EP0777785B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von materialbahnen, insbesondere papier- oder kartonbahnen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von materialbahnen, insbesondere papier- oder kartonbahnen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0777785B1 EP0777785B1 EP95924322A EP95924322A EP0777785B1 EP 0777785 B1 EP0777785 B1 EP 0777785B1 EP 95924322 A EP95924322 A EP 95924322A EP 95924322 A EP95924322 A EP 95924322A EP 0777785 B1 EP0777785 B1 EP 0777785B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- path
- disclosed
- concave
- web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010049040 Weight fluctuation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
- D21H5/0012—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by bringing paper into contact with an excess of fluids, the paper carrying away only a part of the fluid material, e.g. by passing through liquids, gases or vapours
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
Definitions
- Application rollers (DE-C 36 23 402) and application chambers open to the material web (EP-C 0 051 698) are known as application systems for the excess application.
- mechanical doctor elements such as doctor blades (DE-C 36 23 402), doctor rods (DE-C 30 22 955), doctor blades (EP-C 0 109 520) and so-called air knives, which strip off the excess with compressed air from a slot nozzle (DE-A 40 14 463).
- the material web is usually guided in excess when applying the coating material and by scraping off the excess around a counter roller and is thus supported by the latter over its entire width during the coating process.
- the invention is based, a generic method and a task Generic device to improve so that at very high web speeds a coating with a uniform line pattern is achieved.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that errors in the line drawing after Scraping off the excess due to unevenness of the excess film that are no longer compensated for during dosing.
- Coating at high web speeds work due to the convex, i.e. H. web guide curved towards the uncoated side between application and scraping the excess of significant centrifugal forces onto the coating material a, which are directed away from the web.
- the centrifugal forces lead to Spraying of coating material and / or to an irregularity, e.g. B. to form tension lines of the film reaching the dosing element Coating material.
- the track is concave, that is to say coated Curved side.
- the centrifugal forces thus act in the direction of the path, so that not only the negative effects listed above are avoided, but even by the centrifugal forces an equalization of the film Coating material is effected before dosing.
- Another advantage is that the negative effects of in the coating material air trapped or entrained by the web is reduced will. Air in the coating material or on the web can lead to errors in the line drawing lead to uncovered places on the end product. The one to the train Executed centrifugal forces force the air off the web before dosing away, so that it escapes or at least accumulates on the side facing away from the train Side of the excess film, which is then doctored off. The complete wetting of the web with coating material is even with air pockets guaranteed.
- FIGS 1 to 7 show in principle the invention with various orders and Dosing systems.
- FIG. 8 shows a concrete embodiment in a side view.
- All coating devices shown in the figures have an application system 1 and in the running direction of the paper or cardboard web 2 arranged behind a metering system 3 with a dosing element.
- Application system 1 uses coating color as Coating material applied in excess to the paper or cardboard web 2 and then from the dosing element of the dosing system 3 to the desired one Line weight scraped off again.
- Embodiments according to Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are roller applicators with an applicator roller 6 scooping from an ink pan 4, the roller or driven in the opposite direction to the web 2, the excess film 7 is applied thereon.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows a so-called short dwell coater a nozzle chamber 8 open towards the web 2, the coating color in excess and with increased pressure is supplied.
- the application chamber 8 is on its outlet side of the dosing element, e.g. B. a doctor knife 9, completed.
- metering systems 3 To strip off the excess film 7 to the desired coating weight also known metering systems used: In the embodiments according to Figures 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 contain the metering systems 3 a scraper 9 as Dosing element.
- the scraper knife 9 is in one with the foot to the web 2 movable back in a scraper beam 10 clamp beam 11 attached.
- the scraper knife 9 of a support bar 12 supported, which is adjustable on the top of the doctor bar 10 is attached.
- the contact pressure of the doctor knife 9 can be the web 2 by moving the scraper knife base with the clamping bar 11 set without the one set by pivoting the scraper bar 10 To change the angle between the scraper knife tip and the web 2.
- a short dwell applicator is used with a Scraper knife 9 is used to place a pre-metered excess film 7 on the web 2 to apply.
- the final dosing is done with a blade dosing system that also has a scraper knife 9 as a final metering element.
- the embodiment according to figure 5 contains a roller applicator 1 and a metering system 3 with an air knife as Dosing element.
- the air knife consists of an over the width of the web 2nd extending slot nozzle 13 which is connected to a compressed air supply. Out a jet of compressed air is directed against the excess film 7 to the slot nozzle 13 to strip off the excess to the desired coat weight.
- the path 2 up to dosing straight or only slightly convex, i. e. for the uncoated Curved side, guided, so that the positive effects of the concave web guide cannot be undone or only to a non-disturbing extent.
- a slight convex curvature can have the advantage that the Metering element 9 does not spray scraped material against the web 2. Because the concave curved section compensates for irregularities in the excess film 7, it is possible under certain circumstances, the web 2 in front of the concavely curved Leg, e.g. when applying the excess film 7, convexly curved lead without errors in the line diagram after dosing.
- FIGS 6 and 7 show two ways of realizing the concave path:
- the paper or cardboard web 2 is two guide rollers 14, 15 arranged parallel to one another at a distance. Between the Application system 1 and the metering system 3, the web 2 by means of an air guide nozzle 16 concavely curved. Compressed air from the air guide nozzle 16 is coated against Side of the web 2 passed, the web tension is set so that the sets the desired curvature.
- the outlet-side guide roller 15 also supports the Lane 2 when dosing against the contact pressure of the doctor knife 9.
- the curvature can be due to or instead of an overpressure on the coated web side the web 2 also causes a vacuum on the uncoated side will.
- Figure 7 shows the principle of a preferred embodiment, in which the coated and thus sensitive web 2 during the concave guidance of a corresponding curved guide surface is supported on the uncoated side, preferred with a circumferential support band 17. That preferably from an elastic Support belt 17 made of material is also deflected by the two deflecting the web 2 Guide rollers 14, 15 deflected. One or both idlers 14, 15 are preferred only the inlet-side idler 14 are driven. The drive only on the inlet side Guide roller 14 has the advantage that the strand 2 supporting the strand 18 under is less voltage and can therefore be curved more easily concave.
- the curvature of the strand 18 is caused by a vacuum between the two Runs and / or by an overpressure acting from the outside against the coated side causes, e.g. to that described in the embodiment according to FIG Wise.
- a circumferential support band 17 concavely curved ones can also be used mechanical guide surfaces are used against which the web 2, z. B. with compressed air, is pressed.
- FIG. 8 The coating device shown in principle in FIG. 7 is shown in FIG. 8 shown in more detail:
- the coating device has 2 frame parts on both long sides of the web 5 19, in which the two are formed as backup rollers at a distance from one another Guide rollers 14, 15, the application system 1 and the metering system 3 are suspended. Both support rollers 14, 15 are of the endless, over the working width of the Circumferential device extending support band 17 made of an elastic material.
- the support belt 17 is at the web speed of the web 2 from the support roller 14 driven, which is connected to a rotary drive, not shown.
- the application system 1 contains an application roller 6, which is wrapped around the web 2 Area against the support roller 14 is adjustable.
- the preferably co-moving to Counter roller 14, that is to say in the opposite direction of rotation, driven application roller 6 draws from a paint tray 5 and is together with this on a swivel lever 20 can be raised and lowered.
- the dispensing system 3 arranged in 15 is in principle in the explanation of FIG. 1 described.
- the scraper bar 10 with the scraper knife 9 carrying Clamping bar 11 is between two side parts 21 around the doctor knife tip hung pivotably.
- the side parts 21 themselves are with the scraper bar 10 pivoted, e.g. B. to perform a change of the doctor knife 9 to be able to.
- the of the circumference of the support rollers 14, 15 and the free strand 18 the support band 17 limited space 22 is sealed and can be subjected to negative pressure, around the desired concave curvature of the web 2 supporting To be able to adjust trums 18.
- the coated one Side of the web 2 between the applicator roller 6 and the metering element 9 with Compressed air can be applied.
- the space 23 between the application roller 6 and the metering element (scraper knife 9) with sealing elements with the exception of the Lane 2 open side sealed and connected to a compressed air supply. The Lane 2 is thus pressed without contact against the guide surface formed by the strand 18.
- the web 2 When coating, the web 2 is first of all from the inlet-side support roller 14 deflected, it lies on the outside on the support belt 17. From the application roller 6 coating color is applied in excess to the web 2, which then, from supported the strand 18 of the support band 17, concavely curved to the second Back-up roller 15 is guided.
- the scraper knife 9 is in the run-up area of the web 2 arranged on the support roller 15 so that the support roller 15 the web 2 against the Pressure of the doctor blade tip is supported before this from the support roller 15 in such a way largely convex that negative effects such as paint splashing, Stress ring formation etc. occur.
Landscapes
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
Description
Als Dosierelemente werden bekannterweise mechanische Rakelelemente wie Schabermesser (DE-C 36 23 402), Rakelstangen (DE-C 30 22 955), Rakelleisten (EP-C 0 109 520) und sogenannte Luftmesser verwendet, die den Überschuß mit Druckluft aus einer Schlitzdüse abstreifen (DE-A 40 14 463). Um höhere Produktionsgeschwindigkeiten, also höhere Bahngeschwindigkeiten, erreichen zu können, wird bei diesem bekannten Verfahren üblicherweise die Materialbahn beim Auftragen des Beschichtungsmaterials im Überschuß und beim Abrakeln des Überschusses um eine Gegenwalze geführt und ist so über ihre gesamte Breite während des Beschichtungsvorgangs von dieser abgestützt.
Claims (12)
- Verfahren zum Beschichten von Materialbahnen (2), insbesondere Papier- oder Kartonbahnen,
bei dem Beschichtungsmaterial im Überschuß auf die laufende Materialbahn (2) aufgetragen und anschließend der Überschuß bis auf das gewünschte Strichgewicht wieder abgerakelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) zwischen dem Auftragen und Abrakeln zumindest auf einer Teilstrecke so konkav gekrümmt geführt wird, daß die Achse der Krümmung parallel zur Materialbahn (2) und quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung auf der Beschichtungsseite mit Abstand von dieser verläuft. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) vom Dosieren bis zum Abrakeln konkav gekrümmt geführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) im Anschluß an die konkav gekrümmte Teilstrecke bis zum Dosieren gradlinig oder nur geringfügig konvex, i. e. zur unbeschichteten Seite hin gekrümmt, geführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) auf der konkav gekrümmten Strecke auf ihrer unbeschichteten Seite von einer entsprechend gekrümmten Leitfläche, insbesondere einem umlaufenden Stützband (17), abgestützt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) mittels Druckluft gegen die Leitfläche gedrückt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die konkave Krümmung der Materialbahn (2) mittels Unterdruck an der unbeschichteten Seite und/oder mittels Überdruck an der beschichteten Seite bewirkt wird.
- Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Materialbahnen (2), insbesondere Papier- oder Kartonbahnen,
mit einem Auftragsystem (1), das Beschichtungsmaterial im Überschuß auf die Materialbahn (2) aufträgt, und einem Dosiersystem (3) mit einem Dosierelement (9, 13), das überschüssiges Beschichtungsmaterial abrakelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) zwischen dem Auftragen und Abrakeln zumindest auf einer Teilstrecke in einer konkaven Krümmung geführt wird, bei der die Krümmungsachse parallel zur Materialbahn (2) und quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung auf der Beschichtungsseite mit Abstand von dieser verläuft. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) auf der gesamten Strecke zwischen dem Auftragsystem (1) und dem Dosierelement (9, 13) konkav gekrümmt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) im Anschluß an die konkav gekrümmte Teilstrecke bis zum Dosierelement (9, 13) gradlinig oder nur geringfügig konvex, i. e. zur unbeschichteten Seite hin gekrümmt, geführt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (2) auf der konkav geführten Teilstrecke auf ihrer unbeschichteten Seite von einer entsprechend gekrümmten Leitfläche, insbesondere einem umlaufenden Stützband (17), abgestützt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der konkav gekrümmten Teilstrecke auf der beschichteten Seite Mittel (16, 23) angeordnet sind, um die Materialbahn (2) berührungslos gegen die Leitfläche zu drücken.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der konkav gekrümmten Teilstrecke auf der unbeschichteten Seite Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Unterdrucks und/oder an der beschichteten Seite Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Überdrucks angeordnet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4429964 | 1994-08-24 | ||
DE4429964A DE4429964A1 (de) | 1994-08-24 | 1994-08-24 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Materialbahnen, insbesondere Papier- oder Kartonbahnen |
PCT/EP1995/002464 WO1996006226A1 (de) | 1994-08-24 | 1995-06-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von materialbahnen, insbesondere papier- oder kartonbahnen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0777785A1 EP0777785A1 (de) | 1997-06-11 |
EP0777785B1 true EP0777785B1 (de) | 1998-08-12 |
Family
ID=6526409
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95924322A Expired - Lifetime EP0777785B1 (de) | 1994-08-24 | 1995-06-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beschichten von materialbahnen, insbesondere papier- oder kartonbahnen |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5869143A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0777785B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2818304B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100197308B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE169701T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2887895A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2198264A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4429964A1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI107279B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996006226A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1285785B1 (it) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-06-18 | Cartiere Burgo Spa | Perfezionamenti a dispositivi per l'appicazione di patina su carta. |
DE19634448C2 (de) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-06-24 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen eines flüssigen oder pastösen Mediums auf eine laufende Materialbahn |
DE19732138A1 (de) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-01-28 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen eines flüssigen oder pastösen Mediums auf eine laufende Materialbahn |
DE19822505A1 (de) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-25 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Beschichtungsverfahren |
ATE289424T1 (de) * | 1998-10-27 | 2005-03-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Beschichtungsverfahren |
KR101931647B1 (ko) | 2017-04-27 | 2018-12-24 | 임봉학 | 골판지 코팅 장치 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1030168B (de) * | 1951-09-07 | 1958-05-14 | John Waldron Corp | Vorrichtung zum Anblasen von Werkstoff-, insbesondere von mit Farbmasse ueberzogenenPapierbahnen |
DE2012598A1 (de) * | 1970-03-17 | 1971-10-21 | Voith Gmbh J M | Glättschaber-Streicheinrichtung |
JPS49130940A (de) * | 1973-04-20 | 1974-12-16 | ||
JPS58205561A (ja) * | 1982-05-25 | 1983-11-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 塗布方法及び装置 |
DE3423251A1 (de) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-01-10 | Mathias 4815 Schloss Holte Mitter | Vorrichtung zum auftragen stroemungsfaehiger, schaumiger, pastoeser oder fluessiger medien auf substrate |
JPH0640990B2 (ja) * | 1985-11-15 | 1994-06-01 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 塗布方法 |
DE3609383C2 (de) * | 1986-03-20 | 1995-04-06 | Voith Gmbh J M | Einrichtung zur Beschichtung von laufenden Warenbahnen |
DE3633833C1 (de) * | 1986-10-04 | 1993-05-06 | Vits Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen einer fluessigen oder pastoesen Substanz auf eine Materialbahn |
JPH07114997B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-11 | 1995-12-13 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 塗布方法 |
JPH0824872B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-07 | 1996-03-13 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 塗布装置 |
JP2601367B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-20 | 1997-04-16 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 塗布方法 |
DE4014463A1 (de) * | 1990-05-07 | 1991-11-14 | Jagenberg Ag | Vorrichtung zum beschichten einer materialbahn, insbesondere einer papier- oder kartonbahn |
DE4022577C2 (de) * | 1990-07-16 | 1995-11-23 | Fibron Gmbh | Rakelvorrichtung |
JP2942938B2 (ja) * | 1992-10-20 | 1999-08-30 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 塗布方法 |
FI93665C (fi) * | 1992-11-13 | 1995-05-10 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | Menetelmä ja laitteisto paperirainan päällystämiseksi |
DE4243518C2 (de) * | 1992-12-22 | 1996-03-28 | Feldmuehle Ag Stora | Vorrichtungen zum Auftrag von Flüssigkeit auf beide Seiten einer Materialbahn und Verfahren zum Auftrag einer Flüssigkeit auf eine Materialbahn mit diesen Vorrichtungen |
JP3224113B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-20 | 2001-10-29 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 塗布方法 |
-
1994
- 1994-08-24 DE DE4429964A patent/DE4429964A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-06-24 AT AT95924322T patent/ATE169701T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-24 WO PCT/EP1995/002464 patent/WO1996006226A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-06-24 US US08/765,514 patent/US5869143A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-24 EP EP95924322A patent/EP0777785B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-24 JP JP8507719A patent/JP2818304B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-24 CA CA002198264A patent/CA2198264A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-24 KR KR1019970700463A patent/KR100197308B1/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-06-24 DE DE59503187T patent/DE59503187D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-24 AU AU28878/95A patent/AU2887895A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-02-21 FI FI970734A patent/FI107279B/fi active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI970734A (fi) | 1997-02-21 |
DE59503187D1 (de) | 1998-09-17 |
DE4429964A1 (de) | 1996-02-29 |
AU2887895A (en) | 1996-03-14 |
KR970704943A (ko) | 1997-09-06 |
WO1996006226A1 (de) | 1996-02-29 |
KR100197308B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
CA2198264A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
ATE169701T1 (de) | 1998-08-15 |
FI107279B (fi) | 2001-06-29 |
JP2818304B2 (ja) | 1998-10-30 |
US5869143A (en) | 1999-02-09 |
JPH10500358A (ja) | 1998-01-13 |
FI970734A0 (fi) | 1997-02-21 |
EP0777785A1 (de) | 1997-06-11 |
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