Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
  • E02D27/48—Foundations inserted underneath existing buildings or constructions

Definitions

• JP 8260500 describes an injection process for a "chemical liquid" in a soil layer under the foundations of a structure to cause the soil compaction lifting the structure, including its foundations, to bring this, for example, from an inclined position in a normal position
• DE 3332256 describes a process for the solidification of soils by means of two plastic components which foam strongly as a result of chemical reaction (foaming number from 2 to 5).
• WO 98/24882 proposes that the ground surface, or the level of the structure above the area in which injections of expanding synthetic resins take place, is constantly monitored, that the expansion of the injected mass takes place very rapidly, that the increase in the volume of the expanding mass is at least five times the volume before injection and that the injections are made in different depths.
• the invention has as its object to provide a method and the corresponding device of the type mentioned which is suitable for the consolidation of soils and the stabilization of the foundations of structures or components, the floors and foundations, which the ongoing and unforeseen loads of a building such that the stabilization is also ensured due to physical, chemical and / or geological changes which may occur over time, within the injected synthetic resin composition and / or in the consolidated and / or compacted soil mass.
• the invention proposes that the inclusion of the above-mentioned ongoing and unforeseen loads of a building, except from, by injecting expanding synthetic resins, consolidated and / or compacted soil, in addition to a metallic reinforcement, on the one hand with the said foundation or connected to the structural elements and on the other hand, in a time-efficient manner, carried by the foot ends of the reinforcing bars and by the shear connection along these reinforcing bars takes place.
• the injection of the expanding synthetic resins is not on the usual, rather thin-walled and smooth copper or plastic tubes but by means of known hollow, preferably strong resilient, steel rods, eg of the type "DYWIDAG", but without the use of other, possibly non-metallic,
• the rods are introduced into boreholes which penetrate the foundation, which are preferably provided with drill bits themselves for the purposes of boring, are provided with injection bores along their longitudinal extent, via which bores are provided
• the length of the rods is dimensioned such that they project with their upper end at least slightly beyond the bore provided in the foundation nd at different intervals can be done via known or inventive closure devices, or via calibrated or controlled valves, which are provided on the injection holes of the hollow anchor rods.
• the injection regions in the individual depth positions are limited by sealing collars which seal the annular space between the inner surface of the drill hole and the anchor rod outer surface and prevent a backflow of the injected resin upwards.
• sealing collars which seal the annular space between the inner surface of the drill hole and the anchor rod outer surface and prevent a backflow of the injected resin upwards.
• These cuffs e.g. made of foam rubber, respectively, in the longitudinal extent of the anchor rod, between the injection holes of the respective depth position, fixedly mounted on the anchor rod and lie down elastically on the inner surface of the hole.
• the anchor rod can further be provided with elastic spacers so that as possible a coaxial position of the anchor rod is secured within the wellbore.
• Anchor rod and the inner wall of the corresponding hole in the foundation performed.
• a threaded sleeve or a nut are placed which are dimensioned such that they can take a position within the borehole in the foundation in order by the "pouring" an efficient anchoring
• the invention does not exclude that the connection achieved by "pouring” is additionally secured by known metallic fasteners, or that the anchoring is achieved exclusively via known fasteners, with or without the use of known adhesives.
• the number of hollow anchor rods which are firmly connected to the foundation of the building, are able to absorb the ongoing and random loads, at the foot of the tie rods and shear composite along the same anchor rods, the shear bond due to the solidification and / or compression of the Bodens due to the injection and the foaming of synthetic resins is particularly efficient, but above all, due to any changes that take place over time in the resin, or in the soil, is largely sufficient.
• At least that part of the anchor rod which traverses the cross section of the foundation is provided with an external thread, with annular external grooves or with a different profiling which provides the grip for the materials poured or injected between the anchor rod and the inner wall of the bore in the foundation (specific adhesive resins, injection mortars, liquid mortars);
• this part of the anchor rod may be provided with a cross-section or a shape which is suitable for fixing to support elements which in turn are anchored to the foundation.
• the entire anchor rod is provided with external thread or with an external profiling which is suitable to increase the contact surface with the solidified soil in order to achieve an increased shear bond along the anchor rod, which receives mainly axially acting loads.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view through a bore which in an inclined position the foundation of a building and the penetrates the underlying soil and this is then solidify and compact to achieve a lifting of the foundation.
• Fig. 2 shows the same, shown in Fig. 1, bore into which a hollow anchor rod is inserted which in different depths with
• Injection ports and gaskets are equipped against the return of the resin; the upper end of the anchor rod projects beyond the upper surface of the foundation.
• FIG. 2 shows the hollow hole, according to FIG. 2, inserted hollow anchor rod, in which an axially sliding injection tube is inserted to perform the injections in the different depths can be formed whereby solidification and compression body which velvet lifting the soil effect the foundation.
• Fig. 4 shows the hollow anchor rod without sliding injection tube, after the injection and the compaction of the soil, after the maximum lifting of the foundation and with the successful determination between the upper end portion of the hollow anchor rod and the foundation by pouring an adhesive without attaching cuffs or nuts.
• FIG 5 shows schematically, partly in section, two regions of the same hollow anchor rod according to the invention during the injection phase.
• Fig. 6 shows on an enlarged scale the area between the hollow
• Fig. 7 shows the side view of a conical seal sleeve which is elastically attached to an anchor rod (without external profiling).
• Fig. 7a shows the side view of a seal sleeve which is attached by a clamp to an anchor rod (without external profiling).
• Fig. 7b shows the side view of an elastic centering device which is attached to an anchor rod (without external profiling).
• Fig. 7c shows in longitudinal section a portion of an anchor rod (without external profiling) with an injection hole which is closed from the outside by a plug.
• Fig. 8 shows, partially in section, the side view of a plug with elastic suspension tongue which has a predetermined breaking point.
• Fig. 9 shows, partially in section, the side view of a plug with injection bore which is provided with an ejectable or breakable closure membrane.
• Fig. 10 shows the side view of a portion of an anchor rod (without external profiling) with an injection hole which is closed by a perforable self-adhesive membrane clamp.
• Fig. 11 shows in longitudinal section a portion of an anchor rod (without external profiling) with injection bore which is closed by a perforable, tearable or displaceable membrane and is held by an elastic clamp.
• the foundation 1a for a continuous wall of a building absorbs the permanent and random loads on the structure in order to transfer them to the ground 1. If this soil is not very compact, or if, in the case of physical and / or geological changes, the balance between the forces acting on the structure and the reaction forces of the soil 1 is not present, then the subsidence of the soil is not structural condition and the design of the structure (inclination of the entire structure, formation of cracks, etc.).
• the renovation of the building by solidification of the soil 1 and by any compression for the purpose of raising the structure by injection of expanding resins, preferably in different depths and in different time periods is recommended according to the invention;
• the said solidification and possible compaction of the soil are additionally secured according to the invention by an underground reinforcement and thereby guaranteed over time, this is created from the introduction of scattered anchor rods 5 to forward the forces acting on the foundation 1a forces in the soil depth.
• This transfer of the loads takes place in a combined manner by the shear connection between the longitudinal surface of the individual anchor rods 5 and the solidified soil and by the carrying capacity at the foot ends of the anchor rods which are cast in the solidification bodies.
• the method according to the invention comprises the following phases: execution of a series of bores 3 in the bottom 1 which have different inclinations 3i, 3v, penetrate the foundation 1a 3b or are made in the immediate vicinity thereof;
• these holes are made by means of hollow provided with drill bit rods 5 or by means of specific boring bars; - Inserting the corresponding hollow anchor rods 5 without drill bit which are provided between the injection holes 5e with sealing sleeves 6 and possibly with elastic centering devices 9; - Injecting C of the expanding resin in different depths via a sliding P, S injection tube 16 which has been previously introduced into the anchor rod - alternatively, the injection can be made directly through the cavity of the anchor rod if the individual injection holes 5e with known or with calibrated or controllable according to the invention Closing devices (10, 11, 13, 12, 14), or provided with known valves or closures;
• Measurement of the extent and / or degree of solidification e.g., by penetrometer
• Measurement of lifting 1b of the foundation 1a e.g., by penetrometer
• the implementation of the holes 3, of which preferably a part with inclined axis 3i and a part with vertical axis 3v or created with a different angle of inclination is advantageously carried out by means of known hollow rods 5 of the type which is provided with drill bit and with an external thread and can be connected by means of threaded sleeves.
• these rods 5 are provided along their longitudinal extension with injection bores 5e which are spaced apart from each other and which correspond to different depth positions.
• the bores 3 can be made exclusively with simultaneous boring 3b of the foundation, or can be created partially or all in the immediate vicinity of the foundation or on this.
• the hollow anchor rod 5 with drill bit is, after being removed from the bore 3, discharged from the drill bit and between the individual depth positions which are determined by the injection holes 5e with sealing cuffs 6 to prevent the backflow of the resin and possibly with centering devices 9, and then again inserted into the bore 3, ensuring that the lower end of the rod 5 at the bottom of the 3a Drill hole 3 rests while the upper end 5d of the rod 5 protrudes by a distance from the foundation which is slightly longer than the possible increase 1b of the foundation by compaction of the bottom 1 makes.
• a sliding P, R injection tube 16 is then introduced which has a corresponding length so that the deepest injection holes 5e are not closed at the end portion of the Sssene 5; With the injection pipe 16 in this position, the injection C of the expanding resin is performed, whereby the lower solidification body 5a is formed. Subsequently, the following injections, corresponding to the different depth positions, can be made by pulling out the injection tube 16 and forming the solidification bodies 5b, 5c by the expanding resin over one or more series of hollow anchor rods 5, each series of which has a different number of injection holes 5e which are arranged according to different depth positions.
• hollow anchor rods 5 of one of these series can be provided with injection bores exclusively at the lower end region, in which case, of course, injection C of the synthetic resin without injection tube 16 is performed directly over the cavity of anchor rod 5.
• the injections in the different depth positions can also be achieved by closure devices which are provided on the individual injection bores 5e of the anchor rods 5. These closure devices release the flow of the injection mass as soon as a certain pressure is reached inside the cavity of the anchor rod 5; Depending on the depth position, or depending on the desired sequence of injection in the different depth positions, the closure devices can be tared or actuated by means of "ripcords.” According to the invention, these are
• Plugs 10 which are inserted from the outside into the injection holes 5e, while the plug head 10d is on the outside of the rod surface while inside a resilient 10b retaining tongue 10a with predetermined breaking point 10c holds the plug 10 in the closed position until a certain pressure is reached.
• Another closure device according to the invention consists of a plug 13 which with the head 13b rests on the outside of the rod 5 while a protruding edge 13a holds the plug on the inside of the rod, the plug 13 has a continuous axial bore 13c within which a membrane 13d is provided which is broken upon reaching a certain pressure or from his Seat is pushed outward.
• the closure devices can also consist of a membrane clamp 11 which, for example, consists of a self-adhesive plastic band and closes the injection bore until a specific injection pressure is reached; the adaptation to different pressure values can be achieved by possible double or multiple cover of injection hole 5e.
• a membrane 14 which covers the injection hole 5e and is held in place by an elastic sleeve 12 with bore 12a. According to the invention, it is possible to control the opening of all or some of the plug-shaped closure devices 10, 13 or the membrane closure devices 11, 14 via "ripcords" which are attached to the plug, or to the membranes.
• the definition by "pouring” can be made particularly resistant by having a nut or other at that part of the anchor rod which, within the bore 3b, penetrates the foundation 1a Element is attached which has a larger cross section than that of the rod 5 and which is "embedded" in the cast material 15.
• the invention does not exclude that under certain circumstances, the compression and / or solidification method with injection at different depths and at different time intervals by known methods with injection of expanding resins is replaced, but the injections are always done via rods which anchoring in the ground allow and which are defined on the foundation 1a.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-08-31 EP EP06777128A patent/EP1922449B1/fr active Active
  • 2006-08-31 WO PCT/EP2006/008500 patent/WO2007028534A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-08-31 AT AT06777128T patent/ATE552385T1/de active

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