EP0507970A1 - Elements for the construction of building structures - Google Patents

Abstract

Elements for the construction of building structures, consisting of building blocks of rectangular cross-section and projections and recesses which are arranged on two oppositely located walls (7) of the building blocks and are formed for engaging in corresponding, inverse projections and recesses of spatially adjacent building blocks, in which walls completely enclose at the side a hollow space open in two directions, and at least one outer wall (3), mounted on at least one of these walls and connected to them in one piece and having the same surface proportions as the wall, is arranged so as to be offset in relation to the latter in a projecting or set-back manner at the end and/or cross-section edges. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a set of components for the production of buildings, consisting of blocks with a rectangular cross-section and end walls adjoining the cross-sectional edges at right angles, as well as projections and recesses arranged on two opposite module walls, which are shaped for engagement in corresponding, inversely formed projections and recesses of spatially adjacent modules are.

From EP 0 045 012 a generic building block for the construction of walls is known, which consists of a solid, central, block-shaped block on which plates are arranged on two opposite outer sides in the vertical and lateral direction. These have a greater length and height than the outer sides to which they are attached. It is thereby achieved that when a wall is erected, cavities form between the building blocks arranged next to one another and one above the other, which can subsequently be filled with mortar.

The known block has the disadvantage that the thermal insulation value of the wall is very low because of the butt joints also particularly wide and filled with porous, thus highly heat-permeable mortar, and further that due to the small number of available block shapes there is little creative freedom. In addition, subsequent routing or slitting is required for the installation of installation lines.

Based on this prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a set of components for the production of buildings, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned and allows further application options and greater creative freedom in the manufacture of buildings.

The solution according to the invention is based on a generic set of components and consists in that the building blocks consist of a flat or curved walls completely surrounding on all sides in two directions and at least one outer wall placed on at least one of these walls and integrally connected to it same area dimensioning as this wall, but this is arranged to protrude or set back by an offset dimension at the front and / or cross-sectional edges.

The configuration of the component set and its building blocks according to the invention ensures that the walls erected therewith have a high thermal insulation value because the butt joints are very narrow and are provided on the outside with a joint cover. Another joint cover in the form of tongues which engage in grooves can also be used. The walls are very stable even when they are are not connected to each other with mortar or other adhesive, so that they are also suitable for the temporary and easily removable construction of smaller structures such as trade fair and market stands, emergency accommodation, emergency beds, partitions or film and theater backdrops and the rapid erection of solid structures such as Garages, garden houses, factory halls, apartment buildings etc. are suitable.

The invention encompasses numerous refinements and modifications of the components described above as claimed.

A first advantageous embodiment can be seen from the fact that the offset dimension has a different offset amount at the front edges and / or at the cross-sectional edges of the modules. Due to the different offset amount, the joint coverage can be flexibly adapted to the requirements.

A further expedient design of the building blocks is that the projecting walls connected to the recessed outer walls have incisions in the area of the cross-sectional edges, the depth of which corresponds to the offset dimension. The incisions in the protruding walls make it possible to arrange the blocks laterally offset or rotated adjacent to one another, while maintaining the joint cover.

A preferred embodiment of the building blocks is that the building blocks are dimensioned in their longitudinal extent, delimited by end walls, according to a single or multiple of a grid dimension which corresponds to the building block width Direction of the end wall corresponds. By maintaining a grid dimension, the block dimensions in the direction of the walls are in an integer ratio, which makes the construction of structures from components according to the invention particularly advantageous, since the dimensions of the blocks are matched to one another. It is advantageous if the building blocks are provided with a longitudinal extension of more than one grid dimension with incisions at right angles to the cross-sectional edges in the protruding walls connected with recessed outer walls at intervals determined by the grid dimension, the depth of which corresponds to the offset dimension corresponds if the incisions have a width of at least the thickness of the end walls of the building blocks, if the incisions correspond in spacing from one another to the grid dimension, or if the projecting walls connected to the recessed outer walls in the region of the end walls correspond to the offset dimension of the Outer walls are recessed in a width of the end walls, since this means that the building blocks can also be brought into engagement in a form-fitting and flush manner, offset or twisted.

Advantageously, the building blocks are further configured such that the walls and the outer walls of the building blocks have flat surfaces that run parallel to one another. This training results in geometrically simple and versatile forms of building blocks.

Another advantageous embodiment of the building blocks according to the invention can be that the walls and the outer walls of the building blocks are curved and of the same size Have radial spacing. With building blocks after this training, it is possible to build structures with curved wall surfaces.

A simplification of the assembly of the building blocks or a more pleasing appearance can be achieved in that at least one of the edges of the building blocks is rounded.

If the cavity is subdivided by at least one intermediate wall in a further embodiment, this results in a higher stability and strength of the building blocks or a simplification of their production technology.

An advantageous embodiment of the component set consists in that it contains building blocks with flat or curved walls and lengths of a single or a multiple of a grid dimension, as well as cover plates and / or flat and profiled end plates. These basic elements can be used to create most of the usual structures.

A first advantageous embodiment consists in that the blocks are dimensioned in their longitudinal extent limited by their end walls according to the simple grid dimension, which corresponds to the block width in the direction of the end wall. These short basic modules have a square base.

Another expedient design is that the blocks are dimensioned in their longitudinal extent limited by their end walls after a multiple of the grid dimension, which corresponds to the block width in the direction of the end wall. The base of these long basic building blocks is therefore rectangular in shape.

Further advantageous and useful designs of the building blocks result from the fact that the building blocks with a longitudinal extension of at least twice the grid dimension for the right-angled or oblique-angled wall connection to the walls and outer walls are attached at one or both sides to the outside or at right-angled angles have a rigidly connected block with the single or multiple of a grid dimension, and that the laterally attached blocks are provided with one or more features of claims 1 to 12. These building blocks can be used as branching stones for wall mounting to the right or left to add a wall that is adjacent to another wall. Other such building blocks can be angular, the base of which has the shape of an "L" and with which it is possible to erect a wall leading around a corner.

A preferred embodiment of the cover plates is that they are designed in the form of a "U" profile, the longitudinal dimension being measured in multiples and the transverse dimension in the simple dimension of the grid. With the cover plates, the tops of the upwardly open building blocks can be covered to form a smooth surface, which is particularly expedient if the wall formed from the building blocks does not reach a ceiling and is to be closed at the top.

A first practical design of the end plates can be that the flat end plates are designed in the form of a "T", the width of the base of the "T" according to the width of the end wall, the height of the "T" according to the height of the building blocks and the Width of the upper part of the "T" after the Grid dimensions are dimensioned. A second useful embodiment can be that the profiled end plates are designed in the form of a U-profile, the transverse extent being dimensioned according to the simple grid dimension and the longitudinal extent according to the height of the building blocks, and the top surface of the "U" on one side being an extension having. With the end plates, the end walls of the building blocks can be covered, as a result of which the protrusions or recesses set back from the end walls and the outer walls are covered to a smooth surface, which is particularly expedient on the end face of a wall formed from the building blocks, which does not adhere another wall adjoins.

A favorable design of the building blocks according to the invention can consist in the building blocks consisting of individual module elements forming their wall structures, which are rigidly connected to one another by means of connecting elements. Building blocks that can be assembled in this way from individual parts permit transport that takes up little space and can be produced quickly and flexibly on site using simple means.

A second modified solution to the problem consists in the fact that at least one outer surface of the walls of the building blocks has at least one groove running from top to bottom, into which a tongue which simultaneously engages in a similar groove of an adjacent building block can be inserted. The tongue, which can be inserted into the groove formed by two adjacent building blocks, provides a joint covering of the butt joint of building blocks arranged next to one another. The blocks can be on their front or long sides, depending on their Use and their installation location in a building, have one or more grooves to enable joint sealing to the adjacent building blocks.

The simplest form of the spring is in the form of a cuboid. An advantageous embodiment of the spring is that it has an extension on at least one end region. This design has the advantage that the tongue inserted into the groove is held in the correct position on the module and cannot slide down.

A further advantageous embodiment of the spring is that the spring has a stepped extension on one end region, which engages in an inversely stepped shape-matching recess of the spring adjoining upwards or downwards, and on the other end region a stepped recess into which a shape-matching extension engages a spring adjoining downwards or upwards. This configuration ensures that the butt joint formed by two adjacent springs has a joint cover.

The tongue and the groove can furthermore be designed such that the tongue has at least one of the two end regions in each case a projection facing the two adjacent building blocks, forming a protrusion or a recessed shoulder, with which they protrude into correspondingly profiled recesses in the grooves of the adjacent building blocks intervention. This design also has the advantage that the tongue inserted into the groove is held in the correct position on the module and cannot slide downward.

A third modified solution to the problem is that the components have a self-contained, rectangular peripheral wall plan and that on one edge of the peripheral wall at least one peripheral projection and in the other edge of the peripheral wall there are at least one peripheral recess, so are formed so that the projection of each of the components fits into the recess of each other of the components. The building blocks according to this invention have the advantage of covering the joints of building blocks arranged one above the other.

A preferred embodiment of these modules can be that the lengths of the side walls forming the peripheral wall are dimensioned according to a single or multiple of a grid dimension which corresponds to the module width in the direction of the shortest peripheral wall, or that the circumferential projection has interruptions, the width of which is double Wall thickness of the recessed peripheral wall is. These modules can also be put together or rotated.

The component set according to the invention can be made from a wide variety of materials, for example from plastics such as PVC or plexiglass, concrete casting, press plates or flame-retardant or fire-resistant building materials.

The large number of components, which can be combined with one another in almost unlimited variety, allows a high degree of creative freedom. Furthermore, flush, smooth surfaces without protruding parts are achieved, which can be painted as required, covered with plaster, additional insulation and / or wallpaper. The cavity in the wall Can be filled with concrete, plastics or other material, especially insulating material, and is also suitable for laying installation lines (water, sewage, heating, electricity, telephone, TV, radio) without the need for subsequent milling or tapping slots. Other standardized components such as ready-to-install doors and windows, boards, cladding, floor panels, beams, electrical and sanitary systems can be included in the system.

The following exemplary embodiments of the invention reveal further advantageous features and special features, which are described and explained in more detail below with reference to the illustration in the drawings.

Fig. 1

einen Baustein von einfachem Rastermaß;

Fig. 2

einen Baustein mit zweifachem Rastermaß in der Längserstreckung;

Fig. 3

einen Baustein mit dreifachem Rastermaß in der Längserstreckung;

Fig. 4

einen Baustein mit vierfachem Rastermaß in der Längserstreckung;

Fig. 5

einen Abzweigstein für den Wandanbau nach rechts;

Fig. 6

einen Abzweigstein für den Wandanbau nach links;

Fig. 7

eine abgewandelte Ausführung eines Abzweigsteins für den Wandanbau nach rechts;

Fig. 8

eine abgewandelte Ausführung eines Abzweigsteins für den Wandanbau nach links;

Fig. 9

eine weitere Ausführung eines Abzweigsteins für den Wandanbau nach rechts;

Fig. 10

eine weitere Ausführung eines Abzweigsteins für den Wandanbau nach links;

Fig. 11

einen winkelförmigen Baustein;

Fig. 12

eine abgewandelte Ausführung eines winkelförmigen Bausteines;

Fig. 13

die Anordnung zweier versetzt zusammengefügter Bausteine;

Fig. 14

den modularen Zusammenbau eines Bausteines mittels Verbindungselementen;

Fig. 15

eine Draufsicht zu Fig. 14;

Fig. 16

eine abgewandelte Ausbildung eines Bausteines gemäß Fig. 1 mit Nuten und einer Feder;

Fig. 17

eine abgewandelte Ausbildung eines Bausteines nach Fig. 3 mit dreifachem Rastermaß mit Nuten und zwei Federn;

Fig. 18

eine weitere Ausbildung einer Feder;

Fig. 19

eine Feder gemäß Fig. 18 mit einer zugehörigen Nut des angrenzenden Bausteines;

Fig. 20

eine Feder mit abgetreppten Fortsätzen;

Fig. 21

eine abgewandelte Feder mit den zugehörigen Nuten der angrenzenden Bausteine;

Fig. 22

einen Baustein mit zweifachem Rastermaß in der Längserstreckung gemäß Fig. 19 mit abgewandelter Ausbildung der Nuten;

Fig. 23

einen Baustein gemäß Fig. 17 mit einer abgewandelten Ausbildung der Nuten;

Fig. 24

eine Teilansicht eines Bausteines mit einer weiteren Ausbildung der Nut und Feder.

Show it

Fig. 1

a building block of simple pitch;

Fig. 2

a block with a double pitch in the longitudinal extent;

Fig. 3

a block with triple pitch in the longitudinal extent;

Fig. 4

a block with four times the grid dimension in the longitudinal extension;

Fig. 5

a branching stone for wall mounting to the right;

Fig. 6

a branching stone for wall mounting to the left;

Fig. 7

a modified version of a branch stone for wall mounting to the right;

Fig. 8

a modified version of a branch stone for wall mounting to the left;

Fig. 9

another version of a branch stone for wall mounting to the right;

Fig. 10

another version of a branching stone for wall mounting to the left;

Fig. 11

an angular block;

Fig. 12

a modified version of an angular block;

Fig. 13

the arrangement of two staggered building blocks;

Fig. 14

the modular assembly of a building block using connecting elements;

Fig. 15

a plan view of Fig. 14;

Fig. 16

a modified design of a block according to FIG 1 with grooves and a spring.

Fig. 17

a modified design of a block according to Figure 3 with triple pitch with grooves and two springs.

Fig. 18

a further formation of a spring;

Fig. 19

a spring according to FIG 18 with an associated groove of the adjacent block.

Fig. 20

a spring with stepped extensions;

Fig. 21

a modified tongue with the associated grooves of the adjacent blocks;

Fig. 22

a block with a double pitch in the longitudinal extent of FIG 19 with a modified design of the grooves.

Fig. 23

a block of FIG 17 with a modified design of the grooves.

Fig. 24

a partial view of a block with a further design of the tongue and groove.

Fig. 1 shows a block with a simple pitch R according to the invention. It consists of flat walls 2 and end walls 7, which laterally surround a cavity 1 which is open in two directions, and two attached, integrally connected outer walls 3 of the same area dimension as the walls 2, but opposite them by an offset dimension x on the end edges 4 and cross-sectional edges 5 projecting or set back. The staggered arrangement of the outer walls 3 ensures that the joint formed by adjacent building blocks is covered by the outer walls 3 both in the case of modules arranged one above the other and next to one another. The protruding projections formed by the offset engage in recessed paragraphs of the adjacent one when the building blocks are assembled Building blocks, whereby the blocks are fixed in their relative position to each other. The longitudinal extension L of the module is dimensioned according to the simple grid dimension R, which corresponds to the module width B.

Fig. 2 shows a block with a double pitch R in the longitudinal extent L. The protruding walls 2 have incisions 6, the depth of which corresponds to the offset dimension x, and are arranged at intervals A determined by the pitch R. The width b of the incisions 6 is twice the thickness d of the end walls 7. The incisions 6 make it possible to arrange the blocks laterally offset or rotated adjacent to one another, the joint covering being retained by the outer walls 7.

Fig. 2 also shows a cover plate 25, a flat end plate 26 in the form of a T and a profiled end plate 27 in the form of a U-profile with an extension 9. With these elements, the top or end faces can be covered to a smooth surface.

FIG. 3 shows a module according to FIG. 2 with triple grid dimension R in the longitudinal extent L. The distances of the incisions 6 are arranged in their spacing from one another in accordance with the grid dimension R. Fig. 4 shows the same as Fig. 3 for a block with four times the dimension R in the longitudinal extension L.

Fig. 5 shows a branch stone for wall mounting to the right, Fig. 6 for wall mounting to the left. Both are formed by the one-piece connection of a module according to FIGS. 1 and 3.

This arrangement creates an intermediate wall 8 dividing the cavity 1, which can be supplemented by additional intermediate walls or can also be left out. FIGS. 7 and 8 show the same as FIGS. 5 and 6, but for branching stones which are each made up of one block. 1 and 4 are formed.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show further branching stones, which according to building blocks. 2 and 4 are formed.

Fig. 11 shows an angular block, which according to. 2 and 3, and Fig. 12 the same in a modified embodiment. In these corner pieces, the intermediate wall 8 is recessed and the cavity 1 is not divided.

13 shows an example of the arrangement of two adjoining modules. The lower module is a module according to Fig. 4, and on this a block which is laterally offset by twice the grid dimension R is placed. The end wall 7 of the upper module engages in incisions 6 of the lower module, whereby the outer wall 3 of the upper module is in contact with the outer wall 3 of the lower module and the joint cover is provided by the between the walls 2 and outer walls 3 existing offset x is effected. The incision width b is dimensioned such that a further block adjacent to this can be arranged next to the upper block. Here too, the butt joint of the two abutting end plates 7 is then covered.

All of the building blocks of the component set according to FIGS. 1 to 13 can be put together according to this principle for the construction of buildings.

14 and 15 show in one exemplary embodiment how the modules can be assembled modularly from individual parts by means of connecting elements 10. The walls 2 are provided with loops arranged offset from one another, which are held together by means of a bolt which runs through the loops which are joined into one another.

16 and 17 show a modified design of the components. 16 shows a short basic building block and FIG. 17 shows a long basic building block with a triple spacing R in the longitudinal extent L. They consist of a peripheral wall 20 which surrounds a cavity 1 which is open in two directions and which has a circumferential projection 21 on the upper side and on the lower side has a circumferential recess 22 which is formed so that the projection 21 of another component fits into it. In the long basic module, the circumferential projection 21 has interruptions 23, the width of which is equal to twice the wall thickness of the recessed peripheral wall 20 and which correspond to the incisions 6.

16 and 17 also show an embodiment of the grooves 11 and tongues 12 according to the invention. The grooves 11 are, as required, at the locations of the outer surfaces of the building blocks which adjoin other building blocks. In this exemplary embodiment, the spring 12 is designed as a cuboid.

FIG. 18 shows the formation of a spring 12 with two extensions 13 at the end regions, and FIG. 19 in one Section through the associated groove 11 of the component, the installation position of this spring 12. This spring 12 is, in contrast to the spring 12 acc. 16 and 17, fixed in their vertical position.

A covering of the butt joint of adjacent springs 12 is formed in accordance with an embodiment of the spring 12. Fig. 20 achieved, which has a stepped extension 13 at both ends.

21 shows a section through a modified spring 12, which has an extension 15 facing the two adjacent components at the upper end region and forming a protrusion 15. The groove 11 has a corresponding recess 18 for receiving the extension 17.

22 and 23 show the same as Fig. 17 for a block with double (Fig. 22) or triple (Fig. 23) pitch R in the longitudinal extension L with a formation of the grooves acc. 19 for springs 12 acc. Fig. 18.

24 shows a modified embodiment of the groove 11 and tongue 12 for this purpose. The tongue 12 has a stepped extension 13 at one end region and a corresponding recess 14 at the other end region and two extensions 17 each forming a protrusion 15, which engage in corresponding recesses 18 in the groove.

Claims (28)

Component set for the production of buildings, consisting of building blocks with a rectangular cross-section and end walls adjoining the cross-sectional edges at right angles, as well as projections and depressions arranged on two opposing building block walls, which are shaped for engagement in corresponding, inversely formed projections and recesses of spatially adjacent building blocks,

marked by a) a cavity (1) which is open in two directions and completely surrounds flat or curved walls (2), b) at least one outer wall (3) placed on at least one of these walls (2) and connected to this in one piece with the same area dimensioning as this wall (2), but opposite this by an offset dimension (x) on the end (4) and / or cross-sectional edges (5) projecting or set back. Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that the offset dimension (x) on the end edges (4) and / or on the cross-sectional edges (5) of the components has a different offset amount. Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting walls (2) connected to the recessed outer walls (3) have incisions (6) in the region of the cross-sectional edges (5), the depth of which corresponds to the offset dimension (x) corresponds. Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that the modules are dimensioned in their longitudinal extent (L) delimited by end walls (7) according to a single or multiple of a grid dimension (R) which corresponds to the module width (B) in the direction of the end wall (7) corresponds. Component set according to claim 4, characterized in that the building blocks with a longitudinal extension of more than one grid dimension (R) with incisions (6) made at intervals (A) at right angles to the cross-sectional edges (5) in the recessed outer walls (3 ) connected, projecting walls (2) are provided at intervals (A) determined by the grid dimension (R), the depth of which corresponds to the offset dimension (x). Component set according to claim 4, characterized in that the incisions (6) have a width (b) of at least the thickness (d) of the end walls (7) of the modules. Component set according to claim 4, characterized in that the cuts (6) correspond in their spacing from one another to the grid dimension (R). Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that the projecting walls (2) connected to the recessed outer walls (3) in the region of the end walls (7) to the offset dimension (x) of the outer walls in a width of the end walls ( 7) are left out. Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (2) and the outer walls (3) of the building blocks have flat, parallel surfaces. Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (2) and the outer walls (3) of the building blocks are curved and have an equal radial distance. Component set according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the edges of the components is rounded. Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (1) is divided by at least one intermediate wall (8). Component set according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains building blocks with flat or curved walls and lengths of a single or a multiple of a grid dimension (R) as well as cover plates and / or flat and profiled end plates. Component set according to claim 13, characterized in that the modules in their longitudinal extent (L) delimited by their end walls (7) are dimensioned according to the simple grid dimension (R) which corresponds to the module width (B) in the direction of the end wall (7). Component set according to claim 13, characterized in that the modules in their longitudinal extent (L) limited by their end walls (7) are dimensioned according to a multiple of the grid dimension (R) which corresponds to the module width (B) in the direction of the end wall (7). Component set according to claim 13, characterized in that the building blocks with a longitudinal extension (L) of at least twice the grid dimension (R) for the right-angled or oblique-angled wall connection to the walls (2) and outer walls (3) right-angled or oblique-angled attached to one or both sides facing outwards each have a rigidly connected module (24) with the single or multiple of a grid dimension (R), and that the modules attached to the side are provided with one or more of the features of claims 1 to 12. Component set according to claim 13, characterized in that the cover plates (25) are designed in the form of a "U" profile, the longitudinal extension (L) being measured in multiples and the transverse extension in the simple dimension (R). Component set claim 13, characterized in that the flat end plates (26) are designed in the form of a "T", the width of the foot of the "T" according to the Width of the end wall (7), the height of the "T" according to the height of the building blocks and the width of the upper part of the "T" according to the grid dimension (R). Component set according to claim 13, characterized in that the profiled end plates (27) are designed in the form of a U-profile, the transverse extension being dimensioned according to the simple grid dimension (R) and the longitudinal extension according to the height of the building blocks, and the top surface of the U has an extension (9) on one side. Component set according to one or more of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the building blocks consist of individual module elements which form their wall structures and are rigidly connected to one another by means of connecting elements (10). Component set for the production of buildings, consisting of building blocks with a rectangular cross-section and end walls adjoining the cross-sectional edges at right angles, as well as projections and depressions arranged on two opposing building block walls, which are shaped for engagement in corresponding, inversely formed projections and recesses of spatially adjacent building blocks,

characterized,

that at least one outer surface (19) of the walls of the building blocks has at least one groove (11) running from top to bottom, into which a tongue (12) which simultaneously engages in a similar groove of an adjacent building block can be inserted. Component set according to claim 21, characterized in that the spring (12) is in the form of a cuboid. Component set according to claim 21, characterized in that the spring (12) has an extension (13) on at least one end region. Component set according to claim 21, characterized in that the spring (12) has a stepped extension (13) at one end region, which engages in an inversely stepped shape-corresponding recess (14) of the upward or downward adjacent spring (12), and on the other end region has a stepped recess (14) into which a shape-matching extension (13) of a spring (12) adjoining downwards or upwards engages. Component set according to Claim 21, characterized in that the spring (12) has at least one of the two end regions with an extension (17) facing the two adjacent modules, forming an overhang (15) or a recessed shoulder (16), with which the extension engage in correspondingly profiled recesses (18) in the grooves (11) of the adjacent building blocks. Component set for the production of buildings, consisting of building blocks with a rectangular cross-section and end walls adjoining the cross-sectional edges at right angles, as well as projections and depressions arranged on two opposing building block walls, which are shaped for engagement in corresponding, inversely formed projections and recesses of spatially adjacent building blocks,

characterized,

that the components have a self-contained peripheral wall (20) which is rectangular in plan and that at least one peripheral projection (21) on one edge of the peripheral wall (20) and at least one peripheral recess (22) in the other edge of the peripheral wall (20) ) are provided, which are designed so that the projection (21) of each of the components fits into the recess (22) of each of the other components. Component set according to claim 26, characterized in that the lengths of the side walls forming the peripheral wall (20) are dimensioned according to a single or multiple of a grid dimension (R) which corresponds to the block width (B) in the direction of the shortest peripheral wall (20). Component set according to Claim 27, characterized in that the circumferential projection (21) has interruptions (23), the width of which is equal to twice the wall thickness of the recessed peripheral wall (20).

Images