Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
  • C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
  • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
  • C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
  • C23C22/66—Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
  • C23C22/74—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
  • C23C22/82—After-treatment
  • C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
  • F28F13/04—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
  • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
  • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
  • F28D2021/0085—Evaporators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
  • F28F2245/02—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophilic
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
  • F28F2265/20—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing development of microorganisms

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for coating Werk ⁇ pieces of metal and / or one or more alloys, a workpiece produced by this method and a device for coating Be ⁇ workpieces.
• the present invention is based, in particular, on the technical problem of providing a method which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages, in particular to provide a method which comprises hydrophilic coverings. layers and / or outer layers with improved adhesion and / or verrin ⁇ ert odor on workpiece surfaces allows.
• a method according to the present invention is used for coating workpieces made of metal and / or one or more alloys, wherein the workpieces preferably consist of aluminum, copper and / or magnesium or an alloy of one of said metals.
• the method comprises providing a workpiece, applying a coating raw material to a surface of the workpiece, heating the workpiece, and cooling the workpiece.
• a workpiece is understood to mean an article of any desired design, which may be present, for example, as a shaped body, that is to say a body of defined shape, but also as granules or powder.
• the workpiece is present as a heat exchanger or an essential component thereof.
• the object of the invention is preferably achieved in that the coating raw material is converted by a thermally activated process into at least one cover layer, which is particularly preferably designed to be continuous.
• a thermally activated process into at least one cover layer, which is particularly preferably designed to be continuous.
• a preferred thickness of the cover layer is between 30 nm and 10000 nm, in particular between 200 nm and 1000 nm.
• the thickness of the cover layer is particularly preferably between 400 nm and 700 nm.
• the thickness of the cover layer is between 1000 nm and 4000 nm , preferably between 2000 nm and 3000 nm.
• the thickness is between 4500 nm and 8000 nm.
• the workpiece is preferably heated prior to the application of the coating raw material. If the coating raw material is applied to the heated workpiece, the thermally activated conversion can take place immediately and, under certain circumstances, excess coating raw material can be washed off again and / or reused. In one variant, it is also possible to heat the workpiece only after the application of the coating raw material.
• the cover layer is made hydrophilic, so that, for example, condensed water runs off the surface better on the surface of the workpiece.
• the cover layer is made hydrophilic, so that, for example, condensed water runs off the surface better on the surface of the workpiece.
• the cover layer is formed odorless.
• the workpiece achieves a better grade than the grade 3 ("clearly perceptible, but not yet disturbing") after application of the method according to the invention in an odor test according to VDA 270.
• the choice of a coating raw material for forming a cover layer is particularly advantageous. whereby the workpiece reaches the grade 2 ("perceptible, not disturbing") or better.
• the coating raw material is applied to all or substantially all surfaces of the workpiece. This is accomplished, for example, by immersing the workpiece in the coating raw material, flooding the workpiece with the coating raw material, or spraying the workpiece with the coating raw material.
• the workpiece is heated to at least 400 0 C, in particular to at least 43O 0 C, since at such temperatures, a conversion of the coating raw material by thermal activation takes place in a short time.
• the conversion of the coating raw material to form a cover layer takes place as chemical reaction with the surface of the workpiece, as chemical conversion, in particular polymerization of the coating raw material, as sintering of the coating raw material, as conversion, in particular ceramicization of the coating raw material.
• the coating raw material contains one or more organic compounds, preferably in particular polyurethane- or polyvinyl alcohol-based polymers, monomers and / or oligomers.
• the surface of the workpiece is heated to 40-350 0 C.
• For an effective conversion of the Be Anlagenungsrohma ⁇ terials heating the workpiece to 80-300 0 C is advantageous in circumstances where a heating of the workpiece at 150-250 0 C. Particularly good results are achieved.
• a diameter between 1000 and 10000 nm in other variants may also be advantageous.
• a diameter in the intermediate range between 100 and 1000 nm is advantageous in some embodiments.
• the additional particles contain TiO 2 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 or cations of subgroup metals, in particular Zr, Ti, V, Mn, or of main group elements, in particular Al, Si.
• subgroup metals in particular Zr, Ti, V, Mn, or of main group elements, in particular Al, Si.
• the coating raw material contains one or more inorganic compounds, preferably metallic and / or non-metallic salts, in particular NaSiO 3 , KSiO 3 , NH 4 OH, KOH, NaOH, and / or water, in particular demineralized or distilled water.
• the surface of the workpiece is heated to 80-900 0 C.
• a heating of the workpiece to 200-700 0 C under Um ⁇ conditions advantageous, with particularly good results can be achieved with a heating of the workpiece to 350-550 0 C.
• At least one covering layer inhibits or prevents nucleation on the surface of the workpiece. This may avoid an unwanted odor.
• the temperature of the loading raw material coating during application to the surface of the workpiece at least -200 0 C, in particular at least 0 0 C and 100 0 C höch ⁇ least, in particular at most 80 ° C, comprising.
• a Ausu ⁇ approximate shape to a temperature between 9O 0 C and 100 0 C has proved to stratification for loading raw material.
• the method is particularly simple when no tempering of the coating raw material is necessary, that is to say when the coating raw material is applied to the workpiece at room temperature.
• the temperature of the coating raw material as between during application to the surface of the workpiece 80 and 550 0 C. advantageous in this case a small temperature difference zwi ⁇ rule the coating raw material and the surface of the workpiece, particularly advantageous are the coating raw material and the surface of the workpiece during application to substantially the same temperature.
• the workpiece is made of aluminum, magnesium, copper or one or more aluminum and / or magnesium and / or copper alloys, that is, consists of aluminum or one or more alloys or contains aluminum or one or more Aluminum alloys substantially, for example in proportions of at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95 and in particular 99 wt .-%, based on the weight of the workpiece.
• the heating of the workpiece is achieved in that the workpiece in still hot form directly following its production process, e.g. after exiting a soldering zone, after thermal joining processes, or after heating in chamber furnaces using the available heat capacity of the workpiece, it is subjected to a method according to the invention.
• the workpiece which already has a CAB flux layer due to a preceding CAB brazing process, is treated by the procedure according to the invention in such a way that the existing CAB flux layer is chemically and physically modified.
• the procedure according to the invention can result in a doping of the existing flux layer, for example with metals of the main groups I, II, III or IV or the subgroups, in particular IV to VI or / and an increase in the oxygen content.
• the treatment according to the invention may then result in improved corrosion resistance.
• the treatment of flux-coated (CAB) -coated workpieces may lead to an advantageous flaky, closed and rounded appearance of the flux layer of the workpiece, which differs from the open-pored, edged and platelet-like appearance of untreated flux-coated workpieces.
• the workpiece After coating, the workpiece can be further treated in the usual way, in particular rinsed and dried. It goes without saying that a further coating, for example by means of organic coating systems, can also be carried out. Under certain circumstances, the present method therefore represents a section of the production process of a workpiece, for example a heat exchanger.
• the manufacturing method provided according to the invention leads in the context of this production method to a reduction in the production costs for workpieces, to save energy and resources. in particular by using existing heat capacities of the workpieces and for reduced use or to avoid the use of aggressive chemicals for surface treatment.
• a preferably used coating raw material is one or more compounds, in particular one or more metal salts of one or more elements of the subgroups of the PSE, in particular of subgroups IV to VI of the PSE (Periodic Table of the Elements), for example titanium, hafnium, Vanadium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and especially zirconium.
• the coating raw material may be one or more compounds, in particular one or more metal salts of one or more elements of the main groups I, II, IH and / or IV of the Periodic Table of the Elements, for example a metal salt of beryllium, Barium, in particular of magnesium or calcium or sodium or potassium.
• the coating raw material may be one or more compounds of one or more of the main groups V 1 VI, VII and / or VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
• the abovementioned metals may be present in salt form with anions selected from the group consisting of chlorides, carbonates, in particular bicarbonates, nitrates, sulfites, peroxides and phosphates.
• the metal salts of the elements of main groups I and II for example potassium, sodium and calcite, can be used as lye, ie KOH, NaOH or Ca (OH) 2 , or as borate, aluminum, silicate or halide, in particular fluoride , present.
• the at least one coating raw material is a CAB flux (controlled atmosphere brazing) of the general formula K x Al F y where x is 1 to 3 and y is 4 to 6, for example Potassium aluminum hexafluoride and / or Cs x AIF y .
• the coating material used is an ammonium salt, such as, for example, ammonium fluoride or ammonium carbonate, potassium fluoride, sodium or potassium silicate, sodium or potassium borate, sodium or potassium aluminate, crosslinkable, in particular organometallic, such as zirconium or organometallic or silizi ⁇ organic compounds or hydrogen peroxide used.
• the CAB flux, ammonium salt and / or potassium fluoride are used in the alkaline phase, in particular in the form of aqueous preferably alkaline solutions or alkaline vapors or aerosols for the treatment of the workpiece.
• the metal compounds of one of the elements of the subgroups, in particular subgroups IV to VI, or the main group I, II, III or IV can be present in the organic and / or inorganic phase, preferably in the aqueous phase, in particular in the liquid or gaseous phase, preferably in aerosol form or as a vapor.
• the water used for the solution is preferably demineralized water.
• water as the coating raw material for treating the surface of the workpiece, preferably demineralized and distilled water, which reacts chemically, for example, with the surface of the workpiece to form the cover layer.
• surface-modifying agent aqueous solutions of ammonia, amines, in particular primary, secondary or tertiary amines, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamines, Dimethylethanola- mine, organic acids or salts of ammonia, amines, haloge - neten organic compounds and / or organic acids issued ⁇ zen.
• aqueous solutions of ammonia, amines, in particular primary, secondary or tertiary amines for example mono-, di- or triethanolamines, Dimethylethanola- mine, organic acids or salts of ammonia, amines, haloge - neten organic compounds and / or organic acids issued ⁇ zen.
• mixtures of the abovementioned modifying agents are also possible.
• the starting material used for the process according to the invention is a CAB-flux-coated workpiece resulting from a CAB-soldering process, which is treated with one or more of the coating raw materials used under the given conditions.
• a cover layer with an increased oxygen content can be obtained, which may also be doped depending on the nature of the modifying agent used, for example with one or more of the metals of main group I, II, III or IV or the Maugrup ⁇ pen, in particular the subgroups IV to VI, or other Beschich ⁇ raw materials.
• the invention provides that the metal salt, the CAB flux, ammonium salt and / or potassium fluoride or another constituent of the coating raw material in a matrix, for example a matrix of organic and / or inorganic solvents or mixtures thereof is used to treat the surface of the workpiece.
• a matrix for example a matrix of organic and / or inorganic solvents or mixtures thereof is used to treat the surface of the workpiece.
• the matrix contains organometallic, in particular organosilicon compounds.
• the matrix contains organic and / or inorganic polymers, or else a mixture of the substances mentioned.
• the metal salt, the CAB flux, ammonium fluoride and / or potassium fluoride or another constituent of the coating raw material in the treatment in a concentration of 10 ppm to 100,000 ppm, preferably from 50 ppm to 10,000 ppm to use.
• the at least one coating raw material is preferably brought into contact with the workpiece by placing the workpiece in the at least a coating raw material is dipped and impregnated, or rinsed or flooded with the at least one coating raw material and thereby impregnated, or by spraying the at least one coating raw material onto the workpiece, in particular by means of so-called airless or ultrasonic atomization or in any other form is brought into contact.
• a spray in addition to compressed air, another gas can also be used, for example oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, ozone or steam.
• metal salts find, for example, aqueous solutions of Ca (NO 3 ) 2 or Zr (NO 3 ) 4 use, in particular with concentrations between 0.1% and 5%, wherein the pH preferably between 5.5 and 7.5 to 8 .
• the application temperature is advantageously between 40 0 C and 6O 0 C. also, it is may be beneficial, 0.005% to 5% tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate inflict.
• a soldered, preferably CAB-brazed heat exchanger is treated with such a solution.
• the cover layer has a biocide.
• a resulting microbial inhibition is desirable.
• a Beschich ⁇ processing raw material contains 0.005% - 5%, in particular 0.01% - 1%, particularly preferably 0.05% - 0.5% sodium and / or potassium silicate, for example in particular ⁇ special demineralized water.
• a coating raw material with silver particles in particular in one of the concentrations indicated above, wherein the combination of a silicate with silver particles Under certain circumstances, the cover layer gives particularly germ-inhibiting properties.
• the silver particles preferably have a diameter of from 1 to 100 nm. As variants, silver particles having a diameter of from 100 to 500 nm or from 500 to 1000 nm are also advantageous
• the invention also relates to workpieces produced by means of the abovementioned methods, in particular coated heat exchangers made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.
• the heat exchanger is particularly preferably an evaporator, in particular an automotive air conditioning system.
• the workpiece is provided in a further step with one or more organic or inorganic coating systems, which have particularly advantageous additional germ-inhibiting and / or hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties auf ⁇ .
• one or more organic or inorganic coating systems which have particularly advantageous additional germ-inhibiting and / or hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties auf ⁇ .
• Application of such lacquer-like layers is possible both without and with an intermediate drying step.
• the object of the invention is also achieved by a device for coating workpieces with a temperature-control chamber and a device arranged in or on the temperature-control chamber for applying a coating raw material to the workpieces.
• the device for applying a coating raw material neck is preferably designed as a spray nozzle, which is particularly preferably self-temperable for carrying out the process according to the invention. Just as good a tempering of the coating raw material in a supply line of the device is possible.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-10-07 DE DE102004049107A patent/DE102004049107A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-10-05 BR BRPI0516555-5A patent/BRPI0516555A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-10-05 WO PCT/EP2005/010800 patent/WO2006040079A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2005-10-05 EP EP10180997A patent/EP2298961A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2005-10-05 US US11/576,918 patent/US20080038471A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-10-05 CN CN2005800343123A patent/CN101035926B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-10-05 EP EP05794799A patent/EP1799882A2/de not_active Ceased

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