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DE69521497T2 - MICROWAVE ANTENNA - Google Patents

MICROWAVE ANTENNA

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Publication number
DE69521497T2
DE69521497T2 DE69521497T DE69521497T DE69521497T2 DE 69521497 T2 DE69521497 T2 DE 69521497T2 DE 69521497 T DE69521497 T DE 69521497T DE 69521497 T DE69521497 T DE 69521497T DE 69521497 T2 DE69521497 T2 DE 69521497T2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
antenna
waveguide
planar elements
elements
cavities
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE69521497T
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE69521497D1 (en
Inventor
Louis Collins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FORTEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Original Assignee
FORTEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9403752A external-priority patent/GB9403752D0/en
Priority claimed from GB9409692A external-priority patent/GB9409692D0/en
Application filed by FORTEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd filed Critical FORTEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69521497D1 publication Critical patent/DE69521497D1/en
Publication of DE69521497T2 publication Critical patent/DE69521497T2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

A microwave antenna (10) is formed from a stack of generally planar elements (14-22) forming an array of horns (12) communicating with waveguides (38). The generally planar elements (14-22) are of metallised plastics. Each of these elements (14-22) has a given overall thickness which is constituted by a membrane of relatively small thickness formed (typically by vacuum forming) into a corrugated shape.

Description

Diese Erfindung bezieht sich auf Antennen, insbesondere (jedoch nicht ausschließlich) auf Planarantennen zum Empfang von Mikrowellensignalen, wie direkte Bild- und Tonübertragung durch Satelliten-(DBS-)Signale.This invention relates to antennas, particularly (but not exclusively) to planar antennas for receiving microwave signals, such as direct video and audio transmission by satellite (DBS) signals.

Es sind Planarantennen bekannt, die eine Anordnung von Hörnern, die mit einem oder mehreren Wellenleitersystemen kommunizieren, umfassen, und bei denen die Hörner und Wellenleiter aus einem Sandwich übereinandergelegter, planarer Elemente geformt sind. Die planaren Elemente können Kunststofformteile mit elektrisch leitenden, durch Metallisieren geformten Oberflächen sein. Vergleichen sie zum Beispiel meine veröffentlichten internationalen Patentanmeldungen WO89/09501 und WO91/20109.Planar antennas are known which comprise an array of horns communicating with one or more waveguide systems, and in which the horns and waveguides are formed from a sandwich of superimposed planar elements. The planar elements may be plastic moldings with electrically conductive surfaces formed by metallization. See, for example, my published international patent applications WO89/09501 and WO91/20109.

Während sich Antennen des oben beschriebenen Typs als erfolgreich herausgestellt haben, sind weitere Verbesserungen im Hinblick auf das Vereinfachen der Massenherstellung und der Verringerung der Herstellungskosten nötig.While antennas of the type described above have proven successful, further improvements are needed to simplify mass production and reduce manufacturing costs.

Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Antenne bereitgestellt, das folgendes umfaßt: Bereitstellen einer Vielzahl von im allgemeinen planaren Elementen, wobei jedes der planaren Elemente eine allgemeine, vorgegebene Dicke aufweist, die transversal zu seiner Symmetrieebene liegt; Vakuumformen des planaren Elements, um die einzelnen Teile, die die Antenne ausmachen, dreidimensional zu formen, wobei diese Teile Wellenleiterhohlräume und Wellenleiterkanäle umfassen; Positionieren der geformten planaren Elemente in einem Stirnflächenverhältnis, um eine Reihe von Hohlräumen und ein Wellenleitsrsystem zu formen, wobei jeder Hohlraum mit mindestens einem Wellenleiterkanal in Verbindung ist; und Befestigen der planaren Elemente aneinander.According to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing an antenna comprising: providing a plurality of generally planar elements, each of the planar elements having a generally predetermined thickness transverse to its plane of symmetry; vacuum forming the planar element to three-dimensionally shape the individual parts making up the antenna, which parts include waveguide cavities and waveguide channels; positioning the formed planar elements in face-to-face relationship to define a series of cavities and a forming a waveguide system, each cavity communicating with at least one waveguide channel; and securing the planar elements together.

Ferner ist gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Antenne bereitgestellt, die durch das im letzten, vorhergehenden Abschnitt beschriebene Verfahren geformt wurde und die eine Vielzahl von im allgemeinen planaren Elementen umfaßt, die vakuumgeformt wurden, um dreidimensionale Teile, die die Antenne ausmachen, zu formen, wobei diese Teile Wellenleiterhohlräume und Wellenleiterkanäle umfassen, wobei die planaren Elemente im Stirnflächenverhältnis aneinander befestigt sind, um eine Anordnung von Hohlräumen und Wellenleitersystemen zu formen, wobei jeder Hohlraum mit mindestens einem Wellenleiterkanal in Verbindung ist.Further according to the present invention there is provided an antenna formed by the method described in the last preceding section and comprising a plurality of generally planar elements which have been vacuum formed to form three-dimensional parts making up the antenna, which parts include waveguide cavities and waveguide channels, the planar elements being secured to one another in face-to-face relation to form an array of cavities and waveguide systems, each cavity communicating with at least one waveguide channel.

In einer bevorzugten Form der Erfindung sind die planaren Elemente durch Ultraschallschweißen aneinander befestigt; zu diesem Zweck können die zusammenpassenden Flächen der planaren Elemente mit Rippen oder dergleichen versehen sein, die Schmelzen, um während des Ultraschallschweißens Schweißraupen zu formen.In a preferred form of the invention, the planar elements are secured together by ultrasonic welding; for this purpose, the mating surfaces of the planar elements may be provided with ribs or the like which melt to form weld beads during ultrasonic welding.

Erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsformen werden nun beispielhaft und unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben, wobei:Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 eine isometrische Ansicht, mit einem Teilschnitt durch eine transversale Ebene, eines erfindungsgemäßen Antennenteils ist;Fig. 1 is an isometric view, with a partial section through a transverse plane, of an antenna part according to the invention;

Fig. 2 einen Teil aus Fig. 1 detaillierter und vergrößert zeigt;Fig. 2 shows a part of Fig. 1 in more detail and enlarged;

Fig. 3 ein bevorzugtes Mittel, das zum Aneinanderbefestigen von Teilen des Systems aus Fig. 1 und 2 verwendet wird, darstellt;Figure 3 illustrates a preferred means used for securing together parts of the system of Figures 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht, die die Herstellung einer veränderten Form eines Wellenleiterkanals darstellt, ist; undFig. 4 is a plan view illustrating the fabrication of a modified shape of a waveguide channel; and

Fig. 5 ein vergrößerter Zeichnungsabschnitt im Querschnitt entlang der Linie 5-5 aus Fig. 4 ist.Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional drawing section taken along line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Besonders in bezug auf Fig. 1 und 2 weist ein im allgemeinen bei 10 ausgezeichnetes Antennenteil die Form einer 4 · 4-Anordnung von empfangenden Hörnern 12 auf. In der Praxis würde das Teil 10 mit ähnlichen Teilen zusammengebaut werden, um eine größere Anordnung als eine einzelne Antenne bereitzustellen. Das Antennenteil 10 umfaßt fünf im allgemeinen planare Elemente 14-22.Referring particularly to Figures 1 and 2, an antenna member generally indicated at 10 is in the form of a 4 x 4 array of receiving horns 12. In practice, member 10 would be assembled with similar members to provide a larger array than a single antenna. Antenna member 10 comprises five generally planar elements 14-22.

Das erste planare Element 14 ist geformt, um die Hornantennen 12 bereitzustellen, die jeweils aus einem spitz zulaufenden quadratischen Abschnitt bestehen und in einer niederen Wand 24 und kreisförmigen Öffnung 26 enden.The first planar element 14 is shaped to provide the horn antennas 12, each consisting of a tapered square section terminating in a low wall 24 and circular opening 26.

Die zweiten und dritten planaren Elemente 16, 18 definieren zusammen zylindrische Hohlräume 28 in Ausrichtung mit den kreisförmigen Öffnungen 26 und erste geschlossene, rechteckige Abschnittskanäle 30, die sich entlang der Länge des Antennenteils 10 erstrecken. Die Hohlräume 28 enden in einer planaren Teil-Endwand 32, die einen D- förmigen Schlitz 34 definiert.The second and third planar elements 16, 18 together define cylindrical cavities 28 in alignment with the circular openings 26 and first closed rectangular section channels 30 that extend along the length of the antenna portion 10. The cavities 28 terminate in a planar portion end wall 32 that defines a D-shaped slot 34.

Die vierten und fünften planaren Elemente 20, 22 definieren zusammen Bodenabschnitte 36 der Hornhohlräume und zweite geschlossene, rechteckige Abschnittspassagen 38. Jeder Bodenabschnitt 36 besitzt einen oberen Teil 39, der den D-förmigen Schlitzen 34 entspricht, und einen unteren Teil 40, der einen oben offenen Kanal formt, der mit einem der zweiten Passagen 38 in Verbindung ist.The fourth and fifth planar elements 20, 22 together define bottom sections 36 of the horn cavities and second closed, rectangular section passages 38. Each bottom section 36 has an upper part 39 corresponding to the D-shaped slots 34 and a lower part 40 forming an open-topped channel communicating with one of the second passages 38.

Die ersten Kanäle 30 sind mit den Hohlräumen 26 mittels Duchgängen 40, wie in Fig. 2 angezeigt, verbunden.The first channels 30 are connected to the cavities 26 by means of passages 40, as shown in Fig. 2.

Jedes der planaren Elemente 14-22 wird separat durch Vakuumformen eines geeigneten Kunststoffmaterials geformt. Vakuumformtechniken und -materialien sind an sich gut bekannt und werden deswegen hier nicht im Detail beschrieben. Die Wände der Hörner, Hohlräume und Kanäle bewirken die Bereitstellung einer geriffelten Formation für jedes Element, und geben dadurch einen beträchtlichen Grad an Steifheit, der sich durch das Aneinanderbefestigen der fünf Elemente erhöht.Each of the planar elements 14-22 is separately formed by vacuum forming a suitable plastic material. Vacuum forming techniques and materials are well known in the art and are therefore not described in detail here. The walls of the horns, cavities and channels function to provide a ridged formation for each element, thereby providing a significant degree of rigidity which is increased by securing the five elements together.

Nach dem Vakuumformen wird eine geeignete Seite jedes Elements in geeigneter Form metallisiert, so daß, wenn die Elemente aneinander befestigt werden, die Flächen der Hörner, Hohlräume und Kanäle, die der empfangenen Mikrowellenstrahlung anliegen, leitende, metallisierte Flächen sind. Die Kanäle 30 und 38 funktionieren daher als Wellenleiter für unterschiedlich polarisierte Mikrowellensignale, die, wie an sich bekannt, durch den Bau der Hohlräume 26 getrennt sind.After vacuum forming, an appropriate side of each element is metallized in a suitable form so that when the elements are secured together, the surfaces of the horns, cavities and channels facing the received microwave radiation are conductive, metallized surfaces. The channels 30 and 38 therefore function as waveguides for differently polarized microwave signals which, as is well known, are separated by the construction of the cavities 26.

Die fünf Elemente können in jeder beliebigen geeigneten Weise aneinander befestigt werden. Sie können zum Beispiel mittels Klebstoff aneinander befestigt werden. Ein bevorzugtes Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung ist jedoch das Aneinanderbefestigen der planaren Elemente mittels Ultraschallschweißen. Zu diesem Zweck sind, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, zusammenpassende Flächen, wie die untere Fläche 50 des ersten Elements 14 und die obere Fläche 52 des zweiten Elements 16, mit Rippen 54 versehen, die schmelzen, um während des Ultraschallschweißens kontinuierliche Schweißraupen zu formen.The five elements can be secured together in any suitable manner. For example, they can be secured together using adhesive. However, a preferred feature of the present invention is securing the planar elements together using ultrasonic welding. To this end, as shown in Figure 3, mating surfaces, such as the lower surface 50 of the first element 14 and the upper surface 52 of the second element 16, are provided with ribs 54 that melt to form continuous weld beads during ultrasonic welding.

In bezug auf Fig. 4 und 5 ist eine andere Bauweise eines geformten Teils 60, das teilweise die Wellenleiter definiert, dargestellt, zum Beispiel als Ersatz für Teil 22 in obiger Ausführungsform.Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, another construction of a shaped part 60 partially defining the waveguides is shown, for example as Replacement for part 22 in the above embodiment.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine 12 · 12-Anordnung, jedoch versteht es sich, daß die Vorrichtung auf jede gewünschte Anordnungsgröße angewandt werden kann.Fig. 4 shows a 12 x 12 array, but it is understood that the device can be applied to any desired array size.

Teil 60 ist wiederum vakuumgeformt, wobei eine einzige Materialmembran geformt wird, um obere Flächen 62 und untere Flächen 64, an welche Seitenbahnen 65 angrenzen, zu formen, um Wellenleiterkanäle 66 zu definieren. In dieser Ausführungsform sind die oberen Flächen 62 jedoch lediglich als Flansche in der Nähe der Wellenleiterkanäle 66 geformt, und an anderen Orten wird Material abgeschnitten, um Leerräume 68 zu formen.Part 60 is again vacuum formed, with a single membrane of material being formed to form top surfaces 62 and bottom surfaces 64, adjacent to which side panels 65 are to define waveguide channels 66. In this embodiment, however, top surfaces 62 are merely formed as flanges near waveguide channels 66, and material is trimmed away at other locations to form voids 68.

Diese Konfiguration ist besonders wirkungsvoll und führt zu einer Gewichtsreduzierung um ungefähr 30%. Zusätzlich dazu verringert das besondere Design die Größe des zu metallisierenden Bereichs.This configuration is particularly effective and results in a weight reduction of approximately 30%. In addition, the special design reduces the size of the area to be metallized.

Claims (7)

1. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Antenne (10), das aus folgendem besteht: Bereitstellen einer Vielzahl von im allgemeinen planaren Elementen (14, 16, 18, 20, 22), wobei jedes der planaren Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) eine allgemeine, vorgegebene Dicke aufweist, die transversal zu seiner Symmetrieebene liegt; Vakuumformen des planaren Elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22), um die einzelnen Teile, die die Antenne ausmachen, dreidimensional zu formen, wobei diese Teile (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) Wellenleiterhohlräume (28) und Wellenleiterkanäle (30) umfassen; Positionieren der geformten planaren Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) in einem Stirnflächenverhältnis, um eine Reihe von Hohlräumen (28) und ein Wellenleitersystem zu formen, wobei jeder Hohlraum (28) mit mindestens einem Wellenleiterkanal (30) in Verbindung ist; und Befestigen der planaren Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) aneinander.1. A method of manufacturing an antenna (10) comprising: providing a plurality of generally planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22), each of the planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) having a general predetermined thickness transverse to its plane of symmetry; vacuum forming the planar element (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) to three-dimensionally shape the individual parts that make up the antenna, said parts (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) comprising waveguide cavities (28) and waveguide channels (30); positioning the shaped planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) in face-to-face relationship to form a series of cavities (28) and a waveguide system, each cavity (28) communicating with at least one waveguide channel (30); and attaching the planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) to one another. 2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die planaren Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) durch Ultraschallschweißen aneinander befestigt werden.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) are secured to one another by ultrasonic welding. 3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei die zusammenpassenden Flächen der planaren Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) mit Rippen (54) oder dergleichen versehen sind, die schmelzen, um während des Ultraschallschweißens Schweißraupen zu formen.3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the mating surfaces of the planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) are provided with ribs (54) or the like which melt to form weld beads during ultrasonic welding. 4. Eine Antenne, die gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche geformt ist und aus einer Vielzahl von in allgemeinen planaren Elementen (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) besteht, die vakuumgeformt wurde, um dreidimensionale Teile (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) zu formen, die die Antenne (10) ausmachen, wobei diese Teile (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) Wellenleiterhohlräume (28) und Wellenleiterkanäle (30) umfassen, wobei die planaren Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) aneinander in einem Stirnflächenverhältnis befestigt sind, um eine Reihe von Hohlräumen (28) und ein Wellenleitersystem zu formen, wobei jeder Hohlraum (28) mit mindestens einem Wellenleiterkanal (30) in Verbindung steht.4. An antenna shaped according to any preceding claim and comprising a plurality of generally planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) which have been vacuum formed to form three-dimensional parts (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) which make up the antenna (10), said parts (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) comprising waveguide cavities (28) and waveguide channels (30), said planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) being attached to one another in end-to-end relationship to form a series of cavities (28) and a waveguide system, each cavity (28) communicating with at least one waveguide channel (30). 5. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 4, wobei jedes der planaren Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) auf mindestens einer Seite des vakuumgeformten Materials metallisiert ist.5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein each of the planar elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) is metallized on at least one side of the vacuum-formed material. 6. Antenne gemäß Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei jedes dieser Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) über die gesamte Fläche der Antenne ununterbrochen ist.6. Antenna according to claim 4 or 5, wherein each of these elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) is continuous over the entire area of the antenna. 7. Eine Antenne gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei der Wellenleiterkanal (30) teilweise durch eines dieser Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) festgelegt ist, das weggeschnitten wird, um Leerräume in den Bereichen der Elemente (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) zu formen, die nicht an den Wellenleiterkanal (30) angrenzen.7. An antenna according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the waveguide channel (30) is partially defined by one of said elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) which is cut away to form voids in the regions of the elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) not adjacent to the waveguide channel (30).
DE69521497T 1994-02-26 1995-02-24 MICROWAVE ANTENNA Expired - Fee Related DE69521497T2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9403752A GB9403752D0 (en) 1994-02-26 1994-02-26 Microwave antennas
GB9409692A GB9409692D0 (en) 1994-05-14 1994-05-14 Microwave antennas
PCT/GB1995/000398 WO1995023440A1 (en) 1994-02-26 1995-02-24 Microwave antennas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69521497D1 DE69521497D1 (en) 2001-08-02
DE69521497T2 true DE69521497T2 (en) 2002-05-29

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DE69521497T Expired - Fee Related DE69521497T2 (en) 1994-02-26 1995-02-24 MICROWAVE ANTENNA

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EP (1) EP0746880B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10500261A (en)
KR (1) KR100342111B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1075253C (en)
AT (1) ATE202658T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1715595A (en)
CA (1) CA2184080A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69521497T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0746880T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2160698T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3036740T3 (en)
PT (1) PT746880E (en)
WO (1) WO1995023440A1 (en)

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AU1715595A (en) 1995-09-11

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