Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

EP1479115A2 - Event de pile - Google Patents

Event de pile

Info

Publication number
EP1479115A2
EP1479115A2 EP01995413A EP01995413A EP1479115A2 EP 1479115 A2 EP1479115 A2 EP 1479115A2 EP 01995413 A EP01995413 A EP 01995413A EP 01995413 A EP01995413 A EP 01995413A EP 1479115 A2 EP1479115 A2 EP 1479115A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrochemical cell
membrane
hydrogen
anode
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01995413A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
William L. Bowden
David L. Pappas
Jack Treger
Guang Wei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gillette Co LLC
Original Assignee
Gillette Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gillette Co LLC filed Critical Gillette Co LLC
Publication of EP1479115A2 publication Critical patent/EP1479115A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • alkaline batteries include a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution.
  • the cathode can include, for example, manganese dioxide particles as the active material, carbon particles that enhance the conductivity of the cathode, and a binder.
  • the anode may be, for example, a gel including zinc particles as the active material.
  • the separator is disposed between the cathode and the anode.
  • the electrolytic solution can be, for example, a hydroxide solution that is dispersed throughout the battery.
  • a battery When a battery is used as an electrical energy source in a device, such as a hearing aid, a flashlight, or a cellular telephone, electrical contact is made to the anode and the cathode, allowing electrons to flow through the device and permitting the respective oxidation and reduction reactions to occur to provide electrical power.
  • An electrolyte in contact with the anode and the cathode contains ions that flow through the separator between the electrodes to maintain charge balance throughout the battery during discharge.
  • oxygen is reduced at the cathode, and a metal, such as zinc, is oxidized at the anode.
  • Oxygen is supplied to the cathode from the atmospheric air external to the cell through air access ports in the battery housing.
  • Metal oxide such as zinc oxide or zincate, is formed in the anode.
  • the zinc can also react directly with the electrolyte which results in the consumption of the zinc and the production hydrogen gas.
  • Surfactants, mercury, and other metals such as lead and cadmium often are added to the anode to reduce the levels of hydrogen that are produced.
  • the invention relates to a hydrogen permeable membrane for electrochemical cells.
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane within the cell permits hydrogen gas to exit the cell.
  • electrochemical cells including a hydrogen permeable membrane generally have less internal pressure from hydrogen gas and less leakage.
  • the invention features an electrochemical cell, such as an alkaline or metal-air battery, including a cathode; an anode; a separator; a housing containing the cathode, the anode, and the separator, and defining an outlet; and a hydrogen selective membrane associated with the outlet of the housing.
  • the hydrogen selective membrane is associated with the battery outlet, for example, by positioning and securing the membrane into or adjacent to the housing outlet.
  • the hydrogen selectively permeable membrane includes a substrate layer and a hydrogen transportation layer, such as a metal-based material.
  • a hydrogen selective membrane exhibits a selective permeability of hydrogen (H 2 ) relative to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water (H 2 O), and oxygen O 2 .
  • the selective permeability of the membrane is 10 times, more preferably, 100 times, and most preferably 1000 times more permeable for H 2 than CO 2 .
  • the selective permeability of the membrane can also be 10 times, more preferably, 100 times, and most preferably 1000 times more permeable for H 2 than H 2 O.
  • the invention features an electrochemical cell, such as a metal-air battery, including a cathode; a cathode membrane; an anode; a separator; a housing containing the cathode, the cathode membrane, the anode, and the separator, and defining an outlet; and a membrane associated with the outlet.
  • the membrane has a permeance of H 2 at a rate between about 10 to about 10,000 times less than the permeance of H 2 through the cathode membrane.
  • the membrane can be a hydrogen selective membrane or a non-selective membrane such as microporous polyethylene.
  • Embodiments of the invention may have one or more of the following advantages.
  • Batteries including hydrogen selective membranes allow hydrogen gas to exit the housing without altering the levels of H 2 O and CO 2 within the electrochemical cell.
  • the membrane also reduces the likelihood of damage to the cathode by reducing the internal pressure of the battery.
  • the membrane reduces the internal battery pressure of hydrogen gas and the voltage losses in a cell due to reaction of hydrogen gas with the positive electrode materials. Additionally, electrolyte leakage is reduced or eliminated.
  • the mechanical constraints of the housing such as the rupturing pressure of a seal between anode and cathode portions of the housing, can also be reduced as a result of reduced internal pressure.
  • the difference in permeance of H 2 through the vent membrane versus permeance through the cathode membrane permits release of hydrogen gas without drying or flooding the electrochemical cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical cell; and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of section A of FIG 1.
  • a metal-air button cell battery 1 includes an anode 2, and a cathode 4.
  • Anode 2 includes anode can 10 and anode gel 60.
  • a hydrogen permeable membrane 6 is associated with an outlet 8 of anode can 10 via an adhesive 7.
  • Cathode 4 includes cathode can 20 and cathode structure 40.
  • Insulator 30 is located between anode can 10 and cathode can 20.
  • Separator 70 is located between cathode structure 40 and anode gel 60, preventing electrical contact between these two components.
  • Air access port 80 located in cathode can 20, allows air to exchange into and out of the cell.
  • Air disperser 50 is located between air access port 80 and cathode structure 40.
  • Anode can 10 and cathode can 20 are crimped together to form the cell container, which has an internal volume, or cell volume. Together, inner surface 82 of anode can 10 and separator 70 form anode volume 84.
  • Anode volume 84 contains anode gel 60. The remainder of anode volume 84 is void volume 90.
  • Void volume 90 can vary, for example, between 5 and 20 percent. The increased void volume can assist in reducing leakage of electrolyte, such as an aqueous solution of KOH, from the cell and reduce pressure build-up due to gas generation in the anode compartment.
  • Suitable adhesives which may be used to associate hydrogen permeable membrane 6 into or adjacent to the outlet include materials that are chemically compatible with the materials of the electrochemical cell, i.e., anode and cathode materials, and electrolyte, and are capable of forming a gas tight seal between the membrane and the battery housing. Examples include, but are not limited to, polyamides, asphalt adhesives, and waxes.
  • a suitable adhesive can be obtained, for example, from Jingxin Adhesive Co. as adhesive J-43.
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane also may be attached into or adjacent to the outlet by mechanical means such as with a castle nut and an o-ring or a welded washer.
  • Outlet 8 has a diameter, for example, between about 0.1 mm and about 1 mm.
  • anode can 10 may include a plurality of outlets and membranes.
  • an example of a hydrogen permeable membrane 6 includes a hydrogen transportation layer 100 sandwiched between a support layer 90 and a protective layer 110.
  • Support layer 90 provides structural support for hydrogen transportation layer 100 and includes a support member 92 and a planarizing member 94 which levels unevenness in surface 93 of support member 92.
  • the permeance of hydrogen transmitted through hydrogen permeable membrane is greater than about 1 X 10 "5 cm 3 /(cm 2 . sec cmHg).
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane exhibits a selective permeability of H 2 relative to CO 2 and H 2 O.
  • the selective permeability of the membrane is 10 times, more preferably, 100 times, and most preferably 1000 times more permeable for H 2 than CO 2 .
  • the membrane can also be selectively permeable for H 2 relative to O 2 .
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane can be attached to the outlet of anode can with either side of the membrane, the protective layer or the support layer, adjacent the anode can provided that the layer exposed to the inside of the battery is chemically compatible with the materials of the electrochemical cell, i.e., anode and cathode materials.
  • Hydrogen transportation layer 100 is, typically, a metal film. Suitable metal films, for example, include Pt, Pd, Ta, Nb, Rh, V, Zr, Ag, AB 5 misch metals, AB 2 misch metals, and alloys thereof.
  • the metal film may include an alloy of Pd and Ag atoms in a ratio (Pd:Ag), for example, between about 100:1 and about 1:1, between about 10:1 and about 1:1, or between about 5:1 and about 2:1.
  • the transportation layer also can be alloyed with rare earth metals such as yttrium.
  • the thickness of layer 100 is adjusted to provide a metal film free of defects or pinholes and thereby reduce the permeability of gases such as CO, CO 2 , O 2 , and H 2 O through the membrane.
  • the exact thickness of the membrane required for a pin-hole or defect free surface depends upon the quality of the planarization layer.
  • the thickness of layer 100 for example, is between about 50 A and about 10,000 A.
  • a preferred hydrogen transportation layer has a thickness less than about 1,000 A.
  • Suitable materials for support member 92 include, but not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimides, polyamides, styrene-butadiene and styrene polyisoprene block co-polymers, and polyolefins such as polypropylene, poly- sulfone, polydimethylsiloxane, and polytrimethylsilylpropyne.
  • Support layer has a thickness, for example, between about 25 and about 300 ⁇ m. The diameter of pores in the support layer may be between about 10 A and about 2,000 A.
  • Polypropylene support layers, such as CelgardTM may be purchased from Hoechet Celanese Corporation, in Charlotte, N.C.
  • Planarizing materials include amorphous polymers. Examples include silicone, urethane, acrylic polymers, polyimides, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, and polyfrimethylsilylpropyne. Planarizing materials are available from Membrane Technologies and Research, Inc., located in Menlo Park, CA. The thickness of planarizing material is adjusted to level the unevenness of the support surface and thereby provide a flat surface on which the hydrogen transportation layer may be applied. Preferably, the planarizing material has a thickness less than about 10,000 A.
  • the protective layer may be, for example, any gas permeable polymer coating.
  • gas permeable polymer coating examples include, but are not limited to, polyimides, polyamides, styrene- butadiene or styrene polyisoprene block co-polymers, and polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane can be formed via a combination of a number of techniques for sequentially depositing a planarizing layer, a hydrogen transportation layer, and a protective layer onto a support layer.
  • the planarizing layer may be applied by spin-coating and the metal layer by vacuum sputter-deposition.
  • Examples of membranes produced by vacuum sputter-deposition can be found in "Metal Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation," by Athayde et al. in the Journal of Membrane Science, 94 299 (1994), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the anode can may include a tri-clad or bi-clad material.
  • the bi-clad material can be stainless steel with an inner surface of copper.
  • the tri-clad material is composed of stainless steel having a copper layer on the inner surface and a nickel layer on the outer surface of the can.
  • the anode can also include a metallic coating such as tin on the inner surface.
  • the tin coating is on the inside surface of anode can that makes contact with zinc anode and electrolyte.
  • the tin coating may be a layer on the inner surface of the can.
  • the tin layer can be a plated layer having a thickness between about 1 and 12 microns, preferably between about 2 and 7 microns, and more preferably about 4 microns.
  • the tin coating can be pre-plated on the metal strip or post-plated on the anode can.
  • the tin coating can be deposited by immersion plating (e.g., using a plating solution available from Atotech).
  • the plated layer can have a bright finish or a matte finish.
  • a low porosity layer can exhibit less gassing in a low mercury metal-air electrochemical cell.
  • the coating can include silver or gold compounds.
  • the cathode can is composed of cold-rolled steel having inner and outer layers of nickel.
  • an insulator such as an insulating gasket, pressure- fit between the anode can and cathode can.
  • the gasket can be thinned to increase the capacity of the cell.
  • the anode can may be configured with a straight wall design, in which the side wall is straight, or a foldover design in thinner-walled cans (e.g., about 4 mils thickness).
  • a foldover design the clip-off edge of the anode can which is generated during stamping of the can is bent away from the interior of the cell.
  • the foldover design can reduce potential gas generation by decreasing the possibility of the anode materials making contact with exposed stainless steel at the anode can clip-off edge.
  • a straight wall design can be used in conjunction with an L- or J-shaped insulator, preferably J-shaped, that can bury the clip-off edge into the insulator foot. When a foldover design is used, the insulator can be L-shaped.
  • the preferred anode material is zinc.
  • the anode material can be a zinc alloy, in which the alloying elements can include, but are not limited to, In, Pb, Bi, or mixtures thereof.
  • the anode gel may contain, for example, a mixture of zinc and electrolyte.
  • the mixture of zinc and electrolyte can include a gelling agent, such as an absorbent polyacrylate, that can help prevent leakage of the electrolyte from the cell and helps suspend the particles of zinc within the anode. Suitable gelling agents are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,541,871, U.S. Patent No. 4,590,227, or U.S. Patent No. 4,507,438.
  • the cathode structure contains carbon and a material (e.g., a manganese compound) that can catalyze the reduction of oxygen which enters the cell as a component of atmospheric air passing through access ports in the bottom of the cathode can.
  • a material e.g., a manganese compound
  • the overall electrochemical reaction within the cell results in zinc metal being oxidized to zinc-containing ions and oxygen from air being reduced to hydroxyl ions.
  • zinc oxide or zincate is formed in the anode. While these chemical reactions are taking place, electrons are transferred from the anode to the cathode, providing power to the device.
  • the zinc material can be air blown or spun zinc. Suitable zinc particles are described, for example, in U.S.S.N.
  • the zinc can be a powder.
  • the particles of the zinc can be spherical or nonspherical.
  • the zinc particles can be acicular in shape (having an aspect ratio of at least two).
  • the cathode structure has a side facing the anode gel and a side facing the air access ports.
  • the side of the cathode structure facing the anode gel is covered by a separator.
  • the separator can be a porous, electrically insulating polymer, such as polypropylene, that allows the electrolyte to contact the air cathode.
  • the side of the cathode structure facing the air access ports is typically covered by a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane that can help prevent drying of the anode gel and leakage of electrolyte from the cell.
  • Cells can also include an air disperser, or blotter material, between the PTFE membrane and the air access ports.
  • the air disperser is a porous or fibrous material that helps maintain an air diffusion space between the PTFE membrane and the cathode can.
  • the cathode structure includes a current collector, such as a wire mesh, upon which is deposited a cathode mixture.
  • the wire mesh makes electrical contact with the cathode can.
  • the cathode mixture includes a catalyst for reducing oxygen, such as a manganese compound.
  • the catalyst mixture is composed of a mixture of a binder (e.g., PTFE particles), carbon particles, and manganese compounds.
  • the catalyst mixture can be prepared, for example, by heating manganese nitrate or by reducing potassium permanganate to produce manganese oxides, such as Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , and MnO 2 .
  • the air access ports are typically covered by a removable sheet, commonly known as the seal tab, that is provided on the bottom of the cathode can to cover the air access ports to restrict the flow of air between the interior and exterior of the button cell.
  • the user peels the seal tab from the cathode can prior to use to allow oxygen from air to enter the interior of the button cell from the external environment.
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane can be attached to the outside of the anode can.
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane may also be formed integrally to the anode can by depositing, such as by chemical deposition, the membrane materials into the outlet.
  • the hydrogen transportation layer may be a carbon- based molecular sieve which preferentially permeates hydrogen relative to other gases. Examples of carbon-based molecular sieves can be found, for example, in New Technology Japan April 1998.
  • a metal-air button cell battery includes a cathode membrane and an anode membrane that transmits H 2 at a rate lower than the rate o H 2 transmitted through the cathode.
  • the anode membrane is selected so that it transmits H 2 at a rate about 10 to about 10,000 times less than the rate of H 2 transmitted through the cathode membrane.
  • the anode membrane can be a hydrogen permeable membrane having a selective permeability to hydrogen, as described above, or any non-selective membrane such as microporous polymers provided that membrane materials are chemically compatible with the materials of the electrochemical cell, i.e., anode and cathode materials, and electrolyte.
  • non-selective membranes such as microporous polyethylene and PTFE
  • the permeance of hydrogen can be used to gauge the permeance of water vapor.
  • a non-selective anode membrane which transmits hydrogen at a rate about 10 to about 10,000 times less than the rate of hydrogen transmitted through the cathode membrane will also transmit water vapor at a rate about 10 to about 10,000 times less than the rate of water vapor transmitted through the cathode.
  • the build-up of excess hydrogen gas creates a pressure differential of approximately 0.1 to 2 atmospheres across the anode membrane which causes the anode membrane to transmit hydrogen from the cell at a rate higher than the rate at which it transmits water.
  • the anode membrane will be less permeable to water vapor than the cathode membrane and will vent excess hydrogen without drying or flooding the electrochemical cell.
  • a standard PTFE cathode membrane has a permeance to water and hydrogen between about 1 x 10 "2 to about 1 x 10 "4 cm 3 /(cm 2 sec cmHg).
  • Non-selective anode membranes e.g., a microporous polyethylene membrane from Tonen, Inc. (Japan), have a permeance to hydrogen and water between about 1 x 10 "3 to about 1 x 10 "6 cm 3 /(cm 2 sec cmHg).
  • the hydrogen permeable and anode membranes may be used in alkaline electrochemical cells such as AA, AAA, AAAA, C, or D alkaline batteries.
  • alkaline batteries are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,283,139 and 5,856,040, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • a hydrogen permeable membrane may be associated with an outlet formed in a negative metal cap.
  • the membrane In an alkaline button-shaped cell, the membrane may be associated with an outlet formed in the anode can.
  • the membrane may also be used with prismatic electrochemical cells having a thickness less than 10 mm, and preferably less than 4 mm. Examples of prismatic electrochemical cells are described, for example, in U.S.
  • the outlet may be formed in any portion of the battery housing.
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane may be associated with any outlet.
  • the hydrogen permeable membrane may be associated with an outlet formed in the cathode side of the battery housing.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule électrochimique (1) contenant une membrane (6) sélectivement perméable à l'hydrogène associée à une sortie (8) du boîtier (10). Ladite membrane (6) sélectivement perméable à l'hydrogène comporte une couche substrat (90) et une couche de transport d'hydrogène (100) telle qu'une couche de transport d'hydrogène à base métallique, et présente une perméabilité sélective à l'hydrogène (H2) par rapport au dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et à l'eau (H2O).
EP01995413A 2000-11-21 2001-11-16 Event de pile Withdrawn EP1479115A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71771400A 2000-11-21 2000-11-21
US717714 2000-11-21
PCT/US2001/047040 WO2002059990A2 (fr) 2000-11-21 2001-11-16 Event de pile

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1479115A2 true EP1479115A2 (fr) 2004-11-24

Family

ID=24883160

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01995413A Withdrawn EP1479115A2 (fr) 2000-11-21 2001-11-16 Event de pile

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1479115A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005502158A (fr)
CN (1) CN100350647C (fr)
AR (1) AR031475A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002059990A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6887618B2 (en) * 2002-08-09 2005-05-03 The Gillette Company Electrochemical cell with flat casing and vent
WO2006004143A1 (fr) 2004-07-02 2006-01-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pile d’accumulateur nickel-hydrogène
US20070148533A1 (en) * 2005-12-23 2007-06-28 Anglin David L Batteries
JP5127258B2 (ja) * 2007-02-08 2013-01-23 株式会社オプトニクス精密 ガス透過性安全弁および電気化学素子
WO2009001947A1 (fr) * 2007-06-22 2008-12-31 Rubycon Corporation Soupape de régulation de pression de pièces électroniques, et pièces électroniques utilisant la soupape
FR2927729B1 (fr) * 2008-02-14 2013-06-14 Batscap Sa Dispositif anti-surpression pour un supercondensateur
WO2014098038A1 (fr) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-26 日東電工株式会社 Membrane de décharge d'hydrogène
JP2015053475A (ja) * 2013-08-06 2015-03-19 日東電工株式会社 水素排出膜
US10886548B2 (en) 2014-05-07 2021-01-05 L3 Open Water Power, Inc. Hydrogen management in electrochemical systems
WO2015194472A1 (fr) * 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 日東電工株式会社 Film de décharge d'hydrogène
WO2015194470A1 (fr) * 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 日東電工株式会社 Film de décharge d'hydrogène
US20170133646A1 (en) * 2014-06-16 2017-05-11 Nitto Denko Corporation Hydrogen-releasing film
JP7034577B2 (ja) * 2015-03-06 2022-03-14 日東電工株式会社 水素排出膜
WO2017098930A1 (fr) * 2015-12-11 2017-06-15 日東電工株式会社 Membrane d'évacuation d'hydrogène
WO2017104569A1 (fr) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-22 日東電工株式会社 Corps de support pour formation de film de décharge d'hydrogène, et film stratifié de décharge d'hydrogène
WO2017104570A1 (fr) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-22 日東電工株式会社 Corps de support pour formation de film de décharge d'hydrogène, et film stratifié de décharge d'hydrogène
DE102016004648A1 (de) * 2016-04-16 2017-10-19 Daimler Ag Druckentlastungsvorrichtung für ein Batteriegehäuse, Batteriegehäuse mit der Druckentlastungsvorrichtung, Batterie sowie Verfahren zur Druckentlastung einer Batterie
WO2018191302A1 (fr) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-18 Imprint Energy, Inc. Films protecteurs de cellules électrochimiques imprimées et procédés de conditionnement de cellules électrochimiques
DE102017128556A1 (de) * 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Lithium-Ionen-Zelle
DE102021121286A1 (de) 2021-08-17 2023-02-23 FRÖTEK Vermögensverwaltung GmbH Verschlussstopfen eines Akkumulators mit Flammschutz

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3558356A (en) * 1967-02-28 1971-01-26 Texas Instruments Inc Nickel-zinc battery system which is negative limited during charging thereof
US3909302A (en) * 1973-06-21 1975-09-30 Tyco Laboratories Inc Vent cap for batteries
US4717394A (en) * 1986-10-27 1988-01-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyimide gas separation membranes
IL96391A (en) * 1989-11-24 1995-05-26 Energy Conversion Devices Inc Catalytic electrode materials for hydrogen storage for use in electrochemical cells
US5215729A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-06-01 Buxbaum Robert E Composite metal membrane for hydrogen extraction
US5173376A (en) * 1991-10-28 1992-12-22 Globe-Union Inc. Metal oxide hydrogen battery having sealed cell modules with electrolyte containment and hydrogen venting
US5916704A (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-06-29 Ultralife Batteries Low pressure battery vent

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO02059990A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1568555A (zh) 2005-01-19
CN100350647C (zh) 2007-11-21
JP2005502158A (ja) 2005-01-20
WO2002059990A2 (fr) 2002-08-01
WO2002059990A3 (fr) 2004-09-23
AR031475A1 (es) 2003-09-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2002059990A2 (fr) Event de pile
JP3607612B2 (ja) ガルバニ電池およびその製造法
US6127061A (en) Catalytic air cathode for air-metal batteries
US8541135B2 (en) Current collector for catalytic electrode
US6632557B1 (en) Cathodes for metal air electrochemical cells
US20090078568A1 (en) On-demand hydrogen gas generation device having gas management system
JPS5923424B2 (ja) 空気減極電池
US20090081501A1 (en) On-demand hydrogen gas generation device
JPH10509554A (ja) 水素と酸素の内部再結合用の通気穴を有する再充電可能電気化学電池とその電池容器
EP1297584B1 (fr) Catalyseur de recombinaison de l'hydrogene
US20090042072A1 (en) On-demand hydrogen gas generation device with pressure-regulating switch
US6787008B2 (en) Hydrogen generating cell with cathode
US20090081497A1 (en) On-demand high energy density hydrogen gas generation device
US20020187391A1 (en) Anode cans for electrochemical cells
CA1149863A (fr) Pile galvanique primaire de longue duree utile
WO2000041264A1 (fr) Cellule elcetrochimique metal-air a fuites reduites
JPH08203538A (ja) ガス拡散型空気極
MXPA01006760A (en) Reduced leakage metal-air electrochemical cell

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20030616

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20041022

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20110601