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EP0569569A1 - METHOD FOR OBTAINING POLY-$g(b)-HYDROXY-OCTANOIC ACID - Google Patents

METHOD FOR OBTAINING POLY-$g(b)-HYDROXY-OCTANOIC ACID

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Publication number
EP0569569A1
EP0569569A1 EP92923487A EP92923487A EP0569569A1 EP 0569569 A1 EP0569569 A1 EP 0569569A1 EP 92923487 A EP92923487 A EP 92923487A EP 92923487 A EP92923487 A EP 92923487A EP 0569569 A1 EP0569569 A1 EP 0569569A1
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Prior art keywords
biomass
acetone
hydroxy
acid
ketone
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Eric Ohleyer
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Firmenich SA
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Firmenich SA
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/62Carboxylic acid esters
    • C12P7/625Polyesters of hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/06Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of organic synthesis.
  • it relates to a new process for obtaining poly- ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid, a polymer constituted by repeating units of formula + CH (C 5 H 11 ) - CH 2 - C (0) - 0 ⁇ n
  • the method of the invention is based on a method of extracting poly- ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid from a culture of bacteria containing it using an organic solvent.
  • Poly-hydroxy-alkanoic acids are storage compounds found in certain families of bacteria. It is in the cytoplasmic solution that these acids are deposited in the form of an aggregate when the cells are cultivated in a medium rich in carbon and in which one of the nutritive agents is growth-limiting.
  • the present invention provides a new solution to this problem.
  • the process of the invention consists in fact in cultivating appropriate bacteria in an adequate nutritive medium.
  • the bacteria are then separated after fermentation by usual techniques, for example by centrifugation, and the wet biomass thus obtained is dispersed in acetone or isopropanol or other dehydrating solvent known in the prior art.
  • the still wet biomass is stirred in the organic dispersion solvent chosen until a homogeneous suspension is obtained.
  • the separation of the solid cell mass from the suspension is carried out according to the usual methods, for example by decantation, filtration or centrifugation.
  • a simple filtration using a Buchner filter allows the separation of the cells from the bacteria in the form of a now dry powder. Further drying can optionally be carried out by direct exposure to air of the separated solid.
  • poly- ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid is completely soluble in anhydrous acetone, the presence of water, even in very small quantities, makes the polymer perfectly insoluble.
  • the extraction of poly- ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid takes place in non-chlorinated organic solvents defined by the following group: acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
  • acetone or tetrahydrofuran is used.
  • Pseudomonas in a nutritive medium in which one of the agents is growth-limiting, gives rise to the formation of poly- ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid.
  • Such bacteria cultures can be obtained from depositaries such as the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland, USA) or the DSM (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, Gôttingen, Germany). Specifically, in the process of the invention, bacteria of one of the following strains were used: Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347, Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650, and Pseudomonas citronellonis DSM 50332.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a process for obtaining poly- ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid by aerobic fermentation of bacteria capable of accumulating said acid when cultivated in a nutrient solution rich in carbon and in which one nutritive agents is growth limiting, characterized in that the nutritive solution is added to the culture so as to maintain a dilution rate of between approximately 0.050 and 0.100 h -1 , which is then separated from the biomass of the culture medium, that the separated biomass is suspended in acetone or isopropanol or other known dehydrating solvent, that the suspension obtained is filtered and the dried solid biomass is brought into contact with an inert organic solvent chosen from the group that here: acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and tetrahydrofura Finally, separate the
  • This nutrient solution was added to the fermentation medium so as to maintain the dilution rate at a value of 0.085 h -1 .
  • the cell mass After reaching a steady state, i.e. a constant concentration of biomass and a complete consumption of carbon and nitrogen, the cell mass is stored in a tank before centrifugation (30 min), washed with demineralized water and centrifuged again.
  • the wet mass (51.5 g) harvested from 21 of culture was suspended in 250 ml of isopropanol and stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous suspension is obtained, then it is filtered using a B ⁇ chner type filter and 12.4 g of dry cell mass was obtained after air drying.
  • This dry mass was suspended in 155 ml of acetone and stirred for 1 h at room temperature, then it was filtered.
  • the clear filtrate was finally evaporated in air to provide 2.43 g of a translucent polymer film.
  • the polymer content of the cell mass was determined by gas chromatography of the methyl ester of ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid obtained by methanolysis of the polymer [see for example Appl. About. Microbiol. 54 (1988), 1977].
  • the proportion of polymer was 20% by weight.
  • a dried biomass was obtained according to the method described in the previous example.
  • MW 2.11. 10 2 . [ ⁇ ] W * according to Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), 2655, in which MW represents the molecular weight and [ ⁇ ] defines the intrinsic viscosity as measured at 30 ° by a digital Brookfiêld viscometer.
  • the polymer was solubilized at different concentrations in cyclohexanone.
  • Other tests have been carried out by suspending the dried biomass in solvents other than acetone, for example methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetate butyl, diethyl ether or even diisopropyl ether.
  • a dried biomass was obtained according to the method described in Example 1.
  • the nutrient solution had the following composition (proportions expressed relative to 1 l of distilled water).
  • octanoic acid 15.12 g
  • Example 2 The operation was carried out as indicated in Example 1, adding the nutritive solution to the fermentation medium so as to maintain the dilution rate at the value indicated in the following table. Poly- ⁇ -hydroxy-octanoic acid was thus obtained in the indicated proportions expressed as the content of the polymer in the cell mass.

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Abstract

L'acide poly-beta-hydroxy-octanoïque, produit d'utilisation variée, a été préparé par un procédé de fermentation aérobique de bactéries capables d'accumuler ledit acide, procédé consistant à ajouter au milieu de culture la solution nutritive, dans laquelle l'un des agents est limitatif de croissance, de manière à maintenir un taux de dilution compris entre environ 0,050 et 0,100 h-1. La biomasse, une fois séparée du milieu de culture, est mise en suspension dans l'acétone ou l'isopropanol et la masse cellulaire, après séparation et séchage, a été dissoute dans un solvant organique inerte non chloré. L'acide désiré est obtenu par évaporation du filtrat clair recueilli après séparation de la masse solide sous forme d'un film polymérique stable.Poly-beta-hydroxy-octanoic acid, a product of varied use, was prepared by a process of aerobic fermentation of bacteria capable of accumulating said acid, process consisting in adding to the culture medium the nutrient solution, in which the one of the agents is growth limiting, so as to maintain a dilution rate of between about 0.050 and 0.100 h-1. The biomass, once separated from the culture medium, is suspended in acetone or isopropanol and the cell mass, after separation and drying, has been dissolved in an inert non-chlorinated organic solvent. The desired acid is obtained by evaporation of the clear filtrate collected after separation of the solid mass in the form of a stable polymeric film.

Description

Procédé pour l'obtention d'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque Process for obtaining poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid
Domaine techniqueTechnical area
L'invention a trait au domaine de la synthèse organique. En particulier, elle a pour objet un procédé nouveau pour l'obtention d'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque, un polymère constitué par des unités répétitives de formule +CH(C5H11) - CH2 - C(0) - 0^n The invention relates to the field of organic synthesis. In particular, it relates to a new process for obtaining poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid, a polymer constituted by repeating units of formula + CH (C 5 H 11 ) - CH 2 - C (0) - 0 ^ n
procédé qui permet la préparation de cet acide avec de bons rendements et sans dégradation significative du polymère.process which allows the preparation of this acid with good yields and without significant degradation of the polymer.
Le procédé de l'invention est basé sur une méthode d'extraction de l'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque à partir d'une culture de bactéries le contenant au moyen d'un solvant organique.The method of the invention is based on a method of extracting poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid from a culture of bacteria containing it using an organic solvent.
Technique antérieurePrior art
Les acides poly-hydroxy-alcanoïques sont des composés de stockage qu'on rencontre dans certaines familles de bactéries. C'est dans la solution cytoplasmique que ces acides se déposent sous forme d'agrégat lorsque les cellules sont cultivées dans un milieu riche en carbone et dans lequel l'un des agents nutritifs est limitatif de croissance.Poly-hydroxy-alkanoic acids are storage compounds found in certain families of bacteria. It is in the cytoplasmic solution that these acids are deposited in the form of an aggregate when the cells are cultivated in a medium rich in carbon and in which one of the nutritive agents is growth-limiting.
Plusieurs méthodes d'extraction de ces acides ont été décrites dans la littérature. Elles s'adressent tout particulièrement à l'obtention d'acide poly-β- hydroxy-butanoïque ou d'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque pour lesquels l'on a suggéré une extraction à l'aide de solvants chlorés, par exemple du chloroforme ou du chlorure de méthylène à partir de cellules obtenues par séchage à froid, plus précisément par lyophilisation. Des exemples de telles méthodes sont décrits dans Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55 (1989), 1949 ; Appl.Several methods of extraction of these acids have been described in the literature. They are particularly intended for obtaining poly-β-hydroxy-butanoic acid or poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid for which extraction has been suggested using chlorinated solvents, for example chloroform or methylene chloride from cells obtained by cold drying, more precisely by lyophilization. Examples of such methods are described in Appl. About. Microbiol., 55 (1989), 1949; Appl.
Environ. Microbiol, 54 (1988), 1977 et Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45 (1983), 71.About. Microbiol, 54 (1988), 1977 and Appl. About. Microbiol., 45 (1983), 71.
L'emploi de solvants chlorés sur de la biomasse lyophilisée se heurte à deux inconvénients majeurs. D'une part, de tels solvants sont à éviter, dans toute la mesure du possible, dans des opérations industrielles à grande échelle pour des raisons évidentes de protection de l'environnement et, d'autre part, le procédé de lyophilisation est particulièrement coûteux. Exposé de l'inventionThe use of chlorinated solvents on freeze-dried biomass comes up against two major drawbacks. On the one hand, such solvents are to be avoided, as far as possible, in large-scale industrial operations for obvious reasons of environmental protection and, on the other hand, the lyophilization process is particularly expensive. . Statement of the invention
La présente invention apporte une solution nouvelle à ce problème.The present invention provides a new solution to this problem.
Dans son principe général, le procédé de l'invention consiste en effet à cultiver des bactéries appropriées dans un milieu nutritif adéquat. Les bactéries sont ensuite séparées après fermentation par des techniques usuelles, par exemple par centrifugation, et la biomasse humide ainsi obtenue est dispersée dans de l'acétone ou de l'isopropanol ou autre solvant déshydratant connu dans l'art antérieur. Ainsi, après séparation, la biomasse encore humide est agitée dans le solvant organique de dispersion choisi jusqu'à l'obtention d'une suspension homogène. La séparation de la masse cellulaire solide de la suspension s'effectue selon les méthodes usuelles, par exemple par décantation, filtration ou centrifugation. Une simple filtration à l'aide d'un filtre Bûchner permet la séparation des cellules des bactéries sous forme d'une poudre désormais sèche. Un séchage ultérieur peut être effectué de manière facultative par exposition directe à l'air du solide séparé.In its general principle, the process of the invention consists in fact in cultivating appropriate bacteria in an adequate nutritive medium. The bacteria are then separated after fermentation by usual techniques, for example by centrifugation, and the wet biomass thus obtained is dispersed in acetone or isopropanol or other dehydrating solvent known in the prior art. Thus, after separation, the still wet biomass is stirred in the organic dispersion solvent chosen until a homogeneous suspension is obtained. The separation of the solid cell mass from the suspension is carried out according to the usual methods, for example by decantation, filtration or centrifugation. A simple filtration using a Buchner filter allows the separation of the cells from the bacteria in the form of a now dry powder. Further drying can optionally be carried out by direct exposure to air of the separated solid.
Il est à remarquer que, bien que l'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque soit complètement soluble dans l'acétone anhydre, la présence d'eau, même en toute petite quantité, rend le polymère parfaitement insoluble. L'extraction de l'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque a lieu dans des solvants organiques non chlorés définis par le groupe que voici : acétone, méthylisobutylcétone, diisopropylcétone, diéthylcétone, acétate d'éthyle, acétate de propyle, acétate de butyle, éther diéthylique, éther diisopropylique et tétrahydrofuranne. A titre préférentiel, on utilise l'acétone ou le tétrahydrofuranne. En l'absence d'eau, ces . dissolvants permettent de solubiliser complètement le polymère obtenu par simple agitation à température ordinaire. La proportion relative de la masse des cellules séchées par rapport à l'acétone ou au tétrahydrofuranne est comprise entre environ 7,5 et 15% (poids/volume). Par filtration de la suspension obtenue et évaporation de la solution claire séparée, le produit désiré est obtenu enfin sous forme d'un film polymérique translucide, constitué essentiellement par de l'acide poly-β- hydroxy-octanoïque.It should be noted that, although the poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid is completely soluble in anhydrous acetone, the presence of water, even in very small quantities, makes the polymer perfectly insoluble. The extraction of poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid takes place in non-chlorinated organic solvents defined by the following group: acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Preferably, acetone or tetrahydrofuran is used. In the absence of water, these. solvents make it possible to completely dissolve the polymer obtained by simple stirring at ordinary temperature. The relative proportion of the mass of the dried cells with respect to acetone or tetrahydrofuran is between approximately 7.5 and 15% (weight / volume). By filtration of the suspension obtained and evaporation of the separated clear solution, the desired product is finally obtained in the form of a translucent polymer film, essentially consisting of poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid.
Comme indiqué plus haut, la formation intracellulaire d'acides poly-β-hydroxy-alcanoïques a été observée dans de nombreuses familles de bactéries. En particulier, la fermentation de bactéries du genre desAs indicated above, the intracellular formation of poly-β-hydroxy-alkanoic acids has been observed in many families of bacteria. In particular, the fermentation of bacteria of the genus
Pseudomonas, dans un milieu nutritif dans lequel l'un des agents est limitatif de croissance, donne lieu à la formation d'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque. De telles cultures de bactéries peuvent être obtenues auprès de dépositaires telle l'ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland, USA) ou la DSM (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, Gôttingen, Allemagne). De manière spécifique, dans le procédé de l'invention, on a employé des bactéries de l'une des souches suivantes : Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347, Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650, et Pseudomonas citronellonis DSM 50332.Pseudomonas, in a nutritive medium in which one of the agents is growth-limiting, gives rise to the formation of poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid. Such bacteria cultures can be obtained from depositaries such as the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland, USA) or the DSM (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, Gôttingen, Germany). Specifically, in the process of the invention, bacteria of one of the following strains were used: Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347, Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650, and Pseudomonas citronellonis DSM 50332.
Nous avons observé que lorsque la fermentation était effectuée selon un mode de culture en continu, par exemple chemostat, par adjonction de la solution de l'agent nutritif au milieu de fermentation, le taux de dilution exerce une influence déterminante sur les rendements en acide poly- β-hydroxy-octanoïque formé. C'est ainsi qu'à des taux de dilution compris entre environ 0,050 et 0,100 h-1, on a obtenu l'acide en question à raison de 14-21 parties en poids pour 100 parties de masse cellulaire sèche. Ce rendement décroît rapidement à des taux de dilution plus élevés, un phénomène inattendu pour lequel nous ne pouvons offrir une explication satisfaisante.We observed that when the fermentation was carried out according to a continuous culture method, for example chemostat, by adding the solution of the nutrient agent to the fermentation medium, the dilution rate exerts a determining influence on the yields of poly acid. - β-hydroxy-octanoic formed. Thus, at dilution rates of between about 0.050 and 0.100 h -1 , the acid in question was obtained in an amount of 14-21 parts by weight per 100 parts of dry cell mass. This yield decreases rapidly at higher dilution rates, an unexpected phenomenon for which we cannot offer a satisfactory explanation.
L'invention a donc trait également à un procédé pour l'obtention d'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque par fermentation aérobique de bactéries capables d'accumuler ledit acide lorsque cultivées dans une solution nutritive riche en carbone et dans laquelle l'un des agents nutritifs est limitatif de croissance, caractérisé en ce que la solution nutritive est ajoutée à la culture de manière à maintenir un taux de dilution compris entre environ 0,050 et 0,100 h-1, qu'on sépare ensuite la biomasse du milieu de culture, qu'on met en suspension la biomasse séparée dans de l'acétone ou de l'isopropanol ou autre solvant déshydratant connu, qu'on filtre la suspension obtenue et met en contact la biomasse solide séchée avec un solvant organique inerte choisi parmi le groupe que voici : acétone, méthylisobutylcétone, diisopropylcétone, diéthylcétone, acétate d'éthyle, acétate de propyle, acétate de butyle, éther diéthylique, éther diisopropylique et tétrahydrofuranne, qu'on sépare la masse solide de la suspension obtenue et évapore enfin la solution claire résultante. L'invention est illustrée de manière plus détaillée par les exemples suivants, dans lesquels les températures sont indiquées en degrés centigrades et les abréviations ont le sens usuel dans l'art. Exemple 1The invention therefore also relates to a process for obtaining poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid by aerobic fermentation of bacteria capable of accumulating said acid when cultivated in a nutrient solution rich in carbon and in which one nutritive agents is growth limiting, characterized in that the nutritive solution is added to the culture so as to maintain a dilution rate of between approximately 0.050 and 0.100 h -1 , which is then separated from the biomass of the culture medium, that the separated biomass is suspended in acetone or isopropanol or other known dehydrating solvent, that the suspension obtained is filtered and the dried solid biomass is brought into contact with an inert organic solvent chosen from the group that here: acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and tetrahydrofura Finally, separate the solid mass from the suspension obtained and finally evaporate the resulting clear solution. The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following examples, in which the temperatures are indicated in degrees centigrade and the abbreviations have the usual meaning in the art. Example 1
Les conditions particulières de fermentation appliquées dans cet exemple sont analogues à celles décrites dans la littérature. Toutefois, comme il sera décrit plus loin, la réaction est effectuée sous des conditions d'état stationnaire, avec donc une concentration constante de biomasse.The particular fermentation conditions applied in this example are similar to those described in the literature. However, as will be described later, the reaction is carried out under steady state conditions, therefore with a constant concentration of biomass.
On a cultivé des bactéries de la souche Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650 dans des conditions aérobiques en ajustant le pH à la valeur 7,0 et à la température de 32°. La fermentation a été effectuée dans un chemostat de 21 dans un milieu nutritif azoté limitatif de croissance dont la composition était la suivante (proportions exprimées par rapport à 1 1 d'eau distillée).Bacteria of the Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650 under aerobic conditions by adjusting the pH to 7.0 and the temperature of 32 °. The fermentation was carried out in a chemostat of 21 in a nitrogen-containing nutrient medium limiting growth, the composition of which was as follows (proportions expressed relative to 1 l of distilled water).
* cette solution avait la composition suivante (proportions exprimées par rapport à 11 d'HCl IN) :* this solution had the following composition (proportions expressed relative to 11 of IN HCl):
Igl FeS04.7H20 2,78Igl FeS0 4 .7H 2 0 2.78
MnCl2.4H20 1,98 CoS0 .7H20 2,81MnCl 2 .4H 2 0 1.98 CoS0 .7H 2 0 2.81
CaCl2.2H20 1,67CaCl 2 .2H 2 0 1.67
CuS04.5H20 0,14CuS0 4 .5H 2 0 0.14
ZnS04.7H20 0,29ZnS0 4 .7H 2 0 0.29
Cette solution nutritive a été ajoutée au milieu de fermentation de sorte à maintenir le taux de dilution à une valeur de 0,085 h-1.This nutrient solution was added to the fermentation medium so as to maintain the dilution rate at a value of 0.085 h -1 .
Après avoir atteint un état stationnaire, à savoir une concentration constante de biomasse et une consommation complète de carbone et azote, la masse cellulaire est stockée dans un réservoir avant centrifugation (30 min), lavée avec de l'eau déminéralisée et centrifugée à nouveau.After reaching a steady state, i.e. a constant concentration of biomass and a complete consumption of carbon and nitrogen, the cell mass is stored in a tank before centrifugation (30 min), washed with demineralized water and centrifuged again.
La masse humide (51,5 g) récoltée à partir de 21 de culture a été mise en suspension dans 250 ml d'isopropanol et agitée à température ambiante jusqu'à l'obtention d'une suspension homogène, puis l'on a filtré au moyen d'un filtre de type Bύchner et 12,4 g de masse cellulaire sèche a été obtenue après séchage à l'air.The wet mass (51.5 g) harvested from 21 of culture was suspended in 250 ml of isopropanol and stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous suspension is obtained, then it is filtered using a Bύchner type filter and 12.4 g of dry cell mass was obtained after air drying.
Cette masse sèche a été mise en suspension dans 155 ml d'acétone et agitée pendant 1 h à température ambiante, puis elle a été filtrée.This dry mass was suspended in 155 ml of acetone and stirred for 1 h at room temperature, then it was filtered.
Le filtrat clair a été enfin évaporé à l'air pour fournir 2,43 g d'un film polymérique translucide. Le contenu en polymère de la masse cellulaire a été déterminé par chromatographie gazeuse de l'ester méthylique de l'acide β-hydroxy-octanoïque obtenu par méthanolyse du polymère [voir par exemple Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54 (1988), 1977]. La proportion de polymère se montait à 20% en poids.The clear filtrate was finally evaporated in air to provide 2.43 g of a translucent polymer film. The polymer content of the cell mass was determined by gas chromatography of the methyl ester of β-hydroxy-octanoic acid obtained by methanolysis of the polymer [see for example Appl. About. Microbiol. 54 (1988), 1977]. The proportion of polymer was 20% by weight.
Exemple 2Example 2
Une biomasse séchée a été obtenue conformément à la méthode décrite à l'exemple précédent.A dried biomass was obtained according to the method described in the previous example.
12,6 g de cette masse ont été mis en suspension dans 126 ml d'acétone et agités 3 h à température ambiante, puis la suspension a été filtrée. Le filtrat clair a été évaporé sous pression réduite à une température ne dépassant pas 40° et 2,63 g de polymère ont été ainsi recueillis. Le poids moléculaire du polymère a été calculé par la formule suivante :12.6 g of this mass were suspended in 126 ml of acetone and stirred for 3 h at room temperature, then the suspension was filtered. The clear filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° and 2.63 g of polymer were thus collected. The molecular weight of the polymer was calculated by the following formula:
MW = 2,11 . 102. [ η ] W* selon Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), 2655, dans laquelle MW représente le poids moléculaire et [ η ] définit la viscosité intrinsèque telle que mesurée à 30° par un viscosimètre digital Brookfiêld. Le polymère a été solubilisé à différentes concentrations dans la cyclohexanone. D'autres essais ont été effectués en mettant en suspension la biomasse séchée dans des solvants autres que l'acétone, par exemple la méthylisobutylcétone, la diisopropylcétone, la diéthylcétone, l'acétate d'éthyle, l'acétate de propyle, l'acétate de butyle, l'éther diéthylique ou encore l'éther diisopropylique.MW = 2.11. 10 2 . [η] W * according to Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), 2655, in which MW represents the molecular weight and [η] defines the intrinsic viscosity as measured at 30 ° by a digital Brookfiêld viscometer. The polymer was solubilized at different concentrations in cyclohexanone. Other tests have been carried out by suspending the dried biomass in solvents other than acetone, for example methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetate butyl, diethyl ether or even diisopropyl ether.
Des résultats similaires ont également été obtenus par fermentation de souches autres que la Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650. C'est ainsi qu'on a employé la Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347 et la Pseudomonas citronellonis DSM 50332. Exemple 3Similar results have also been obtained by fermentation of strains other than Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650. This is how Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347 and Pseudomonas citronellonis DSM 50332 were used. Example 3
Une biomasse séchée a été obtenue conformément à la méthode décrite à l'Exemple 1. La solution nutritive avait la composition suivante (proportions exprimées par rapport à 1 1 d'eau distillée). acide octanoïque 15,12 gA dried biomass was obtained according to the method described in Example 1. The nutrient solution had the following composition (proportions expressed relative to 1 l of distilled water). octanoic acid 15.12 g
NH4C1 1,92 gNH 4 C1 1.92 g
K2HP04 4,40 gK 2 HP0 4 4.40 g
KH2P04 3,40 g MgS04.7H20 1,50 gKH 2 P0 4 3.40 g MgS0 4 .7H 2 0 1.50 g
Na2S04 2,00 g solution d'oligo-éléments dans l'HCl * 5,0 mlNa 2 S0 4 2.00 g solution of trace elements in HCl * 5.0 ml
* cette solution avait la composition suivante (proportions exprimées par rapport à 11 d'HCl IN) :* this solution had the following composition (proportions expressed relative to 11 of IN HCl):
Igl FeS04.7H20 2,78Igl FeS0 4 .7H 2 0 2.78
MnCl2.4H20 1,98MnCl 2 .4H 2 0 1.98
CoS04.7H20 2,81 CaCl2.2H20 1,67CoS0 4 .7H 2 0 2.81 CaCl 2 .2H 2 0 1.67
CuS0 .5H20 0,14CuS0 .5H 2 0 0.14
ZnS04.7H20 0,29ZnS0 4 .7H 2 0 0.29
On a opéré comme indiqué à l'Exemple 1 en ajoutant la solution nutritive au milieu de fermentation de sorte à maintenir le taux de dilution à la valeur indiquée dans le tableau suivant. On a ainsi obtenu l'acide poly-β-hydroxy- octanoïque dans les proportions indiquées exprimées en tant que contenu du polymère dans la masse cellulaire.The operation was carried out as indicated in Example 1, adding the nutritive solution to the fermentation medium so as to maintain the dilution rate at the value indicated in the following table. Poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid was thus obtained in the indicated proportions expressed as the content of the polymer in the cell mass.
(1) taux de dilution(1) dilution rate
(2) acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque [parties en poids] (2) poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid [parts by weight]

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé pour l'obtention d'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque par extraction à l'aide d'un solvant organique d'une biomasse contenant ledit acide et obtenue par fermentation bactérienne sous conditions aérobiques dans un milieu riche en carbone et dans lequel l'un des agents nutritifs est limitatif de croissance, caractérisé en ce qu'on met en contact la biomasse, sous forme préalablement séchée, avec un solvant organique inerte choisi parmi le groupe suivant : acétone, méthylisobutylcétone, diisopropylcétone, diéthylcétone, acétate d'éthyle, acétate de propyle, acétate de butyle, éther diéthylique, éther diisopropylique et tétrahydrofuranne, qu'on sépare la masse solide de la suspension obtenue et évapore enfin la solution claire résultante. 1. Method for obtaining poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid by extraction using an organic solvent from a biomass containing said acid and obtained by bacterial fermentation under aerobic conditions in a medium rich in carbon and in which one of the nutritive agents is growth limiting, characterized in that the biomass is brought into contact, in previously dried form, with an inert organic solvent chosen from the following group: acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetate ethyl, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, the solid mass is separated from the suspension obtained and finally the resulting clear solution is evaporated.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la proportion de la biomasse séchée par rapport à l'acétone est comprise entre environ 7,5 et 15% (poids/volume).2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the proportion of the dried biomass relative to acetone is between about 7.5 and 15% (weight / volume).
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la proportion de la biomasse séchée par rapport au tétrahydrofuranne est comprise entre environ 7,5 et 15% (poids /volume).3. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the proportion of the dried biomass relative to tetrahydrofuran is between about 7.5 and 15% (weight / volume).
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la biomasse est obtenue par fermentation de bactéries du genre Pseudomonas.4. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the biomass is obtained by fermentation of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que la biomasse est obtenue par fermentation des bactéries appartenant à l'une des souches suivantes :5. Method according to claim 4 characterized in that the biomass is obtained by fermentation of bacteria belonging to one of the following strains:
Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347, Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650, et Pseudomonas citronellonis DSM 50332.Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC 29347, Pseudomonas sp. DSM 1650, and Pseudomonas citronellonis DSM 50332.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la biomasse est constituée par une masse cellulaire séchée obtenue par l'adjonction d'acétone ou d'isopropanol à la masse cellulaire humide suivie de filtration et séchage à l'air de la masse solide séparée.6. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the biomass consists of a dried cell mass obtained by the addition of acetone or isopropanol to the wet cell mass followed by filtration and air drying of the solid mass separate.
7. Procédé pour l'obtention d'acide poly-β-hydroxy-octanoïque par fermentation aérobique de bactéries capables d'accumuler ledit acide lorsque cultivées dans une solution nutritive riche en carbone et dans laquelle l'un des agents nutritifs est limitatif de croissance, caractérisé en ce que la solution nutritive est ajoutée à la culture de manière à maintenir un taux de dilution compris entre environ 0,050 et 0,100 h"1, qu'on sépare ensuite la biomasse du milieu de culture, qu'on met en suspension la biomasse séparée dans de l'acétone ou de l'isopropanol, qu'on filtre la suspension obtenue et met en contact la biomasse séchée avec un solvant organique inerte choisi parmi le groupe que voici : acétone, méthylisobutylcétone, diisopropylcétone, diéthylcétone, acétate d'éthyle, acétate de propyle, acétate de butyle, éther diéthylique, éther diisopropylique et tétrahydrofuranne, qu'on sépare la masse solide de la suspension obtenue et évapore enfin la solution claire résultante. 7. Method for obtaining poly-β-hydroxy-octanoic acid by aerobic fermentation of bacteria capable of accumulating said acid when cultivated in a nutritive solution rich in carbon and in which one of the nutritive agents is growth limiting , characterized in that the nutrient solution is added to the culture so as to maintain a dilution rate of between approximately 0.050 and 0.100 h -1 , which is then separated from the biomass culture medium, which suspends the separated biomass in acetone or isopropanol, that the suspension obtained is filtered and the dried biomass is brought into contact with an inert organic solvent chosen from the group below: acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, the solid mass is separated from the suspension obtained and finally the resulting clear solution is evaporated.
EP92923487A 1991-11-29 1992-11-13 METHOD FOR OBTAINING POLY-$g(b)-HYDROXY-OCTANOIC ACID Ceased EP0569569A1 (en)

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