EP1668310B1 - Method and device for protecting ships against end-stage guided missiles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for protecting ships against end-stage guided missiles provided with a target data analysis system and to a device for carrying out the inventive method which consists in detecting a missile moving towards a protected ship (1) by appropriate sensors, localising and calculating the assessed trajectory thereof by means of a computer, classifying the missile with the aid of target data analysis and the attack structure thereof detected by the sensors, continuously measuring an actual wind speed and the direction thereof by means of measurement sensors, continuously acquiring the ship data such as the forward speed and direction thereof, a rolling and pitching motion by means of motion and/navigation sensors, transmitting sensor data to a fire control computer which controls at least one deceptive body launcher (2) and in generating a model of an effective deceptive body (4) according to said missile and the attack structure thereof taking into account all collected data.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for protecting ships from end-phase guided missiles with target data analysis system according to claim 1 and a protective system device according to claim 8.

Since the sinking of the Israeli destroyer 'EILAT' by Styx missiles of the Egyptian Navy in 1967, anti-ship missiles pose a massive threat to ships.

Modern anti-ship missiles have radar (RF), infrared (IR), or DUAL MODE (RFIIR) sensors for final phase steering. Through appropriate "intelligent" data analysis, these missiles are able to distinguish between target and false target.

• ■ RF-/IR-Signaturanalyse (Dual Mode Zielsuchköpfe)
• ■ Abbildendende Verfahren (Imaging IR)
• ■ Signalfrequenzanalyse (FFT-Analysen)
• ■ Räumliche Höhen-, Tiefen- und Seitendiskriminierung
• ■ Kanten-Track-Verfahren
• ■ Bild- zu Bild Korrelation
• ■ Geschwindigkeit und Beschleunigung

These missile-immanent data analyzes now include all relevant temporal, spatial, spectral and kinematic features, such as:

• ■ RF / IR signature analysis (Dual Mode homing heads)
• ■ Imaging procedures (Imaging IR)
• ■ Signal frequency analysis (FFT analyzes)
• ■ Spatial height, depth and side discrimination
• ■ Edge track method
• ■ image-to-image correlation
• ■ Speed and acceleration

For the protection of military objects from missiles, RF and IR decoys have been used for some time in the prior art. These, like the missiles, were optimized over time and provided an effective countermeasure.

However, the current decoys or decoy processes against the threat of a ship by Lenosuchwaffen because of the rather unsatisfactory imitation of the ship's signature in all spectral ranges in which the sensors of the attacking missiles works, not optimally suited.

• ■ der richtige Täuschkörper
• ■ zur richtigen Zeit
• ■ am richtigen Ort

unter der Prämisse einer jeweils höchstmöglichen Schiffsähnlichkeit nur bedingt erfüllt.In particular, by the known Täuschkörperverfahr.en or systems the "and" -linked demand for:

• ■ the right decoy
• ■ at the right time
• ■ in the right place

under the premise of the highest possible ship similarity only partially fulfilled.

The DE 38 35 887 A1 describes a cartridge for fake target generation, in particular for use in tanks for protection against sensor-guided ammunition. The dummy target cartridge is designed as a dual-mode ammunition, containing Kornerreflektoren for imitation of the radar signature of a tank and incendiary devices for imitation of the infrared signature of a tank. Kornerreflektoren and incendiary devices are distributed by an explosive charge so that a tank signature results in both spectral ranges.

An infrared effective mass for the generation of decoys is, for example, in the DE 43 27 976 C1 described. This is a flare composition based on red phosphorus, which preferably emits in the medium-wave range when burned. These flares can - used in appropriate decoy ammunition - be used for example for the protection of tanks, ships and drilling platforms.

The DE 196 17 701 A1 also describes a method for providing a decoy target for protecting land, air or water vehicles to defend against dual-mode or serial-based steering search missiles, wherein an IR-emitting radiation and RF-backscattering active mass is in the proper position be brought as a decoy simultaneously to the effectiveness.

The EP 1 336 814 A2 discloses a RADAR-counter measure system for protecting ships by deploying corner reflectors defined in azimuth and elevation in the trajectory of an approaching missile.

In addition, the reveals DE 199 43 396 T decoy and a method for providing a decoy, for example, to protect ships, to defend against missiles, both in the infrared or radar and both in a wavelength ranges simultaneously or serially operating homing head, wherein in the IR radiation emitting IR -Wigs based on flares and an RF radiation backscattering effective mass based on dipoles in the correct position as a decoy can be made simultaneously to the effectiveness, wherein a ratio of dipole mass to Flarewirkmasse of about 3.4: 1 to 6: 1 is used ; and Flares are used, which have a greater by about 0.5 to 1.5 m / s sinking rate than the dipoles.

HERRMANN, Helmut wt 2/89 'Camouflaging and Deceiving the Navy' reveals a method for protecting ships from end-phase guided missiles with target data analysis system. This document further describes that the moving in the direction of the ship to be protected missile detected by suitable sensors, located and its expected trajectory is calculated by means of a computer.

For a successful defense of the missile according to HERRMANN the approach direction, azimuth and elevation as well as the distance must be known. In addition, HERRMANN describes the dependence of the effective chaff deployment on the ship's course, wind strength and wind direction, as well as the direction of the missile threat. HERRMANN also describes the use and consideration of the vessel's own driving speed, direction of travel, rolling and pitching motion for the effective deployment of decoys.

Likewise, it is described that a computer is calculated an optimal ship's course and an optimal boat trip in support of the separation of the decoy-based issued Buggergebildes from the ship to be protected.

A similar ship protection system will be in US 4,22,306 which, however, does not go beyond the disclosure of the article by HERRMANN.

Producers of special decoy patterns as a function of decoy and attack structure are not described.

It is true that all the documents mentioned describe decoys or decoy-target generations with a partially ship-like signature. In combination with the available Täuschkörperwurfanlagen is However, an effective temporal and spatial Täuschkörpereinsatz for the protection of ships with any of the methods and devices described so far optimally achievable.

Most decoys are deployed either as decoy missiles or after the mortar principle of rigid launcher, so that an accurate positioning is not possible. Even when fired from directable Täuschkörperwurfanlagen the required temporal and spatial staggering of the decoy with the previously described methods and devices is extremely difficult because a sequential application with spontaneous (in response to the current threat situation) selectable launch intervals and spontaneously selectable firing ranges can not be realized.

Based on the prior art of the article by HERRMANN, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and a device for protecting ships by means of decoys.

Technically, the solution of this problem is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Technically, the above object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 8.

The following requirements are made of a method and a device for protecting ships from "intelligent" end-phase guided missiles:

• ■ Flugkörpertyp
• ■ Flugkörperangriffsrichtung
• ■ Flugkörperentfernung
• ■ Flugkörpergeschwindigkeit
• ■ Schiffsaspektl-signatur
• ■ Fahrtrichtung des Schiffes
• ■ Schiffsgeschwindigkeit
• ■ überlagerten Schiffseigenbewegungen (Rollen, Nicken)
• ■ Windgeschwindigkeit
• ■ Windrichtung

innerhalb kürzester Zeit ein Täuschkörpergebilde bzw. -muster generiert werden kann, welche sowohl hinsichtlich Form und Größe als auch bezüglich Einsatzentfernung, Einsatzhöhe, Einsatzrichtung und zeitlicher Staffelung völlig flexibel ist und insbesondere den Bedingungen auf See mit teilweise erheblichem Seegang und starkem Wind Rechnung trägt.An effective decoy process or system must ensure that, depending on

• ■ Type of missile
• ■ Missile attack direction
• ■ Missile removal
• ■ missile speed
• ■ Ship aspect signature
• ■ Direction of travel of the ship
• ■ Ship speed
• ■ Superimposed ship's movements (roles, pitches)
• ■ Wind speed
• ■ Wind direction

Within a very short time a decoy formation or pattern can be generated, which is completely flexible in terms of shape and size as well as deployment distance, mission height, deployment direction and staggering time and especially the conditions at sea with sometimes considerable sea state and strong wind bill.

This decoy formation must correspond to the ship signature in all spectral, spatial and temporal criteria relevant to the missile target search heads. The exchange body structure must be composed of individual decoys ammunitions in order to ensure the highest possible flexibility and possible variation in terms of shape and size of the decoy formation.

The decoys include decoys ammunitions that have either RF, and / or IR and / or combined RF / IR modes of action to emulate the ship's RF and IR signature,

The inventive method uses decoy ammunition whose generated apparent target diameter each about 10m to 20 m corresponds to reproduce the spatial signature of the ship to be protected,

According to the invention, the decoys can be deployed in such a way that a ship-like expansion and movement of the decoupler structure, which separates from the ship to be protected, is generated by the arrangement of individual decoy ammunitions, in particular in the width and height staggered patterns.

• ■ Art der Täuschkörpermunitionen (IR, RF, IR/RF),
• ■ Anzahl der unterschiedlichen Arten an Täuschkörpermunitionen,
• ■ Zeitintervall zwischen der Ausbringung der einzelnen Täuschkörpermunitionen,
• ■ räumliche Ausbringkoordinaten der einzelnen Täuschkörper,
• ■ Kinematik des Täuschkörpergebildes; sowie
• ■ Form und Größe des Täuschkörpergebildes

völlig flexibel ist und somit den oben beschriebenen Anforderungen genügt.With the method according to the invention and the protective system device for carrying out the method, it is ensured that, depending on all described input parameters (missile, ship, wind), an exchange body formation can be spontaneously generated, which with respect to the parameters

• ■ type of decoy ammunition (IR, RF, IR / RF),
• ■ number of different types of decoy ammunition,
• ■ time interval between the application of the individual decoys ammunition,
• ■ spatial application coordinates of the individual decoys,
• ■ kinematics of the decoy formation; such as
• ■ Shape and size of the decoy formation

is completely flexible and thus meets the requirements described above.

1. (1) der sich in Richtung des zu schützenden Schiffes bewegende Flugkörper durch geeignete Sensoren erfaßt, lokalisiert und seine voraussichtliche Flugbahn mittels eines Computers berechnet wird;
2. (2) die Art der von dem Flugkörper durchgeführten Zieldatenanalyse mittels geeigneter Sensoren und Algorithmen erfaßt wird und der Flugkörper hinsichtlich seiner Art der Zieldatenanalyse klassifiziert wird;
3. (3) die aktuelle Windgeschwindigkeit und Windrichtung mittels Windmeßsensoren kontinuierlich erfaßt wird;
4. (4) die Schiffseigendaten:
   • Fahrtgeschwindigkeit, Fahrtrichtung, Roll- und Nickbewegungen, mittels Bewegungs- und/oder Navigationssensoren kontinuierlich erfaßt werden;
5. (5) die erfaßten Daten aus (1) bis (4) an einen Feuerleitrechner mittels Datenschnittstellen übermittelt werden;
6. (6) wenigstens ein Täuschkörperwerfer mittels des Feuerleitrechners angesteuert wird und der Verschuß von Täuschkörpermunitionen eingeleitet wird, wobei der Feuerleitrechner aufgrund der ausgewerteten Sensordaten das Ausbringen der Täuschkörper hinsichtlich:
   • Art des Munitionstyps;
   • Anzahl der unterschiedlichen Munitionstypen;
   • des zeitlichen Verschußabstandes zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Munitionen;
   • der Abfeuerrichtung in Azimut und Elevation, einer jeden Munition, einschließlich des Ausgleichs von Roll- und Nickbewegungen des Schiffes;
   • der Verzögerungszeit der Munitionen vom Abschuß bis zur Aktivierung der Wirkladung und somit die Entfernung der Täuschkörperwirkung;
   steuert; und
7. (7) der Feuerleitrechner einen optimalen Schiffskurs und eine optimale Schiffsfahrt zur Unterstützung der Trennung des Feuerleitrechner-gestützt ausgegebenen Täuschkörpergebildes vom zu schützenden Schiff berechnet; wobei
8. (8) als Windmeßsensoren die schiffseigene Windmeßanlage verwendet wird; und wobei
9. (9) die Schiffseigendaten durch die Navigationsanlage und die Kreiselstabilisierungsanlage des zu schützenden Schiffes oder mittels separater Beschleunigungssensoren, insbesondere Nick-, Roll- oder Gyrosensoren, erfaßt werden, wobei
10. (10) in Abhängigkeit von dem erkannten Flugkörper und der Angriffsstruktur ein bestimmtes Täuschkörpermuster erzeugt wird, wobei das geeignete Täuschkörpermuster für die jeweilige Bedrohungsart, gekennzeichnet durch Flugkörpertyp und Anflugsverhalten in einer Datenbank abgelegt ist und vom Feuerleitrechner nach Erkennen des Flugkörpertyps und der Angriffsstruktur abgerufen wird, um ein entsprechendes Täuschkörpermuster aufzubauen.

In particular, the present invention relates to a method for protecting ships from end-phase guided missiles with target data analysis system, wherein

1. (1) the missile moving in the direction of the ship to be protected is detected by suitable sensors, localized and its expected trajectory is calculated by means of a computer;
2. (2) detecting the type of target data analysis performed by the missile using appropriate sensors and algorithms and classifying the missile for its type of target data analysis;
3. (3) the current wind speed and wind direction are detected continuously by means of wind measuring sensors;
4. (4) the vessel data:
   • Travel speed, direction of travel, roll and pitch movements are detected continuously by means of motion and / or navigation sensors;
5. (5) the acquired data from (1) to (4) are transmitted to a fire control computer via data interfaces;
6. (6) at least one decoy projector is controlled by means of the fire control computer and the firing of decoy ammunition is initiated, wherein the fire control computer based on the evaluated sensor data, the application of the decoy in terms of:
   • Type of ammunition type;
   • Number of different types of ammunition;
   • the temporal firing distance between successive ammunition;
   • the firing direction in azimuth and elevation, of each ammunition, including the compensation of roll and Pitching movements of the ship;
   • the delay time of the ammunition from the launch to the activation of the active charge and thus the removal of the decoy effect;
   controls; and
7. (7) the fire control calculator calculates an optimal ship's course and vessel's voyage to assist separation of the fire control computer-based decoy body from the ship to be protected; in which
8. (8) the ship's wind measuring system is used as wind measuring sensors; and where
9. (9) the vessel data are recorded by the navigation system and the gyrostabilizer of the ship to be protected or by separate acceleration sensors, in particular pitch, roll or gyro sensors, wherein
10. (10) a specific decoy pattern is generated as a function of the detected missile and the attack structure, wherein the appropriate decoy pattern for the respective threat type, characterized by missile type and approach behavior is stored in a database and retrieved by the fire control computer after detecting the missile type and the attack structure, to build up a corresponding decoy pattern.

It is preferred that RF and / or IR and / or UV sensors are used to detect the approaching missile. Preferably, the ship's reconnaissance radars are used.

The wind measurement sensors of the ship's wind measurement system are preferably used to detect wind direction and wind speed.

Furthermore, the vessel data is recorded by the navigation system and the gyrostabilization system on board the ship to be protected or by means of separate acceleration sensors, in particular pitching and rolling movements.

For example, standardized interfaces, in particular NTDS, RS232, RS422, ETHERNET, IR, or BLUETOOTH interfaces are used as data interfaces.

As decoy ammunition such with RF, IR, and combined RF / IR - active masses and per se known radar reflectors (Airborne Radar Reflectors) are used.

As Feuerleitrechner preferably a personal computer, a microcontroller control or PLC control is used, the fire control computer transmits the data determined for deploying the Täuschkörpergebildes via a standardized data interface, in particular via a CAN bus (Controller Area Network Bus) to the Täuschkörperwerfer ,

Here, it is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if as a decoy radio frequency reflector, in particular a radar reflector, preferably an angle reflector, preferably a Radar reflector with eight tri-angle reflectors (tri-hedrals), particularly preferably a known corner reflector; preferably in the form of nets or films.

• wenigstens einem Computer;
• Sensoren zur Erfassung von sich einem zu schützenden Schiff nähernden endphasengelenkten Flugkörpern, die ein Zieldatenanalysesystem zur Unterscheidung von Echt- und Falschziel aufweisen;
• Sensoren zur Erfassung der Anflugsrichtung, Entfernung und Geschwindigkeit der Flugkörper;
• einer Windmeßeinrichtung für Windgeschwindigkeit und Windrichtung;
• Bewegungs- und/oder Navigationssensoren zur Erfassung der Schiffseigendaten: Fahrtgeschwindigkeit, Fahrtrichtung, Roll- und Nickbewegungen;
• wenigstens einem Feuerleitrechner, wobei insbesondere Feuerleitrechner und Computer eine Einheit bilden; und wobei der Feuerleitrechner mit den Sensoren über Datenschnittstellen kommuniziert;
• wenigstens einem auf dem Schiff angeordneten in Azimut und Elevation richtbaren Täuschkörpervverfer, der mit Täuschkörpermunitionen bestückt ist, wobei die Munitionstypen RF, IR, und kombinierte RF/IR-Munitionen sowie entfaltbare Cornerreflektoren umfassen; wobei
• der Computer eine Datenbank aufweist, in welcher geeignete Täuschkörpermuster für den jeweiligen Flugkörpertyp und die jeweilige Angriffsstruktur abgelegt sind, welche es ermöglichen, in Abhängigkeit von dem erkannten Flugkörper und der Angriffsstruktur ein bestimmtes Täuschkörpermuster zu erzeugen, um ein Schiff wirksam vor der erkannten Bedrohung zu schützen.

The protective system device according to the invention, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the present invention, is equipped with:

• at least one computer;
• Sensors for detecting end-phase guided missiles approaching a ship to be protected and having a target data analysis system for distinguishing real and false targets;
• Sensors for detecting the direction of approach, distance and speed of the missiles;
• a wind measuring device for wind speed and wind direction;
• Motion and / or navigation sensors for capturing vessel data: travel speed, direction of travel, roll and pitch movements;
• at least one Feuerleitrechner, in particular fire control computer and computer form a unit; and wherein the fire control computer communicates with the sensors via data interfaces;
• at least one decoy deflector directing on the ship in azimuth and elevation equipped with decoy ammunition, the ammunition types comprising RF, IR, and combined RF / IR ammunition and deployable corner reflectors; in which
• the computer has a database in which suitable decoy patterns for the respective type of missile and the respective attack structure are stored, which make it possible to generate a specific decoy pattern depending on the detected missile and the attack structure in order to effectively protect a ship from the detected threat ,

• eine Abfeuerplattform als Träger der einzelnen Täuschkörpermunitionen;
• eine elektrische Abfeuereinrichtung, welche die einzelnen Täuschkörpermunitionen in beliebig einstellbaren zeitlichen Abständen abfeuert,
• einen Elevationsantrieb zur Höhenbewegung der Abfeuerplattform,
• einen Azimutantrieb zur Seitenbewegung der Abfeuerplattform,
• eine Basisplattform zur Aufnahme der Antriebe,
• Schockdämpfer an der Basisplattform zur Dämpfung von rapiden Schiffsbewegungen, insbesondere aufgrund von Minensprengschocks;
• STEALTH-Verkleidungen zur Verminderung der Eigensignatur im RF- und IR-Bereich, vorzugsweise ausgebildet aus schräggestellten Metall- oder Kohlefaserflächen; sowie
• eine geeignete Schnittstelle, welche die Verzögerungszeit der Täuschkörpermunition(en) vom Abschuß bis zur Aktivierung der Wirkladung unmittelbar vor dem Abschuß vom Täuschkörperwerfer an die Täuschkörpermunition(en) überträgt, vorzugsweise ausgebildet als elektrische Steckverbindung oder als induktive Verbindung über zwei korrespondierende Spulen.

A suitable decoy projector may have, for example, the following components:

• a firing platform as a carrier of the individual decoy munitions;
• an electric firing device, which fires the individual decoy ammunitions in arbitrarily adjustable time intervals,
• an elevation drive for height movement of the launching platform,
• an azimuth drive for lateral movement of the firing platform,
• a base platform for receiving the drives,
• Shock absorbers on the base platform for damping rapid ship movements, in particular due to mine blast shocks;
• STEALTH panels for reducing self-signature in the RF and IR range, preferably formed from inclined metal or carbon fiber surfaces; such as
• a suitable interface, which transmits the delay time of the decoy ammunition (s) from firing to activation of the active charge immediately before firing from the decoy to the decoy ammunition (s), preferably formed as an electrical connector or as an inductive connection via two corresponding coils.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the description of an embodiment and from the drawing.

Fig. 1

eine beispielhafte Schutzsystemvorrichtung in schematischer Ansicht;

Fig. 2a

ein beispielhaftes erfindungsgemäß ausgebrachtes Tauschkörpergebilde schematischer Draufsicht als Gegenmaßnahme zu einem angreifenden RF-gelenkten Flugkörper;

Fig. 2b

ein beispielhaftes erfindungsgemäß ausgebrachtes Tauschkörpergebilde in schematischer Seitenansicht als Gegenmaßnahme zu einem IR-gelenkten Flugkörper;

Fig. 3-7

unterschiedliche Täuschkörpermuster;

Fig. 8

ein schematisches Flussdiagramm des erfindungsgemäßen Täuschkörpersystems;

Fig. 9

die wesentlichen Elemente der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung; und

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung der Ausbildung eines Täuschkörpermusters an den Sollkoordinaten.

Fig.1

zeigt in schematischer Ansicht eine erfindungsgemäße Schutzsystemvorrichtung.

It shows:

Fig. 1

an exemplary protection system device in a schematic view;

Fig. 2a

an exemplary exchange body formed according to the invention schematic plan view as a countermeasure to an attacking RF-guided missile;

Fig. 2b

an exemplary exchange body structure applied according to the invention in a schematic side view as a countermeasure to an IR-guided missile;

Fig. 3-7

different decoy patterns;

Fig. 8

a schematic flow diagram of the decoy system according to the invention;

Fig. 9

the essential elements of the device according to the invention; and

Fig. 10

a schematic representation of the formation of a decoy pattern at the desired coordinates.

Fig.1

shows a schematic view of a protective system device according to the invention.

A missile attacking the ship to be protected is detected, localized and identified by means of suitable sensors ( Fig. 1, A These sensors preferably include RF, IR and / or UV sensors (eg EloUM systems such as FL1800, MSP, MILDS or the like).

By means of suitable sensors, the current wind speed and wind direction are continuously recorded ( Fig. 1, A ), this sensor is realized in the example case by the ship's wind gauge.

The vessel data are also recorded by means of suitable sensors. In the example case, the speed of travel, direction of travel, rolling movements and pitching movements of the ship to be protected are detected ( Fig. 1 A) , This sensor is adopted in the embodiment of the ship's navigation and gyro stabilization system. Of course, the measurements of these parameters can also be realized by separate devices for determining the rolling and pitching movements of the ship.

The determined sensor data are transmitted to a fire control computer by means of suitable data interfaces ( Fig. 1, B ), where these Data interfaces in the present embodiment are designed as RS232 interfaces.

Other possible standardized interfaces include e.g. NTDS, RS 422, ETHERNET, IR or BLUETOOTH interfaces.

In the case of a detected approaching missile is a decoy in Fig. 1 , C using a suitable Feuerleitrechners, in the example, a PC, driven.

• der Art der verschiedenen Täuschkörpermunitionen, (RF, IR, kombiniert RF/IR),
• der Anzahl der verschiedenen Täuschkörpermunitionstypen (RF, IR, RF/IR),
• des zeitlichen Verschußabstandes zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Täuschkörpermunitionen,
• der Abfeuerrichtung in Azimut (einschließlich des Ausgleichs von Roll- und Nickbewegungen des Schiffes) einer jeden Täuschkörpermunition,
• der Abfeuerrichtung in Elevation (einschließlich des Ausgleichs von Roll- und Nickbewegungen des Schiffes) einer jeden Täuschkörpermunition,
• der Verzögerungszeit der Täuschkörpermunition(en) vom Abschuss bis zur Aktivierung der Wirkladung; sowie
• der Berechnung des optimalen Schiffskurses und Schiffsfahrt zur Unterstützung der Separationskinematik des Täuschkörpergebildes, wobei dieser Feuerleitrechner im Beispielsfalle durch einen Personal Computer realisiert wird. Alternativ kann auch eine Microcontroller-Steuerung oder eine SPS-Steuerung als Feuerleitrechner eingesetzt werden.

The control of the Täuschkörperwerfers and the firing of the decoys ammunition, which in Fig. 1 are shown in section D, takes place in the example case with respect to:

• the type of different decoy munitions, (RF, IR, RF / IR combined),
• the number of different decoy ammunition types (RF, IR, RF / IR),
• the temporal firing distance between successive decoy munitions,
• the azimuth firing direction (including the balance of roll and pitch movements of the ship) of each decoy ammunition,
• the firing direction in elevation (including the compensation of rolling and pitching movements of the ship) of each decoy ammunition,
• the delay time of the decoy ammunition (s) from launch to activation of the active charge; such as
• the calculation of the optimal ship course and boat trip to support the separation kinematics of the decoy formation, this Feuerleitrechner in the example case by a personal computer is realized. Alternatively, a microcontroller or a PLC controller can be used as fire control computer.

In the example case, the calculated data of the fire control computer with regard to optimum ship's course and ship speed are transmitted to the command post of the ship by means of an RS 232 data interface. ( Fig. 1, B ). Alternatively, other standardized interfaces such as, NTDS, RS 422, ETHERNET, IR and BLUETOOTH interfaces can be used.

The transmission of the data of the fire control computer to one or more decoys ( Fig. 1, B ), takes place in the present embodiment via CAN bus interfaces.

The exemplarily used decoy projector is rotatable at least in two axes (azimuth and elevation) ( Fig. 1, C ). For application of a decoy formation, which in Fig. 1 is shown in section E, the decoy ammunition are shot in elevation and azimuth directed.

• eine Abfeuerplattform als Träger der einzelnen Täuschkörpermunitionen,
• eine elektrische Abfeuereinrichtung welche die einzelnen Täuschkörpermunitionen in beliebig einstellbaren zeitlichen Abständen abfeuert,
• einen als Elektroantrieb ausgeführten Elevationsantrieb zur Höhenbewegung der Abfeuerplattform, sowie einen als Elektroantrieb ausgeführten Azimutantrieb zur Seitenbewegung der Abfeuerplattform,
• eine Basisplattform zur Aufnahme der Antriebe,
• einen Schockdämpfer an der Basisplattform zur Dämpfung von rapiden Schiffsbewegungen, z.B. aufgrund von Minensprengschocks,
• STEALTH-Verkleidungen zur Verminderung der Eigensignatur im RF- und IR-Bereich, vorzugsweise ausgeführt aus schräggestellten Metall- und/oder Kohlefaserflächen,
• eine geeignete Schnittstelle, welche die Verzögerungszeit (der Täuschkörpermunition(en) vom Abschuss bis zur Aktivierung der Wirkladung) unmittelbar vor dem Abschuss vom Täuschkörperwerfer an die Täuschkörpermunition(en) überträgt, beispielhaft ausgeführt als elektrische Steckverbindung oder als induktive Verbindung über zwei korrespondierende Spulen;

The decoy throwing system used in the example case contains the following components:

• a firing platform as a carrier of the individual decoy munitions,
• an electric firing device which fires the individual decoy ammunitions in arbitrarily adjustable time intervals,
• an elevation drive designed as an electric drive for height movement of the launching platform, and an azimuth drive designed as an electric drive for lateral movement of the launching platform,
• a base platform for receiving the drives,
• a shock absorber on the base platform to dampen rapid ship movements, eg due to mine blast shocks,
• STEALTH linings for reducing self-signature in the RF and IR range, preferably made of inclined metal and / or carbon fiber surfaces,
• a suitable interface, which transmits the delay time (the decoy ammunition (s) from launch to activation of the active charge) immediately before the launch of the decoy to the decoy ammunition (s), exemplified as an electrical connector or as an inductive connection via two corresponding coils;

The decoy munitions have integrated, electronically freely programmable delay elements in which the delay times transmitted by the launcher or by the fire control computer are stored, so that the activation of the active compounds is initiated after the delay time has elapsed ( Fig. 1, D In the exemplary embodiment, these delay elements are embodied as a microcontroller circuit, the decoys ammunition having its own energy store, by means of which the power supply of the programmable delay element and the energy supply of the active mass inference and distribution takes place in the decoy ammunition ( Fig. 1, D ), this one Energy storage can be realized in the example case by rechargeable capacitors, by rechargeable batteries or by batteries.

Finally, by means of the variable-length decoy ammunition in conjunction with the directional decoy body, a swap body pattern is freely selectable in all spatial and temporal dimensions ( Fig. 1, E ), wherein the effective masses contained in the decoy ammunition comprise RF, IR or combined RF / IR effective active charges, which simulate the signature of the ship to be protected.

The FIGS. 2a and 2b show by way of example in plan view and side view a possible exchange body formation in an approaching RF-steered missile ( Fig. 2 a) and an IR-guided missile approaching the ship to be protected.

In these figures it can be seen that a multiplicity of different decoy ammunitions (in the example case 10 pieces) can be staggered flexibly by means of the method according to the invention in terms of time, distance, height and direction.

With the method according to the invention, it is possible, for example, to generate an exchange body formation which begins in the immediate vicinity of the ship ( Fig. 2a : Decoy 1), then sequentially, perpendicular to the missile attack direction is built (2a: decoy 2 decoy 6) and then under direction change (2a: decoy 7 decoy 10) is continued.

By means of a simultaneous height graduation ( Fig. 2b : Decoy 1 - decoy 10), which in conjunction with the rate of descent of the activated decoy effective charges, the duration of action of the individual Munitions determined, can also create a ship-like kinematics of the decoy formation. In this way, the necessary separation of the exchange body and ship is ensured to ensure that the exchange body and the ship to be protected are separated far enough from each other so that the approaching missile flies into the decoy without danger to the ship.

Missile targets are equipped with sensors for target detection and tracking in the electromagnetic wavelength ranges: ultraviolet (UV), visual / electro-optical (EO), LASER (eg 1.06 μm and 10.6 μm), infrared (IR) as well as RADAR (eg I / J band and mmW).

Using electronic techniques (e.g., filtering techniques) and mathematical algorithms (e.g., pattern recognition), these modern missiles are capable of distinguishing real sea targets (e.g., ships, derricks, ...) from false targets based on spectral, temporal, kinematic, and spatial differentials.

• ■ Flugkörpertyp (u.a. Sensortyp, Zielverfolgungsalgorithmus, usw.)
• ■ Anflugrichtung des Flugkörper
• ■ Anfluggeschwindigkeit des Flugkörper
• ■ Entfernung des Flugkörpers
• ■ Fahrtgeschwindigkeit des Schiffes
• ■ Schiffstyp (Geometrie)
• ■ Schiffssignatur (Radar, Infrarot)
• ■ Schiffskurs
• ■ Windrichtung
• ■ Windgeschwindigkeit

In order to be able to fend off the multiplicity of different missiles in different threat situations by means of a decoy system, it is absolutely necessary to be able to generate individually adapted, exactly positioned decoy patterns on each threat situation. The specific threat situation is defined by the following parameters:

• ■ Type of missile (including sensor type, target tracking algorithm, etc.)
• ■ approach direction of the missile
• ■ approach speed of the missile
• ■ Distance of the missile
• ■ Travel speed of the ship
• ■ Ship type (geometry)
• ■ Ship signature (radar, infrared)
• ■ Ship's course
• ■ Wind direction
• ■ Wind speed

The FIGS. 3 to 7 show exemplary some needed for missile defense, temporally and spatially staggered decoy patterns which are composed of individual decoy (shown as circles / spheres), which are stored in a database of the computer and which are tailored to the particular type of missile and the associated attack structure. Fig. 3 shows a decoy pattern which can sandwich the flanks of a ship on both sides protect against approaching missiles. The decoy pattern is shown in plan view.

Fig. 4 shows in plan view a shield-like decoy pattern, which is suitable for example for the defense against frontal and oblique frontal attacks.

In Fig. 5 is a side view of a decoy pattern in the form of a tower for the defense of frontalanfliegenden steering missiles shown.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a side view of a camouflage wall, which also serves for flank protection.

In Fig. 7 is a side view of a decoy pattern shown, which serves to ward off attacks from above, so-called top attacks.

According to the invention, a decoy is described that the required number of decoy (s) and their spatial and temporal target coordinates (x _n, y _n, z _n, t _n) by means of a tactical mission computer the optimum for the specific security threat missile defense decoy calculated with respect to and then realized by means of a Täuschkörperwurfanlage the exact spatial (x _n , y _n , z _n ) and temporal (t _n ) positioning of the decoys. In other words, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that almost any pattern of decoy clouds can be formed even under the conditions of rough seas.

In the flowchart of the Fig. 8 as well as the Fig. 9 and 10 the functional chain or the schematic structure of the system is shown:

• Flugkörpersensorik (Radar, EO, Infrarot, LASER)
• Flugkörpergeschwindigkeit
• Flugkörpersuch- und Trackverfahren
• Flugkörperfilterverfahren
• Elektronische Gegenmaßnahmen (ECCM) des Flugkörpers

By means of suitable sensors, the wind data (wind speed and wind direction) as well as the ship's own data (speed, course, pitching and rolling motion) are recorded and sent to a central computer ( Fig. 9 , Reference 2) forwarded.
By warning sensors approaching missiles are detected and the respective type of missile and its approach direction and distance determined. This data is also forwarded to the central computer 2. In a correlation database (threat table), the specific and missile-related data of the detected missile type are queried. These are in particular:

• Missile sensors (radar, EO, infrared, LASER)
• Missile velocity
• Missile search and track procedure
• Missile filtering methods
• Electronic countermeasures (ECCM) of the missile

Depending on this missile data and the vessel data (speed, course, radar signature, infrared signature) and wind parameters (speed and direction) is now individually the optimal decoy pattern with regard to the number of decoys required for anti-aircraft defense decoy (s) and their spatial and temporal target coordinates (x _n, y _n, z _n, t _n) is determined (for examples, see Fig. 1 ... 5 ).
If no data about the missile are available in the correlation database, a generic decoy pattern is stored, which is also stored in a database for specific threat situations and missiles (for example, a "cloak wall") Fig. 6 ).

1. a) Sensorik zur Erfassung der Roll- und Nickbewegung des Schiffes in Bezug auf einen künstlichen Horizont
2. b) Computer zur Berechnung der Abschussdaten
3. c) Eine 2-achsige, in Azimut und Elevation bewegliche Richteinheit
4. d) Eine Abschussplattform mit einer Vielzahl von individuell ansteuerbaren Abschusselementen
5. e) Täuschkörpermunitionen, die mit programmierbaren Verzögerungselementen ausgestattet sind, welche über eine Datenschnittstelle von der Abschussplattform aus so programmiert werden, daß die Wirkentfaltung bei Erreichung der Sollkoordinaten (x_n, y_n, z_n) einsetzt.

In order to realize the predefined decoy pattern (nominal values), a device is used according to the invention which has the following components (see FIG. Fig. 9 ):

1. a) Sensors for detecting the roll and pitch of the vessel with respect to an artificial horizon
2. b) computer for calculating the firing data
3. c) A 2-axis, in azimuth and elevation movable straightening unit
4. d) A launching platform with a large number of individually activatable launcher elements
5. e) decoys ammunition equipped with programmable delay elements, which are programmed via a data interface from the launching platform so that the active deployment starts when the desired coordinates (x _n , y _n , z _n ) are reached.

For further description, for simplicity, the in Fig. 10 Illustrated decoy patterns ( Fig. 10 , Reference numeral 4), which is composed only of n = 4 decoys. The spatial (x _n , y _n , z _n ) and the desired time coordinates (t _n ) are with respect to the installed on the ship Täuschkörperwurfanlage ( Fig. 10 , Numeral 2) _(n TK (x, y _n, z _n, t _n) is clearly defined).

• ■ Die Berechnung der ballistischen Flugbahnen der Täuschkörpermunitionen (Fig. 8, Bezugszeichen 3) in Abhängigkeit ihres Luftwiderstandes, ihrer Masse (m) und der Abgangsgeschwindigkeit (v₀).
• ■ Die Berechnung der notwendigen Abgangswinkel der Täuschkörpermunitionen in Azimut (α_n) und Elevation (ε_n), durch die gewährleistet wird, daß die zuvor berechneten ballistischen Flugbahnen die Sollkoordinaten (x_n, y_n, z_n) kreuzen
• ■ Die Berechnung der benötigten Flugzeiten der Täuschkörpermunitionen bis zur Erreichung der Sollkoordinaten (x_n, y_n, z_n)
• ■ Die Berechnung der notwendigen zeitliche Staffelung (Δt) des Verschusses der einzelnen Täuschkörpermunitionen zur Gewährleistung der richtigen zeitlichen Positionierung (t_n) an den Sollkoordinaten (x_n, y_n, z_n).
• ■ Die Berechnung der notwendigen Kompensationswinkel in Azimut (Δα) und Elevation (Δε) zur Kompensation der durch Nick- und Rollbewegung des Schiffes hervorgerufenen Fehler des Abgangswinkels.
• ■ Die Berechnung der notwendigen Kompensationswinkel in Azimut (Δα) und Elevation (Δε) zur Kompensation der durch Fahrt und Kurs des Schiffes hervorgerufenen zeitlichen Verschiebungen der Sollkoordinaten (x_n, y_n, z_n, t_n).

In order to realize the predetermined decoy pattern (nominal values), according to the invention, by means of the computer ( Fig. 7 , Reference numeral 2), the following computation steps are carried out using standard physical-mathematical methods:

• ■ The calculation of the ballistic trajectories of the decoy ammunition ( Fig. 8 , Reference numeral 3) depending on their air resistance, their mass (m) and the outgoing speed (v ₀ ).
• ■ The calculation of the necessary departure angles of the decoy ammunition in azimuth (α _n ) and elevation (ε _n ), which ensures that the previously calculated ballistic trajectories cross the nominal coordinates (x _n , y _n , z _n )
• ■ The calculation of the required flight times of the decoy ammunition until the target coordinates (x _n , y _n , z _n ) are reached
• ■ The calculation of the necessary time staggering (Δt) of the firing of the individual decoy munitions to ensure the correct temporal positioning (t _n ) at the nominal coordinates (x _n , y _n , z _n ).
• ■ The calculation of the necessary compensation angles in azimuth (Δα) and elevation (Δε) to compensate for the departure angle error caused by pitch and roll motion of the ship.
• ■ The calculation of the necessary compensation angles in azimuth (Δα) and elevation (Δε) to compensate for the time shifts of the setpoint coordinates (x _n , y _n , z _n , t _n ) caused by travel and course of the ship.

The values calculated in this way are now converted into machine instructions and thus into the Fig. 9 and 10 triggered system described. In this way an exact decoy placement and pattern adapted to the threat situation is realized.

In the following, a concrete embodiment of the invention will be described.

Sensor for detecting the roll and pitch movement ( Fig. 9 , Reference numeral 1)

The ship's movements, roles and pitches are detected by a gyrostabilizer, preferably by an inclinometer.

Computer for calculating the firing data ( Fig. 9 , Reference 2)

Basically, all common computer 2 are suitable, but preferably a microprocessor-based PC or a PLC controls is used.

From the desired coordinates (x _n , y _n , z _n , t _n ) of the decoy, the computer calculates the time staggering (Δt) and the given ballistics (At the same outflow speed v ₀ ) by means of a mathematical approximation method, eg 'Runge-Kutta method', the Abschußazimut α _n , the Abschußelevation ε _n and the required time of flight and thus the effective distance d _{n of} the individual decoy munitions.

The calculated data are transmitted from control systems, preferably servo controllers, to machine commands for the described 2-axis, azimuth and elevation mobile launchers ( Fig. 9 3) are converted and transmitted.

The launcher, which can move in two axes, is realized by means of electric, hydraulic or pneumatic directional drives. Preferably, an electric drive is used, which either acts directly on the launching platform or preferably indirectly transmits the movement to the launching platform via a gearbox. The strength of the drives for the Azimutrichtbewegung and the Elevationsrichtbewegung is adapted to the moving weights and moments. In order to be able to achieve an adequate reaction speed and in order to be able to compensate for the ship's own movements, the drives are designed so that an angular velocity of more than 50 ° / s, or an angular acceleration of more than 50 ° / s, both for the azimuth direction movement and for the elevation. s ² (positive and negative acceleration) is reached.

The straightening range is designed such that, taking into account the conditions of the launching platform, a weft direction in azimuth of 0 ° to 360 ° and in elevation a weft direction of 0 ° to 90 ° is achieved. Programmable launch limits are implemented so that firing of the decoy ammunition in the direction of the ship's superstructure should be prevented. For security reasons, program memories based on EPROM are preferably used.

A launching platform with a large number of individually activatable launching elements ( Fig. 9 , Reference 4)

The launching platform is designed so that it is possible to shoot at least 20 individual decoys. Preferably, each decoy ammunition is individually verschiessbar. In addition, it is realized that programming of the flying time of the decoy ammunition takes place via the launching platform up to the desired effective distance. The interface to the decoy ammunition can be implemented via contacts, but is preferably implemented by an inductive interface in order to prevent corrosion effects on the data transmission.

Decoy ammunitions with programmable delay elements that can be programmed via a data interface from the launching platform ( Fig. 9 , Reference 5)

The decoy ammunitions are designed so that they all have the same exit velocity (v ₀ ). This is necessary to ensure the correct and accurate placement of the decoys based on the computer's ballistic calculations. The maximum flight distance is preferably at least 100 m. The v ₀ is designed according to the ammunition weight, the drag coefficient (c _w ) and the end face (A).

The decoy ammunition each have a programmable delay element, so that the flight times are variable up to the effective deployment at the desired coordinates (x _n , y _n , z _n ) and can be programmed immediately before the launch of the launching platform. The interfaces to the launching platform are preferably inductive, ie in each case implemented via a coil system.

Claims (15)

1. A method for protecting ships against terminal homing phase-guided missiles provided with a target data analysis system, wherein

   (1) the missile moving towards the ship to be protected is detected by suitable sensors, located, and its expected trajectory is calculated by means of a computer;

   (2) the type of target data analysis performed by the missile is detected by means of suitable sensors and algorithms, and the missile is classified with regard to the type of its target data analysis;

   (3) the current wind speed and direction of wind is detected continuously by means of wind measuring sensors;

   (4) the ship's own data:

   travelling speed, direction of travel, rolling and pitching motions, is continuously detected by means of motion and/or navigation sensors;

   (5) the detected data of (1) to (4) is transmitted to a fire control calculator by means of data interfaces;

   (6) at least one dirigible decoy launcher is controlled by means of the fire control calculator and the firing of decoy ammunitions is initiated, with the fire control calculator controlling the deployment of the decoys based on the evaluated sensor data with regard to:

   - kind of the ammunition type;

   - number of the different ammunition types;

   - temporal firing interval between successive ammunitions;

   - the firing direction of each ammunition in azimuth and elevation, including the compensation of rolling and pitching motions of the ship;

   - the delay time of the ammunitions from firing until activation of the effective charge, and thus the distance of the decoy effect;

   and

   (7) the fire control calculator calculates an optimal course of the ship and an optimal speed of the ship so as to support the separation of the decoy formation deployed from the ship to be protected in a control computer-supported manner; wherein

   (8) the ship's on-board wind measuring equipment is used as the wind measuring sensors; and wherein

   (9) the ship's own data is detected by the navigation equipment and the gyroscopic stabilization equipment of the ship to be protected or by means of separate acceleration sensors, in particular pitch, roll, or gyroscopic sensors,
   characterized in that

   (10) a particular decoy pattern is generated in dependence on the identified missile and the attack structure, wherein the appropriate decoy pattern for the respective type of threat, characterized by missile type and homing behavior, is stored in a database and fetched by the fire control calculator following identification of the missile type and attack structure, in order to build up a corresponding decoy pattern,
   wherein

   (11) during build-up of the decoy pattern a decoy pattern database is accessed wherein appropriate decoy patterns for the respective missile type and the respective type of threat are stored, which allow to generate, in dependence on the identified missile and the attack structure, a particular decoy pattern so as to effectively protect a ship against the identified threat.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that RF and/or IR and/or UV sensors are used for detection, preferably the ship's on-board reconnaissance radars, wherein standardized interfaces, in particular NTDS, RS232, RS422, ETHERNET, IR, BLUETOOTH interfaces, are used as data interfaces.
3. The method in accordance with any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that decoy ammunitions with RF, IR, and combined RF/IR active compositions as well as unfolding, floating radio frequency reflectors, in particular radar reflectors (Airborne Radar Reflectors), are used as decoy ammunitions.
4. The method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a personal computer, a micro-controller control, or an SPS control is used as a fire control calculator, with the fire control calculator transmitting the determined data for deploying the decoy formation to the decoy launchers via a standardized data interface, in particular via a CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus).
5. The method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that unfolding decoys are used, wherein the folded decoys are fired by the decoy launcher and unfolded during the launch by means of gases, in particular by means of pyrotechnical gases, in particular by means of pyrotechnical gas generators, preferably airbag gas generators, wherein a radio frequency reflector, in particular a radar reflector, preferably a corner reflector, preferably a radar reflector having eight tri-hedral corner reflectors (tri-hedrals), in a particularly preferred manner a corner reflector; preferably in the form of nettings or foils, is used as a decoy.
6. The method in accordance with with any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the decoy pattern is selected from the following geometrical configurations: sandwich; screen; tower; vertical camouflage screen (side-attack protection); horizontal camouflage screen (top-attack protection), and/or in that a decoy ammunition with programmable delay elements is used.
7. The method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that all of the decoy ammunitions used for a particular decoy pattern are formed such as to have an identical velocity of departure (V₀).
8. A protective system apparatus for the protection of ships against terminal homing phase-guided missiles comprising a target data analysis system, comprising:

   at least one computer;

   sensors for detecting terminal homing phase-guided missiles having a target data analysis system for discriminating between genuine and spurious target, that approach a ship to be protected;

   sensors for detecting the direction of approach, distance, and velocity of the missiles;

   wind measuring means for wind speed and direction of wind;

   motion and/or navigation sensors for detecting the ship's own data:

   travelling speed, direction of travel, rolling and pitching motions;

   at least one fire control calculator, wherein in particular fire control calculator and computer form a unit; and wherein the fire control calculator communicates with the sensors via data interfaces;

   at least one decoy launcher arranged on the ship and dirigible in azimuth and elevation, which is equipped with decoy ammunitions, wherein the ammunition types comprise RF, IR, and combined RF/IR ammunitions as well as unfolding corner reflectors,

   characterized in that

   the computer includes a database in which appropriate decoy patterns for the respective missile type and the respective attack structure are stored, which allow to generate, in dependence on the identified missile and the attack structure, a particular decoy pattern so as to effectively protect a ship against the identified threat.
9. The protective system apparatus in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that the decoy launcher includes the following components:

   - a launching platform as a carrier of the single decoy ammunitions;

   - electric launching means which fire the single decoy ammunitions in randomly adjustable temporal intervals,

   - an elevational drive for movement in height of the launching platform,

   - an azimuthal drive for sideways movement of the launching platform,

   - a base platform for receiving the drives,

   - shock absorbers at the base platform for attenuating rapid ship movements particularly brought about by mine detonation shocks;

   - STEALTH trimmings for reducing the ship's signature in the RF and IR ranges, preferably formed of obliquely inclined metallic or carbon fiber surfaces;

   - a suitable interface which transmits the delay time of the decoy ammunition(s) from launch to activation of the effective charge immediately prior to launch from the decoy launcher to the decoy ammunition(s), preferably having the form of an electric plug-in connection or of an inductive connection via two corresponding coils.
10. The protective system apparatus in accordance with claim 8 or 9,
    characterized in that the decoy ammunitions comprise integrated, electronic delay elements freely programmable by means of the fire control calculator and/or
    the decoy launchers are provided with electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic directional drives, with the angular acceleration in the azimuthal direction and in the elevational direction being at least 50 DEG/s² and/or RF and/or IR and/or UV sensors, preferably the ship's on-board reconnaissance radars, are provided for detection.
11. The protective system apparatus in accordance with any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that standardized interfaces, in particular NTDS, RS232, RS422, ETHERNET, IR, BLUETOOTH interfaces are provided as data interfaces.
12. The protective system apparatus in accordance with any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that decoy ammunitions with RF, IR, and combined RF/IR active compositions as well as unfolding, floating radio frequency reflectors, in particular radar reflectors (Airborne Radar Reflectors) are provided as decoy ammunitions.
13. The protective system apparatus in accordance with claim 12, characterized in that unfolding decoys are provided, wherein the folded decoys are fired by the decoy launcher and are adapted to be unfolded during the launch by means of gases, in particular by means of pyrotechnical gas generators, in particular airbag gas generators, wherein a radio frequency reflector, in particular a radar reflector, preferably a corner reflector, preferably a radar reflector having eight tri-hedral corner reflectors (tri-hedrals), in a particularly preferred manner a corner reflector; preferably in the form of nettings or foils, is provided as a decoy.
14. The protective system apparatus in accordance with any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that a decoy ammunition with programmable delay elements is provided
    and/or
    all of the decoy ammunitions used for a particular decoy pattern are formed such as to have an identical velocity of departure (V₀).
15. The protective system apparatus in accordance with any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that a personal computer, a micro-controller control or an SPS control is provided as a fire control calculator, with the fire control calculator transmitting the determined data for deploying the decoy formation to the decoy launchers via a standardized data interface, in particular via a CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus).

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