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EP0334008B1 - Single-pressure switch with sf6 - Google Patents

Single-pressure switch with sf6 Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0334008B1
EP0334008B1 EP89102110A EP89102110A EP0334008B1 EP 0334008 B1 EP0334008 B1 EP 0334008B1 EP 89102110 A EP89102110 A EP 89102110A EP 89102110 A EP89102110 A EP 89102110A EP 0334008 B1 EP0334008 B1 EP 0334008B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
ventilation
pressure
gas
opens
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89102110A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0334008A2 (en
EP0334008A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Dr. Karrenbauer
Andreas Dipl.-Ing. Schiemann
Hans-Gerd Dr. Thiel
Gerd Dipl.-Ing. Wachsmuth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Publication of EP0334008A2 publication Critical patent/EP0334008A2/en
Publication of EP0334008A3 publication Critical patent/EP0334008A3/en
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Publication of EP0334008B1 publication Critical patent/EP0334008B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/906—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism with pressure limitation in the compression volume, e.g. by valves or bleeder openings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an SF6 indentation switch with a switching chamber filled with insulating gas, at least two switching elements, at least one of which is movable by a drive rod, a compression device for the insulating gas which can be actuated by this switching movement and whose compression space is delimited by two opposite, relatively movable floors, wherein a pressure chamber is arranged between the insulating material nozzle and the floor facing it, which has an outflow opening that can be closed by a check valve and an inflow opening that can be closed in the direction of the compression device in the direction of the switching path, and a passage that is arranged parallel to the pressure chamber and that in the part facing away from the outflow opening the pressure chamber opens by means of a closable opening and starts from CH-A-568'649.
  • High-voltage switches are usually designed as auto-blow switches filled with insulating gas.
  • the contacts are separated and the arc is blown with the insulating gas, usually SF6, until it goes out.
  • the compression required for this blowing is achieved either by means of a compression device or by means of the thermal energy of the arc itself.
  • the interrupters are either surrounded by a fully insulated metal housing or by a porcelain insulator.
  • Conventional SF6 impression switches have a compression device which essentially consists of a compression space formed by a piston and cylinder. In the area of low-current arcs, such as occur under normal operating conditions, such SF6 impression switches have a very good function. These low-current arcs have such a low thermal energy that there is no appreciable gas expansion due to heating. Blowing by the compression device is neither prevented, nor is the switching movement impaired, and the switching speed is thus reduced. When switching off high-current arcs, such as occur in short-circuit cases, the function of this SF6 impression switch is not so optimal. The high thermal energy of the arc leads to a very strong gas expansion due to the heating.
  • the gas which is under very high pressure, penetrates into the compression chamber and thus slows down the switching movement, and in the case of very powerful arcs, even leads to a brief backward movement.
  • the gas that has penetrated into the compression chamber is partially lost for the extinguishing process, since the cylinder only ejects the gas that has penetrated into it when the pressure difference in the direction of the switching path permits this.
  • an SF6 impression switch of the type mentioned is known, which is intended to improve the blowing of high-current arcs, a pressure chamber being acted upon by the compression device with cold quenching gas until the pressure of the expanding gas is increased by the Compressor generated pressure exceeds. Due to these changed pressure conditions, the check valve of the outflow opening and the valve of the inflow opening of the pressure chamber close and the closable opening of a passage lying parallel to the pressure chamber opens, whereby expanding hot gas flows from the switching path through the passage into the part of the pressure chamber which faces away from the outflow opening . When the pressure of the expanding gas decreases, the check valve opens and the arc is first blown with the cold gas cushion before the hot gas underneath flows in.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of making an SF6 impression switch with a safe arc extinguishing by a higher switching speed and better blowing with a gas that has an optimal density available.
  • the SF6 impression switch according to the invention has the advantage of blowing on weaker arcs, as is done in a conventional SF6 impression switch in an expedient and tried-and-tested manner, but fully adjusts to the significantly increased requirements in the case of high-current arcs.
  • the gas is pre-compressed by a compression device, which creates a gas cushion of cold, high-density quenching gas.
  • This gas cushion is post-compressed by the gas pressure wave, which causes the gas expansion of the high-current arc.
  • a closure member is used, the change in position of which can be controlled by the shift path covered.
  • This post-compression takes place in such a way that the hot gas is first cooled in the gas storage space and then flows into the pressure chamber in such a way that a stratification is formed in it, in which the pre-compressed, high-density gas cushion is first available for blowing.
  • the cooled gas forms a layer in the lower part of the pressure chamber because it only flows in after the cold gas has been compressed. It primarily serves to increase the pressure and is only used for post-blowing after the arc has been extinguished in order to avoid reignition.
  • the blowing begins as soon as a sufficient distance between the switch contacts to extinguish the arc is reached.
  • the invention has the advantage over the conventional SF6 impression switches that there is no reduction in the switching speed due to the penetration of gas into the compression space as a result of gas expansion by means of high-current arcs. As a result of the post-compression in the pressure chamber by means of the expanding gas, this energy is still available for blowing the high-current arcs and does not have a braking effect on the drive.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment, the SF6 impression switch is shown in a partial view, in which the essential parts are shown by means of a section extending to the axis of rotation.
  • This exemplary embodiment contains the parts that are customary in an SF6 impression switch:
  • This compression device as is usual with SF6 indentation switches, consists of a compression cylinder 17 and two trays 1 and 2, which move towards one another when switched off and thus compress the insulating gas in a compression space 11.
  • the compression cylinder 17 is connected as a fixed part to the base 2 and the base 1, which is connected to the switching piece 21 and the drive rod 19, is drawn into the compression cylinder 17.
  • a pressure chamber 3 is located between the base 1 and the insulating material nozzle 12 and a gas storage space 9 is separated therefrom by a partition 25.
  • the pressure chamber 3 is provided in the direction of the switching path 4 with an outflow opening 5, in which an insulating gas heated by the arc flows in a check valve 6 is prevented.
  • the gas storage space 9 has an inlet 26 in the direction of the switching path 4 and an opening 10 which opens into the pressure chamber 3 on the side opposite the outflow opening 5.
  • the bottom 1 is provided with an inflow opening 7, which connects the compression space 11 to the pressure chamber 3.
  • a closure element 8 is arranged in the region of the opening 10 and the inflow opening 7. This closure member 8 in Fig. 1 is designed as a slidable ring with an L-shaped cross section.
  • a first position in which the axial leg of the closure element 8 is pushed in a sealing manner in front of the opening 10 and opens the inflow opening 7.
  • a second position in which the closure member 8 is located in the illustration in FIG. 1, the opening 10 is opened and the inflow opening 7 is closed by the radial leg of the closure member 8. If no pressure differences act on the closure member 8, it is held by a spring 24 in this second position shown.
  • the bottom 2 is designed as a fixed component, the drive rod 19 passing through a hole in this bottom and a seal ensuring the gas tightness of this passage.
  • a vent hole 13 is arranged, which is provided with a vent valve 14, which opens against the pressure of a spring 14 '.
  • the bottom 2 contains a ventilation hole 15 with a valve 16, which is arranged so that the compression chamber 11 is ventilated when it is switched on.
  • the SF6 impression switch shown has the following function:
  • the gas is compressed by the switching movement, mediated by the drive rod 19, between the base 1 connected to the drive rod 19 and the fixed base 2 in the compression space 11, passes through the inflow opening 7 and flows through the opening 5 to the arc 23 around it to blow at zero crossing.
  • the quenching gas opens the closure element 8 in this way, flows through the pressure chamber 3 and, after leaving the pressure chamber 3 through the outflow opening 5, finally reaches the switching path 4 in order to blow the arc 23.
  • the outflow opening 5 is not closed by the check valve 6, since in the case of low-current arcs there is no gas pressure wave so strong that a gas flow is formed which flows from the switching path in the direction of the compression device.
  • the SF6 impression switch adapts to the conditions caused by the gas expansion and uses this gas expansion to produce the required extinguishing gas pressure:
  • 11 insulating gas is compressed in the compression chamber in the manner described above through the inflow opening 7 into the pressure chamber 3, the closure member 8 being opened by the gas flow.
  • the arc 23 is drawn in the switching path 4, whereby extinguishing gas expands and, as shown by the curved arrow, flows in the direction of the compression device.
  • the outflow opening 5 is closed by the check valve 6 and the pressurized gas flows into the gas storage space 9.
  • the closed check valve 6 in the pressure chamber 3 and the compression chamber 11 produce reproducible pressure conditions, so that a certain pressure can be assigned to a certain distance between the switching contacts 21 and 22.
  • the pressure in the compression space 11 drops sharply, which has the consequence that the closure member 8 moves into the position in which it closes the inflow opening 7 with its radial leg and at the same time opens the opening 10.
  • the drive is completely relieved of the pressure force in the compression space 11 by venting it, so that there is no braking of the switching movement or even a backward movement, on the contrary - the switching movement is even accelerated by the relief.
  • the drive thus only applies the energy for the pre-compression of the gas in the pressure chamber 3.
  • the expanded gas which is stored in the gas storage space 9 and thereby cooled, flows through the opening 10 into the pressure chamber 3.
  • the cold gas pre-compressed in the pressure chamber 3 is post-compressed by the gas pressure wave coming from the gas storage space 9, which cold gas of high density lies in front of the outflow opening 5 in order to serve the blowing at the moment of zero current crossing which is decisive for the extinguishing of the arc.
  • the check valve 6 opens and the cold gas cushion flows out of the outflow opening 5 in the direction of the switching path 4 in order to blow the arc there. In this way, optimal extinguishing conditions were created while relieving the load on the drive.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which the compression cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the floor 1 and is pulled by the switching movement mediated by the drive rod 19 over the fixed floor 2.
  • the vent valve 14 is opened against the force of a spring 14 ⁇ by a pin 18.
  • the length of this pin 18 is dimensioned such that the vent valve 14 lifts the valve plate of the vent valve 14 from its closed position when a sufficient distance between the switching contacts 20 and 21 is reached for arc quenching.
  • the spring 14 ⁇ must have a larger spring constant than the spring 14 'described in Fig. 1'.
  • the closure member 8 is also designed as an L-shaped ring, but the axial leg is longer and opens the opening 10 in the second position through holes. The remaining parts correspond in structure and function to those already described for FIG. 1
  • Fig. 2 serves to make it clear that different configurations of the floors 1 and 2 and the cylinder 17 and the control of the closure member 8 are possible. However, further deviating configurations are also conceivable, for example an embodiment in which the drive rod is connected to the base 2 and the switching piece 20 and the other parts are fixed.
  • FIG. 3 A third embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. This has an L-shaped closure member 8, which is held by an embedded spring 24 'in the first position as the rest position.
  • the spring constant of this spring 24 ' is designed so that when the compression chamber 11 is vented, the pressure in the pressure chamber 3 presses the closure member 8 into the second position in which the inflow opening 7 is closed and the opening 10 is opened at the same time.
  • the ventilation of the compression space 11 is brought about by the fact that the floor 2 runs in the course of its switching-on movement via a recess 22 arranged on the compression cylinder 17 and / or on the drive rod 19. This recess 22 must be arranged so that the ventilation takes place when the switch contacts 20, 21 are at a sufficient distance to achieve an arc extinguishing.
  • 3 shows the position at which the ventilation of the compression space 11 begins.
  • the bottom 2 in FIG. 3 is provided with a ventilation hole 15, which is closed by a check valve 16 during the switch-off movement.
  • Check valve 16 and ventilation hole 15 serve to vent the compression chamber 11 during the switch-on movement.
  • the ventilation hole 15 with the check valve 16 can also be located at another location, e.g. be arranged on the compression cylinder 17 so that the bore 15 opens into a part of the compression space 11, which remains in the off position.
  • a check valve 27 is provided in the area of the opening 10 of the gas storage space 9, which prevents insulating gas from flowing back through the opening 10 into the gas storage space 9. This check valve is used when switching large currents to prevent a pressure loss of the pressure chamber 3 through the opening 10 into the gas storage space 9 during the second phase of the switch-off movement.
  • the check valve 6 of the outflow opening 5 has an additional valve plate 6 ', which closes the cross section of the inlet 26 between the switching path 4 and the gas storage space 9 when the check valve 6 is open.
  • This valve plate 6 ' ensures that the hot gas which has entered the gas storage space 9 as a result of strong gas expansion cannot flow back into the direction of the switching path 4 when the current approaches the zero crossing and the resulting opening of the check valve 6, which would result in a mixture with the cold gas from the pressure chamber 3 and thereby worsen the extinguishing properties of this gas.
  • Fig. 4 shows the closure member 8 'formed as at least one flap that closes the opening 10 in the first position and opens the inflow opening 7 to the pressure chamber 3 and closes the inflow opening 7 in the second position and opens the opening 10 to the pressure chamber 3.
  • the flap-shaped closure member 8 ' can be arranged, for example, with its fulcrum in the region of the drive rod 9, so that it rests in a horizontal position on the floor 1 and closes the opening 7 and at the same time opens the opening 10 to the pressure chamber 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows the formation of the closure member 8 ⁇ as a sliding ring.
  • This displaceable ring has a sliding surface on the inside to the drive rod 19, which is gas-tight.
  • the closure member 8 ⁇ is drawn in its second position, in which it rests with its outer end on the floor 1 and thereby closes the inflow opening 7.
  • the closure member 8 ⁇ is moved upward and abuts with its outer end on the partition wall 25, whereby the inflow opening 7 is connected to the pressure chamber 3 and closes the opening 10.
  • the closure member 8 ⁇ is also designed as a displaceable ring, with the difference that the displaceable ring has a more plate-like shape and the inflow opening 7 can be arranged further out as seen from the axis of symmetry.
  • the closure member 8 ⁇ is also in a position on the floor 1, close! the opening 7, and strikes in its other position on the partition 25, whereby the opening 10 is closed, the other opening being opened.
  • a spring is arranged, which causes the adjustment to take place only when the pressure P2 is corresponding to the spring strength above the pressure P3, the training of the closure member, as shown in Figs. 4 to 6 are shown, are connected to one of the aforementioned vents of the compression space 11 and this ventilation is controlled so that there is then a venting of the compression space 11 to effect the displacement of the closure member 8 ', 8 ⁇ when the switching movement has progressed so far that further compression of the gas can no longer benefit the arc quenching, since the sufficient distance for the arc quenching has been reached.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen SF₆-Eindruckschalter mit einer mit Isoliergas gefüllten Schaltkammer, mindestens zwei Schaltstücken, von denen mindestens eines durch eine Antriebsstange bewegbar ist, einer durch diese Schaltbewegung betätigbaren Kompressionseinrichtung für das Isoliergas deren Kompressionsraum von zwei gegenüberliegenden, relativ zueinander bewegbaren Böden begrenzt ist, wobei zwischen der Isolierstoffdüse und dem ihr zugewandten Boden eine Druckkammer angeordnet ist, welche in Richtung der Schaltstrecke eine durch ein Rückschlagventil verschließbare Ausströmöffnung und eine in Richtung der Kompressionseinrichtung verschließbare Einströmöffnung aufweist, sowie einem parallel zur Druckkammer angeordneten Durchlaß, der in den der Ausströmöffnung abgewandten Teil der Druckkammer mittels einer verschließbaren Öffnung mündet und geht aus von der CH-A-568′649.The invention relates to an SF₆ indentation switch with a switching chamber filled with insulating gas, at least two switching elements, at least one of which is movable by a drive rod, a compression device for the insulating gas which can be actuated by this switching movement and whose compression space is delimited by two opposite, relatively movable floors, wherein a pressure chamber is arranged between the insulating material nozzle and the floor facing it, which has an outflow opening that can be closed by a check valve and an inflow opening that can be closed in the direction of the compression device in the direction of the switching path, and a passage that is arranged parallel to the pressure chamber and that in the part facing away from the outflow opening the pressure chamber opens by means of a closable opening and starts from CH-A-568'649.

Hochspannungsschalter sind heute in der Regel als mit Isoliergas gefüllte Selbstblasschalter ausgeführt. In einer solchen mit Isoliergas gefüllten Schaltkammer werden die Kontakte getrennt und wird der Lichtbogen bis zum Erlöschen mit dem Isoliergas, meistens SF₆, beblasen. Die für diese Beblasung erforderliche Kompression wird entweder mittels einer Kompressionseinrichtung oder mittels der thermischen Energie des Lichtbogens selbst erzielt. Die Schaltkammern werden entweder von einem vollisolierten Metallgehäuse oder von einem Porzellanisolator umgeben.Today, high-voltage switches are usually designed as auto-blow switches filled with insulating gas. In such a switching chamber filled with insulating gas, the contacts are separated and the arc is blown with the insulating gas, usually SF₆, until it goes out. The compression required for this blowing is achieved either by means of a compression device or by means of the thermal energy of the arc itself. The interrupters are either surrounded by a fully insulated metal housing or by a porcelain insulator.

Herkömmliche SF₆-Eindruckschalter weisen eine Kompressionseinrichtung auf, die im wesentlichen aus einem aus Kolben und Zylinder gebildeten Kompressionsraum besteht.
Im Bereich stromschwächerer Lichtbögen, wie sie unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen auftreten, weisen solche SF₆-Eindruckschalter eine recht gute Funktion auf. Diese stromschwächeren Lichtbögen haben eine so geringe thermische Energie, daß es durch Erhitzung zu keiner nennenswerten Gasexpansion kommt. Es wird weder die Beblasung durch die Kompressionseinrichtung verhindert, noch die Schaltbewegung beeinträchtigt und damit die Schaltgeschwindigkeit vermindert.
Bei der Abschaltung stromstarker Lichtbögen, wie sie beispielsweise in Kurzschlußfällen auftreten, ist die Funktion dieser SF₆-Eindruckschalter nicht so optimal. Durch die hohe thermische Energie des Lichtbogens kommt es zu einer sehr starken Gasexpansion infolge der Erhitzung. Das unter sehr hohem Druck stehende Gas dringt in den Kompressionsraum ein und führt dadurch zu einer Verlangsamung der Schaltbewegung, bei sehr stromstarken Lichtbögen sogar zu einer kurzzeitigen Rückwärtsbewegung. Das in den Kompressionsraum eingedrungene Gas geht teilweise für den Löschvorgang verloren, da der Zylinder das in ihn eingedrungene Gas erst dann wieder ausstößt, wenn die Druckdifferenz in Richtung Schaltstrecke dies zuläßt.Conventional SF₆ impression switches have a compression device which essentially consists of a compression space formed by a piston and cylinder.
In the area of low-current arcs, such as occur under normal operating conditions, such SF₆ impression switches have a very good function. These low-current arcs have such a low thermal energy that there is no appreciable gas expansion due to heating. Blowing by the compression device is neither prevented, nor is the switching movement impaired, and the switching speed is thus reduced.
When switching off high-current arcs, such as occur in short-circuit cases, the function of this SF₆ impression switch is not so optimal. The high thermal energy of the arc leads to a very strong gas expansion due to the heating. The gas, which is under very high pressure, penetrates into the compression chamber and thus slows down the switching movement, and in the case of very powerful arcs, even leads to a brief backward movement. The gas that has penetrated into the compression chamber is partially lost for the extinguishing process, since the cylinder only ejects the gas that has penetrated into it when the pressure difference in the direction of the switching path permits this.

Ein weiterer Nachteil, insbesondere bei der Abschaltung stromstarker Lichtbögen, besteht darin, daß sich bei solchen SF₆-Eindruckschaltern das heiße und das kalte Isoliergas vermischt, wobei sich eine mittlere Temperatur einstellt. Das zur Beblasung des Lichtbogens zur Isolierstoffdüse zurückströmende Isoliergas weist daher eine dieser erhöhten Temperatur entsprechende Dichte auf, welche gegenüber der Dichte des kalten Gases reduziert ist. Isoliergas mit einer solchen verringerten Dichte weist jedoch erheblich verschlechterte Löscheigenschaften auf.Another disadvantage, especially when switching off high-current arcs, is that the hot and cold insulating gas mixes with such SF₆ impression switches, with a medium temperature being established. The insulating gas flowing back to blow the arc to the insulating material nozzle therefore has a density corresponding to this elevated temperature, which is reduced compared to the density of the cold gas. Insulating gas with such a reduced density, however, has considerably poorer extinguishing properties.

Zusammenfassend kann also festgestellt werden, daß bei einem solchen SF₆-Eindruckschalter bei Schaltvorgängen mit stromstarken Lichtbögen in dreierlei Hinsicht Nachteile auftreten:

  • Der Schaltvorgang wird gebremst, darum ist eine hohe Antriebsenergie notwendig.
  • Ein Teil,des expandierenden Löschgases geht für die Beblasung verloren.
  • Durch die starke Mischung von kalten Löschgas mit heißen Löschgas sind die Löscheigenschaften vermindert.
In summary, it can be said that such an SF₆ indentation switch has disadvantages in three ways in switching operations with high-current arcs:
  • The switching process is braked, so a high drive energy is necessary.
  • Part of the expanding extinguishing gas is lost for the blowing.
  • Due to the strong mixture of cold extinguishing gas with hot extinguishing gas, the extinguishing properties are reduced.

Aus der CH-A-568 649 ist ein SF₆-Eindruckschalter der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, der die Beblasung stromstarker Lichtbögen verbessern soll, wobei eine Druckkammer so lange durch die Kompressionseinrichtung mit kaltem Löschgas beaufschlagt wird, bis der Druck des expandierenden Gases den durch die Kompressionseinrichtung erzeugten Druck übersteigt. Durch diese veränderten Druckverhältnisse schließen das Rückschlagventil der Ausströmöffnung sowie das Ventil der Einströmöffnung der Druckkammer und die verschließbare Öffnung eines parallel zur Druckkammer liegenden Durchlasses öffnet, wodurch expandierendes heißes Gas aus der Schaltstrecke durch den Durchlaß in den Teil der Druckkammer strömt, welcher der Ausströmöffnung abgewandt ist. Bei Nachlassen des Drucks des expandierenden Gases öffnet das Rückschlagventil und der Lichtbogen wird zuerst mit den kalten Gaspolster beblasen, bevor das darunterliegende heiße Gas nachströmt.From CH-A-568 649 an SF₆ impression switch of the type mentioned is known, which is intended to improve the blowing of high-current arcs, a pressure chamber being acted upon by the compression device with cold quenching gas until the pressure of the expanding gas is increased by the Compressor generated pressure exceeds. Due to these changed pressure conditions, the check valve of the outflow opening and the valve of the inflow opening of the pressure chamber close and the closable opening of a passage lying parallel to the pressure chamber opens, whereby expanding hot gas flows from the switching path through the passage into the part of the pressure chamber which faces away from the outflow opening . When the pressure of the expanding gas decreases, the check valve opens and the arc is first blown with the cold gas cushion before the hot gas underneath flows in.

Durch diesen Schalter wird die Beblasung stromstarker Lichtbögen gegenüber den herkömmlichen SF₆-Eindruckschaltern zwar verbessert, eine optimale Funktion konnte jedoch aus folgenden Gründen nicht erzielt werden:

  • 1) Das kalte Gaspolster, welches vor der Ausströmöffnung steht, hat nur eine ungenügende Dichte, da die vom Lichtbogendruck abhängige Änderung der Gaszufuhr zur Druckkammer durch Verschluß der Öffnung zur Kompressionseinrichtung und Öffnung des von der Schaltstrecke kommenden Durchlaßes zu früh erfolgt. Diese zu frühe Unterbrechung der Zufuhr kalten Gases und Beaufschlagung mit dem hohen Expansionsdruck hat auch zur Folge, daß-wenn der Strom kurz vor Erreichen der für die Lichtbogenlöschung ausreichenden Distanz der Schaltkontakte einen Nulldurchgang hat - der Druck in der Druckkammer vorzeitig eine Höhe erreicht, bei der die Rückschlagventile öffnen, obwohl die Distanz der Schaltkontakte für eine erfolgreiche Lichtbogenlöschung noch zu gering ist. Durch dieses frühzeitige Öffnen der Rückschlagventile wird das kalte Gaspolster nutzlos weggeblasen.
  • 2) Der Druckimpuls, welcher die Druckkammer mittels des durch den Durchlaß strömenden, expandierenden Gases beaufschlagt, ist zeitlich zu kurz, da es sich lediglich um einen Strömungskanal handelt, der über keine Speicherkapazität verfügt. Dieser zeitlich zu kurze Druckimpuls ermöglicht es nicht, die Druckkamer in einem Zeitpunkt mit dem Expansionsdruck des Gases zu beaufschlagen, zu dem dieser wegen Annäherung des Stromes an den Nulldurchgang in der Schaltstrecke bereits wieder nachläßt. Durch die kurze Verweilzeit und die geringe Oberfläche des Strömungskanals hat das heiße Gas kaum eine Möglichkeit abzukühlen, bevor es in die Druckkammer gelangt.
  • 3) Durch das nicht im richtigen Zeitpunkt auftretende, beziehungsweise durch nutzloses Wegblasen wieder verlorene Druckmaximum in der Druckkammer muß vor der Bewirkung der Lichtbogenlöschung oft die Kompressionseinrichtung nochmals für Löschgasnachschub sorgen, wodurch eine antriebsentlastende Belüftung der Kompressionseinrichtung zur Erhöhung der Schaltgeschwindigkeit auch gegen Ende der Schaltbewegung nicht vorgenommen werden kann, Außerdem wird zwischen dem Abströmen des zur Lichtbogenlöschung bereitstehenden Gases und dem erneuten Druckaufbau durch die Kompressionseirichtung ein zeitweiser Rückgang der Beblasungsintensität dann kritisch, wenn wie erneuter Nulldurchgang des Stromes, in dem der Lichtbogen gelöscht werden kann, in einen Zeitraum fällt, in dem dieser neue Druck noch unzureichend ist.
This switch improves the blowing of high-current arcs compared to the conventional SF₆ impression switches, but it was not possible to achieve optimal function for the following reasons:
  • 1) The cold gas cushion, which is in front of the outflow opening, has an insufficient density, since the change in the gas supply to the pressure chamber, which is dependent on the arc pressure, takes place too early by closing the opening to the compression device and opening the passage coming from the switching path. This premature interruption of the supply of cold gas and exposure to the high expansion pressure also has the consequence that - if the current has a zero crossing shortly before reaching the distance of the switching contacts sufficient for arc extinguishing - the pressure in the pressure chamber prematurely rises at which open the check valves, although the distance of the switch contacts is still too short for successful arc quenching. By opening the check valves at an early stage, the cold gas cushion is uselessly blown away.
  • 2) The pressure pulse which acts on the pressure chamber by means of the expanding gas flowing through the passage is too short in time since it is merely a flow channel which has no storage capacity. This pressure pulse, which is too short in time, enables this not to apply the expansion pressure of the gas to the pressure cameras at a point in time at which the gas already decreases again because the current approaches the zero crossing in the switching path. Due to the short dwell time and the small surface area of the flow channel, the hot gas has hardly any possibility of cooling down before it reaches the pressure chamber.
  • 3) Because of the pressure maximum in the pressure chamber that does not occur at the right time or is lost again due to useless blowing, the compression device often has to provide extinguishing gas again before the arc is extinguished, which means that ventilation of the compression device to increase the switching speed, which relieves the drive, does not increase even towards the end of the switching movement In addition, between the outflow of the gas available for arc quenching and the renewed build-up of pressure by the compression device, a temporary decrease in the blowing intensity becomes critical when, like a new zero crossing of the current in which the arc can be quenched, falls within a period in for whom this new pressure is still insufficient.

Der erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen SF₆-Eindruckschalter mit einer sicheren Löschung des Lichtbogens durch eine höhere Schaltgeschwindigkeit und eine bessere Beblasung mit einem Gas, das eine optimale Dichte aufweist, verfügbar zu machen.The invention is therefore based on the object of making an SF₆ impression switch with a safe arc extinguishing by a higher switching speed and better blowing with a gas that has an optimal density available.

Diese Aufgabe wird duch einen SF₆-Eindruckschalter nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an SF₆ impression switch according to claim 1.

Der erfindungsgemäße SF₆-Eindruckschalter hat den Vorteil, bei stromschwächeren Lichtbögen eine Beblasung vorzunehmen, wie sie bei einem herkömmlichen SF₆-Eindruckschalter in zweckmäßiger und erprobter Weise erfolgt, sich jedoch bei stromstarken Lichtbögen voll auf die wesentlich erhöhten Anforderungen einstellt. Zur Beblasung dieser stromstarken Lichtbögen wird das Gas durch eine Kompressionseinrichtung vorkomprimiert, wodurch ein Gaspolster kalten Löschgases hoher Dichte entsteht. Dieses Gaspolster wird durch die Gasdruckwelle, welche die Gasexpansion des stromstarken Lichtbogens hervorruft, nachkomprimiert. Dazu dient ein Verschlußorgan, dessen Positionsänderung durch den zurückgelegten Schaltweg steuerbar ist. Diese Nachkomprimieren erfolgt in der Art, daß das heiße Gas zuerst im Gasspeicherraum gekühlt wird und dann in die Druckkammer so einströmt, daß in dieser eine Schichtung entsteht, bei der das vorkomprimierte kältere Gaspolster hoher Dichte als erstes zur Beblasung zur Verfügung steht. Das gekühlte Gas bildet, da es erst nach dem Komprimieren des kalten Gases einströmt, eine Schicht im unteren Teil der Druckkammer. Es dient primär der Druckerhöhung und wird erst zu einer Nachbeblasung nach Erlöschen des Lichtbogens herangezogen, um ein Wiederzünden zu vermeiden. Die Beblasung beginnt, sobald eine zur Lichtbogenlöschung ausreichende Distanz zwischen den Schaltkontakten erreicht ist.The SF₆ impression switch according to the invention has the advantage of blowing on weaker arcs, as is done in a conventional SF₆ impression switch in an expedient and tried-and-tested manner, but fully adjusts to the significantly increased requirements in the case of high-current arcs. To blow these powerful arcs, the gas is pre-compressed by a compression device, which creates a gas cushion of cold, high-density quenching gas. This gas cushion is post-compressed by the gas pressure wave, which causes the gas expansion of the high-current arc. For this purpose, a closure member is used, the change in position of which can be controlled by the shift path covered. This post-compression takes place in such a way that the hot gas is first cooled in the gas storage space and then flows into the pressure chamber in such a way that a stratification is formed in it, in which the pre-compressed, high-density gas cushion is first available for blowing. The cooled gas forms a layer in the lower part of the pressure chamber because it only flows in after the cold gas has been compressed. It primarily serves to increase the pressure and is only used for post-blowing after the arc has been extinguished in order to avoid reignition. The blowing begins as soon as a sufficient distance between the switch contacts to extinguish the arc is reached.

Die Erfindung hat gegenüber den herkömmlichen SF₆-Eindruckschaltern den Vorteil, daß keine Verminderung der Schaltgeschwindigkeit durch Eindringen von Gas in den Kompressionsraum infolge der Gasexpansion durch stromstarke Lichtbögen mehr eintritt. Durch das Nachkomprimieren in der Druckkammer mittels des expandierenden Gases steht diese Energie zur Beblasung der stromstarken Lichtbögen weiter zur Verfügung und wirkt sich nicht bremsend auf den Antrieb aus.The invention has the advantage over the conventional SF₆ impression switches that there is no reduction in the switching speed due to the penetration of gas into the compression space as a result of gas expansion by means of high-current arcs. As a result of the post-compression in the pressure chamber by means of the expanding gas, this energy is still available for blowing the high-current arcs and does not have a braking effect on the drive.

Auf diese Weise wird es möglich, ein wesentlich größeres Ausschaltvermögen zu erzielen oder die Antriebsenergie zu verringern. Es ist auch gegenüber herkömmlichen Schaltern mit gleicher Leistung möglich, den gesamten Schalter einschließlich Kompressionseinrichtung, Düse, Antrieb usw. wesentlich kleiner zu dimensionieren und auf diese Weise Raum, Energie und Material einzusparen.In this way it is possible to achieve a significantly greater breaking capacity or to reduce the drive energy. Compared to conventional switches with the same output, it is also possible to dimension the entire switch including the compression device, nozzle, drive, etc. much smaller, thereby saving space, energy and material.

Weiterbildungen und zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen, wobei sich durch die zusätzlichen Merkmale und deren Kombination weitere Vorteile ergeben.Further developments and expedient refinements of the invention can be found in the subclaims, further advantages resulting from the additional features and their combination.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert, wobei auf die weiteren Vorteile verwiesen wird.The invention is explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, reference being made to the further advantages.

Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 Teile eines Ausführungsbeispiels, wobei sich die Darstellung auf einen Schnitt bis zur Mittellinie (Rotationsachse) beschränkt,
  • Fig. 2 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 3 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel und
  • Fig. 4, Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 Ausschnitte mit verschiedenen Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten des Verschlußorgans.
Show it
  • 1 shows parts of an exemplary embodiment, the illustration being limited to a section up to the center line (axis of rotation),
  • 2 shows another embodiment,
  • Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment and
  • Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 cutouts with different design options of the closure member.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, wobei der SF₆-Eindruckschalter in einer Teilansicht dargestellt ist, bei der die wesentlichen Teile mittels eines bis zur Rotationsachse reichenden Schnitts dargestellt sind.Fig. 1 shows an embodiment, the SF₆ impression switch is shown in a partial view, in which the essential parts are shown by means of a section extending to the axis of rotation.

Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel enthält einmal die bei einem SF₆-Eindruckschalter üblichen Teile:This exemplary embodiment contains the parts that are customary in an SF₆ impression switch:

2 Schaltstücke 20 und 21, welche bei der Öffnung des Schalters eine Schaltstrecke 4 bilden. Von diesen Schaltstücken ist ein Schaltstück 20 fest und das andere Schaltstück 21 mittels einer Antriebsstange 19 durch den Antrieb von der Einschalt- in eine Ausschaltstellung (sowie umgekehrt) bringbar. Der in der Schaltstrecke 4 bei der Ausschaltung entstehende Lichtbogen 23 wird mittels einer Kompressionseinrichtung beblasen. Dabei wird ein Isoliergasstrom mittels einer Isolierstoffdüse 12 gezielt auf den in der Schaltstrecke 4 brennenden Lichtbogen 23 gerichtet. Diese Kompressionseinrichtung besteht, wie bei SF₆-Eindruckschaltern üblich, aus einem Kompressionszylinder 17 und zwei Böden 1 und 2, die sich bei einer Ausschaltung aufeinanderzubewegen und so das Isoliergas in einem Kompressionsraum 11 komprimieren. beim vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Kompressionszylinder 17 als feststehendes Teil mit dem Boden 2 verbunden und der Boden 1, welcher mit dem Schaltstück 21 und der Antriebsstange 19 in Verbindung steht, wird in den Kompressionszylinder 17 hineingezogen.2 switching pieces 20 and 21, which form a switching path 4 when the switch is opened. Of these contact pieces, one contact piece 20 is fixed and the other contact piece 21 can be brought from the switch-on to the switch-off position (and vice versa) by means of a drive rod 19 by means of a drive rod 19. The arc 23 which arises in the switching path 4 when it is switched off is blown by means of a compression device. In this case, an insulating gas stream is directed by means of an insulating material nozzle 12 onto the arc 23 burning in the switching path 4. This compression device, as is usual with SF₆ indentation switches, consists of a compression cylinder 17 and two trays 1 and 2, which move towards one another when switched off and thus compress the insulating gas in a compression space 11. In the present exemplary embodiment, the compression cylinder 17 is connected as a fixed part to the base 2 and the base 1, which is connected to the switching piece 21 and the drive rod 19, is drawn into the compression cylinder 17.

Der Erzielung einer besonders wirksamen Beblasung stromstarker Lichtbögen sowie einer Verhinderung der Rückwirkung der Gasexpansion auf den Antrieb dienen folgende Teile:The following parts serve to achieve particularly effective blowing of high-current arcs and to prevent the reaction of gas expansion to the drive:

Zwischen dem Boden 1 und der Isolierstoffdüse 12 befinden sich eine Druckkammer 3 und davon durch eine Trennwand 25 getrennt ein Gasspeicherraum 9. Die Druckkammer 3 ist in Richtung der Schaltstrecke 4 mit einer Ausströmöffnung 5 versehen, bei der ein Einströmen von durch den Lichtbogen erhitztem Isoliergas durch ein Rückschlagventil 6 verhindert wird. Der Gasspeicherraum 9 verfügt über einen Einlaß 26 in Richtung der Schaltstrecke 4 und über eine Öffnung 10, die in die Druckkammer 3 auf der der Ausströmöffnung 5 gegenüberliegenden Seite einmündet. Der Boden 1 ist mit einer Einströmöffnung 7 versehen, die den Kompressionsraum 11 mit der Druckkammer 3 verbindet. In dem Bereich der Öffnung 10 und der Einströmöffnung 7 ist ein Verschlußorgan 8 angeordnet. Dieses Verschlußorgan 8 in Fig. 1 ist als verschiebbarer Ring mit L-förmigem Querschnitt ausgebildet. Es kann zwei Positionen einnehmen: Eine erste Position, in der der axiale Schenkel des Verschlußorgans 8 dichtend vor die Öffnung 10 geschoben ist und die Einströmöffnung 7 freigibt. In einer zweiten Position, in welcher sich das Verschlußorgan 8 in der Darstellung der Fig. 1 befindet, ist die Öffnung 10 freigegeben und die Einströmöffnung 7 durch den radialen Schenkel des Verschlußorgans 8 verschlossen. Wenn keine Druckunterschiede auf das Verschlußorgan 8 einwirken, wird es von einer Feder 24 in dieser zweiten, dargestellten Position gehalten. Der Boden 2 ist als feststehendes Bauteil ausgebildet, wobei die Antriebsstange 19 durch eine Bohrung dieses Bodens hindurchtritt und eine Dichtung für die Gasdichtheit dieses Durchtritts sorgt. Im Boden 2 ist eine Entlüftungsbohrung 13 angeordnet, welche mit einem Entlüftungsventil 14 versehen ist, das gegen den Druck einer Feder 14′ öffnet. Desweiteren enthält der Boden 2 eine Belüftungsbohrung 15 mit einem Ventil 16, das so angeordnet ist, daß beim Einschaltvorgang eine Belüftung des Kompressionsraums 11 stattfindet.A pressure chamber 3 is located between the base 1 and the insulating material nozzle 12 and a gas storage space 9 is separated therefrom by a partition 25. The pressure chamber 3 is provided in the direction of the switching path 4 with an outflow opening 5, in which an insulating gas heated by the arc flows in a check valve 6 is prevented. The gas storage space 9 has an inlet 26 in the direction of the switching path 4 and an opening 10 which opens into the pressure chamber 3 on the side opposite the outflow opening 5. The bottom 1 is provided with an inflow opening 7, which connects the compression space 11 to the pressure chamber 3. A closure element 8 is arranged in the region of the opening 10 and the inflow opening 7. This closure member 8 in Fig. 1 is designed as a slidable ring with an L-shaped cross section. It can assume two positions: a first position, in which the axial leg of the closure element 8 is pushed in a sealing manner in front of the opening 10 and opens the inflow opening 7. In a second position, in which the closure member 8 is located in the illustration in FIG. 1, the opening 10 is opened and the inflow opening 7 is closed by the radial leg of the closure member 8. If no pressure differences act on the closure member 8, it is held by a spring 24 in this second position shown. The bottom 2 is designed as a fixed component, the drive rod 19 passing through a hole in this bottom and a seal ensuring the gas tightness of this passage. In the bottom 2, a vent hole 13 is arranged, which is provided with a vent valve 14, which opens against the pressure of a spring 14 '. Furthermore, the bottom 2 contains a ventilation hole 15 with a valve 16, which is arranged so that the compression chamber 11 is ventilated when it is switched on.

Der dargestellte SF₆-Eindruckschalter weist folgende Funktion auf:The SF₆ impression switch shown has the following function:

Bei der Abschaltung schwacher Ströme entspricht die Funktion der aus herkömmlichen SF₆-Eindruckschaltern bekannten:When switching off low currents, the function corresponds to that known from conventional SF₆ impression switches:

Das Gas wird durch die Schaltbewegung, vermittelt durch die Antriebsstange 19, zwischen den mit der Antriebsstange 19 verbundenen Boden 1 und dem feststehenden Boden 2 im Kompressionsraum 11 komprimiert, tritt durch die Einströmöffnung 7 hindurch und strömt über die Öffnung 5 zum Lichtbogen 23, um diesen im Nulldurchgang zu beblasen.The gas is compressed by the switching movement, mediated by the drive rod 19, between the base 1 connected to the drive rod 19 and the fixed base 2 in the compression space 11, passes through the inflow opening 7 and flows through the opening 5 to the arc 23 around it to blow at zero crossing.

Im Unterschied zu den herkömmlichen SF₆-Eindruckschaltern öffnet das Löschgas auf diesem Weg das Verschlußorgan 8, strömt durch die Druckkammer 3 hindurch und erreicht nach Verlassen der Druckkammer 3 durch die Ausströmöffnung 5 schließlich die Schaltstrecke 4, um den Lichtbogen 23 zu beblasen. Ein Verschluß der Ausströmöffnung 5 durch das Rückschlagventil 6 erfolgt nicht, da bei stromschwachen Lichtbögen keine so starke Gasdruckwelle entsteht, daß sich eine Gasströmung ausbildet, welche von der Schaltstrecke in Richtung der Kompressionseinrichtung fließt.
Bei der Ausschaltung stromstarker Lichtbögen paßt sich der SF₆-Eindruckschalter den durch die Gasexpansion verursachten Bedingungen an und nützt diese Gasexpansion für die Herstellung des erforderlichen löschgasdrucks aus: Während der ersten Phase der Ausschaltbewegung wird in der oben beschriebenen Art und Weise im Kompressionsraum 11 Isoliergas komprimiert strömt durch die Einströmöffnung 7 in die Druckkammer 3, wobei das Verschlußorgan 8 durch die Gasströmung geöffnet wird. Während dieser ersten Phase der Ausschaltbewegung wird der Lichtbogen 23 in der Schaltstrecke 4 gezogen, wodurch Löschgas expandiert und, wie durch den gebogenen Pfeil dargestellt, in Richtung der Kompressionseinrichtung fließt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die Ausströmöffnung 5 durch das Rückschlagventil 6 verschlossen wird und das unter Druck stehende Gas in den Gasspeicherraum 9 fließt. Während dieser Phase der Ausschaltbewegung herrschen durch das geschlossene Rückschlagventil 6 in der Druckkammer 3 und dem Kompressionsraum 11 reproduzierbare Druckbedingungen, so daß ein bestimmter Druck einer bestimmten Distanz zwischen den Schaltkontakten 21 und 22 zuzuordnen ist. Dadurch kann die Federkonstante der Feder 14′ so ausgelegt werden, daß das Entlüftungsventil 14 in der Schaltstellung öffnet, in der die Schaltkontakte 20, 21 ,die zur Lichtbogenlöschung ausreichende Distanz erreicht haben. Durch die Öffnung des Entlüftungsventils 14 sinkt der Druck im Kompressionsraum 11 stark ab, was zur Folge hat, daß das Verschlußorgan 8 sich in die Position begibt, in der es mit seinem radialen Schenkel die Einströmöffnung 7 verschließt und gleichzeitig die Öffnung 10 freigibt. Durch die Entlüftung des Kompressionsraus 11 und die Positionsänderung des Verschlußorgans 8 tritt der SF₆-Eindruckschalter in seine zweite Phase der Ausschaltung. In dieser zweiten Phase der Ausschaltung ist der Antrieb von der Druckkraft im Kompressionsraum 11 durch dessen Entlüftung völlig entlastet, so daß es zu keiner Bremsung der Schaltbewegung oder gar einer Rückwärtsbewegung kommt, im Gegenteil - es tritt sogar eine Beschleunigung der Schaltbewegung durch die Entlastung ein. Vorteilhafterweise riß der Antrieb dadurch neben der Beschleunigung der entsprechenden Schalterteile nur die Energie für die Vorkompression des Gases in der Druckkammer 3 aufbringen.In contrast to the conventional SF₆ impression switches, the quenching gas opens the closure element 8 in this way, flows through the pressure chamber 3 and, after leaving the pressure chamber 3 through the outflow opening 5, finally reaches the switching path 4 in order to blow the arc 23. The outflow opening 5 is not closed by the check valve 6, since in the case of low-current arcs there is no gas pressure wave so strong that a gas flow is formed which flows from the switching path in the direction of the compression device.
When switching off high-current arcs, the SF₆ impression switch adapts to the conditions caused by the gas expansion and uses this gas expansion to produce the required extinguishing gas pressure: During the first phase of the switch-off movement, 11 insulating gas is compressed in the compression chamber in the manner described above through the inflow opening 7 into the pressure chamber 3, the closure member 8 being opened by the gas flow. During this first phase of the switch-off movement, the arc 23 is drawn in the switching path 4, whereby extinguishing gas expands and, as shown by the curved arrow, flows in the direction of the compression device. As a result, the outflow opening 5 is closed by the check valve 6 and the pressurized gas flows into the gas storage space 9. During this phase of the switch-off movement, the closed check valve 6 in the pressure chamber 3 and the compression chamber 11 produce reproducible pressure conditions, so that a certain pressure can be assigned to a certain distance between the switching contacts 21 and 22. This allows the spring constant of the spring 14 'to be designed so that the vent valve 14 opens in the switch position in which the switch contacts 20, 21 have reached the sufficient distance for arc quenching. Through the opening of the vent valve 14, the pressure in the compression space 11 drops sharply, which has the consequence that the closure member 8 moves into the position in which it closes the inflow opening 7 with its radial leg and at the same time opens the opening 10. By venting the compression chamber 11 and changing the position of the closure member 8, the SF₆ impression switch enters its second phase of switching off. In this second phase of the switch-off, the drive is completely relieved of the pressure force in the compression space 11 by venting it, so that there is no braking of the switching movement or even a backward movement, on the contrary - the switching movement is even accelerated by the relief. Advantageously, the In addition to accelerating the corresponding switch parts, the drive thus only applies the energy for the pre-compression of the gas in the pressure chamber 3.

In der zweiten Phase der Ausschaltbewegung strömt das expandierte, im Gasspeicherraum 9 gespeicherte und dabei gekühlte Gas durch die Öffnung 10 in die Druckkammer 3. Das in der Druckkammer 3 vorkomprimierte kalte Gas wird durch die Gasdruckwelle, welche vom Gasspeicherraum 9 kommt, nachkomprimiert, wobei das kalte Gas hoher Dichte vor der Ausströmöffnung 5 liegt, um in dem für die Löschung des Lichtbogens entscheidenden Moment des Stromnulldurchgangs der Beblasung zu dienen. Bei Annäherung des Stromes des Lichtbogens an den Nulldurchgang läßt der durch den Lichtbogen 23 erzeugte Gasdruck nach, das Rückschlagventil 6 öffnet sich und das kalte Gaspolster strömt aus der Ausströmöffnung 5 aus in Richtung der Schaltstrecke 4, um dort den Lichtbogen zu beblasen. Auf diese Weise wurden bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung des Antriebs optimale Löschbedingungen geschaffen.In the second phase of the switch-off movement, the expanded gas, which is stored in the gas storage space 9 and thereby cooled, flows through the opening 10 into the pressure chamber 3. The cold gas pre-compressed in the pressure chamber 3 is post-compressed by the gas pressure wave coming from the gas storage space 9, which cold gas of high density lies in front of the outflow opening 5 in order to serve the blowing at the moment of zero current crossing which is decisive for the extinguishing of the arc. When the current of the arc approaches zero crossing, the gas pressure generated by the arc 23 decreases, the check valve 6 opens and the cold gas cushion flows out of the outflow opening 5 in the direction of the switching path 4 in order to blow the arc there. In this way, optimal extinguishing conditions were created while relieving the load on the drive.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der Kompressionszylinder 17 mit dem Boden 1 fest verbunden ist und durch die von der Antriebsstange 19 vermittelte Schaltbewegung über den feststehenden Boden 2 gezogen wird. Bei dieser Ausbildung wird das Entlüftungsventil 14 gegen die Kraft einer Feder 14˝ durch einen Stift 18 geöffnet. Die Länge dieses Stifts 18 ist so bemessen, daß das Entlüftungsventil 14 beim Erreichen einer zur Lichtbogenlöschung ausreichenden Distanz zwischen den Schaltkontakten 20 und 21 die Ventilplatte des Entlüftungsventils 14 aus ihrer Schließstellung hebt. Die Feder 14˝ muß eine größere Federkonstante aufweisen als die in Fig. 1 beschriebene Feder 14′. Das Verschlußorgan 8 ist ebenfalls als L-förmiger Ring ausgebildet, wobei jedoch der axiale Schenkel länger ist und durch Bohrungen die Öffnung 10 in der zweiten Position freigibt. Die übrigen Teile entsprechen von ihrem Aufbau und ihrer Funktion dem zu Fig. 1 bereits beschriebenenFig. 2 shows an embodiment in which the compression cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the floor 1 and is pulled by the switching movement mediated by the drive rod 19 over the fixed floor 2. In this embodiment, the vent valve 14 is opened against the force of a spring 14˝ by a pin 18. The length of this pin 18 is dimensioned such that the vent valve 14 lifts the valve plate of the vent valve 14 from its closed position when a sufficient distance between the switching contacts 20 and 21 is reached for arc quenching. The spring 14˝ must have a larger spring constant than the spring 14 'described in Fig. 1'. The closure member 8 is also designed as an L-shaped ring, but the axial leg is longer and opens the opening 10 in the second position through holes. The remaining parts correspond in structure and function to those already described for FIG. 1

Die Fig. 2 dient dazu, deutlich zu machen, daß abweichende Ausgestaltungen der Böden 1 und 2 sowie des Zylinders 17 und der Steuerung des Verschlußorgans 8 möglich sind. Es sind jedoch noch weitere abweichende Ausgestaltungen denkbar, zum Beispiel eine Ausgestaltung, bei der die Antriebsstange mit dem Boden 2 und dem Schaltstück 20 verbunden ist und die übrigen Teile feststehen.Fig. 2 serves to make it clear that different configurations of the floors 1 and 2 and the cylinder 17 and the control of the closure member 8 are possible. However, further deviating configurations are also conceivable, for example an embodiment in which the drive rod is connected to the base 2 and the switching piece 20 and the other parts are fixed.

Ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Dies weist ein L-förmiges Verschlußorgan 8 auf, welches durch eine eingelagerte Feder 24′ in der ersten Position als Ruhelage gehalten wird. Die Federkonstante dieser Feder 24′ ist so ausgelegt, daß bei einer Entlüftung des Kompressionsraums 11 der Druck in der Druckkammer 3 das Verschlußorgan 8 in die zweite Position drückt, in der die Einströmöffnung 7 verschlossen ist und die Öffnung 10 gleichzeitig geöffnet wird. Die Entlüftung des Kompressionsraums 11 wird dadurch bewirkt, daß der Boden 2 im Zuge seiner Einschaltbewegung über eine am Kompressionszylinder 17 und/oder an der Antriebsstange 19 angeordnete Aussparung 22 läuft. Diese Aussparung 22 muß so angeordnet sein, daß die Belüftung dann stattfindet, wenn die Schaltkontakte 20, 21 eine zu Erreichung einer Lichtbogenlöschung ausreichende Distanz aufweisen. In der Fig. 3 ist die Position dargestellt, bei der die Entlüftung des Kompressionsraums 11 beginnt.A third embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. This has an L-shaped closure member 8, which is held by an embedded spring 24 'in the first position as the rest position. The spring constant of this spring 24 'is designed so that when the compression chamber 11 is vented, the pressure in the pressure chamber 3 presses the closure member 8 into the second position in which the inflow opening 7 is closed and the opening 10 is opened at the same time. The ventilation of the compression space 11 is brought about by the fact that the floor 2 runs in the course of its switching-on movement via a recess 22 arranged on the compression cylinder 17 and / or on the drive rod 19. This recess 22 must be arranged so that the ventilation takes place when the switch contacts 20, 21 are at a sufficient distance to achieve an arc extinguishing. 3 shows the position at which the ventilation of the compression space 11 begins.

Wie schon bei der Fig. 1 und 2 ist auch in Fig. 3 der Boden 2 mit einer belüftungsbohrung 15 versehen, die bei der Ausschaltbewegung durch ein Rückschlagventil 16 verschlossen ist. Rückschlagventil 16 und Belüftungsbohrung 15 dienen der Belüftung des Kompressionsraums 11 bei der Einschaltbewegung. Selbstverständlich kann die Belüftungsbohrung 15 mit dem Rückschlagventil 16 auch an einer anderen Stelle, z.B. am Kompressionszylinder 17 so angeordnet werden, daß die Bohrung 15 in einen Teil des Kompressionsraus 11 mündet, der auch in der Ausschaltstellung noch erhalten bleibt.As in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bottom 2 in FIG. 3 is provided with a ventilation hole 15, which is closed by a check valve 16 during the switch-off movement. Check valve 16 and ventilation hole 15 serve to vent the compression chamber 11 during the switch-on movement. Of course, the ventilation hole 15 with the check valve 16 can also be located at another location, e.g. be arranged on the compression cylinder 17 so that the bore 15 opens into a part of the compression space 11, which remains in the off position.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 ist im Bereich der Öffnung 10 des Gasspeicherraums 9 ein Rückschlagventil 27 vorgesehen, das ein Rückströmen von Isoliergas durch die Öffnung 10 in den Gasspeicherraum 9 verhindert. Dieses Rückschlagventil dient bei der Schaltung großer Ströme dazu, während der zweiten Phase der Ausschaltbewegung einen Druckverlust der Druckkammer 3 durch die Öffnung 10 in den Gasspeicherraum 9 zu verhindern.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a check valve 27 is provided in the area of the opening 10 of the gas storage space 9, which prevents insulating gas from flowing back through the opening 10 into the gas storage space 9. This check valve is used when switching large currents to prevent a pressure loss of the pressure chamber 3 through the opening 10 into the gas storage space 9 during the second phase of the switch-off movement.

Das Rückschlagventil 6 der Ausströmöffnung 5 weist eine zusätzliche Ventilplatte 6′ auf, die bei geöffnetem Rückschlagventil 6 den Querschnitt des Einlasses 26 zwischen der Schaltstrecke 4 und dem Gasspeicherraum 9 verschließt. ,Diese Ventilplatte 6′ sorgt dafür, daß das infolge starker Gasexpansion in den Gasspeicherraum 9 eingedrungene heiße Gas bei Annäherung des Stroms an den Nulldurchgang und der dadurch bedingten Öffnung des Rückschlagventils 6 nicht in Richtung der Schaltstrecke 4 zurückfluten kann, was eine Vermischung mit dem kalten Gas aus der Druckkammer 3 zur Folge hätte und dadurch die Löscheigenschaften dieses Gases verschlechtern würde.The check valve 6 of the outflow opening 5 has an additional valve plate 6 ', which closes the cross section of the inlet 26 between the switching path 4 and the gas storage space 9 when the check valve 6 is open. , This valve plate 6 'ensures that the hot gas which has entered the gas storage space 9 as a result of strong gas expansion cannot flow back into the direction of the switching path 4 when the current approaches the zero crossing and the resulting opening of the check valve 6, which would result in a mixture with the cold gas from the pressure chamber 3 and thereby worsen the extinguishing properties of this gas.

Die Fig. 4 bis 6 zeigen jeweils einen Ausschnitt des SF₆-Eindruckschalters im Bereich zwischen der Antriebsstange 19, der Zwischenwand 25 und dem Boden 1. Dargestellt ist das Verschlußorgan 8′ bzw. 8˝ in verschiedenen Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten.4 to 6 each show a section of the SF₆ impression switch in the area between the drive rod 19, the intermediate wall 25 and the bottom 1. Shown is the closure member 8 'and 8˝ in various design options.

Fig. 4 zeigt das Verschlußorgan 8′ als mindestens eine Klappe ausgebildet, die in der ersten Position die Öffnung 10 verschließt und die Einströmöffnung 7 zur Druckkammer 3 öffnet und in der zweiten Position die Einströmöffnung 7 verschließt und die Öffnung 10 zur Druckkammer 3 öffnet. Dazu kann das klappenförmig ausgebildete Verschlußorgan 8′ beispielsweise mit seinem Drehpunkt im Bereich der Antriebsstange 9 angeordnet werden, so daß es in einer waagerechten Stellung auf dem Boden 1 aufliegt und die Öffnung 7 verschließt und dabei gleichzeitig die Öffnung 10 zur Druckkammer 3 freigibt. In seiner angehobenen Stellung schlägt das klappenförmig ausgebildete Verschlußorgan 8′ an der Trennwand 25 an, verschließt dadurch die Öffnung 10 und gibt die Einströmöffnung 7 zur Druckkammer 3 frei.Fig. 4 shows the closure member 8 'formed as at least one flap that closes the opening 10 in the first position and opens the inflow opening 7 to the pressure chamber 3 and closes the inflow opening 7 in the second position and opens the opening 10 to the pressure chamber 3. For this purpose, the flap-shaped closure member 8 'can be arranged, for example, with its fulcrum in the region of the drive rod 9, so that it rests in a horizontal position on the floor 1 and closes the opening 7 and at the same time opens the opening 10 to the pressure chamber 3. In its raised position, the flap-shaped closure member 8 'strikes the partition 25, thereby closing the opening 10 and exposing the inflow opening 7 to the pressure chamber 3.

Fig. 5 zeigt die Ausbildung des Verschlußorgans 8˝ als ein verschiebbarer Ring. Dieser verschiebbare Ring weist an der Innenseite zur Antriebsstange 19 eine Gleitfläche auf, die gasdicht ausgebildet ist. Das Verschlußorgan 8˝ ist in seiner zweiten Position gezeichnet, in der es mit seinem äußeren Ende auf dem Boden 1 aufliegt und dadurch die Einströmöffnung 7 verschließt. In seiner zweiten Position,wird das Verschlußorgan 8˝ nach oben verschoben und stößt mit seinem äußeren Ende an die Trennwand 25 an, wodurch die Einströmöffnung 7 mit der Druckkammer 3 verbunden ist und die Öffnung 10 verschließt.Fig. 5 shows the formation of the closure member 8˝ as a sliding ring. This displaceable ring has a sliding surface on the inside to the drive rod 19, which is gas-tight. The closure member 8˝ is drawn in its second position, in which it rests with its outer end on the floor 1 and thereby closes the inflow opening 7. In its second position, the closure member 8˝ is moved upward and abuts with its outer end on the partition wall 25, whereby the inflow opening 7 is connected to the pressure chamber 3 and closes the opening 10.

Eine ähnliche Funktion weist Fig. 6 auf. Das Verschlußorgan 8˝ ist ebenfalls als verschiebbarer Ring ausgebildet, mit dem Unterschied, daß der verschiebbare Ring eine mehr plattenförmige Gestalt hat und die Einströmöffnung 7 dadurch von der Symmetrieachse gesehen weiter außen angeordnet werden kann. Das Verschlußorgan 8˝ liegt ebenfalls in einer Position auf dem Boden 1 auf, verschließ! dabei die Öffnung 7, und schlägt in seiner anderen Position an die Trennwand 25 an, wodurch die Öffnung 10 verschlossen wird, wobei jeweils die andere Öffnung geöffnet ist.6 has a similar function. The closure member 8˝ is also designed as a displaceable ring, with the difference that the displaceable ring has a more plate-like shape and the inflow opening 7 can be arranged further out as seen from the axis of symmetry. The closure member 8˝ is also in a position on the floor 1, close! the opening 7, and strikes in its other position on the partition 25, whereby the opening 10 is closed, the other opening being opened.

An dem Verschlußorgan 8′ bis 8˝ wird eine Feder angeordnet, die bewirkt, daß die Verstellung erst dann erfolgt, wenn der Druck P₂ entsprechend der Federstärke über dem Druck P₃ liegt, wobei die Ausbildungen des Verschlußorgans, wie sie in den Fig. 4 bis 6 dargestellt sind, mit einer der vorgenannten Entlüftungen des Kompressionsraums 11 verbunden sind und diese Entlüftung so gesteuert wird, daß es dann zu einer Entlüftung des Kompressionsraum 11 zur Bewirkung der Verschiebung des Verschlußorgans 8′, 8˝ kommt, wenn die Schaltbewegung so weit fortgeschritten ist, daß ein weiteres Komprimieren des Gases nicht mehr der Löschung des Lichtbogens zugute kommen kann, da die zur Lichtbogenlöschung ausreichende Distanz erreicht ist.At the closure member 8 'to 8˝ a spring is arranged, which causes the adjustment to take place only when the pressure P₂ is corresponding to the spring strength above the pressure P₃, the training of the closure member, as shown in Figs. 4 to 6 are shown, are connected to one of the aforementioned vents of the compression space 11 and this ventilation is controlled so that there is then a venting of the compression space 11 to effect the displacement of the closure member 8 ', 8˝ when the switching movement has progressed so far that further compression of the gas can no longer benefit the arc quenching, since the sufficient distance for the arc quenching has been reached.

Claims (10)

1. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch with a switching chamber filled with insulating gas, at least two switch contacts (20, 21), of which at least one is movable by a drive rod (19), a compression equipment (1, 2, 17), which is actuable by this switching movement, for the insulating gas, the compression chamber (11) of which is bounded by two bases (1, 2), which lie each opposite to the other and are movable each relative to the other, wherein a pressure chamber (3) is arranged between the insulating substance nozzle (12) and the base (1) facing it and displays an outflow opening (5), which is closable by a non-return valve (6), in the direction of the switching path (4) and an inflow opening (7), which is in the base (1) and closable in the direction of the compression equipment (1, 2, 17) by a closure organ (8, 8′, 8˝), as well as a passage which is arranged parallelly to the pressure chamber (3) and opens into that part of the pressure chamber ( 3 ), which is remote from the outflow opening (5), by means of a closable opening (10), characterised thereby, that the passage is constructed as a gas storage chamber ( 9 ), which is connected with the switching path ( 4 ) and extends to the opening (10), which is closable by means of the closure organ (8′, 8˝, 8‴) and opens into that part of the pressure chamber (3), which is remote from the outflow opening (5), that the inflow opening (7) is open and the opening (10) is closed in a first position of the closure organ (8′, 8˝, 8‴) and that the inflow opening (7) is closed and the opening (10) is open in a second position of the closure organ ( 8′, 8˝, 8‴), wherein the closure organ ( 8′, 8˝, 8‴) is in the first position for the quenching of low current arcs and is initially in the first position and moves into the second position after reaching a distance between the switch contacts (20, 21), which is adequate for the quenching of arcs, for the quenching of high current arcs.
2. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the closure organ (8) is constructed as an axially displaceable ring of L-shaped cross-section, wherein the axial limb is pushed sealingly in front of the opening (10) and the inflow opening (7) is freed in the first position of the closure organ (8) and the opening (10) is freed and the inflow opening (7) is closed by the radial limb in the second position and that the axial displacement of the L-shaped ring is effected by a ventilation of the compression chamber (11).
3. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the closure organ (8′) is constructed as at least one flap in such a manner that it closes the opening (10) and opens the inflow opening (7) in the first position and closes the inflow opening (7) and opens the opening (10) in the second position, wherein a spring (24′) is arranged, which holds the closure organ (8′) in its first position until a predetermined pressure (P2) is reached and that the change in position of the closure organ (8′) is effected by a ventilation of the compression chamber (11).
4. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the closure organ (8˝) is constructed as a displaceable ring which closes the opening (10) and opens the inflow opening (7) in the first position and opens the inflow opening (7) and closes the opening (10) in the second position, wherein a spring (24′) is arranged, which holds the closure organ (8˝) in its first position until a predetermined pressure (P2) is reached and that the change in position of the closure organ (8˝) is effected by a ventilation of the compression chamber (11).
5. Sulpur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to claim 2 to 4, characterised thereby, that the ventilation of the compression chamber (11) is effected through a ventilation bore (13) with a ventilation vale (14), which opens again the force of a spring (14′), wherein the spring constant is so determined that the opening of the ventilation valve (14) takes place in the case of a pressure in the compression chamber (11), which arises when the distance between the switch contacts (20, 21), which is adequate for the quenching of arcs, has been reached with the non-return valve (6) closed.
6. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to claim 2 to 4, characterised thereby, that the ventilation of the compression chamber (11) is effected through a ventilation bore (13) with a ventilation valve (14), that the ventilation valve (14) opens against the force of a spring (14˝) and that a pin (18) is connected with the base (1) and so dimensioned in its length that it opens the ventilation valve (14) on a distance between the switch contacts (20, 21), which is adequate for the quenching of arcs being reached.
7. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to claim 2 to 4, characterised thereby, that the base (1), on a distance between the switch contacts (20, 21), which is adequate for the quenching or arcs being reached, runs across a recess (22) arranged at the compression cylinder (17) and/or the drive rod (19).
8. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised thereby, that the non-return valve (6) displays an additional valve plate (6′), which closes the inlet (26) between the switching path (4) and the gas storage chamber (9) when the non-return valve (6) is open.
9. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised thereby, that the compression chamber (11) is ventilated during the switching-on movement through a ventilation bore (15) provided with a non-return valve (16).
10. Sulphur hexafluoride single-pressure switch according to one of the claims 1 and 2 or 6 to 9, characterised thereby, that a non-return valve (27) is so arranged in the region of the opening (10) of the gas storage chamber (9) that no insulating gas can flow through the opening (10) into the gas storage chamber (9).
EP89102110A 1988-03-25 1989-02-08 Single-pressure switch with sf6 Expired - Lifetime EP0334008B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3810091A DE3810091A1 (en) 1988-03-25 1988-03-25 SF (DOWN ARROW) 6 (DOWN ARROW) PRESSURE SWITCH
DE3810091 1988-03-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0334008A2 EP0334008A2 (en) 1989-09-27
EP0334008A3 EP0334008A3 (en) 1991-01-23
EP0334008B1 true EP0334008B1 (en) 1992-04-22

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ID=6350663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89102110A Expired - Lifetime EP0334008B1 (en) 1988-03-25 1989-02-08 Single-pressure switch with sf6

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EP (1) EP0334008B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3810091A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3942489C2 (en) * 1989-12-22 1994-03-10 Licentia Gmbh Gas pressure switch
FR2704976B1 (en) * 1993-05-07 1995-06-23 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE BLOW GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER.
DE19547522C1 (en) * 1995-12-08 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag HV line circuit breaker with gas-storage space - has gas-storage space divided by partition into heating space and cold gas space
DE10226044A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-24 Alstom Air blast switch
CN102306590B (en) * 2011-06-01 2013-08-28 厦门华电开关有限公司 Arc extinguishing chamber of circuit breaker

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH568649A5 (en) * 1974-07-29 1975-10-31 Sprecher & Schuh Ag
FR2563372B1 (en) * 1984-04-24 1988-02-26 Alsthom Atlantique HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH ARC BLOWING
DE3438635A1 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-03 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau EXHAUST GAS SWITCH
FR2596575B1 (en) * 1986-03-26 1988-05-20 Alsthom DIELECTRIC GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER UNDER PRESSURE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3810091A1 (en) 1989-10-05
DE58901215D1 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0334008A2 (en) 1989-09-27
EP0334008A3 (en) 1991-01-23

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