozessluft bzw. der Zuluft vor Eintritt in die Trocknungskammer verwendet wird.In a dryer equipped with a heat pump, the cooling of the warm, moisture-laden process air essentially takes place in the evaporator of the heat pump, where the heat transferred is used to evaporate a refrigerant used in the heat pump cycle. The refrigerant of the heat pump vaporized due to the heating is supplied via a compressor to the condenser of the heat pump, where due to the condensation of the gaseous refrigerant heat is released, which is used to heat the process air or the supply air before entering the drying chamber.
Das Gebläse ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Trockner vorzugsweise direkt nach dem Verflüssiger oder direkt vor dem Verflüssiger angeordnet.The blower is preferably arranged in the dryer according to the invention directly after the condenser or directly in front of the condenser.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist außerdem ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Trockners mit einer Trocknungskammer für die zu trocknenden Gegenstände, einem Zuluftkanal, einem Prozessluftkanal, einem Abluftkanal, einem Umluftkanal, einem Gebläse, einer Wärmepumpe mit einem Verdampfer und einem Verflüssiger sowie einer Programmsteuerung, wobei der Trockner eine Prozessluftwegsanordnung zur Erzielung und Einhaltung einer vorgegebenen minimalen Differenz ΔTset zwischen einer Verdampfereintrittstemperatur T2 und einer Trocknereintrittstemperatur T1 sowie einer vorgegebenen unteren Grenze T2 set für die Verdampfereintrittstemperatur umfasst, wobei Prozessluft derart durch den Zuluftkanal, den Verflüssiger und die Trocknungskammer geleitet und in einen ersten Teilluftstrom im Umluftkanal und in einen zweiten Teilluftstrom im Abluftkanal aufgespaltet wird, dass eine minimale Differenz ΔTset = (T2 - T1) zwischen einer Verdampfereintrittstemperatur T2 und einer Trocknereintrittstemperatur T1 erzielt und eingehalten wird und eine vorgegebene untere Grenze T2 set für die Verdampfereintrittstemperatur erzielt und eingehalten wird.The invention also relates to a method for operating a dryer with a drying chamber for the objects to be dried, a supply air duct, a process air duct, an exhaust duct, a recirculating air duct, a fan, a heat pump with an evaporator and a condenser and a program control, wherein the dryer a Prozessluftwegsanordnung for achieving and maintaining a predetermined minimum difference .DELTA.T set between an evaporator inlet temperature T 2 and a dryer inlet temperature T 1 and a predetermined lower limit T 2 set for the evaporator inlet temperature, wherein process air directed through the supply air duct, the condenser and the drying chamber and in a first partial air flow in the circulating air duct and in a second partial air flow is split in the exhaust duct, that a minimum difference .DELTA.T set = (T 2 -T 1 ) between an evaporator inlet temperature T 2 and a Trocknereintrittstempe T 1 achieved and maintained and a predetermined lower limit T 2 set for the evaporator inlet temperature is achieved and maintained.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dieses Verfahrens liegt ein Volumenverhältnis zwischen dem ersten Teilluftstrom und dem zweiten Teilluftstrom im Bereich von 1,5 bis 10, und besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 3 bis 8.In a preferred embodiment of this method, a volume ratio between the first partial air flow and the second partial air flow is in the range of 1.5 to 10, and particularly preferably in the range of 3 to 8.
Überdies ist bevorzugt, dass der erste Teilluftstrom 200 bis 300 m3/h beträgt. Der zweite Teilluftstrom beträgt vorzugsweise weniger als 100 m3/h. Besonders bevorzugt beträgt der zweite Teilluftstrom im Abluftkanal 40 bis 80, insbesondere 50 bis 70 m3/h.Moreover, it is preferred that the first partial air flow is 200 to 300 m 3 / h. The second partial air flow is preferably less than 100 m 3 / h. Particularly preferably, the second partial air flow in the exhaust duct is 40 to 80, in particular 50 to 70 m 3 / h.
Vorzugsweise wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Erzielung der minimalen Differenz ΔTset = (T2 - T1) und einer unteren Grenze T2 set für die Verdampfereintrittstemperatur eine Ausblasöffnung mindestens teilweise geöffnet. Das Ausblasen erfolgt vorzugsweise gezielt, indem die Ausblasöffnung zu bestimmten Zeiten oder bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen unteren Grenze für eine Verdampfereintrittstemperatur geöffnet wird. Durch das Ausblasen kann erreicht werden, dass die Lufttemperatur vor dem Verdampfer nicht zu sehr absinkt. Da diese Führung der Prozessluft vergleichsweise ungünstig ist, wird die ausgeblasene Luftmenge vorzugsweise an eine gewünschte Kondensationsrate angepasst. Der Energieverlust kann aber kleiner als die zurück gewonnene sensible Energie sein, so dass insgesamt ein reduzierter Energieverbrauch des Trockners resultiert.Preferably, in the method according to the invention for achieving the minimum difference ΔT set = (T 2 -T 1 ) and a lower limit T 2 set for the evaporator inlet temperature, an exhaust opening is at least partially opened. The blowing out is preferably carried out in a targeted manner by opening the blow-off opening at specific times or when a predefined lower limit for an evaporator inlet temperature is reached. By blowing out it can be achieved that the air temperature in front of the evaporator does not drop too much. Since this guidance of the process air is comparatively unfavorable, the amount of air blown out is preferably adapted to a desired condensation rate. However, the energy loss can be smaller than the recovered sensible energy, so that overall results in a reduced energy consumption of the dryer.
Der erfindungsgemäße Trockner hat den Vorteil, dass er auf energieeffiziente Weise mit einem hohen Kondensationswirkungsgrad arbeiten kann.The dryer according to the invention has the advantage that it can work in an energy-efficient manner with a high condensation efficiency.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von nicht einschränkenden Ausführungsbeispielen für den erfindungsgemäßen Trockner und ein diesen Trockner einsetzendes Verfahren. Dabei wird Bezug genommen auf die
-
Fig. 1 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch einen Trockner gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform, bei der sich ein Verflüssiger zwischen einer Verbindungsstelle von Umluftkanal mit Zuluftkanal und einem Zuluftzugang befindet; -
Fig. 2 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch einen Trockner gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform, bei der sich ein Verflüssiger zwischen einer Verbindungsstelle von Umluftkanal mit Zuluftkanal und einem Zuluftzugang befindet; und -
Fig. 3 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch einen Trockner gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform, bei der sich eine Verbindungsstelle des Umluftkanals mit dem Zuluftkanal zwischen einem Verflüssiger und einem Zuluftzugang befindet.
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Fig. 1 a vertical section through a dryer according to a first embodiment, in which a condenser is located between a junction of the recirculating air duct with supply air duct and a supply air inlet; -
Fig. 2 a vertical section through a dryer according to a second embodiment, in which a condenser is located between a junction of the recirculating air duct with supply air duct and a supply air inlet; and -
Fig. 3 a vertical section through a dryer according to a third embodiment, in which there is a connection point of the circulating air duct with the supply air duct between a condenser and a supply air.
Der in
Die warme, mit Feuchtigkeit beladene Prozessluft aus der Trommel 3 gelangt im Abluftkanal 13 in den Verdampfer 22 eines Wärmepumpenkreises 19,20,21,22. Die abgekühlte Prozessluft wird dann über einen Abluftausgang 16 der Raumluft zugeführt. Das im Verdampfer 22 anfallende Kondensat wird in einer Kondensatwanne 17 aufgefangen, von wo aus es durch Entleeren oder Abpumpen entsorgt werden kann. Das im Verdampfer 22 verdampfte Kältemittel der Wärmepumpe wird über einen Kompressor 19 zum Verflüssiger 21 geleitet. Im Verflüssiger 21 verflüssigt sich das Kältemittel unter Wärmeabgabe an die im Zuluftkanal 15 vom Zulufteingang 28 kommende Prozessluft. Das nun in flüssiger Form vorliegende Kältemittel wird über ein Drosselventil 20 wiederum zum Verdampfer 22 geleitet, wodurch der Kältemittelkreis geschlossen ist. Ein Teil der aus der Trocknungskammer 3 austretenden warmen, mit Feuchtigkeit beladenen Prozessluft wird in einen Umluftkanal 14 abgezweigt und über die Heizung 11 wiederum in die Trocknungskammer 3 geführt.The warm, laden with moisture process air from the
Im Trockner 1 wird von der Heizung 11 erwärmte Luft von hinten, d.h. von der einer Tür 5 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Trommel 3, durch deren gelochten Boden in die Trommel 3 geleitet, kommt dort mit der zu trocknenden Wäsche in Berührung und strömt durch die Befüllöffnung der Trommel 3 zu einem Flusensieb 6 innerhalb einer die Befüllöffnung verschließenden Tür 5. Anschließend wird der Prozessluftstrom in der Tür 5 nach unten umgelenkt. Die dem Trockner 1 als Zuluft über den Zuluftkanal 15 zugeführte Raumluft wird durch den Verflüssiger 21 und anschließend vor dem Eintritt in die Trocknungskammer 3 noch zusätzlich mittels der Heizung 11 erwärmt.In the dryer 1 is heated by the
Bei der in
Die Trommel 3 wird bei den in den
Bei den in den
Claims (14)
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DE102008055087A DE102008055087A1 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2008-12-22 | Dryer with heat pump and recirculated air and process for its operation |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2550390A2 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2013-01-30 | LG Electronics Inc. | Clothes dryer |
EP2550390A4 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2013-11-20 | Lg Electronics Inc | Clothes dryer |
AU2011290068B2 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2015-02-05 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Clothes dryer |
US9238886B2 (en) | 2010-08-09 | 2016-01-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Clothes dryer |
EP3141655A1 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-15 | Fagor, S. Coop. | Laundry drying machine |
EP4145062A1 (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2023-03-08 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Heat pump system with improved compressor cooling and process for operating the heat pump system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20100154248A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
DE102008055087A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
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