EP0665341A1 - Accomodation unit and method for manufacturing as well as floor frame therefore - Google Patents

Abstract

The living unit (1) has at least one inner room (5) defined by a floor (2), outer walls (3) and a roof (4). The structural assembly groups (2-4) of the living unit correspond to the requirements of house building technique and are connected to each other in a highly loadable manner. The floor has a floor frame with at least two parallel bearers running in the longitudinal direction, and are partic. formed as double T-bearers or box profiles of steel. At least two cross bearers are provided. The outer walls (3) have an inner highly loadable support framework. Outer wall components in shingle structure and/or inner wall components of plaster cardboard plates are provided.

Description

The invention relates to a residential unit with at least one interior space delimited by structural assemblies, namely a floor, outer walls and a roof, whether this is always transportable or transportable, but can be arranged stationary after a single construction, a method for producing such a residential unit or a part (Section) of such a residential unit and finally a floor frame for use in such processes.

For a long time, residential units have been known as so-called prefabricated houses, prefabricated houses have structural assemblies in building statics, which are usually built and assembled on the building site on a cast basement ceiling, possibly also on a foundation plate or a strip foundation. The structural assemblies are initially the outer walls and inner walls, which in prefabricated house construction are each made up of individual, prefabricated, mostly plate-like wall sections, which are provided with window or door openings where necessary. The plate-like wall sections also have mostly prepared channels for later installations (sanitary, heating, electrical).

In prefabricated houses, only the wall sections are industrially prefabricated. Otherwise, a prefabricated house must be built like a normal house on site, where the trades must work, in particular the roofers, tilers, installers and painters. The wall sections are set at the construction site in threshold wood that is grooved and placed on the concrete slab (basement ceiling). They are often connected separately with the sleepers, and they are also firmly connected to each other and connected to each other and fixed against each other by means of a purlin that runs around the top and which supports a floor ceiling or the roof.

Basically, prefabricated houses are houses built on site, which are manufactured in a section of the shell with prefabricated components. Because of the design of the foundation frame on sleepers, they also regularly require a continuous foundation.

In contrast, portable residential units are known as so-called mobile homes (e.g. DE - U - 93 08 017). Basically, transportable residential units are known in two different versions, namely as transportable on flatbed trucks Residential container or as self-propelled residential units with the help of a corresponding tractor. In general, a portable housing unit has the advantage that such a portable housing unit can be quickly set up at almost any location and also quickly removed from the respective installation location, as a result of which the user of such a portable housing unit has a high degree of mobile flexibility and at the same time - in spite of a change of location, perhaps several times, you can enjoy "feeling at home in your four walls".

Although the portable residential units known from practice sometimes have outer walls of considerable thickness (140 mm), experience has shown that the soundproofing of the outer walls is not even optimal even with this thickness. The statics of the previously known portable residential units are also designed for provisional or at least non-permanent use. As general state of the art, reference may be made to US Pat. No. 2,296,413 as well as to US Pat. No. 3,505,767.

To date, there are no prefabricated, basically portable residential units that are firmly anchored at the installation site and can be recognized as prefabricated houses and withstand a type test.

The invention has for its object to provide a residential unit that, be it as a portable or stationary on-site residential unit, the requirements that are usually placed on a prefabricated house, a method for producing such a residential unit, and the degree of prefabrication both to increase transportable residential units as well as in the construction for prefabricated houses with plate-like wall sections as far as possible.

In general, so-called "expansion houses" are becoming increasingly popular. Fitting houses are residential units that are expanded in the interior for heating, sanitary, flooring, painting, etc. by the owner himself or by his own entrepreneurs. The prerequisites for the realization of an "expansion house" also in the context of the previously described portable residential units is of considerable interest. The design of the method and the residential unit according to the invention should also take into account the special requirements for an expansion house.

The object outlined above is first achieved by a residential unit with the features of claim 1. Preferred refinements and developments are initially the subject of claims 2 to 8. The floor frame of claim 2 is of particular importance, in particular if, as explained in claim 3, a torsionally rigid overall structure is formed from the outer walls and floor frame.

A particularly interesting method for producing a residential unit is the subject of claim 9. Such a residential unit can be prefabricated, but is ultimately recognized as a prefabricated house.

A production method which is particularly suitable for residential units of the type in question in general, but in particular also for a prefabricated house in the classic sense, is the subject of claims 12 ff.

The foundation frame of the classic prefabricated house consisting of the grooved sleepers, which are screwed or otherwise fastened to the installation site on the basement ceiling or the other foundation, is replaced according to the invention by a prefabricated floor frame which is matched to the dimensions of a transport vehicle. This floor frame is basically designed like a mobile home that has already been mentioned (DE - U - 93 08 017). The floor frame can, however, be specially designed to the extent that it can be prepared to accommodate the lower edges of the plate-like wall sections typical of prefabricated houses. This has consequences for the profiles of the floor frame used and for the intended dimensions. One has to take into account in particular that one also likes to realize a corresponding squared timber as a purlin for the wall sections. In addition, the torsional rigidity of the floor frame must be greater. In contrast to the grown timber-frame construction of a mobile home, which represents a largely torsion-resistant construction that is stabilized by the frame and in turn stabilizes the floor frame, the prefabricated plate-like wall sections of the typical prefabricated house construction make little contribution to the torsional rigidity of the prefabricated house section. This must therefore also be realized by the floor frame, which is much more torsion-resistant than the classic one Mobile home construction must be. In addition, the existing weights of the plate-like wall sections are usually also larger than the corresponding areas in the timber frame construction of the mobile home construction.

Another idea in the method according to the invention is to take larger dimensions of residential units (prefabricated houses) into account appropriately. This is done according to the method according to the invention simply by assembling the previous foundation frame, which is built from individual sleepers only at the place of installation, here at the place of manufacture, that is to say in the factory, from a few complete floor frames. The floor frames with the built-up wall sections are then brought individually to the installation site in the manner of a mobile home and put together there again to form the complete foundation frame. In other words, the ground floor of the residential unit is then composed of individual prefabricated house sections each with the base area of a floor frame at the manufacturing site.

Particularly preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of further subclaims. Of particular importance here is the design of the floor frame or the floor frame with its own undercarriage according to claim 17. This allows the movement of the floor frame even with walls or wall sections already installed not only at the place of manufacture for production purposes (from production section to production section), but also later also a particularly simple procedure at the installation site up to the respective final location.

It has previously been pointed out that the torsional rigidity of the prefabricated house section requires considerable attention, particularly during transport. For transport, it may therefore be advisable to use additional support cross members and upper cross members according to claim 18. The outer areas are then additionally intercepted at the ends for transport. Preferred configurations are described in the further subclaims.

Finally, it is possible to use a clever procedure to prepare the loft conversion of a one and a half-story residential unit. Due to the consideration that the height of the residential unit section is not critical for the transport, since clearance heights leave plenty of space in transport, the roof gables or roof gable parts can be attached to the upper edge of a housing unit section to be transported in any case in accordance with claim 22. They are then folded down on the ceiling of the residential unit section and held up to the installation location, where they are folded up and locked. This means that another prefabrication section has been realized.

The considerable advantages of the method according to the invention are obvious. In prefabricated house construction, this is the first time that real sections of a prefabricated house are actually prefabricated industrially, i.e. at the place of manufacture in the factory. This is irrespective of whether you work in classic prefabricated house technology or in timber-frame technology. This enables constant quality control during the construction period, and very simple coordination of the individual trades can be achieved.

It is Z. B. conceivable that the production standard ISO 9000 is also implemented in prefabricated houses, which is systematically impossible in classic prefabricated houses. The prepared construction of the residential unit sections at the place of manufacture is completely independent of the weather. Because of the extensive completion of the individual residential unit sections, the construction of the residential unit sections according to the invention on site is largely independent of the weather. Experiments have shown that a single-storey bungalow can be prefabricated from individual sections using the method according to the invention and can be set up ready for occupancy within one day. Since the ground floor is largely completely finished using the method according to the invention, a one and a half-storey residential unit can also be completely completed in a few days, at most in a week.

As can be seen from one of the subordinate claims, the method according to the invention becomes particularly important when all technical installation work such as plumbing, heating and electrical work on the walls and on the floor frame or foundation frame is already carried out in the factory. It is interesting that one gets away from the previously required use of individual trades at the installation site of the residential unit. This enables concentrated production in foreign countries working with cheaper labor. One is not dependent on local handicraft companies at the place of installation, since practically all work of the trades except for a few final work is carried out at the place of manufacture. With a lineup one can also implement a prefabricated house at very short notice at any location with virtually no involvement of local trades.

The foundation frame realized according to the invention, which usually consists of several floor frames that are matched to the dimensions of a transport vehicle, can be anchored to the foundation in different ways, so that different practical requirements can also be met. It is important that the floor frames specified by the factory place significantly lower demands on the design of the foundation. A few support points are sometimes sufficient.

Claim 23 ff. Further describes a method with which a residential unit of the type in question can be set up very quickly, easily and flexibly.

The method explained above has proven itself per se, but with the method according to the invention you gain even more flexibility and the construction time is further reduced considerably. By producing the foundation with prepared receiving channels for the necessary beams in accordance with the template matched to the foundation frame, the prefabricated housing unit, be it completely prefabricated or only prepared as an extension house in the basic structures, can be easily placed in the final position on the foundation. The floor frame is already on the top of the foundation as intended, and it can be anchored in the foundation by dowelling external support brackets at predrilled locations in the foundation. The beams lying in the receiving channels can be cast in it, so that the desired anchoring is obtained.

This template technique for a method of the type in question represents a revolutionary novelty that offers a variety of design options.

The above-described procedure with carriers remaining in the receiving channels can be used in particular where an industrially prefabricated residential unit with an essentially closed floor has been delivered to the installation site becomes. This residential unit has already been completely expanded in the factory from the supply lines.

Wherever a residential unit is not yet completely prefabricated, but in any case works with an open floor, a further considerable advantage can be realized with the process technology according to the invention. If, in fact, the floor frame rests on the top of the foundation and the brackets lie in the receiving channels with some play, i.e. the receiving channels are cut a little wider and deeper than is actually required, then once the housing unit has been set up, you can use the foundation made according to the template remove the supports from the receiving channels and use them again later. To do this, it is only necessary to connect the supports then lying in the receiving channels with screw connections to the rest of the floor frame, that is, to provide no welded connections here. Calculations have shown that you can save almost several thousand DM in a medium-sized house because you can reuse the steel beams.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Wohneinheit in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Fig. 2

den Bodenbereich einer Wohneinheit gemäß Fig. 1, teilweise weggebrochen, in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Fig. 3

den Aufbau einer Außenwand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Wohneinheit in einer - schnittähnlichen - schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt durch den Bodenbereich in der Darstellung aus Fig. 2 entlang der Linie IV-IV,

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt durch den Bodenbereich in der Darstellung aus Fig. 2 entlang der Linie V-V,

Fig. 6

in perspektivischer Ansicht das Innere einer weiteren nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorbereiteten Wohneinheit (Fertighaus),

Fig. 7

in perspektivischer Ansicht einen Wohneinheitsabschnitt vorbereitet zum Abtransport,

Fig. 8

in einer Ansicht von der Stirnseite her zwei nebeneinander stehende Wohneinheitsabschnitte mit schon vorbereiteter Dachkonstruktion,

Fig. 9

die beiden Wohneinheitsabschnitte aus Fig. 8 in einem davor liegenden Stadium der Aufstellung am Aufstellungsort,

Fig. 10

in perspektivischer Ansicht das Innere einer weiteren nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorbereiteten Wohneinheit,

Fig. 11

das Fundament der Wohneinheit aus Fig. 10 in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 12

einen Schnitt durch das Fundament in Fig. 11 entlang der Linie XII-XII,

Fig. 13

in perspektivischer Ansicht ein am Herstellungsort befindliches Herstellungs-Fundament mit seitlich anstellbaren Wand-Schablonen,

Fig. 14

drei Giebel-Schablonen für unterschiedliche Dachformen einer erfindungsgemäßen Wohneinheit und

Fig. 15

den schematischen Aufbau einer Produktionsanlage für erfindungsgemäße Wohneinheiten.

More detailed explanations of the invention can be found in the following explanation of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1

a housing unit according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 2

1, partially broken away, in a perspective view,

Fig. 3

the construction of an outer wall of a preferred embodiment of a residential unit according to the invention in a - sectional-like - schematic representation,

Fig. 4

3 shows a section through the floor area in the illustration from FIG. 2 along the line IV-IV,

Fig. 5

3 shows a section through the floor area in the illustration from FIG. 2 along the line VV,

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the interior of another residential unit (prefabricated house) prepared by a method according to the invention,

Fig. 7

a perspective view of a residential unit section prepared for removal,

Fig. 8

in a view from the front side two adjacent residential unit sections with already prepared roof construction,

Fig. 9

8 the two residential unit sections from FIG. 8 in a preceding stage of installation at the installation site,

Fig. 10

a perspective view of the interior of another residential unit prepared by a method according to the invention,

Fig. 11

10 the foundation of the residential unit from FIG. 10 in a plan view,

Fig. 12

11 shows a section through the foundation in FIG. 11 along the line XII-XII,

Fig. 13

a perspective view of a manufacturing foundation located at the manufacturing site with laterally adjustable wall templates,

Fig. 14

three gable stencils for different roof shapes of a housing unit according to the invention and

Fig. 15

the schematic structure of a production plant for residential units according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows the smallest size of a residential unit 1 with a flat roof. Larger residential units composed of several elements are probably the rule. Saddle roof designs are also proposed. The residential unit 1 initially has a floor 2, which is only indicated here, a plurality of outer walls 3 and a roof 4, which delimit an interior space 5 which cannot be recognized in more detail and which is only identified by the reference number and which in turn can be divided into itself. The windows 6 arranged in the outer walls 3, one in the entrance area, are clearly visible Entrance door 7, a canopy 8 and an entrance platform 9 arranged approximately in the middle of the outer wall 3.

It is now essential that the previously described structural assemblies of the residential unit 1 as a whole are designed in accordance with the requirements for a building automation and are connected to one another in a correspondingly highly resilient manner. Here, a home building statics, which has not previously been realized for mobile homes, is realized in the constructive design of the structural assemblies of the residential unit 1. This creates the opportunity not only to meet high quality requirements, particularly as regards noise insulation and "solid impression" of the residential unit 1, but also to subject this residential unit 1 as a prefabricated house to a type test, which then enables the use of the residential unit 1 as a prefabricated house. This in turn has considerable advantages in terms of financing for the client.

Fig. 2 shows first that the floor 2 of the residential unit 1 has a floor frame 10 with at least two parallel longitudinal beams 11, in particular designed as a double-T beam or box girder made of steel, and at least two transverse beams 12 extending transversely thereto designed, has. In Fig. 2 it is indicated that this residential unit 1 is in principle a transportable residential unit 1, namely that at least four chassis elements 13, each provided with an impeller, are provided, which are fastened to the floor frame 10 by means of easily detachable connecting elements 14, but without the floor frame 10 are removable. For this purpose, each undercarriage element 13 has a U-profile, which comprises the corresponding longitudinal member 11 from below and carries the connecting elements 14.

Fig. 3 shows the preferred construction of the outer walls 3 here. It is shown that the outer walls are equipped with an inner, heavy-duty support framework 15 and, according to preferred teaching and in the exemplary embodiment shown here, with outer wall elements 16 in shingle construction. Fig. 3 shows from the outside inwards first the shingled outer wall elements 16 and an inner wall element 17 facing the inner space 5. This is designed as a plasterboard, which has considerable building physiological and fire protection advantages and corresponds to normal fixed-house construction. The outer wall elements 16 are almost uncoupled from the inner wall element 17 in terms of vibration technology, namely via at least one vibration-damping element 18.

The shingle construction of the outer wall elements 16 has the advantage that the individual outer wall elements 16 are not mechanically connected to one another. As a result, vibration of the outer wall 3 is prevented as a whole. The outer wall elements 16 are located here, behind a plastic film 19 which acts as a wind barrier, on support elements 20 which are designed as roof battens and which are attached to the supporting framework 15. The supporting framework 15 consists of squared timbers, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are arranged vertically at a distance of approximately 1.3 m from one another and are stiffened by diagonally running supporting framework elements. The torsional stiffness of the supporting framework 15 not only leads to the desired structural design, but also allows the use of the said plasterboard regardless of the transport load on the overall arrangement. As indicated, mineral wool is provided in the spaces between the supporting framework 15. The mineral wool is provided on one side with an aluminum liner 21 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, serves to fasten the mineral wool to the supporting framework 15. The vibration-damping elements 18 are arranged on the side of the supporting framework 15 pointing in the direction of the interior. However, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner wall element 17 is not arranged directly on the vibration-damping elements 18, but further support elements 22 designed as form boards are provided in between. According to preferred teaching, the vibration-damping elements 18 are designed as strips of rubber or a rubber / plastic mixture. Foam rubber shows particularly good sound insulation effects in terms of porosity and density.

Measurements have shown that the above-described construction of an outer wall 3 ensures good heat and sound insulation, namely the outer wall 3 thus constructed has a standard sound level difference of over 37 dB and an average heat transfer coefficient of over 0.46 W / m²K. When using solid multiple glazing, the values are even higher.

The individual “layers” of the structure of the outer wall 3 shown in FIG. 3 can be made using the usual means known in the prior art, such as screws, Nails or glue are connected accordingly. Depending on the type of construction of the outer wall, this is at the discretion of the average specialist.

It is not further shown that the roof 4 of the residential unit 1 can be designed, for example, as a conventional wooden rafter construction. What is essential is a circumferential, as a self-contained ring anchor designed purlin of the roof 4, which allows a free choice when attaching the rest of the roof structure and z. B. also allows the use of a saddle roof.

Fig. 2 indicates, in connection with Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 a little more clearly, that according to a particularly preferred teaching of the invention, the residential unit 1 can practically become a fixed prefabricated house, namely here that the floor 2 and the longitudinal beams 11th of the floor frame 10 embedding concrete slab 23 with overlying thermal insulation 24 and, preferably, overlying floating screed 25. With the concrete slab 32 practically embedding the floor frame 10 at the installation site, the residential unit 1 can be arranged in a stable, stable manner and thus becomes a “prefabricated house”. It is logical that a floating floor, parquet or a tile covering is then to be applied to the floating screed 25 in the event of further interior work to be carried out.

Fig. 2 also makes it clear that the inner walls 27 indicated here are arranged on the base frame 10 on appropriately fitting in the longitudinal and transverse directions, possibly also obliquely and possibly also only in sections. It can also be seen that these support elements 28 are designed here as steel L-profiles.

• a) Am Aufstellungsort wird ein Fundament 29, insbesondere in Form einer Kellerdecke oder eines Streifenfundaments vorbereitet.
• b) Die Wohneinheit 1 wird insgesamt auf dem Bodenrahmen 10 komplett aufgebaut, der Bodenrahmen 10 bleibt in seinen Innenflächen jedoch offen.
• c) Die Wohneinheit 1 wird so vorgefertigt zum Aufstellungsort transportiert und dort mit dem Bodenrahmen 10 auf dem Fundament 29 abgestellt.
• d) Der Bodenrahmen 10 wird randseitig zwischen dem Fundament 29 und dem unteren Rand der Außenwände 3 eingeschalt oder die entsprechend weit nach unten reichenden Außenwände 3 werden gegenüber dem Fundament 29 randseitig abgedichtet.
• e) Die Innenflächen des Bodenrahmens 10 werden mit Beton od. dgl. bis zu einer für eine anschließende Aufbringung von Wärmedämmschicht 24 und gegebenenfalls Estrich 25 ausreichenden Höhe aufgefüllt, so daß sich eine glatte Betonplatte 23 oder dergleichen Einbettungsplatte mit den eingelassenen Längsträgern 11 des Bodenrahmens 10 ergibt.
• f) Auf die Betonplatte 23 werden die Wärmedämmschicht 24, gegebenenfalls der schwimmende Estrich 25 und gegebenenfalls ein weiterer Bodenbelag aufgebracht.

Finally, of particular importance is a method for producing a residential unit according to claim 6, which is characterized by the following method steps:

• a) A foundation 29 is prepared at the installation site, in particular in the form of a basement ceiling or a strip foundation.
• b) The residential unit 1 is built completely on the floor frame 10, but the floor frame 10 remains open in its inner surfaces.
• c) The prefabricated unit 1 is transported prefabricated to the installation site and placed there on the foundation 29 with the floor frame 10.
• d) The bottom frame 10 is formed on the edge between the foundation 29 and the lower edge of the outer walls 3, or the correspondingly far downward outer walls 3 are sealed on the edge 29 against the foundation 29.
• e) The inner surfaces of the floor frame 10 are filled with concrete or the like up to a sufficient height for a subsequent application of thermal insulation layer 24 and possibly screed 25, so that a smooth concrete slab 23 or similar embedding plate with the embedded side members 11 of the floor frame 10 results.
• f) The thermal insulation layer 24, optionally the floating screed 25 and optionally another floor covering are applied to the concrete slab 23.

These process steps and the resulting structure can be seen particularly well from FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 of the drawing. Fig. 2 shows that the residential unit 1 on its own, releasably attached to the floor frame 10 chassis elements 13, which have been explained in detail above, has been transported to the installation site, where the chassis elements 13 have been dismantled (therefore only dash-dotted in Fig. 2 indicated). The residential unit 1 is thus with the side members 11 of the floor frame 10 on the foundation 29, on which the floor frame 10 is then anchored by the cast concrete plate 23. 4 shows the grown soil 30, an ash layer 31 located thereon and then the concrete slab 23 above it. The foundation 29 is a strip foundation here.

The last method presented, in conjunction with the building construction statics of residential unit 1, which, as a transportable residential unit, initially resembles a mobile home, turns it into a fully-fledged prefabricated house that, based on solid foundations, guarantees living comfort for decades.

In principle, a somewhat modified manufacturing technique is also possible, which in principle uses the process steps described above, but is modified, characterized in that in process step b) the floor frame is also provided with a normal floor structure including a thermal barrier coating, but preferably, in the floor structure, with closure elements, In particular, openings closed with inspection caps are provided and that in process step e) the concrete or the like is washed in from the side under the floor structure and / or is filled in through the openings in the floor structure and thus embeds the floor frame.

The advantage of a residential unit 1 realized as a mobile home has been explained in detail above. It is primarily about the manufacturing advantages of industrial production and the portability over long distances. According to the invention, this concept can also be implemented in such a way that at the end of the installation site there is a house equivalent to a prefabricated house, in a timber-frame construction with a floor frame, but firmly anchored, in particular cast, on a foundation.

The system of mobile home construction explained above can in principle also be implemented in original prefabricated house construction if it is adapted to it in an inventive manner. The following explanations therefore apply in particular to a prefabricated house, but the method steps can be used in a similar manner in the case of a residential unit or a residential unit section with walls in a timber-frame construction.

6 gives a view of the interior of a prefabricated prefabricated house which is still at the place of manufacture and which is designed in an inventive manner.

There is a foundation frame 32 and outer walls 3 and inner walls 27 attached to it, which are closed at the upper edge by a circumferential purlin 33, which may also consist of individual sections, and are partially connected to one another. The purlin 33 serves to support the roof 4 in a flat roof according to FIG. 1 or to carry a floor ceiling 34 (shown in FIG. 6), if one starts from a rather usual one and a half-storey prefabricated house. The beam construction of the floor ceiling 34 can be seen here in FIG. 6.

As is customary in prefabricated house construction, the outer walls 3 and the inner walls 27 here consist of individual, prefabricated, plate-like wall sections, optionally provided with the openings 36 for windows 6 or door 7.

6 that the foundation frame 32 here and according to preferred teaching consists of two or more prefabricated floor frames 10, each of which is matched to the dimensions of a transport vehicle, is essential. Each floor frame 10 consists of the already described side members 11 and cross members 12 and possibly additional support elements 28. The explanations for the chassis elements 13 also apply here, which can be easily attached to the corresponding side members 11 by means of easily detachable connecting elements 14 and easily removed again. They can be adjusted lengthways to suit different expansion stages and loads.

As shown in FIG. 6, the wall sections 35 are built and anchored at the place of manufacture on the floor frame 10 and directly connected to one another at the upper edge and by means of the purlin 33 or various purlins 33, which are provided here in individual sections. The prefabricated residential unit sections are later transported to the installation site, placed on the foundation there and firmly connected (screwed) to the foundation and to one another. If necessary, you can also do without a purlin.

It is interesting here that the individual floor frames 10, here two floor frames 10 can be seen, are first connected (screwed) together at the place of manufacture, that is to say in the factory. To this end, welded, plate-like screw carrier 37 can be seen on the outer longitudinal members 11 (L-angle iron), which simultaneously serve to receive the lower edges of the wall sections 35. The screw carrier 37, which can be seen in the rear area in FIG screwed together during the manufacture of the residential unit sections. Only after the complete construction of the outer walls 3 and inner walls 27 are these connections for transport to the installation site released again, so that the individual residential unit sections can be transported as intended.

It also applies that the installations (plumbing, heating, electrical) are carried out as far as possible in a particularly advantageous manner at the place of manufacture in the floor frame 10 and in the wall sections 35 or walls 3, 27. In principle, it is easily possible to carry out the wall processing by wallpapering etc. as far as possible. Then only the transitions between the residential unit sections need to be completed professionally at the place of manufacture.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 has a still open floor frame 10. This corresponds to the manufacturing technique in which the floor frames 10 are prepared at the manufacturing site for later installation of a floor substructure at the installation site.

Alternatively, it is of course also possible that the floor frames 10 are provided with a closed floor, preferably with dry screed, at the place of manufacture. In this way, the complete preparation of the residential unit sections, also on the floor, has already been carried out in the factory.

Fig. 6 makes it clear that here in a manner known per se from prefabricated house work with purlins 38 for the lower edges of the wall sections 35. The wall sections 35 are fastened to these purlins 38, the edge-side or inner beams of the floor frames 10 have a corresponding shape (a corresponding cross section), so that corresponding purlins 38 and the lower edges of the wall sections 35 can be received and fixed here. The advantages of the chassis elements 13 on the floor frame 10 have already been discussed.

In the general part of the description, the importance of the torsional rigidity of the floor frame 10 has already been pointed out. When used with prefabricated wall sections 14, this should be largely torsion-resistant. For this purpose, additional stiffening struts 39 can be seen in various places in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6. These are provided here in particular for relining the cross members 12. The essential or at least a substantial part of the torsional rigidity of an entire prefabricated house section is thus provided by the floor frame 10 in the construction according to the invention.

7 shows a special procedural concept for the transport of a residential unit section to the installation site. It can be seen here that additional external forces are absorbed on the narrow sides of the residential unit section. To transport a prefabricated residential unit section, a supporting cross member 40 is arranged near each of the two narrow sides under the floor frame 10 and fastened to the floor frame 10. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this takes place in that the supporting cross member 40 is arranged on the narrow outside of the undercarriage element 13 located in each case. As a result, the support cross member 40 cannot move inwards, towards the center of the residential unit section. The two support cross members 40 are dimensioned in length so that project laterally under the floor frame 10 on both long sides. An upper cross member 41, which projects laterally in the same way, is arranged approximately in the middle between the support cross members 40 on the upper side of the residential unit section. Each of the support cross members 40 is connected to the upper cross member 41 via a connecting and power transmission element 42. In the exemplary embodiment shown, these connecting and force transmission elements 42 can be seen as threaded rods, each articulated on the cross member 40, 41, which can be adjusted in length, by means of conventional screw clamping sleeves 43 (counter-rotating threads). Finally, one can see in FIG. 7 at the upper cross member 41 at the upper edge of the housing unit section in each case a force distribution member 44, in particular in the form of an angle iron.

By bracing the support crossmember 40 with the upper crossmember 41, bending forces which act downwards on the outside are absorbed and returned to the center of the residential unit section. This is particularly important if there are areas of the house construction that are heavily loaded by weight, for example a bathroom, in the end areas of the residential unit section. It is also not without intention that the upper cross member 40 is located in the area of the entrance door 7. The verticals there absorb the forces occurring particularly well.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a mobile crane would engage in the middle between the two supporting cross members 40 for transport to the production site, so that the upper cross member 41 would lie between the points of attack of the mobile crane.

For optimum rigidity of the cross members 40, 41 which absorb high forces, in the exemplary embodiment shown these are designed as U-shaped bars with welded-in cross bars.

The torsional rigidity of the floor frame 10 has the advantage already mentioned in the general part of the description that there is extensive freedom for the foundation, namely a few support points are sometimes sufficient. Specifically, this means that, for example, the foundation at the installation location could essentially only be constructed from foundation posts arranged in the corner points of the residential unit sections. So you don't even need a strip foundation, just fixed points in the corners of the sections and possibly intermediate fixed points of the foundation in the middle. This also allows the construction times to be shortened considerably and in some cases can save a lot of money if a basement is not used.

8 and 9 illustrate a further variant of the method according to the invention, which is characterized in that a wooden truss roof gable or roof gable part 45 is attached to each narrow side by means of a folding joint 46 at the upper edge of the housing unit section, that is to say in particular on a purlin 33 becomes. As FIG. 8 makes clear in comparison with FIG. 9, the roof gable part 45 is folded down for transport onto the floor ceiling 34 of the section and folded up into the standing position at the installation location and locked therein. A further prefabrication stage of the method according to the invention is thus achieved. Even with a one-and-a-half storey extension, a large part of the roof can be prefabricated at the manufacturing site. At the installation site, the roof gable consisting of the two roof gable parts 45 is erected on the sections located next to one another (FIG. 8), which requires only a few manipulations. Then the usual roof rafter construction, which can also consist of prefabricated frame parts as shown, is built up.

Fig. 6 shows two sections next to each other, connected to each other in the manufacturing plant for further completion (screwed), which then later on individually Transport vehicles are transported to the installation site and can be assembled there in the shortest possible time and anchored on the foundation. It is interesting that even in the classic prefabricated construction system one works with corresponding plate-like wall sections 35 of the prefabricated house construction, but realizes a modern industrial construction technology of the mobile home construction.

With classic wall sections of 1.25 m wide or half the width of 0.625 m, three wall sections can be placed side by side on the width of a conventional transport vehicle (3.75 m) (usual section height 2.70 m, usual wall thickness of the wall sections of the prefabricated house construction approx . 210 mm).

For the prefabricated house construction at different prefabricated house manufacturers, the floor frame according to the invention can also be realized separately as a supplier part, provided with the necessary receptacles for the usual prefabricated house wall sections or the required purlins.

The manufacturing method according to the invention can be further optimized if the industrial manufacturing at the manufacturing site is combined with optimized technology at the installation site and the special features of an expansion house are taken into account appropriately.

Fig. 10 shows the interior of a housing unit 1 manufactured and to be built according to the manufacturing method according to the invention. In the finished state, this housing unit 1 has a foundation frame 32 fastened to a foundation 29 on a grown floor 30 and outer walls 3 and inner walls 27 built thereon with indicated window cutouts 36 illustrated and in this respect preferred embodiment, the outer walls 3 and inner walls 27 are designed in a half-timbered construction and form a torsion-resistant overall structure with the foundation frame 32. This corresponds to the preferred design of this residential unit, since this torsionally rigid overall structure is of course particularly expedient in terms of transport technology. In principle, however, this teaching of the invention also applies to residential units in the manner of a prefabricated house, in which the outer walls and inner walls consist of individual prefabricated, mostly plate-like wall sections, as explained in detail above.

In the illustrated embodiment, purlins 33 can be seen for the roof or for a floor ceiling 34, shown here as a beam ceiling frame. The purlins 33 close off the outer walls 3 and inner walls 27 at least in certain sections.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 11 shows a special embodiment with a foundation frame 32 in larger dimensions that exceed the usual dimensions of a transport vehicle. For this purpose, it is provided here that the foundation frame 32 consists of several prefabricated floor frames 10 which are matched to the external dimensions of a transport vehicle. The floor frame 10 itself consists, as shown, of at least two parallel longitudinal beams 11, which here and according to preferred teaching are designed as double beams made of steel (box girders would also be an alternative), and at least two transverse to them Cross members 12, which are designed accordingly. You can also see plate-like screw carrier 37 on the outer side members 11 (designed here as an L-angle iron), which also serve to accommodate the lower edges of the outer walls 5. The adjoining floor frames 10 are connected to one another via the screw carrier 37 and possibly also later screwed to the foundation 29. Additional stiffening struts 39 run obliquely from the main longitudinal beams 11 designed as T-beams to the cross beams 12 lying above them, which are also L-profile beams and will partially accommodate the lower edges of inner walls 27.

In any case, the outer walls 3 and preferably also the inner walls 27 are built up on the floor frame 10 at the place of manufacture and anchored thereon. In this respect, everything is as already described.

It is now essentially new for this method that the foundation 29 is produced at the installation site according to a template which is matched to the foundation frame 37 and which generates at least receiving channels 47 for the longitudinal beams 11 of the floor frame 10. The advantages of the method with a foundation 29 produced according to a template, which takes into account the beams of the foundation frame 32 through receiving channels 47, have been explained in the general part of the description; reference may be made to this.

Usually, residential units 1 of the type in question are transported to the installation site by means of flat bed trailers, where they are raised by means of a mobile crane and placed on the foundation 29. In the exemplary embodiment shown, at least two supporting cross members 40, on which crane hooks can engage, are arranged for transportation under the floor frame 10. The end of the cross-member 40 designed as a double-T beam, to which a gripping claw of a crane hook can be attached outside the outline of the housing unit 1, can be seen in FIG. 10 on the left. This concept needs to be taken into account in the template for the foundation 29, which must produce receiving channels 48 for the supporting cross members 40, which are set even lower. The illustration in FIG. 1 in conjunction with the illustration in FIGS. 11 and 12 clearly shows the lower-lying receiving channels 48 for the support cross members 40.

The general part of the description has explained how the residential unit 1 can be anchored on the foundation 29 (screwing, casting in the receiving channels 47, 48). This initially striking and convincing construction technique leads to the loss of side members 11, possibly cross members 12 and support cross members 40. This is a very considerable cost factor.

In the manufacture and construction of a residential unit 1, which leaves the floor frame 10 accessible even after installation on the foundation 29, in particular thus does not have a closed floor, one can work so that the floor frame 10 rests on the top of the foundation 29 and the longitudinal beams 11 or the support crossmember 40, possibly also the crossmember 12, are located in the receiving channels 47 or 48 with play, that, if present, the support crossmember 40 on the floor frame 10 and possibly also the side members 11 and / or the cross members 12 are fastened to the rest of the floor frame 10 by screw connections, that these screw connections are loosened after the dwelling unit 1 has been set down on the foundation 29 at the installation site and that the side members 11 or the support cross members 40, possibly also the cross members 12, are then made the receiving channels 47, 48 are pulled out laterally. So you can be the relatively expensive massive main beams, which are essential for transport, but at the installation site for the stability of the entire floor frame 10 or of the base frame 10 built from the base frame 10 of crucial importance, after the installation of the residential unit 1 from the Pull the foundation 29 out to the side and therefore later reuse. The remaining floor frame 10, for example in Fig. 11 with the recognizable as the top level, butt welded side members 11 and cross members 12 in the form of L-profiles, is then screwed to the foundation 29 and / or cast, this shape is sufficient for sufficient anchoring of the residential unit 1 on the foundation 2.

As has been explained further above, in the manufacturing method according to the invention, the residential units 1 are equipped with the necessary installations (heating, water, electricity, gas) in various ways, even at the manufacturing site. The receiving channels 47, 48 to be provided in the foundation 29 according to the method according to the invention offer the possibility of also accommodating the supply line in the foundation 29 here without having to take any additional measures. This is of course particularly interesting when the carriers are pulled out of the receiving channels 47, 48, as explained above. Then the installation lines can be routed there in the final state without additional space requirement in the receiving channels 47, 48. The deeply placed receiving channels 48 for the support cross members 40 then practically offer a sufficient depth to even realize the slope required for the sanitary installation for connecting the channel.

For the final construction of the residential unit 1 at the installation site, it is further recommended that the receiving channels 47, 48, which are open at the end, be finally sealed weatherproof.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11, L-shaped side members 11 and cross members 12 are welded together as the top level of the floor frame 10. They form support elements for the inner and outer walls, which are fixed and anchored with their purlins. The additional stiffening struts 39 are only screwed to the main side members 11, which will be removed later, but are welded to the cross members 12. In the exemplary embodiment shown, they therefore remain in the receiving channels 47 of the foundation 29 and can be fastened there, in particular cast.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a top view and a section of the foundation 29 for the residential unit 1 dealt with here. The various can be seen very clearly Receiving channels 47, 48 realized according to the template, in FIG. 3 also the different depths of the receiving channels 47, 48.

10 to 12 show laterally protruding support cross members 40 for attaching crane hooks. In a house that is supplied with an open ceiling, or in a house in which flaps can be opened in a targeted manner, it is also possible to work in such a way that the crane hook points of attack on the longitudinal beams 11 or cross beams 12 inside the housing unit 1 are provided and the crane cables are inserted through the open ceiling or through hatches provided in the ceiling. It is therefore possible to even do without the additional support cross members 40 and to use the own side members 11 and cross members 12 of the floor frame 10.

Especially in an expansion house without interior cladding, with suitable pressure transmission plates, but also in a largely completed housing unit 1, it can be provided that additional struts are installed during transport inside the housing unit 1 and removed again after installation at the installation site. This follows the concept implemented according to the invention of providing the bracing of the residential unit 1 differently for transport than in the later final state at the installation site. That corresponds to practical experience. The additional stiffening struts for transport can in turn be realized as diagonal struts between the truss posts of the outer walls and inner walls. This is not shown in detail in the drawing.

The template technology for the foundation 29 at the installation site already brings considerable advantages. A further improvement in manufacturing technology can be achieved in that a manufacturing foundation 49 created according to the template is provided at the manufacturing location and the living unit 1 is built on it as far as intended. This manufacturing foundation 49, which was also created according to the template, can be seen in FIG. 13 with the foundation frame 32 already arranged thereon. FIG. 13 further clarifies that the method according to the invention has been further optimized with templates. It can be seen that it is also possible to work with laterally adjustable wall stencils 50. One recognizes the wall stencil 50, which is arranged to be movable on the left, which provides window openings and, in addition, predetermined position points 51 for inserting the stems of the truss structure the outer walls 3 shows. In Fig. 13 right behind you can already see a partially constructed truss of the rear outer wall 3.

14 shows the next optimization level with gable stencils 52, which allow appropriate gable framework structures to be built up. The gable stencils 52 shown are provided for a roof pitch of 45 ° (left), 40 ° (middle) and 35 ° (right).

When transporting the residential unit 1 with an open ceiling and internal crane cables explained above, one should work with spacers for the crane cables above the residential unit 1 so as not to damage the floor ceiling 34 on the crane in the event of fluctuations in the residential unit 1.

Instead of the L-shaped side members 11 and cross members 12 for receiving the outer walls and inner walls, you can also work with U-shaped beams if you need an even more stable stiffener. This may be necessary, for example, if the outer walls are equipped with full clinker.

The use of a template for the foundation 29 and the manufacturing foundation 49 creates the conditions for the fact that the residential units 1 can actually be manufactured industrially with the highest quality standards (ISO 9000). By specifying the channels, the installation connections can be set up specifically at the installation site and, after pulling out the supports from the receiving channels 47, 48, can be bypassed and set up within a very short time.

The manufacturing method according to the invention also facilitates the realization of an expansion house as it is becoming increasingly popular.

As the gable stencils explained above make clear, even with the present method for producing and building a residential unit 1, it is advisable to fold down the roof gable or roof gable parts at the upper edge of the residential unit 1 to be transported (which is also a part of the residential unit built at the end 1 can be attached). These roof gables or roof gable parts are then folded down on the ceiling of the residential unit 1 and held up to the installation site, folded up there and locked in the folded up position.

The production section 53a "chassis construction" can be seen first, which is separately upstream of a hall containing the other production sections 53, so that welding work does not endanger further production. From the production section 53a, the housing unit 1 now being conveyed is conveyed into the production section 53b, in which the outer walls 3 are built up on the floor frame 10. In the next production section 53c, for example, the roof 4 can be built up. In the production section 53d, outer cladding, windows and doors are attached, 53e includes the installation measures. In the production section 53f, the insulation and further expansion work takes place. The division of the interior and the setting of the inner walls takes place in the production section 53g, wall coverings and fittings are attached in the production section 53h. Wallpapering work can be done in production section 53i, for example, while painting and final inspection are carried out in production section 53j. A central warehouse 55 and a storage area 56 for finished residential units 1 can also be seen in FIG. 15. An exhibition area 57 can be seen as well as an administration building 58 and a social wing 59.

If you do not want to use your own undercarriages for the floor frame when setting up a new production line, for example because it is assumed that the individual residential unit sections can easily be set down at the place of installation by mobile crane, you can still move the floor frame or the individual ones at the place of manufacture Realize residential unit sections by allowing appropriate roller conveyors to be let into the floor of a production hall, on which the longitudinal members of the floor frames can then be moved with low rolling friction. That would be the reversal of the idea of the own chassis.

Claims (39)

Residential unit (1) with at least one interior space (5) delimited by structural assemblies, namely a floor (2), outer walls (3) and a roof (4), characterized in that the structural assemblies (2, 3, 4) of the residential unit ( 1) Overall, they are designed to meet the requirements of house building technology and are connected to each other in a correspondingly high-load capacity. Housing unit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the floor (2) has a floor frame (10) with at least two longitudinal beams (11) running in parallel in the longitudinal direction, in particular designed as a double-T beam or box section beam made of steel, and at least two has transverse beams (12) extending transversely thereto. Housing unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer walls (3) are equipped with an inner, heavy-duty supporting framework (15) and, preferably, shingle construction outer wall elements (16) and / or inner wall elements (17), and, in particular, form a torsionally rigid overall structure with the base frame (10). Housing unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer walls (3) and possibly also the inner walls (27) consist of individual prefabricated, mostly plate-like wall sections (35) with the required window or door openings (36). Housing unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof (4) has a circumferential purlin (39) which is designed as a self-contained ring anchor and, moreover, is preferably designed as a wooden rafter construction. Housing unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor (2) has a concrete slab (23) embedding the longitudinal beams (11) of the floor frame (10) with thermal insulation (24) and, preferably, floating screed (25) on top. Housing unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base frame (10) has suitable support elements (28) for the inner walls (27) extending thereon in the longitudinal and transverse directions, optionally also obliquely and possibly also only in sections. Housing unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrying elements (28) are designed as L-profiles, in particular made of steel. Method for producing a residential unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized by the following method steps: a) A foundation (36), in particular in the form of a basement ceiling or a strip foundation, is prepared at the installation site. b) The residential unit (1) is built completely on the floor frame (10), but the floor frame (10) remains open in its inner surfaces. c) The prefabricated unit (1) is transported to the installation site in a prefabricated manner and placed there on the foundation (36) with the base frame (10). d) The bottom frame (10) is formed on the edge between the foundation (36) and the lower edge of the outer walls (3) or the outer walls (3), which extend correspondingly far downward, are sealed on the edge side against the foundation (36). e) The inner surfaces of the floor frame (10) are filled with concrete or the like up to a sufficient height for a subsequent application of thermal insulation layer (24) and possibly screed (25), so that a smooth concrete slab (23) or the like Embedding plate with the recessed side members (11) of the base frame (10) results. f) The thermal insulation layer (24), possibly the floating screed (25) and possibly another floor covering are applied to the concrete slab (23). Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that in step b) the floor frame also has a normal floor structure including thermal barrier coating is provided that openings are preferably provided in the floor structure but with closure elements, in particular with inspection flaps, and that in process step e) the concrete or the like is washed in from the side under the floor structure and / or is filled in through the openings in the floor structure and thus embeds the floor frame. Method according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the living unit (1) is transported to the installation site on its own undercarriage elements (13) which are detachably fastened to the floor frame (10) and the undercarriage elements (13) are removed there from the floor frame (10). Method for producing a residential unit according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the residential unit (1) in the finished state one on a foundation (29) - z. B. a cast basement ceiling, a foundation plate, a strip foundation - fixed foundation frame (32) and attached outer walls (3) and inner walls (27), the upper edge of a purlin (33) for the roof or for a floor ceiling (34 ) are completed, characterized in that the foundation frame (30) is constructed from one, preferably from two or more, prefabricated floor frames (10) which are each matched to the dimensions of a transport vehicle in the external dimensions, in that the floor frame (10) at the place of manufacture The associated outer wall elements (16) and inner wall elements (17) or wall sections (35) are set up and anchored and directly or completely connected to one another and by means of the purlin (33) at the upper edge so that the prefabricated residential unit sections are transported to the installation site , placed there on the foundation (29) and with the foundation (29) and together r firmly connected (screwed). Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the floor frames (10) are first connected (screwed) to one another at the place of manufacture and only after the complete construction of the outer walls (3) and inner walls (27) with the purlin (33) or the purlins ( 33) separated from each other for transport. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installations (plumbing, heating, electrical equipment) already exist at the place of manufacture in the floor frame (10) and in the outer wall elements (16) or inner wall elements (17) or in the wall sections (35). as far as possible. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor frames (10) are provided with a closed floor, preferably with dry screed, at the place of manufacture or that the floor frames (10) are prepared at the place of manufacture for later installation of a floor substructure at the place of installation . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor frames (10) for the construction of the outer wall elements (16) or inner wall elements (17) or the wall sections (35) are each provided with foot purlins (38) attached thereto and / or additional stiffening struts (39), in particular arranged for relining the cross beams (12), are provided. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor frames (10) can be moved on their own, detachably attached undercarriage elements (13) at the place of manufacture themselves, and in that these undercarriage elements (13) can also be used at the installation site for moving the residential unit sections, whereby the undercarriage elements (13) can be removed from the floor frame (10) for transport and / or for final installation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the transport of a prefabricated residential unit section near each of the two narrow sides, a supporting cross member (40) is arranged under the floor frame (10) and fastened to the floor frame (10), which is laterally on both long sides Under the floor frame (10) protrudes that an upper cross member (41) is arranged approximately centrally between the support cross members (40) on the top of the residential unit section, which projects laterally on both longitudinal sides in the same way and that each of the support cross members ( 40) is connected to the upper cross member (41) via a stiffening and power transmission element (42). Method according to Claim 18, characterized in that the length of the stiffening and force transmission elements (42) can be adjusted, in particular by means of screw clamping sleeves (43) (opposing threads). A method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the upper cross member (41) is attached to the upper edge of the residential unit section on a respective force distribution member (44), in particular an angular cross member, and / or that the supporting cross members (40) and if necessary, the upper cross member (41) is designed as a U-shaped iron with welded cross bars, and / or that the supporting cross members (40) are arranged on the narrow outside of the chassis elements (13). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foundation (29) at the installation site is carried out essentially only from foundation pillars arranged in the corner points of the residential unit sections, possibly also additional intermediate pillars. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a wooden truss roof gable or roof gable part (45) is attached to the upper edge of the housing unit section, that is to say in particular on a purlin (33), on each narrow side by means of a folding joint (46) and that The roof gable part (45) is folded down for transport onto the floor ceiling (34) of the residential unit section and folded up into the standing position at the installation location and locked therein. Method for producing and building a residential unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the completed housing unit has a foundation frame (32) fastened to a foundation (29) and outer walls (3) and inner walls (27) built thereon , whereby, in any case, the outer walls (3) are of a half-timbered construction and form a torsion-resistant overall structure with the foundation frame (32), whereby, preferably, the outer walls (3) and / or inner walls (27) at the upper edge of a purlin ( 33) for the roof or for a floor ceiling (34), the foundation frame (32) having at least one prefabricated floor frame (10) whose outer dimensions are matched to the outer dimensions of a transport vehicle, and in any case the outer walls (3) and preferably also the inner walls (27) are built and anchored at the place of manufacture on the floor frame (10), in particular according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the foundation (29) at the place of installation after a the foundation frame (32) is made to match the template, which generates at least receiving channels (47) for the side members (11) of the base frame (10). Method according to the preceding claim, wherein at least two supporting cross members (40), on which crane hooks can engage, are arranged under the floor frame (10) for transport, characterized in that the template for the foundation (29) in each case further lowered receiving channels ( 48) for the support cross member (40). Method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the base frame (10) rests on the top of the foundation (29) and the longitudinal members (11) or the supporting cross members (40), possibly also the cross members (12 ), in the receiving channels (47) or (48) with play that, if available, the support cross members (40) on the floor frame (10) and possibly also the longitudinal members (11) and / or the cross members (12 ) are fastened to the rest of the floor frame (10) by screw connections, that these screw connections are loosened after the housing unit (1) has been placed on the foundation (29) at the installation site and that the longitudinal members (11) or the supporting cross members (40), if necessary the cross members (12) are then pulled out laterally from the receiving channels (47; 48). Method according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the receiving channels (47, 48) are used for receiving installation lines (water, waste water, gas, electrical) after removal of the carrier and / or that the receiving channels (47 , 48) are finally sealed weatherproof. Method according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that the border frame (10) has support elements (28) for inner walls (27) and outer walls (3) standing thereon and these support elements (28) are firmly connected to the foundation, in particular screwed, be tapped and / or potted. Method according to one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that the floor frame (10) has additional stiffening struts (39) which are preferably in any case only screwed to the side members (11), and, preferably, that the stiffening struts (39) of the anchoring serve in the foundation, for this purpose engage in their own receiving channels (47) in the foundation (29) and finally be anchored therein, in particular cast. Method according to one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that the crane hook points of attack are provided on the longitudinal members (11) or cross members (12) in the interior of the living unit (1) and the crane cables through the open ceiling or through provided in the ceiling Hatches are introduced. Method according to one of claims 23 to 29, characterized in that additional stripping struts are installed in the interior of the living unit (1) during transport and are removed again after installation at the installation site. Method according to one of claims 23 to 30, characterized in that a manufacturing foundation (49) created according to the template is provided at the manufacturing site and the living unit (1) is built thereon as far as intended. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that wall stencils (50) which can be adjusted laterally at the place of manufacture are used to create the truss structure, the window openings, the door openings etc. and / or gable stencils (52). Method for producing a residential unit (1), in particular a residential unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residential unit (1) is arranged in a plurality of production sections (53) which are arranged one behind the other and pass one after the other from an emerging residential unit (1) ) having a production line (54) that is growing in sections. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that in the production line (54) one after the other with a plurality of individual ones a work completely final or largely final production sections (53a to 53j) is being worked on. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first production section (53a) "chassis construction" is located upstream of a hall containing the other production sections (53b to 53j). Housing unit section, characterized in that it is produced by a method according to one of claims 9 to 35. Prefabricated house, characterized in that it consists of at least one residential unit section according to claim 36. Floor frame for the manufacture of a residential unit, which has at least two parallel longitudinal beams (11), in particular designed as a double-T beam or box section beam made of steel, and at least two transverse beams 812) which run to accommodate the lower edges of outer wall elements (16) or inner wall elements (17) in a half-timbered construction or of prefabricated, usually plate-like wall sections (35) of the prefabricated house and in particular for receiving a purlin (38) or various purlins (38). Floor frame according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the floor frame (10) is prepared for connection to other similar floor frames (10) (screw connection), and / or that the floor frame (10) is largely torsionally rigid, and / or that the floor frame (10) is provided with additional stiffening struts (39), in particular arranged for relining the cross members (12), and / or that the floor frame (10) is provided with its own chassis elements (13) which are detachably fastened to it and at the place of manufacture or can be moved at the installation site on the undercarriage elements (13) itself, the undercarriage elements (13) preferably being adjustable in the longitudinal direction of the floor frame (10).

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