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EP0143332B1 - Dispositif de déverrouillage rapide pour une porte verrouillée - Google Patents

Dispositif de déverrouillage rapide pour une porte verrouillée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143332B1
EP0143332B1 EP84112849A EP84112849A EP0143332B1 EP 0143332 B1 EP0143332 B1 EP 0143332B1 EP 84112849 A EP84112849 A EP 84112849A EP 84112849 A EP84112849 A EP 84112849A EP 0143332 B1 EP0143332 B1 EP 0143332B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
lap
locking
door
hasp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84112849A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0143332A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Adolf Klein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84112849T priority Critical patent/ATE36736T1/de
Publication of EP0143332A1 publication Critical patent/EP0143332A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0143332B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143332B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B63/00—Locks or fastenings with special structural characteristics
    • E05B63/24—Arrangements in which the fastening members which engage one another are mounted respectively on the wing and the frame and are both movable, e.g. for release by moving either of them
    • E05B63/244—Arrangements in which the fastening members which engage one another are mounted respectively on the wing and the frame and are both movable, e.g. for release by moving either of them the striker being movable for latching, the bolt for unlatching, or vice versa
    • E05B63/246—Emergency release from inside by releasing the striker
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B65/00—Locks or fastenings for special use
    • E05B65/10—Locks or fastenings for special use for panic or emergency doors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a quick-release device for an outwardly opening closed door, the mortise of which engages with its locking bolt in a locking plate consisting of a fixed inner part and a movable flap part, the inner part of which is attached to the lock faceplate in a recess in the frame and the flap part of which is attached to the Located on the outside of the frame, on the inner part is a latch that can be actuated independently of the mortise lock, which engages with the flap part in the locking position and, after quick release, releases the flap part, so that when the door is opened by the pre-closed locking bolt from the outside of the frame can be lifted off.
  • Locked exterior doors have often proven to be an insurmountable obstacle in an emergency, even when the door key was at hand.
  • emergencies for example in the event of a fire, it is often a matter of saving lives that the locked exterior door blocking the escape route can be opened quickly from the inside.
  • the panic that quickly sets in with such events rarely allows the parties concerned to act according to plan. Even inserting the existing key into the lock can prove impossible in the event of a panic-dictated rush to the door.
  • a known quick-release device (GB-A-3224 / A.D. 1903) of the type specified at the outset is designed to be able to quickly unlock a row of doors of an accommodation, a hospital or a department store from a central location at the same time.
  • a bar vertically displaceably arranged in the frame is provided for each of the doors as a bolt, the bars of all doors being articulated via an angle lever with a push rod that is horizontally displaceable in the upper frame part.
  • the horizontal push rod is moved accordingly, which unlocks all the doors connected to the central unlocking system at the same time.
  • the known device does not allow the quick release of a single door.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a quick-release device for a single locked door which, in an emergency, allows the door to be opened immediately from the inside without the use of a key and without the use of destructive force.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the pre-closed locking bolt rests on the tab part, the engagement of which with the bolt can be canceled from the inside of the frame.
  • the flap part can be quickly unlocked directly from the inside of the frame without remote control of the device, so that the door can be pushed open from the inside to the outside without retracting the key of the locking bolt and, of course, without actuating the lever to retract the latch of the mortise lock , whereby the door takes the tab part of the striking plate to the outside due to the still existing engagement with the lock.
  • the locking between the inner part and the flap part of the striking plate can be designed such that the two striking plate parts are put together again after the quick-release device has been actuated, i.e. can be locked together.
  • a rotary latch is rotatably and axially immovably mounted on the inner part, which is non-positively connected to an actuating shaft extending to the inside of the frame and in the locked position or the like in a locking opening. engages the flap part, from which it can be disengaged by rotating the actuating shaft by a small angle of rotation to release the flap part.
  • a particularly simple and compact design of the quick-release device is achieved if the rotary latch is attached directly to the inner end of the actuating shaft, which is rotatably and axially immovably mounted on the inner part, and can be rotated in a plane parallel to the flap part.
  • the actuating shaft simultaneously takes over the mounting of the rotary bolt, for its pivoting or rotating path within the two-part striking plate, because of its rotating plane parallel to the flap part, there is only a small space requirement.
  • a handle is attached to the outer end of the actuating shaft that is guided through the frame.
  • this handle for example a handle similar to a handle, the torque required for unlocking the device can be quickly transferred to the rotary latch. Since the handle is permanently attached to the actuation shaft, it is immediately available for actuation in an emergency. Since it is arranged approximately at the level of the door handle, be it can also be found in a position that is convenient for operation.
  • the handle which has a handle-like shape, is fastened to the actuating shaft in an essentially vertically oriented manner in the locked position. This distinguishes the handle sufficiently from the essentially horizontally oriented door handle.
  • the handle of the quick-release device can of course also be given a shape and color that is very different from the lever handle shape.
  • a particularly simple design of the striking plate inner part is obtained if it is bent from a flat bar in a U-shape and bent at both ends to form mutually aligned fastening flanges which are aligned parallel to the lock faceplate and are to be inserted into the cover frame, and if the inner part in the U interior Bearing block for the actuating shaft and the rotary bolt attached to it is attached.
  • a correspondingly simple design of the flap part results if it is essentially a rectangular, flat and flush plate to be recessed into the outer surface of the frame, which in the locked position rests against the inner part and carries on its back a projection which defines the locking opening opposite the rotary latch .
  • the arrangement is expediently such that the projection defining the locking opening is bent out approximately U-shaped from a flat bar, which otherwise rests on the tab part in the area of the engagement of the latch and the locking bolt, reinforcing the tab part, and is fastened to it.
  • the flap part is stiffened in the area of engagement with the latch and the locking bolt, so that deflections during normal use, i. H. in the locked position, there is no fear.
  • the arrangement is expediently such that the rotary bolt and the associated locking opening are in their vertical position between the latch and the locking bolt. In this way, a secure central locking of the tab part abutting the inner part is achieved.
  • the flap part is no longer connected to the inner part of the striking plate, so that the flap part can, as it were, drop downwards.
  • the arrangement is preferably such that the flap part is connected to the inner part via a handlebar arrangement which, when the lock is released, enables the flap part to be pivoted outwards, releasing the latch and the locking bolt.
  • the flap part hinged to the inner part can be moved back into its locking position immediately after actuation of the quick-release device and can be fixed by the rotary latch.
  • the handlebar arrangement expediently consists of two articulated levers which are articulated on the one hand in the vicinity of the fastening flanges on the inner part and on the other hand in each case on an end bend of the flat bar forming the locking opening of the flap part, the articulation points being formed in each case by vertically arranged pivot bolts. Due to this arrangement, the two articulated levers pivot when the lock is released and pressure on the door is approximately in parallel horizontal planes.
  • the arrangement can be such that the pivot bolts located on the end folds in the locked position of the striking plate parts lie somewhat further from the flap part than the pivot bolts on the inner part. This arrangement ensures that the unlocked tab part initially moves approximately parallel to the outside, so that it can exit the inlet opening of the frame, in which it is located in a form-fitting manner and as seamlessly as possible, before it leads away from the latch and the locking bolt of the lock Pivoting begins.
  • the rotary latch can also be designed as a two-armed rotary latch, the arms of which are oriented essentially vertically in the locked position and engage with their ends behind associated projections of the tab part.
  • the rotary latch is very space-saving, so that the striking plate, i.e. H. the flap part can have a smaller width.
  • the actuating shaft is secured against unintentional rotation by means of a latch that can be released by means of the handle.
  • the cooperating latching elements to be provided for this purpose are to be arranged such that one latching element is located on a part rotating with the actuating shaft and the other latching element is located on a stationary part, the flap part and the elements located on it in this definition in any case in the locked position are stationary parts.
  • the arrangement can thus be such that, on the one hand, latching elements are attached to the rotary latch and to the associated locking surface (s) of the tab part.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 and 13 are shown on a larger scale than the other figures.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 To explain the basic installation situation of the quick release device according to the innovation, reference is first made to FIGS. 1 to 3. From Fig. 1 a built in masonry 1 frame 2 can be seen, in which the closed shown in the direction of arrow 3 to the outside door 4 is located. A commercially available mortise lock 5 is installed in the door 4, from whose faceplate 6 the latch 7 and the locking bolt 8 in the closed position protrude. The invention can of course also be used in conjunction with a mortise lock, which has several locking bolts or only one lockable latch. The lock is assigned a door handle 9 located on the inside of the door and a door knob 10 on the outside. Door handles 9 and door knob 10 are each attached in long plates 11 or in rosettes.
  • a striking plate designated by the general reference number 12 is accommodated in a recess 13 of the frame 2.
  • the striking plate 12 embodying the invention will now be explained in more detail below.
  • the striking plate 12 consists of an inner part 15 and a flap part 16 which is flush with the outer surface of the frame 2 and which projects beyond the flap 17 of the door 4. Inner part 15 and flap part 16 are releasably locked together in a manner to be described in more detail.
  • the inner part is bent from a flat bar in a U-shape, as a result of which it delimits an interior 18 on three sides, which accommodates the functional parts of the quick-release device, which will be described later.
  • the inner part 15 is bent into fastening flanges 19, in which there are countersunk bores for receiving screws 20, with which the inner part 15 let into the fold of the frame 2 is fastened to the frame 2.
  • a bearing block 21 located in the interior 18 is rigidly connected to the inner part 15.
  • the actuating shaft 23 extends through a bore 25 made in the frame 2 to the inside of the frame and is rigidly connected at its outer end to a handle-like handle 26.
  • the rotary bolt 24 has a cam-like shape as shown in FIG. 2 and, due to its attachment and mounting, can be rotated in a plane parallel to the flap part 16 by limited angular amounts.
  • the flap part 16 is a rectangular, flat and flush in the outer surface of the frame 2 recessed steel plate, which in the locked position according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is tight against the inner part 15.
  • the flap part 16 should be embedded as seamlessly as possible in the frame 2 in order to make it more difficult to attack any burglary tools.
  • a cover made of steel or the like. be armored in order to increase the security of the frame 2 in this area by a cover made of steel or the like. be armored.
  • a flat bar is applied to the front edge 16a of the flap part and is permanently and non-detachably connected to the flap part 16 at several points 27 (FIG. 3), for example by spot welding or riveting .
  • the flat bar 28 has an approximately U-shaped projection 29 which forms the locking opening 30 (FIG. 3) opposite the rotary latch 24 of the inner part 15.
  • the rotary latch 24 located in the locked position engages in the locking opening 30 and lies against the projection 29 from the inside.
  • the projection 29 can be pressed in somewhat, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 For a more detailed explanation of the link arrangement connecting the flap part 16 to the inner part 15, which is not shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 for reasons of clarity, reference is now made in particular to FIGS. 8 to 10.
  • the flat bar 28 fastened to the tab part 16 has end bends 31 at the top and bottom, the mutual spacing of which is somewhat less than the distance between the opposite walls of the U-shaped region of the inner part 15, so that the end bends 31 can enter the interior space 18 delimited by the inner part , whereby the height of the flap part 16 is additionally secured relative to the inner part 15. Since the handlebar arrangement is designed to match the top and bottom, only the handlebar arrangement shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 will be described in more detail below.
  • An articulated lever 32 is articulated to the end fold 31 by means of a pivot pin 34.
  • Another pivot pin 33 pivotally supports the articulated lever 32 in the vicinity of the mounting flange 19 of the inner part 15. Since the pivot bolts 33 and 34 are arranged vertically, the articulated lever 32 moves in a horizontal direction when the flap part 16 moves relative to the inner part screwed onto the frame 2 Level. As illustrated in FIG. 8, when the striking plate 12 is locked, the pivot pin 34 is a little further away from the latch 16 than the pivot pin 33. Because of this articulation situation, when the articulated lever 32 is pivoted out, the pivot pin 34 moves on the one shown in FIG. 8 and provided with a directional arrow Circular arc 35.
  • FIG. 9 like FIG. 7, shows that, at the end of the pivoting movement, the flap part 16 is pivoted so far to the left that any engagement with the latch 7 and the pre-closed locking bolt 8 of the mortise lock 5 is canceled.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 To explain the function of the quick release device described so far, reference is now made to FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5.
  • the handle 26 is in the locked position of the striking plate 12 in a vertical position, from which it can be pivoted out to the right and to the left in the embodiment shown and described.
  • the rotary bolt 24 emerges from the locking opening 30 formed by the projection 29, as a result of which the locking is released.
  • This situation is shown in Fig. 5 using the example of a pivoting of the handle to the left (based on the drawing).
  • the rotary latch 24 'fastened to the actuating shaft 23' is designed with two arms. Its arms 37 and 38 are aligned vertically in the locked position and engage with their ends behind projections 39 and 40 fastened to the tab part 16 '.
  • the function of the quick-release device equipped in this way corresponds to that described above. 11, the unlocked position of the rotary bolt 24 'is again indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • locking elements can be provided, for example in the arrangement shown in FIG. 13.
  • a recess 41 is provided in the surface of the arm 37 of the rotary latch 24 ′ facing the projection 39, into which a rib 42 or the like attached to the opposite surface of the projection 39. is engaged. This latching can easily be canceled by a slightly increased effort when pivoting the handle 26.
  • Corresponding locking elements 41, 42 can of course also be arranged on the rotary latch 24 or on the projection 29 in the exemplary embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Elevator Door Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Hinges (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Dispositif de déverrouillage rapide pour une porte (14) fermée qui s'ouvre vers l'extérieur, dont la serrure encastrée (5) est engagée par son pêne dormant (8) dans une gâche (12) composée d'une partie intérieure fixe (19) et d'une partie volet mobile (16), dont la partie intérieure (15) est fixée, face à la têtière (6) de la serrure, dans un évidement du bâti dormant (2) tandis que sa partie volet (16) se trouve au niveau de la face extérieure du châssis dormant, dispositif dans lequel, sur la partie intérieure (15), est articulé un loquet (24) qui peut être actionné indépendamment de la serrure encastrée (5) et qui est en prise avec la partie volet (16) dans la position de déverrouillage, et qui libère cette partie volet (16) après le déverrouillage rapide, de sorte que, lorsqu'on ouvre la porte (4), cette partie volet peut être écartée de la face extérieure du châssis dormant (2) par le pêne dormant (8) qui a été préalablement fermé, caractérisé en ce que le pêne dormant (8) préalablement fermé est en appui contre la partie volet (16) dont la prise avec le loquet (8) peut être supprimée en agissant de la face intérieure du châssis dormant (2).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un loquet tournant (24), monté rotatif et bloqué en translation axiale dans la partie intérieure (15), relié par une liaison de transmission de la force à un arbre d'actionnement (23) prolongé vers le côté intérieur du châssis dormant, et qui, dans la position verrouillée, est engagé dans une ouverture de verrouillage, ou équivalent (30), de la partie volet (16), à partir de laquelle il peut être écarté d'un petit angle de rotation sous l'effet de la rotation de l'arbre d'actionnement (23) pour libérer la partie volet (16).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le loquet tournant (24) est fixé directement à l'extrémité intérieure (22) de l'arbre d'actionnement (23) qui est monté rotatif mais bloqué en translation axiale dans la partie intérieure (15), et qui peut être tourné dans un plan parallèle à la partie volet (16).
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une manette (26) est fixée à l'extrémité extérieure de l'arbre d'actionnement (23) qui est passé à travers le châssis dormant (2).
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la manette (26) possède une forme analogue à une béquille et est fixée à l'arbre d'actionnement (23) de manière à être orientée sensiblement verticalement dans la position verrouillée.
6. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la partie intérieure (15) est formée par pliage en U d'une barre plate et repliée, à ses deux extrémités pour former des pattes de fixation (19) qui sont dans le même alignement, orientées parallèlement à la têtière (6) de la serrure et destinées à être encastrées dans le châssis dormant (2), et en ce qu'un support de palier (21) pour l'arbre d'actionnement (23) et pour le loquet tournant (24) monté sur cet arbre est fixé à la partie intérieure (15) dans la région intérieure du U.
7. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la partie volet (16) est essentiellement constituée par une plaque rectangulaire, plate et qui est destinée à être encastrée dans la surface extérieure du châssis dormant (2), et qui, dans la position verrouillée, est appuyée contre la partie intérieure (15) sans possibilité de basculement, et porte sur sa face arrière une saillie (29) qui définit l'ouverture de verrouillage (30) située en face du loquet tournant (24).
8. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la saillie (29) définissant l'ouverture de verrouillage (30) est recourbée en dehors du plan d'une barre plate (28), avec une forme à peu près en U, cette barre plate étant du reste appliquée sur la partie volet (16) dans la région de la prise du pêne demi-tour (7) et du pêne dormant (8), pour renforcer ainsi la partie volet (16), et étant fixée à cette partie volet.
9. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le loquet tournant (24) et l'ouverture de verrouillage correspondante (30) se trouvent, en hauteur, entre le pêne demi-tour (7) et le pêne dormant (8).
10. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la partie volet (16) est reliée à la partie intérieure (15) par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme à biellette (31 à 34) grâce auquel, après la suppression du verrouillage, la partie volet (16) peut se placer par pivotement dans une position déportée vers l'extérieur qui libère le pêne demi-tour (7) et le pêne dormant (8).
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme à biellette est avantageusement constitué par deux biellettes (32) dont chacune est articulée, d'une part, à la partie intérieure (15), dans le voisinage des pattes de fixation (19) et, d'autre part, à une partie d'extrémité rabattue (31) de la barre plate (28) qui forme l'ouverture de verrouillage (30) de la partie volet (16), les articulations étant formées par des axes d'articulation (33, 34) disposés verticalement.
12. Dispositif selon les revendications 10 et 11, caractérisé en ce que, dans la position verrouillée des parties (15, 16) de la gâche, les axes d'articulation (34) qui se trouvent sur les parties rabattues d'extrémités (31) se trouvent, un peu plus loin de la partie volet (16) que les axes d'articulation (33) portés par la partie intérieure (15).
13. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le loquet tournant est constitué par un loquet tournant (24') à deux bras dont les bras (37, 38) sont orientés sensiblement verticalement dans la position verrouillée et sont engagés par leurs extrémités derrière des saillies correspondantes (39, 40) de la partie volet (16).
14. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre d'actionnement (23) est protégé à l'encontre des rotations involontaires par un crantage (41, 42) pouvant être supprimé au moyen de la manette (26).
15. Dispositif selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que des éléments de crantage (41, 42) sont prévus, d'une part, sur le loquet tournant (24, 24'), et d'autre part, sur la ou les surface(s) de verrouillage de la partie volet (16, 16') qui coopère(nt) avec le loquet.
EP84112849A 1983-10-28 1984-10-25 Dispositif de déverrouillage rapide pour une porte verrouillée Expired EP0143332B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84112849T ATE36736T1 (de) 1983-10-28 1984-10-25 Schnellentriegelungsvorrichtung fuer eine verriegelte tuer.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8330967U 1983-10-28
DE19838330967U DE8330967U1 (de) 1983-10-28 1983-10-28 Schnellentriegelungsvorrichtung fuer eine verriegelte tuer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0143332A1 EP0143332A1 (fr) 1985-06-05
EP0143332B1 true EP0143332B1 (fr) 1988-08-24

Family

ID=6758352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84112849A Expired EP0143332B1 (fr) 1983-10-28 1984-10-25 Dispositif de déverrouillage rapide pour une porte verrouillée

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0143332B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE36736T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE8330967U1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT392319B (de) * 1989-11-21 1991-03-11 Ife Gmbh Verriegelungseinrichtung mit einer klinkensperre fuer grifflose schwenkschiebetueren
DE4105545C1 (fr) * 1991-02-22 1992-06-17 Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De
AUPN406595A0 (en) * 1995-07-11 1995-08-03 Sidney, Kenneth James Improved door jamb assembly
DE10143640C5 (de) 2001-09-06 2007-02-08 Rational Ag Sicherheitsvorrichtung für begehbare Innenräume, insbesondere von Gargeräten
FR2931184B1 (fr) * 2008-05-16 2010-09-10 Bernard Vincent Gratias Dispositif d'ouverture des acces de secours
FR3035910B1 (fr) * 2015-05-04 2021-07-09 Ferco Gache
CN110905304B (zh) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-29 零八一电子集团四川红轮机械有限公司 一种可复位自救门锁及舱门
EP4215744A1 (fr) * 2022-01-20 2023-07-26 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology S.L. Agencement de porte pour une éolienne, dispositif de verrouillage de porte et éolienne

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190303224A (en) * 1903-02-11 1903-12-17 Lancelot William Sharpe Improvements in Locks or Fastenings for Doors
US3765709A (en) * 1971-09-10 1973-10-16 Wyck W Van Door lock mechanism
US3966248A (en) * 1972-06-29 1976-06-29 James Loyal W Safety door lock
US3963269A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-06-15 Rosenberg Sheldon R Security device
AT363804B (de) * 1978-06-16 1981-09-10 Horn Rudolf Vorrichtung zur sicherung einer tuere od. dgl.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0143332A1 (fr) 1985-06-05
DE8330967U1 (de) 1984-01-26
DE3473623D1 (en) 1988-09-29
ATE36736T1 (de) 1988-09-15

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