EP1154024B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1154024B1 EP1154024B1 EP00108203A EP00108203A EP1154024B1 EP 1154024 B1 EP1154024 B1 EP 1154024B1 EP 00108203 A EP00108203 A EP 00108203A EP 00108203 A EP00108203 A EP 00108203A EP 1154024 B1 EP1154024 B1 EP 1154024B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpieces
- quenching
- guide ducts
- flow
- workpiece stacks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for heat treatment metallic workpieces or from several one above the other in the vertical direction arranged metal workpieces formed workpiece stack with a Cross section of the workpieces or the workpiece stack projecting. Longitudinal extent.
- the result of the heat treatment is one Change in the material structure, for example a conversion of the cubic face-centered ⁇ -lattice of carbon-rich austenite lamellas in the cubic body-centered ⁇ -lattice of ferrite lamellas.
- the treatment results are The speed at which the heated workpieces are cooled and the type of the quenching agent used for this. Find as a deterrent - after order of increasing ruggedness - primarily gas, oil or water application.
- a method as well as a treatment device for cooling high heated metal components with different mass distribution is above it also known from WO 00/18972.
- One is provided for this purpose Cooling chamber into which the metal component is to be introduced for cooling.
- the entire cooling chamber is then flooded with cooling gas, as a result of which Cooling of the metal component can be achieved.
- those areas of the cooled Metal component which have a particularly high mass distribution, from separately enclosures to be arranged.
- These housings will be as well as the cooling chamber charged with a cooling gas as a result of which it to intensify cooling of the areas surrounded by the enclosures of the component in contrast to those areas of the component that do not pass through a housing to be arranged separately is coming.
- This method is particularly to be used for Cooling of gas turbine blades, for the purpose of uniform cooling both the foot area and the head area of the gas turbine blade in each case is surrounded by a separate enclosure.
- baffles In order to control the gas flow more systematically, it is admittedly in the state of the art known to provide baffles with which, for example, also the Allow workpiece surface to be pressurized with quenching gas, otherwise in a flow shadow; Such a measure is satisfactory though not. Because in addition to the comparatively high effort, the baffles align according to the respective workpiece geometry, prevent the Baffles not that when the gas flow hits the workpieces Turbulence occurs, which is about the cooling of a batch affect neighboring workpieces and thus cause distortion.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, with which a low-warpage gas quenching can be achieved even with workpieces of climbing or stacking shape.
- the above object is the method, solved by a method for heat treatment of metal workpieces or of a plurality formed in the height direction superposed metallic workpieces workpiece stacks having a cross-section of the workpieces or the workpiece stacks superior longitudinal extension, in which, after a previous heating of the workpieces or the workpiece stacks in a quenching chamber are cooled with a quenching gas, the workpieces or the stack of workpieces in each case by means of trained guide channels which have a closed lateral surface and completely enclose the workpieces or the stack of workpieces along the flow direction of the quenching gas, with quenching gas in a flow parallel in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the Workpieces or stack of workpieces are flowed around, the quenching gas by means of a flow to the quenching chamber connected flow channel is guided in a closed flow circuit.
- Such a procedure adopts the knowledge that a low distortion cooling of the workpieces can then be achieved with quenching gas, if the individual or stacked workpieces are one batch to be cooled are separated from one another by guide channels. Because in this way a gas flow results in the guide channels flows around the entire workpiece surface parallel to the workpiece axis and Uniform cooling, unaffected by neighboring workpieces causes.
- the guide channels in the quenching chamber can be attached to the individual or stacked and previously heated workpieces be arranged to obstruct the heating of the workpieces excluded. It is particularly advantageous here that the guide channels in the Quenching chamber, for example electromotive, hydraulic or pneumatic, from one or two sides, preferably from above and / or below to approach the workpieces, so that even with limited space the Quenching chamber a handling appropriate operation is ensured.
- an apparatus for heat treatment of metal workpieces or of several superimposed in height direction arranged metallic workpieces formed workpiece stacks having a cross-section of the workpieces or the workpiece stacks superior longitudinal extension with a quenching chamber, in which the workpieces or the workpiece stacks with a Quenching gas can be cooled, and a flow channel connected to the quenching chamber in terms of flow to form a closed flow circuit for the quenching gas, guide channels, which have a closed outer surface and the workpieces or the workpiece stacks along the flow direction, are provided for targeted flow around the workpieces or workpiece stacks with quenching gas completely enclose the quenching gas to form a flow in the longitudinal direction of the workpieces or workpiece stack eat.
- the guide channels have a length the at least the height of the individual or stacked on top of each other Workpieces. Because in this way the impact of the Gas flow on the workpieces inevitable swirling of the Quench gas channeled, so that an impairment of the flow neighboring workpieces is omitted. As particularly advantageous in this regard has been found to measure the length of the guide channels so that the Height of the individual or stacked workpieces around the half the diameter or width of the workpieces is exceeded.
- the shape of the guide channels cylindrical preferably with a circular, square or polygonal cross section, or to the geometry of the Workpieces to be cooled adapted to make a simple and inexpensive production and on the other hand by a narrow distance conditional between the inner surface of the guide channels and the workpieces high gas velocity to ensure intense deterrence.
- Guide channels to connect to each other to form a channel system joint placement of the guide channels on the individual or in stacks arranged workpieces results.
- the guide channels adjustable preferably by electric motor, hydraulically or pneumatically, are arranged in the quenching chamber, for example in the form of a lowerable on the workpieces from above Canal system.
- the guide channels are advantageously interchangeable, to ensure adaptation to different workpiece geometries.
- the Quenching chamber has an inlet for the quenching gas, which seals the guide channels.
- This has the advantage that the Quench chamber supplied gas flow only in the guide channels and not past the workpiece batch or between the individual Guide channels flows. In addition, this becomes too Flow volume reduced to a minimum, with the result that a high Maintain gas velocity and thus a high quenching intensity is achieved.
- the guide channels consist of one heat-resistant material, preferably steel, iron or nickel alloys, exist, for example, before the heat treatment of the To put workpieces on them.
- the quenching chamber 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is part of a device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces 20 and for example at the end a roller hearth furnace.
- the quenching chamber 10 can be such be designed so that they both with vacuum and with atmospheric or Overpressure can be operated.
- In the quenching chamber 10 there is an after workpieces 20 carrying grate 11 to be cooled prior to heating, which is a vertical circulation of a quench gas in the quench chamber 10 allows.
- a motor 12 is used to circulate the quenching gas driven fan 13 arranged below the grate 11. Except for Quenching chamber 10 becomes the quenching gas in the direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1 and 2 shown flow direction passed through a gas channel 14.
- upper and below the quenching chamber 10 there are also flaps 15 which prevent circulation of the quenching gas until the fan 13 its has reached the necessary number of revolutions.
- Guide channels 30 provided from a heat-resistant material, the one Have closed outer surface and the workpieces 20 along the Enclose the flow direction of the quench gas.
- the guide channels 30 can through a coherent, grid-like channel system 31 be formed, in which the guide channels 30 are connected to each other, such as is shown in particular in FIGS. 3 and 3a.
- the Guide channels 30 also as individual hollow cylinders 32, 33 with, for example circular or square cross section. such Embodiments can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 4a.
- the length of the Guide channels 30 is dimensioned so that the height of the individual or to stack superimposed workpieces 20 is exceeded by the distance a, such as 3 and 4 can be seen.
- the distance a corresponds to half Diameter or width of the workpieces 20.
- the guide channels 30 can either be inserted into the workpiece 20 Quenching chamber 10 can be placed on the workpieces 20, for example already when assembling the batch, or only in the quenching chamber 10. The latter is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the as a coherent Channel system 31 formed guide channels 30 are in this case Hydraulic cylinders 34 arranged vertically adjustable in the quenching chamber 10, as indicated by the double arrow in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this way it is possible after the workpieces 20 have been introduced into the quenching chamber 10 to place the channel system 31 on the workpieces 20 from above. Around Taking into account batches with different geometry of the workpieces 20, the channel system 31 is interchangeable on the hydraulic cylinders 34 attached.
- inlet 35 In the upper part of the quenching chamber 10 there is also an inlet 35 provided that the channel system 31 relative to the interior of the Quench chamber 10 seals, so that in quench chamber 10 circulating quench gas flows exclusively through the guide channels 30 and does not flow outside of the workpiece batch.
- the device described above is particularly suitable Workpieces 20 with a climbing or towering shape, such as Shafts or stacked bearing rings, effective and free from distortion deter.
- the reason for this is that caused by the guide channels 30 high speed and laminar flow of quench gas.
- Through the height-adjustable arrangement of the channel system 31 is also a handling and process-oriented process management ensured.
- the Possibility to provide differently designed guide channels 30, and the Mainly interchangeable arrangement of the channel system 31 for this purpose an adaptation to different workpiece shapes and sizes achieved without that complex retrofitting work would be necessary.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Abschreckkammer bei einem hochgefahrenen Kanalsystem;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung der Abschreckkammer gemäß Fig. 1 bei auf Werkstücke abgesenktem Kanalsystem;
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Seitenansicht des aus miteinander verbundenen Führungskanälen bestehenden Kanalsystems gemäß Fig. 2;
- Fig. 3a
- eine schematische Draufsicht des Kanalsystems gemäß Fig. 3;
- Fig.4
- eine schematische Seitenansicht einzelner, auf die Werkstücke aufgesetzter Führungskanäle und
- Fig. 4a
- eine schematische Draufsicht der Führungskanäle gemäß Fig. 4.
- 10
- Abschreckkammer
- 11
- Rost
- 12
- Motor
- 13
- Ventilator
- 14
- Gaskanal
- 15
- Klappe
- 16
- Wärmetauscher
- 20
- Werkstück
- 30
- Führungskanal
- 31
- Kanalsystem
- 32
- Hohlzylinder
- 33
- Hohlzylinder
- 34
- Hydraulikzylinder
- 35
- Einlass
- a
- Abstand
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Werkstücken (20) oder aus mehreren in Höhenrichtung übereinander angeordneten metallischen Werkstücken gebildeten Werkstückstapeln mit einer den Querschnitt der Werkstücke (20) oder der Werkstückstapel überragenden Längserstreckung, bei dem nach einer vorherigen Erwärmung die Werkstücke (20) oder die Werkstückstapel in einer Abschreckkammer (10) mit einem Abschreckgas abgekühlt werden, wobei die Werkstücke (20) oder die Werkstückstapel jeweils mittels ausgebildeter Führungskanäle (30), die eine geschlossene Mantelfläche aufweisen und die Werkstücke (20) oder die Werkstückstapel entlang der Strömungsrichtung des Abschreckgases vollständig umschließen, gezielt mit Abschreckgas in einer Strömung parallel in Richtung der Längserstreckung der Werkstücke (20) oder Werkstückstapel umströmt werden, wobei das Abschreckgas mittels eines an die Abschreckkammer (10) strömungstechnisch angeschlossenen Strömungskanals (14) in einem geschlossenen Strömungskreislauf geführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungskanäle (30) vor dem Erwärmen über die einzelnen oder zu Stapeln aufeinander gesetzten Werkstücke (20) gestülpt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungskanäle (30) in der Abschreckkammer (10) an den einzelnen oder zu Stapeln aufeinander gesetzten und zuvor erwärmten Werkstücken (20) angeordnet werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungskanäle (30) in der Abschreckkammer (10) von einer oder zwei Seiten her, vorzugsweise von oben und/oder unten an die Werkstücke (20) oder Werkstückstapel herangefahren werden.
- Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke (20) oder aus mehreren in Höhenrichtung übereinander angeordneten metallischen Werkstücken gebildeten Werkstückstapeln mit einer den Querschnitt der Werkstücke (20) oder der Werkstückstapel überragenden Längserstreckung, mit einer Abschreckkammer (10), in der die Werkstücke (20) oder die Werkstückstapel mit einem Abschreckgas abkühlbar sind, sowie einem an die Abschreckkammer (10) strömungstechnisch angeschlossenen Strömungskanal (14) zur Ausbildung eines geschlossenen Strömungskreislaufs für das Abschreckgas, wobei zum gezielten Umströmen der Werkstücke (20) oder Werkstückstapel mit Abschreckgas jeweils Führungskanäle (30) vorgesehen sind, die eine geschlossene Mantelfläche aufweisen und die Werkstücke (20) oder die Werkstückstapel entlang der Strömungsrichtung des Abschreckgases zur Ausbildung einer Strömung in Längsrichtung der Werkstücke (20) oder Werkstückstapel vollständig umschließen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungskanäle (30) eine Länge aufweisen, die wenigstens der Höhe der einzelnen oder zu Stapeln aufeinander gesetzten Werkstücke (20) entspricht.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der Führungskanäle (30) die Höhe der einzelnen oder zu Stapeln aufeinander gesetzten Werkstücke (20) um den halben Durchmesser beziehungsweise Breite der Werkstücke (20) überragt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Form der Führungskanäle (30) zylindrisch, vorzugsweise mit kreisförmigem (32), quadratischem (33) oder polygonalem Querschnitt, oder an die Geometrie der abzukühlenden Werkstücke (20) oder Werkstückstapel angepaßt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungskanäle (30) zu einem Kanalsystem (31) miteinander verbunden sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungskanäle (30) verstellbar, vorzugsweise elektromotorisch, hydraulisch oder pneumatisch, in der Abschreckkammer (10) angeordnet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungskanäle (30) auswechselbar sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschreckkammer (10) einen Einlass (35) für das Abschreckgas aufweist, der dichtend an den Führungskanälen (30) anliegt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Führungskanäle (30) aus einem hitzebeständigen Material, vorzugsweise Stahl, Eisen- oder Nickellegierungen, bestehen.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00108203A EP1154024B1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
AT00108203T ATE262598T1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke |
ES00108203T ES2215513T3 (es) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Procedimiento y dispositivo para el tratamiento termico de piezas de trabajo metalicas. |
DE50005790T DE50005790D1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
US09/651,797 US7255829B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-08-30 | Method and apparatus for treatment of metallic workpieces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00108203A EP1154024B1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1154024A1 EP1154024A1 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
EP1154024B1 true EP1154024B1 (de) | 2004-03-24 |
Family
ID=8168477
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00108203A Expired - Lifetime EP1154024B1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7255829B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1154024B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE262598T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50005790D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2215513T3 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009000201A1 (de) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-07-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Chargiergestell sowie Abschreckvorrichtung mit Chargiergestell |
DE102009000200B3 (de) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-09-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abschreckvorrichtung sowie Abschreckverfahren |
DE102009050132A1 (de) | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | Ecm-Technologies | Abschreckvorrichtung sowie Abschreckverfahren |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10352622A1 (de) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-06-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken |
WO2005123970A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-12-29 | Narasimhan Gopinath | A process and device for hardening metal parts |
FR2917752B1 (fr) | 2007-06-22 | 2019-06-28 | Montupet Sa | Procede de traitement thermique de pieces de fonderie mettant en oeuvre une trempe a l'air et systeme pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
FR2917751B1 (fr) | 2007-06-22 | 2011-04-01 | Montupet Sa | Procede de traitement thermique de culasses en alliage a base d'aluminuim, et culasses presentant des proprietes de resistance a la fatigue ameliorees |
US9242313B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2016-01-26 | General Electric Company | Welding furnace and viewport assembly |
US10006113B2 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2018-06-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Gamma titanium dual property heat treat system and method |
WO2014130150A1 (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2014-08-28 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Wall member useful in quenching |
EP3333526B1 (de) * | 2015-09-11 | 2021-10-06 | Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd. | Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung |
US20170074589A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Ipsen Inc. | System and Method for Facilitating the Maintenance of an Industrial Furnace |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3200577A1 (de) * | 1980-07-19 | 1983-07-21 | Loi Industrieofenanlagen Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Vorrichtung zum abschrecken von haertegut |
DE3028901A1 (de) * | 1980-07-30 | 1982-02-25 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | Vorrichtung zum abschrecken von auf einem chargentraggestell gestapeltem haertegut |
DE3405244C1 (de) * | 1984-02-15 | 1985-04-11 | Aichelin GmbH, 7015 Korntal-Münchingen | Industrieofen,insbesondere Mehrkammer-Vakuumofen zur Waermebehandlung von Chargen metallischer Werkstuecke |
DE9400222U1 (de) * | 1994-01-08 | 1994-02-24 | Ipsen Industries International GmbH, 47533 Kleve | Mehrkammerofen mit kombinierter Abkühlung |
DE29603022U1 (de) * | 1996-02-21 | 1996-04-18 | Ipsen Industries International GmbH, 47533 Kleve | Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken metallischer Werkstücke |
DE19845805C1 (de) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-27 | Tacr Turbine Airfoil Coating A | Verfahren und Behandlungseinrichtung zum Abkühlen von hocherwärmten Metallbauteilen |
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 DE DE50005790T patent/DE50005790D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 AT AT00108203T patent/ATE262598T1/de active
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00108203A patent/EP1154024B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 ES ES00108203T patent/ES2215513T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-30 US US09/651,797 patent/US7255829B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009000201A1 (de) | 2009-01-14 | 2010-07-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Chargiergestell sowie Abschreckvorrichtung mit Chargiergestell |
DE102009000200B3 (de) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-09-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abschreckvorrichtung sowie Abschreckverfahren |
DE102009000201B4 (de) | 2009-01-14 | 2018-06-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Chargiergestell sowie Abschreckvorrichtung mit Chargiergestell |
DE102009050132A1 (de) | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | Ecm-Technologies | Abschreckvorrichtung sowie Abschreckverfahren |
DE102009050132B4 (de) * | 2009-10-20 | 2012-02-02 | Ecm-Technologies | Abschreckvorrichtung sowie Abschreckverfahren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50005790D1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
EP1154024A1 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
ES2215513T3 (es) | 2004-10-16 |
US7255829B1 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
ATE262598T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
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