EP0412955B1 - Slope modules and wall or slope structures made with these modules - Google Patents

Abstract

A slope module which is suitable for constructing cultivatable walls or slope structures has a wooden front part (1) projecting from the slope and a rear part (2) accommodated in the slope or in the wall. The front part (1) is inclined to the vertical in order to enlarge the location space for plants. Slots (13) into which ground anchor strips (14) can be put are provided in the webs (12) of the frame-like rear part (2) running perpendicularly to the front part (1). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an embankment element for the construction of walls or embankment structures that can be planted and filled with soil, which, when installed in a wall or embankment, consists of an approximately shield - like front part made of wood and a wall or embankment protruding from the embankment and one in the wall or earth-encased and earth-filled rear part received in the embankment, with which the front part is connected to support the wall or embankment.

Various embankment elements are known for the erection of walls or embankment structures filled with earth. Thus, embankment elements made of concrete belong to the prior art, the front part of which protrudes from the embankment and the rear part of which extends into the embankment (cf. DE-A-38 10 031 or EP-A-0 320 639).

From US-A-4 229 123 an approximately box-like slope element is known, the raised front of which protrudes from the slope, whereas the rear part extends into the slope. This known slope element consists of a uniform, one-piece body made of a homogeneous material, such as concrete.

US-A-4 671 706 describes an embankment element with an approximately shield-like front part which protrudes from the embankment and an essentially trough-like rear part which has a floor and extends into the embankment. This slope element also represents a homogeneous body made of concrete or the like.

EP-A-0 320 639 describes an embankment block made of concrete, which consists of a shield-like front part and a frame-shaped rear part. This well-known slope module is also made in one piece from concrete.

DE-A 31 21 681 is a latticed wall made of prefabricated parts known. In this document, supports made entirely of wood are described as disadvantageous because the bottom of the wooden supports will rot sooner or later due to the water standing there. In DE-A 31 21 681 it is therefore proposed to manufacture the beams from concrete and to provide a paneling made of wood.

However, concrete has several disadvantages, which are explained in more detail below. The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an embankment element which is not made of concrete, which gives the wall or embankment structure erected with it as natural as possible and which is made in composite construction, so that different front parts and rear parts can be combined with one another, if this is desired. The embankment element according to the invention should also be designed such that it can be assembled from individual parts for reasons of economical storage and economical transport.

This object is achieved in that both the front part and the rear part consist exclusively of wood and that the slope element has no floor. In this way, both the disadvantages of the material concrete and the problems with wood described in DE-A 31 21 681 are avoided.

The embankment element according to the invention with its wooden front part initially offers the advantage, compared to embankment elements made of concrete or the like, that wood, as a poor heat conductor, prevents the earth with which the embankment element is filled from heating up as a result of solar radiation. This effect is particularly important because wood only has about a tenth of the thermal conductivity of concrete. This heat-insulating property benefits the growth of the plants with which the embankment structure or the wall is planted. A further advantage of the wooden front parts provided according to the invention is given by the lower water absorption capacity of wood compared to concrete or the like. As is known, concrete extracts moisture from the soil and releases it into the air, which means that the plants tend to suffer from a lack of water.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the front part is a round wooden disc that has a straight underside. Alternatively, it can be provided that the front part is a wooden board machined at its corners and / or edges, which has a straight underside. These embodiments offer the advantage that there is a particularly natural looking slope element.

The slope element according to the invention can also be characterized in that the underside of the front part is oriented essentially horizontally in the position of use of the slope element. This embodiment makes it easier to move the embankment elements according to the invention when a wall or an embankment structure is built from them.

In one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the top of the rear part in the use position of the slope element is lower than the top of the front part and that the bottom of the rear part lies in one plane with the underside of the front part. An embankment element designed in this way can be particularly easily filled with earth and at the same time offers a good hold for the wall or embankment structure constructed from the embankment elements according to the invention.

It is preferred in the context of the invention that the rear part is composed of several individual parts made of wood. Usually both the front part and the rear part are made of impregnated wood, in particular pressure-impregnated wood.

According to one embodiment of the invention, that the front part forms an acute angle with the vertical and is inclined forward. In this embodiment, there is the advantage that the receiving space inside the embankment element, which is delimited by the front part and the rear part, is enlarged and, in particular, does not impede the growth of plants with which the embankment structure or the wall is planted on its upper side.

The stability of the embankment element according to the invention or the wall or embankment structure erected from it is improved if, according to a proposal of the invention, it is provided that the inside corner between the top of the rear part and the back of the front part in the position of use of the embankment element essentially perpendicular above the front edge of the underside of the front part.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the slope element is characterized in that the underside of the rear web of the rear part parallel to the front part is arranged higher in the position of use of the slope element than the underside of the rear part and the underside of the front part. This not only saves material, but it also has the advantage that the roots of the plants with which the wall or the slope structure is planted can grow unhindered into the earth beneath the wall or the slope structure. Furthermore, an improved handling of the element is achieved because the rear web can be accessed.

The stability of the slope element according to the invention is further improved if it is provided that the front part is reinforced on its surface facing the rear part by a plate, for example a board made of wood. This also reduces the risk of the front part jumping.

If, as proposed in the context of the invention, it is provided that the embankment element is composed of individual parts using releasable connecting elements, such as angles, hinges, socket pins, dowels, tongue and groove connections, screws or the like, then the embankment element not only can it be stored and transported in a space-saving manner, but it is also possible to put together embankment elements that are adapted to the respective circumstances.

In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the rear part has slots or the like on its upper side. Receptacles for fixing anchor bands on embankment elements. It can further be provided that the slots or the like. Recordings are provided in the webs of the rear part perpendicular to the front part. It is preferred if in the webs of the rear part in the section arranged between the slot and the web of the rear part running parallel to the front part, reinforcing elements, e.g. at least one nail are used. Instead of the receptacles designed as slots, receptacles in the form of hooks, pins, eyes can also be provided, which protrude upward from the top of the rear parts of the slope elements and are fastened in or on the rear part. This measure further improves the stability of walls or slope structures made from the slope elements according to the invention, since the elements are anchored using the so-called ground anchor method. This also has the advantage that stable retaining walls or embankment structures can be erected with a relatively light wall construction. The reinforcement elements next to the sledges prevent the wooden bridges from breaking out.

In particular if narrow and not very high walls are to be erected, an embankment element can be used, which according to the invention is thereby characterized in that it is symmetrical, the rear part being arranged as a central part between two front parts.

The invention also extends to walls or embankment structures made from embankment elements according to the invention.

In one embodiment, such a wall or an embankment structure can be characterized in that the embankment elements are connected to ground anchor bands or the like, which are attached to opposite embankment elements, in particular the rear parts of opposite embankment elements.

In another embodiment of the invention, the wall or the embankment structure has the peculiarity that the embankment elements are connected with ground anchor bands or the like, which are anchored in the backfilling of the wall or the embankment.

In both of the above-mentioned embodiments it can be provided that the ground anchor bands are inserted into the slots or the like. Receptacles of the slope elements.

If the embankment elements are anchored in the backfill of the wall or the embankment, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that the ground anchor bands are fixed to anchors inserted in the backfill of the wall or the embankment. It is preferred if an anchor peg is provided as an anchor behind each slope element.

Within the scope of the invention, anchoring tapes are preferably used which are textile tapes made of rot-proof material and closed to form endless loops. Endless loops can also be closed by means of connecting means such as buckles, clamps or the like, which tension or adjust the length of the Allow loop.

A wall of embankment elements according to the invention can also be characterized in that at least some embankment elements are attached to a vertical wall or the like via their rear parts, in particular the webs of the rear parts, which are essentially parallel to the front part. In particular, slope elements will be attached to the wall, which are arranged at a certain distance above the ground, for example at a distance of 1.5 m above the ground.

Further details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the exemplary embodiments which are shown schematically in the drawings.

• Fig. 1 ein Böschungselement in Schrägansicht,
• Fig. 2 das Böschungselement aus Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt,
• Fig. 3 eine andere Ausführungsform einen Frontteils eines Böschungselementes,
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf das Böschungselement aus Fig. 1,
• Fig. 5 ein Böschungselement mit zwei Frontteilen,
• Fig. 6 eine andere Ausführungsform eines Böschungselementes,
• Fig. 7 eine aus erfindungsgemäßen Böschungselementen errichtete Stützwand im Vertikalschnitt,
• Fig. 8 die Stützwand aus Fig. 7 in Draufsicht,
• Fig. 9 eine Lärmschutzwand aus Böschungselementen im Vertikalschnitt,
• Fig. 10 ein Böschungsbauwerk zur Verkleidung einer Mauer im Vertikalschnitt und
• Fig. 11 eine andere Ausführungsform einer Mauerverkleidung mit Böschungselementen.

It shows:

• 1 is a slope element in an oblique view,
• 2 shows the slope element from FIG. 1 in longitudinal section,
• 3 shows another embodiment of a front part of an embankment element,
• 4 is a plan view of the slope element from FIG. 1,
• 5 an embankment element with two front parts,
• 6 shows another embodiment of an embankment element,
• 7 is a vertical section of a retaining wall constructed from slope elements according to the invention,
• 8 is a top view of the support wall from FIG. 7,
• 9 is a noise protection wall made of embankment elements in vertical section,
• Fig. 10 is a slope structure for cladding a wall in vertical section and
• Fig. 11 shows another embodiment of a wall cladding with embankment elements.

The slope element shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 consists of a front part 1, which is a round wood disc and a rear part 2 composed of wooden strips or panels 11 or 12. As shown in particular in FIG. 2, the front part 1 is inclined inclined forward, the arrangement being such that the inner corner 7 between the rear of the front part 1 and the upper end face 4 of the rear part 2 in the use position of the slope element is arranged substantially perpendicularly above the front edge 8 of the underside 3 of the front part 1.

The rear web 11 of the rear part 2, which runs parallel to the front part 1, ends at a distance above the underside 6 of the rear part 2.

From Fig. 2 it can also be seen that the bottom 6 of the rear part 2 and the just formed bottom 3 of the front part 1 are arranged in one plane. In contrast, the top 4 of the rear part 2 is arranged at a distance below the top 5 of the front part 1.

Instead of the front part 1 made of a piece of round wood, a front part can be used which, as shown in FIG. 3, consists of a wooden board, the vertical and upper horizontal edges of which are chamfered, as shown in FIG. 3.

The front part 1 can with the help of a board or a plate on its rear side facing the rear part 2 be reinforced to avoid cracking. Furthermore, it is possible to reinforce the front part 1 on its rear side with a covering made of glass fiber-reinforced synthetic resin or the like.

In the embodiment of the slope element according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the rear part 2 of the same is frame-like and made of wood. The rear part is composed of individual parts (webs 11 and 12) and is held together with the aid of known connecting elements, not shown in the drawing. The connecting elements are preferably such that the rear part 2 can be easily assembled, and also the connecting elements which connect the front part 1 to the rear part 2 are selected so that a simple connection is possible.

Due to the inclination of the front part 1 to the rear part 2, the slope elements according to the invention can be stacked vertically one above the other, so that vertical walls can also be erected (cf. FIGS. 7, 9 and 11). The inclined position of the front parts 1 of the embankment elements according to the invention is very advantageous for supporting the embankment between the embankment elements because a flatter design of the embankment is made possible than with vertical front parts of the embankment elements. The inclination of the front parts also increases the planting area, which is generally the goal when creating embankment structures.

As mentioned, the front part 1 shown in Fig. 3 is made of a wooden board, which is processed at its corners and edges.

To connect the front part 1 to the rear part 2, grooves can be milled into the rear of the front part 1, mounting holes drilled in or connecting elements such as hinges, angles, pins or the like can be fastened.

In any case, care is taken to ensure that the rear parts are produced rationally and in series and can then be connected to the desired front parts 1.

5 shows in longitudinal section a double-sided slope element. This has front parts 1 on both end faces, which are connected to a preferably frame-shaped central part 10. Such slope elements can e.g. for the erection of vertical, free-standing walls, such as noise or privacy screens. But it is also possible to use these embankment elements for the production of beds.

The embankment element shown in FIG. 6 is made entirely of wood and has a front part 1 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and a rear part 2. In the embodiment of the embankment element shown in FIG. 6, the web 11 running parallel to the front part 1 is Rear part 2 attached to the rear end faces of the two webs 12 perpendicular to the front part 1.

Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a slot 13 is provided in each web 12 on the upper side thereof, into which the anchoring band 14, also indicated schematically in FIG. 6, can be hung. The ground anchor tape 14 is preferably a textile tape made of rot-proof material, such as a plastic (eg nylon or Perlon). Between the slots 13 and the crossbar 11 are inserted into the webs 12 of the rear part 2 reinforcing elements, for example nails 22.

The support wall shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 consists of embankment elements stacked vertically one above the other and offset from one another in the various groups, it being shown that the front parts 1 of these embankment elements are reinforced on their rear side by a further plate 21 made of wood. 7 and 8 show how the slope elements are anchored to the ground anchor bands 14 on an anchor peg 15. The ground anchor bands 14 are suspended in the slots 13 in the webs 12 of the rear part 2 of the slope elements. Fig. 8 shows that an anchor peg 15 is provided behind embankment elements one above the other.

In the noise protection wall shown in FIG. 9, embankment elements which are stacked vertically one above the other and offset are provided on both sides of the wall, according to the invention, between which soil is filled. In order to anchor the embankment elements to one another, the ground anchor bands 14 are each suspended in the slots 13 in the rear parts 2 of opposite embankment elements.

As with the support wall shown in FIG. 7, ballast beds 17 are provided under the lowest embankment elements in order to form a secure standing surface.

10 shows how a wall 16, in front of which a profiled earth filling 18 is provided, can be clad using embankment elements according to the invention. Here, too, a ballast bed 17 is provided under the lowest embankment element. Between the earth fill 18 and the masonry 16 there is preferably a moisture insulation 19 in the form of a plastic film, Roofing felt or the like.

11 shows how a wall 16 can be covered vertically, using slope elements according to the invention which are stacked vertically one above the other. It is provided that from a height of approximately 1.5 m the slope elements are anchored in the masonry 16 via their webs 11 running parallel to the front parts 1, as is indicated in FIG. 11 by the wall plug 20. Even in the case of the vertical wall cladding made of embankment elements according to the invention, a ballast bed 17 is provided under the lowest embankment element and moisture insulation 19 is provided between the earth filling and the masonry.

In the case of walls made of the slope elements according to the invention, not all slope elements e.g. be anchored with anchor bands 14. In certain cases it is sufficient to anchor individual slope elements. This also applies to the supporting wall or noise barrier shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9.

Claims (22)

1. Incline member for the erection of plantable walls or inclined structures which are filled with earth, said member, when built into a wall or an incline, comprising an approximately shield-like front portion (1) made of wood, projecting out of the wall or incline, and a rear portion (2), accommodated in the wall or incline, surrounded by earth and filled with earth, with which the front portion (1) is connected in order to support the wall or incline, characterised in that both the front portion (1) and the rear portion (2) are made exclusively of wood, and in that the incline member has no bottom.
2. Incline member according to claim 1, characterised in that the front portion (1) is a circular wooden disc having a rectilinear underside (3).
3. Incline member according to claim 1, characterised in that the front portion (1) is a wooden board processed at its corners and/or edges, which has a rectilinear underside (3).
4. Incline member according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the underside (3) of the front portion (1) , when the incline member is in the position of use, is oriented substantially horizontally.
5. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the upper side (4) of the rear portion (2), when in the position of use of the incline member, is situated lower down than the upper side (5) of the front portion (1), and in that the underside (6) of the rear portion (2) lies on a common plane with the underside (3) of the front portion (1).
6. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the rear portion (2) is composed of a plurality of individual wooden parts (11, 12).
7. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the front portion (1) encloses an acute angle with the vertical and is obliquely inclined forwards.
8. Incline member according to claim 7, characterised in that the internal corner (7) between the upper side (4) of the rear portion (2) and the rear side of the front portion (1), in the position of use of the incline member, lies substantially perpendicularly above the forward edge (8) of the underside (3) of the front portion (1).
9. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the underside (3) of the rear web of the rear portion (2), lying parallel to the front portion (1), when in the position of use of the incline member, is disposed higher up than the underside (6) of the rear portion (2) and the underside (3) of the front portion (1).
10. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the front portion (1) is reinforced on its surface facing the rear portion (2) by a panel (21), e.g. a wooden board.
11. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that it is assembled from individual parts (1, 11, 12) using releasable connecting members such as angle-pieces, hinges, socket bolts, dowels, spring-groove attachments, screws or the like.
12. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the rear portion (2) has on its upper side (4) slots (13) or the like receiving means for anchoring strips.
13. Incline member according to claim 12, characterised in that the slots (13) or the like receiving means are provided in the webs (12) of the rear portion (2) which are vertical relative to the front portion (1).
14. Incline member according to claim 13, characterised in that reinforcing means (22), e.g. at least a nail, are inserted in the webs (12) of the rear portion (2) , in the section disposed between the slot (13) and the web (11) of the rear portion (2) parallel to the front portion (1).
15. Incline member according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it is symmetrical in shape, the rear portion being disposed as a central portion (10) between two front portions (1).
16. Wall or inclined structure composed of incline members according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the incline members, or individual ones thereof, are connected to earth anchoring strips (14) or the like, which are attached to oppositely-situated incline members, particularly to the rear portions (2) of oppositely-situated incline members.
17. Wall or inclined structure composed of incline members according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the incline members, or individual ones thereof, are connected to earth anchoring strips (14) or the like, which are secured in the backfilling of the wall or incline.
18. Wall or inclined structure according to claim 16 or 17, characterised in that the earth anchoring strips (14) are inserted into the slots (13) or the like receiving means in the incline members.
19. Wall or inclined structure according to claim 17, characterised in that the earth anchoring strips (14) are secured to anchors inserted in the backfilling of the wall or incline.
20. Wall or inclined structure according to claim 19, characterised in that an anchor plug (15) is provided as an anchor respectively behind incline members which lie one vertically above the other.
21. Wall or inclined structure according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterised in that the earth-anchoring strips (14) comprise closed textile strips of rot-proof material, formed into endless if necessary longitudinally-adjustable loops.
22. Wall or inclined structure composed of incline members according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that at least individual incline members are secured to a vertical wall (16) or like structure by means of the rear portions (2) of said incline members, in particular the webs of the rear portions (2) extending substantially parallel to the front portion (1).

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