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EP0337155B1 - Power supply network for vehicle - Google Patents

Power supply network for vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337155B1
EP0337155B1 EP89104852A EP89104852A EP0337155B1 EP 0337155 B1 EP0337155 B1 EP 0337155B1 EP 89104852 A EP89104852 A EP 89104852A EP 89104852 A EP89104852 A EP 89104852A EP 0337155 B1 EP0337155 B1 EP 0337155B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
electrical system
motor vehicle
vehicle according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89104852A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0337155A3 (en
EP0337155A2 (en
Inventor
Manfred Dip.-Ing. Frister
Friedhelm Dipl.-Ing. Meyer
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0337155A2 publication Critical patent/EP0337155A2/en
Publication of EP0337155A3 publication Critical patent/EP0337155A3/en
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Publication of EP0337155B1 publication Critical patent/EP0337155B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • F02N11/0866—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/143—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrical system for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • connection 12 would be at minus 12 volts.
  • a voltage ring network 28 for example a multiplex ring network, is connected to the same terminals 12 and 14 and supplies consumers 21a, b, c with voltage via components 23a, b, c. These components 23 are controlled with the aid of an electronic circuit 37, which is connected to the components 23a, b, c via a data ring line 29.
  • the electronic circuit 37 also controls a DC / DC converter 38 and a DC / AC converter 39, both of which are supplied with voltage via the ring network 28.
  • a heating disk 40 is connected to the DC / AC converter and operates with an 80 volt, 1 kHz alternating voltage becomes.
  • the DC / DC converter supplies a 5 volt DC voltage which is present on a battery 32 and which supplies the electronic circuit 37 with voltage.
  • the power supply to the consumers can also be accomplished by means of a radiation or mesh network.
  • the individual components of the circuit are connected to one another via the data ring line 29 and are controlled by means of the electronic circuit 37.
  • the two generators can be driven by a multi-ribbed belt, reducing the torque required per generator and distributing the belt forces to different belt sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Bordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention is based on an electrical system for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of the main claim.

Die Erzeugung elektrischer Energie für ein Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz erfolgt gewöhnlich mit einem Drehstromgenerator dessen Ausgangsspannung mit einem Spannungsregler auf den für die Spannungsversorgung des Bordnetzes erforderlichen Wert geregelt wird. Als Energiespeicher dient dabei eine Batterie, die jedoch oft den an sie gestellten Anforderungen nicht entspricht. Es sind daher Kraftfahrzeugbordnetzsysteme vorgeschlagen worden, die zwei in Serie geschaltete Batterien aufweisen, die wiederum von einem oder von zwei Generatoren mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden.Electrical energy for a motor vehicle electrical system is usually generated using a three-phase generator, the output voltage of which is regulated by a voltage regulator to the value required for the voltage supply of the electrical system. A battery serves as an energy store, but often does not meet the requirements placed on it. Motor vehicle electrical system systems have therefore been proposed which have two batteries connected in series, which in turn are supplied with electrical energy by one or two generators.

Aus der DE-OS 33 09 856 ist ein Gleichstrom-Bordnetzsystem für ein Fahrzeug bekannt, in dem ein Wechselstromgenerator mit zwei magnetisch voneinander getrennten Feldwicklungen und zugehörigen Ankerwicklungen über zwei Gleichrichtersysteme zwei Speicherbatterien, die in Serie geschaltet sind, mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Dabei wird die Spannung mittels zweier Spannungsregler so geregelt, daß die an den beiden Batterien anliegende Spannung jeweils denselben Wert, im Ausführungsbeispiel der DE-OS 33 09 856 jeweils 12 Volt beträgt. Da die beiden Batterien in Serie geschaltet sind, kann zwischen der einen Klemme der ersten Batterie und der anderen Klemme der zweiten Batterie die Summe der beiden Batteriespannungen abgegriffen werden, im genannten Ausführungsbeispiel also 24 Volt.From DE-OS 33 09 856 a DC electrical system for a vehicle is known, in which an AC generator with two magnetically separated field windings and associated armature windings via two rectifier systems, two storage batteries, which are connected in series, supplied with electrical energy. The voltage is regulated by means of two voltage regulators so that the voltage applied to the two batteries is the same value, in each case 12 volts in the exemplary embodiment of DE-OS 33 09 856. Since the two batteries are connected in series, the sum of the two battery voltages can be tapped between the one terminal of the first battery and the other terminal of the second battery, ie 24 volts in the exemplary embodiment mentioned.

Ein Bordnetzsystem gemäß der Offenlegungsschrift DE-OS 33 09 856 hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß die beiden Batterien dieselbe Nennspannung aufweisen, für einige Verbraucher wäre es günstiger, wenn man sie direkt an eine einzige Batterie mit höherer Nennspannung anschließen könnte, statt an die Serienschaltung zweier Batterien.An on-board power supply system according to the published patent application DE-OS 33 09 856 has the disadvantage, however, that the two batteries have the same nominal voltage, for some consumers it would be more favorable if they could be connected directly to a single battery with a higher nominal voltage than to the series connection of two Batteries.

Aus der US-PS 4 045 718 ist ein weiteres Bordnetz bekannt, bei dem zwei Batterien miteinander in Serie geschaltet sind. Die Nennspannung dieser Batterien beträgt im Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils 12 Volt, es wird jedoch auch erwähnt, daß Batterien mit unterschiedlichen Nennspannungen verwendbar seien. Der Starter ist bei diesem bekannten Bordnetz mit dem Minuspol der einen Batterie und mit dem Pluspul der anderen Batterie verbunden, so daß er an der höchstmöglichen Spannung liegt, bei der Serienschaltung von zwei 12 Volt-Batterien also an insgesamt 24 Volt.Another on-board electrical system is known from US Pat. No. 4,045,718, in which two batteries are connected in series with one another. The nominal voltage of these batteries is 12 volts in the exemplary embodiment, but it is also mentioned that batteries with different nominal voltages can be used. The starter in this known electrical system is connected to the negative pole of one battery and to the positive pulse of the other battery, so that it is connected to the highest possible voltage, ie a total of 24 volts when two 12 volt batteries are connected in series.

Das bekannte Bordnetz hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß der Starter während des Startvorgangs beide Batterien belastet, daher werden sämtliche im Kraftfahrzeug vorhandenen Verbraucher beeinträchtigt.However, the known on-board electrical system has the disadvantage that the starter loads both batteries during the starting process, so that all consumers present in the motor vehicle are impaired.

Ein weiteres, aus der DE-OS 30 07 941 bekanntes Bordnetz, das ebenfalls die Reihenschaltung von zwei 12 Volt-Batterien aufweist und bei dem der Starter ebenfalls mit dem Pluspol der einen und dem Minuspul der anderen Batterie verbunden ist, weist denselben Nachteil wie das aus der US-PS 4 045 718 bekannte Bordnetz auf.Another, known from DE-OS 30 07 941 electrical system, which also has the series connection of two 12 volt batteries and in which the starter is also connected to the positive pole of one and the negative coil of the other battery, has the same disadvantage as that known from the US-PS 4 045 718 electrical system.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Bordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß durch die Verwendung zweier Generatoren bzw. Batterien mit unterschiedlicher Nennspannung die Verbraucher entsprechend ihrem Spannungsbedarf wahlweise an die Batterie mit der geeigneteren Nennspannung angeschlossen werden können. Durch die Serienschaltung der beiden Batterien mit unterschiedlicher Nennspannung kann darüber hinaus als Summe der beiden unterschiedlichen Einzelspannungen direkt eine dritte Spannung abgegriffen werden.The vehicle electrical system according to the invention for a motor vehicle with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that by using two generators or batteries with different nominal voltage, the consumers can be connected to the battery with the more suitable nominal voltage according to their voltage requirements. Through the series connection of the two batteries with different nominal voltages, a third voltage can also be tapped directly as the sum of the two different individual voltages.

Da der Pluspol der einen Batterie, der mit dem Minuspol der anderen Batterie verbunden ist, auf Masse liegt, können den Verbrauchern positive und negative Spannungen zur Verfügung gestellt werden, wobei je nach Bedarf der Absolutwert der positven oder der negativen Spannung höher ist.Since the positive pole of one battery, which is connected to the negative pole of the other battery, is connected to ground, positive and negative voltages can be made available to the consumers, the absolute value of the positive or negative voltage being higher as required.

Da die Wahl der Nennspannung der beiden Generatoren bzw. der beiden Batterien weitgehend frei erfolgen kann, kann sie entsprechend den jeweiligen Erfordernissen erfolgen. Eine optimale Ladung der beiden Batterien ist durch den Einsatz zweier Generatoren auch bei ungleichmäßiger Bordnetzbelastung möglich.Since the choice of the nominal voltage of the two generators or the two batteries can largely be made freely, it can be made according to the respective requirements. Optimal charging of the two batteries is possible through the use of two generators even when the electrical system load is uneven.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des erfindungsgemäßen Bordnetzes für ein Kraftfahrzeug möglich. Insbesondere können spannungsempfindliche Bauteile, beispielsweise für die Zündung und/oder Einspritzung an der einen Batterie und der Starter an der anderen Batterie, mit der höheren Spannung angeschlossen werden, womit der Spannungseinbruch beim Start die spannungsempfindlichen Bauteile nicht stört.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the vehicle electrical system according to the invention for a motor vehicle are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims. In particular, voltage-sensitive components, for example for ignition and / or injection on one battery and the starter on the other battery, can be connected with the higher voltage, so that the voltage drop at the start does not disturb the voltage-sensitive components.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Figur 1 dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. In Figur 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung aufgezeigt, das einige Details des Bordnetzes zeigt. Die in Figur 1 verwendeten Bezugszeichen werden in Figur 2 für entsprechende Elemente wieder verwendet.An embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1 and is explained in more detail in the following description. FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, which shows some details of the electrical system. The reference symbols used in FIG. 1 are used again in FIG. 2 for corresponding elements.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Figur 1 ist schematisch ein Bordnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug dargestellt. Zwei Batterien 10 und 11 sind miteinander in Serie geschaltet, wobei die negative Klemme der Batterie 10 und die positive Klemme der Batterie 11 miteinander verbunden sind. Der Pluspol der Batterie 10 ist mit einem Spannungsabgriff bzw. Spannungsanschluß 12 verbunden, der Minuspol der Batterie 10 bzw. der Pluspol der Batterie 11 mit einem Spannungsabgriff 13 bzw. mit Masse und der Pluspol der Batterie 11 mit einem Spannungsabgriff 14. Zwischen Klemme 12 und Masse sind ein erster Generator 15, ein erster Motor 17, beispielsweise die Kraftstoffpumpe, eine erste Lampe 19, ein Verbraucher 21, der beispielsweise die für Zündung und/oder Einspritzung wesentliche Bauteile repräsentiert sowie ein Gleichspannungswandler 22 geschaltet. Zwischen den Spannungswandler 22 und Masse sind elektronische Bauelemente 23 angeschlossen. Zwischen die Spannungsklemme 14 und Masse ist ein zweiter Generator 16, ein zweiter Motor 18, beispielsweise der Scheibenwischermotor sowie weitere Verbraucher 20 geschaltet. An die Klemmen 12 und 14 ist ein weiterer Verbraucher 24 sowie gegebenenfalls ein zusätzlicher Motor 25, beispielsweise das Gebläse angeschlossen.An electrical system for a motor vehicle is shown schematically in FIG. Two batteries 10 and 11 are connected in series with one another, the negative terminal of the battery 10 and the positive terminal of the battery 11 being connected to one another. The positive pole of the battery 10 is connected to a voltage tap or voltage terminal 12, the negative pole of the battery 10 or the positive pole of the battery 11 to a voltage tap 13 or to ground and the positive pole of the battery 11 to a voltage tap 14. Between terminal 12 and Ground are a first generator 15, a first motor 17, for example the fuel pump, a first lamp 19, a consumer 21, for example those for ignition and / or injection represents essential components and switched a DC-DC converter 22. Electronic components 23 are connected between the voltage converter 22 and ground. A second generator 16, a second motor 18, for example the windshield wiper motor and further consumers 20, are connected between the voltage terminal 14 and ground. A further consumer 24 and optionally an additional motor 25, for example the fan, are connected to the terminals 12 and 14.

Der Starter 26 wird von der Batterie 11 über die Spannungsanlüsse 13 und 14 mit Spannung versorgt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 hat die Batterie 10 bzw. der Generator 15 eine Nennspannung von 12 Volt, die Batterie 11 bzw. der Generator 16 haben eine Nennspannung von 24 Volt.The starter 26 is supplied with voltage by the battery 11 via the voltage connections 13 and 14. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, battery 10 and generator 15 have a nominal voltage of 12 volts, battery 11 and generator 16 have a nominal voltage of 24 volts.

Im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 wird der Starter 26, der Motor 18 sowie ein Verbraucher 20 mit einer Spannung von 24 Volt betrieben, dabei ist der Motor 18 ein Leistungsverbraucher, beispielsweise ein Motor für die Wasserpumpe oder die Ölpumpe, die Verbraucher 20 sind spannungsunempfindliche Verbraucher mit hoher Leistungsaufnahme, beispielsweise Sitzheizungen, heizbare Heckscheibe usw. Für diese Motoren bzw. Verbraucher ist es unerheblich, wenn im Startfall infolge der großen Leistungsaufnahme des Starters die Batteriespannung der Batterie 11 zeitweilig stark absinkt.In the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the starter 26, the motor 18 and a consumer 20 are operated with a voltage of 24 volts, the motor 18 being a power consumer, for example a motor for the water pump or the oil pump, and the consumers 20 are voltage-insensitive consumers with high power consumption, for example seat heating, heated rear window, etc. For these motors or consumers, it is irrelevant if the battery voltage of the battery 11 drops temporarily temporarily due to the high power consumption of the starter.

Zwischen die Klemmen 12 und 14, im Ausführungsbeispiel also an 36 Volt können weitere spannungsunempfindliche Verbraucher, die möglichst hohe Spannung benötigen, vorzugsweise heizbare Frontscheiben oder auch zusätzliche Motoren 25, die während des Startvorgangs nicht in Betrieb sind, geschaltet werden.Between the terminals 12 and 14, in the exemplary embodiment at 36 volts, further voltage-insensitive consumers, which require the highest possible voltage, preferably heated windshields or also additional motors 25, which are not in operation during the starting process, can be connected.

Die Batterie 10 in Ausführungsausbeispiel 1 ist eine Batterie mit 12 Volt Nennspannung, sie versorgt die spannungsempfindlichen Bauelemente wie Glühlampen, Kleinverbraucher, Spannungswandler und über die Spannungswandler auch elektronische Bauelemente mit der erforderlichen konstanten Spannung. Da der Starter nicht von der Batterie 10 mit Leistung versorgt wird, treten für die an die Batterie 10 angeschlossenen Verbraucher im Startfall keinerlei Probleme bezüglich eines Spannungseinbruchs auf. Daher werden die für Zündung und Einspritzung wesentlichen Bauteile mit der Batterie 10 (12 Volt Nennspannung) verbunden, in Figur 1 werden diese Bauteile durch den Verbraucher 21 repräsentiert.The battery 10 in exemplary embodiment 1 is a battery with a nominal voltage of 12 volts, it supplies the voltage-sensitive components such as incandescent lamps, small consumers, voltage converters and, via the voltage converters, also electronic components with the required constant voltage. Since the starter is not supplied with power by the battery 10, no problems with regard to a voltage drop occur for the consumers connected to the battery 10 in the event of a start. Therefore, the components essential for ignition and injection are connected to the battery 10 (12 volt nominal voltage). In FIG. 1, these components are represented by the consumer 21.

Die Verbraucher, die mit 12 Volt bzw. mit 24 Volt versorgt werden, können einseitig an Masse liegen. Die in Figur 1 dargestellten 36 Volt-Verbraucher 24 und 25 müssen dagegen beidpolig von Masse isoliert sein.The consumers that are supplied with 12 volts or 24 volts can be connected to ground on one side. The 36 volt loads 24 and 25 shown in FIG. 1, on the other hand, must be insulated from ground on both poles.

Die Batterien 10 und 11 können entsprechend ihrer Aufgabe ausgewählt bzw. dimensioniert werden, die 12 Volt Batterie 10 soll nur das Bordnetz versorgen, d.h. eine Auslegung für hohe Ströme bei Kälte entfällt. Die 24 Volt Batterie kann dagegen so ausgelegt werden, daß optimale Kaltstart- und Bordnetzversorgung gewährleistet sind, sie soll daher im Gegensatz zur Batterie 10 für eine Hochstrombelastung ausgelegt werden.The batteries 10 and 11 can be selected or dimensioned according to their task, the 12 volt battery 10 should only supply the electrical system, i.e. there is no design for high currents in the cold. The 24 volt battery, on the other hand, can be designed in such a way that optimum cold start and on-board power supply are guaranteed. In contrast to battery 10, it should therefore be designed for a high current load.

Prinzipiell ist auch ein Tausch der Spannungen möglich in diesem Fall würde Anschluß 12 auf minus 12 Volt liegen Anschluß 13 weiterhin auf Masse und Anschluß 14 auf plus 24 Volt.In principle, the voltages can also be exchanged. In this case, connection 12 would be at minus 12 volts.

Statt der Kombination aus einer 12 Volt und einer 24 Volt Batterie mit den entsprechenden 12 Volt und 24 Volt Generatoren sind beliebige andere Kombinationen möglich, beispielsweise 12 Volt und 36 Volt, so daß auch eine Spannung von 48 Volt als Spannungssumme der Serienschaltung der beiden Batterien abgegriffen werden kann. Auch eine Verwendung von drei Generatoren und drei Batterien kann erfolgen.Instead of the combination of a 12 volt and a 24 volt battery with the corresponding 12 volt and 24 volt generators, any other combinations are possible, for example 12 volts and 36 volts, so that a voltage of 48 volts is also tapped as the voltage sum of the series connection of the two batteries can be. Three generators and three batteries can also be used.

Figur 2 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Bordnetzes für ein Kraftfahrzeug, das einige Details zeigt, die im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 nicht explizit dargestellt wurden. Zwei Batterien 10 und 11 mit den Anschlußklemmen 12, 13 und 14 sind in Serie geschaltet. Zwischen die Klemmen 12 und 13 ist ein erster Generator 15, der die Batterie 10 mit Spannung versorgt geschaltet, zwischen die Klemmen 13 und 14 ein zweiter Generator 16, der die Batterie 11 mit Spannung versorgt. An die erste Batterie 10 sind über Schalter 27a und 27b zwei Glühlampen 19a und 19b an die Anschlußklemmen 12 und 13 angeschlossen. An die Batterie 11 sind Verbraucher 20a und 20b über Schalter 27c und 27d mit den Klemmen 13 und 14 verbunden. Die Anschlußklemme 13 ist weiterhin mit Masse verbunden. Über einen weiteren Schalter 27e ist der Starter 26 mit der Klemme 12 der Batterie 10 und der Klemme 14 der Batterie 11 verbunden. Mit denselben Klemmen 12 und 14 ist ein Spannungsringnetz 28 z.B. Multiplex-Ringnetz verbunden, das über Bauelemente 23a, b, c Verbraucher 21a, b, c mit Spannung versorgt. Diese Bauelemente 23 werden mit Hilfe einer elektronischen Schaltung 37, die mit den Bauelementen 23a, b, c über eine Datenringleitung 29 verbunden ist, gesteuert. Die elektronische Schaltung 37 steuert weiterhin einen DC/DC-Wandler 38 sowie einen DC/AC-Wandler 39, die beide über das Ringnetz 28 mit Spannung versorgt werden. An den DC/AC-Wandler ist eine Heizscheibe 40 angeschlossen, die mit einer 80 Volt, 1 kHz-Wechselspannung betrieben wird. Der DC/DC-Wandler liefert eine 5 Volt Gleichspannung, die an einer Batterie 32 anliegt und die die elektronische Schaltung 37 mit Spannung versorgt. Statt über eine Spannungsringleitung kann die Spannungsversorgung der Verbraucher auch mittels eines Strahlen- oder Maschennetzes bewerkstelligt werden.Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of an electrical system for a motor vehicle, which shows some details that were not explicitly shown in the embodiment of Figure 1. Two batteries 10 and 11 with the terminals 12, 13 and 14 are connected in series. A first generator 15, which supplies the battery 10 with voltage, is connected between the terminals 12 and 13, between the terminals 13 and 14, a second generator 16, which supplies the battery 11 with voltage. To the first battery 10, two light bulbs 19a and 19b are connected to the terminals 12 and 13 via switches 27a and 27b. To the battery 11, consumers 20a and 20b are connected to the terminals 13 and 14 via switches 27c and 27d. The terminal 13 is still connected to ground. The starter 26 is connected to the terminal 12 of the battery 10 and the terminal 14 of the battery 11 via a further switch 27e. A voltage ring network 28, for example a multiplex ring network, is connected to the same terminals 12 and 14 and supplies consumers 21a, b, c with voltage via components 23a, b, c. These components 23 are controlled with the aid of an electronic circuit 37, which is connected to the components 23a, b, c via a data ring line 29. The electronic circuit 37 also controls a DC / DC converter 38 and a DC / AC converter 39, both of which are supplied with voltage via the ring network 28. A heating disk 40 is connected to the DC / AC converter and operates with an 80 volt, 1 kHz alternating voltage becomes. The DC / DC converter supplies a 5 volt DC voltage which is present on a battery 32 and which supplies the electronic circuit 37 with voltage. Instead of using a voltage ring line, the power supply to the consumers can also be accomplished by means of a radiation or mesh network.

Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel liegt der Starter 26 an der Gesamtspannung, die zwischen den Klemmen 12 und 14 anliegt.In this embodiment, the starter 26 is due to the total voltage that is present between the terminals 12 and 14.

Über die Datenringleitung 29 sind die einzelnen Bauelemente der Schaltung untereinander verbunden und werden mit Hilfe der elektronischen Schaltung 37 gesteuert.The individual components of the circuit are connected to one another via the data ring line 29 and are controlled by means of the electronic circuit 37.

Die Generatoren 15 und 16 beider Ausführungsbeispiele sind Wechselstromgeneratoren, von denen einer beispielsweise als permanenterregter Generator ausgebildet ist und somit als "Grundlast-Generator" geeignet ist, und enthalten jeweils Feldwicklungen 33a, b und Ankerwicklungen 34a, b. Die Ausgangsspanung wird mittels zweier Regler 35a, 35b auf dem gewünschgten Wert gehalten. Die Ausgangsspanung wird jeweils in Gleichrichtersysstemen 36a, b gleichgerichtet, bevor sie ins Bordnetz eingespeist wird.The generators 15 and 16 of both exemplary embodiments are alternating current generators, one of which is designed, for example, as a permanently excited generator and is therefore suitable as a “base load generator”, and each contain field windings 33a, b and armature windings 34a, b. The output voltage is kept at the desired value by means of two regulators 35a, 35b. The output voltage is rectified in rectifier systems 36a, b before it is fed into the vehicle electrical system.

Neben der Spannungserzeugung duch zwei einzelne Generatoren, die gegebenenfalls über eine Kupplung miteinander verbunden sind, ist es auch möglich einen Doppelgenerator mit zwei Systemen, beispielsweise 1x12 Volt und 1x24 Volt zu verwenden.In addition to the voltage generation by means of two individual generators, which may be connected to one another via a coupling, it is also possible to use a double generator with two systems, for example 1x12 volts and 1x24 volts.

Ein Antrieb der zwei Generatoren kann über einen Multirippenriemen erfolgen, er reduziert damit die pro Generator erforderlichen Momente und verteilt die Riemenkräfte auf verschiedene Riemenabschnitte.The two generators can be driven by a multi-ribbed belt, reducing the torque required per generator and distributing the belt forces to different belt sections.

Auch ein Generator mit höherer Nennspannung, beispielsweise 36 Volt, der mittels einer elektronischen Schaltung (Symmetrierschaltung) beide Batterien, beispielsweise eine 12 Volt Batterie und eine 24 Volt Batterie mit Spannung versorgt, kann zur Spannungserzeugung eingesetzt werden.A generator with a higher nominal voltage, for example 36 volts, which supplies both batteries, for example a 12 volt battery and a 24 volt battery, with voltage by means of an electronic circuit (balancing circuit), can be used for voltage generation.

Claims (15)

  1. Electrical system for a motor vehicle with two series-connected batteries (10, 11), with three voltage taps (12, 13, 14), with a first generator (15) which is allocated to the first battery (10) and with a second generator (16) which is allocated to the second battery (11), with loads (17 to 21, 24, 25) and with electronic components (23) which are allocated either to the first battery (10) or to the second battery (11) or to both batteries, and with a starter (26), characterized in that three different voltages are present at the three voltage taps (12, 13, 14), in that the starter (26) is connected to the battery (11) having the higher rated voltage and the ignition and/or injection (21) is connected to the other battery, and in that the connection between the positive pole of one battery (11) and the negative pole of the other battery (10) is connected to earth.
  2. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rated voltage of the first battery is 12 volts and that of the second battery is 24 volts.
  3. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to Claim 1, characterised in that the rated voltage of the first battery is 12 volts and that of the second battery is 36 volts.
  4. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one further circuit with its own generator and its own battery is provided.
  5. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two individual mutually independent generators are used for voltage generation.
  6. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a dual generator with two systems, for example 12 volts/24 volts, is used for voltage generation.
  7. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to Claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the two generators are driven via a multi-rib belt.
  8. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two generators are combined on one shaft in one housing.
  9. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two generators are connected to one another via a clutch.
  10. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that voltage converters (22, 23, 38, 39), which are used for generating further output voltages, are connected to at least one of the batteries (10, 11).
  11. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ring system (28) is connected to at least one of the batteries for supplying the loads with voltage.
  12. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a star or mesh system is provided for supplying the loads with voltage.
  13. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery (11) having the higher voltage is designed for high-current loading by the starter (26).
  14. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the generators is constructed as a permanently-excited generator.
  15. Electrical system for a motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a single generator with increased rated voltage, for example 36 volts, is used and supplies both batteries (10, 11) by means of an electronic circuit.
EP89104852A 1988-04-15 1989-03-17 Power supply network for vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0337155B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3812577 1988-04-15
DE3812577A DE3812577A1 (en) 1988-04-15 1988-04-15 ON-BOARD NETWORK FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE

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EP0337155A2 EP0337155A2 (en) 1989-10-18
EP0337155A3 EP0337155A3 (en) 1990-01-17
EP0337155B1 true EP0337155B1 (en) 1992-12-23

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EP89104852A Expired - Lifetime EP0337155B1 (en) 1988-04-15 1989-03-17 Power supply network for vehicle

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JP (1) JPH01308133A (en)
DE (2) DE3812577A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0337155A3 (en) 1990-01-17
DE3812577A1 (en) 1989-10-26
DE58903070D1 (en) 1993-02-04
EP0337155A2 (en) 1989-10-18
JPH01308133A (en) 1989-12-12

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