DE4013253A1 - Coating float glass with coloured or colourless layers - by spray coating with pref. glassy material - Google Patents

Abstract

Coating float glass with coloured or colourless decorative glass layers consists of flame spraying with the substrate glass at a temperature at least equal to the softening temperature of the coating particles. Coating can be complete or partial using a pattern plate to produce a decorative effect. The sprayed coating may be glassy, partially crystalline or crystalline, while, colourless or coloured, transparent, semi-opaque or opaque. The coating thickness is pref. 0.1-0.5 mm. Different colourations can be achieved by varying the thickness and/or mixing or overlapping colours. By having a sprayed coating with a lower expansion coefficient than that of the substrate a tough, compressive coating is produced. By having a coating with a higher expansion coefficient a cracked structure is achieved. ADVANTAGE - By using flame spraying; there is no need for final firing stage.

Description

The invention is applicable for the production of color flat glass and for applying colored or colorless, before preferably glassy coatings for decoration or color design of flat glass. It can be particularly advantageous are used to manufacture new color flat glasses, Antique glasses and for decorating flat glass.

A detailed description of flame spraying, its Application that is spraying materials and equipment used in Appen, A. A .; Petzold, A .: Heat-resistant corrosion, Heat and wear protection layers; VEB publishing house for reason Stoffindustrie Leipzig, Leipzig 1984 and in Kretzschmar, E .: Metal, ceramic and plastic syringes; VEB Verlag Technik Ber lin, Berlin 1970, included. The use of flame spraying for glasses is neither as a glass base nor as a spraying unit proven substance. Further information on the application of the Flame spraying of powders are available from Krauskopf, F; Berthold, A. E .: Possibilities for using flame spraying with powdered filler materials; Technical information 78 (1985) Issue 8, pp. 380-388. The usual one so far Application of flame spraying is in the generation of ver wear, heat and / or corrosion protection layers on me tall underground. A major difference of the "glass flame spraying "to the previous flame spraying is the hot one Substrate that is necessary when applying layers of glass is. Injected ceramic layers also have a counter to glassy layers always a share of open Porosity (often <10%). Through various measures one tries to reduce the disadvantages of porosity. The Spray layers are therefore soaked to close the pores seal (with metals, glasses and enamels, inorganic substances and decomposable salt solutions).

For the technical task of manufacturing colored flat glass  are various methods in use and known. In the Most of the colored glasses make the glass either complete dyed through or as a thin coating layer by overfan applied or enamelling.

Decorating glasses with glass colors is done by colored, mostly borosilicate glasses. By painting, spraying (cal Spraying colored glass powders with organic adhesive learn who guarantee liability until they burn in) or the colors are applied by printing. The glass colors are white or colored, in transparent, semi-opaque or opaque design used. In a subsequent ar the applied layers of paint between 500 and 600 grdC branded [Author collective: ABC Glas, VEB German publishing house for basic material industry, Leipzig 1983]. Up to now, antique glasses have been manufactured with a lot of manual effort in most cases, they are colored through, too Flashed glasses are used for the artistic Design with glass.

Various methods of production have been used lately decorative effects have been developed and patented. To Creation of bubble and streak decorations were "procedures for refining smelters in the dining room "[see also Klein, J .; Wawek, R .: Intensification in the mechanical production of large-volume commercial and lighting glass product sen; Silikattechnik 39 (1988) Issue 9, pp. 301-305]. These Procedures allow during glass conditioning melt in the feeder, during the shaping and the edge processing of the products simultaneously in one process stage To achieve finishing effects. You are in the "procedure and Device for the production of bubble-decorated glasses "(DD WP 1 41 513) patented.

To create colored effects, "crumbly decorated Glasses "have been developed: The" process for the production of glasses industrially refined, mechanically seamlessly blown in large-volume hollow glass and device for carrying out the Procedure "(DD WP 1 46 279). By an electropneumatic Controlled device are glass crumbs on the ram  brought before the glass post is put down. The decoration medium melts into the glass item after the drop and is after the pressing process on the bottom of the Circuit board. Then the other usual shaping takes place process.

These procedures leave the search for expansion of color and decor design recognize, but they differ essentially from the "glass flame spraying" according to the invention. The flame spraying of glass has also not offered one so far achieved variety of design options, in addition to Mixing colors the layer thickness can be varied which can influence the color intensity, in addition, there are additional effects by influencing the Bubble content and non-melting Be by admixing parts accessible.

The aim of the invention is to apply the Flame spraying process, preferably glassy colored coatings apply to flat glass. The invention is in use suitable for stencils or with partial coating, decors or to achieve design effects. In addition, he the invention enables by miscibility and under different layer thicknesses an almost unlimited range of colors with cheaper production, because only small layer thicknesses be be required and that for example in the manufacture of Antique glasses have an extraordinarily high manual effort. There are other possible uses for art lerischer design with glass. With manual spray application individual handling with almost unlimited color range possible. The order can be manual, mechanized or automated.

The spray layers used can be glassy, semi-crystalline or crystalline, white or colored, transparent rent, semi-opaque or opaque.

Through the application of flame spraying from glass to glass it is possible with simple, easy-to-use means, full come new colored and flashed glasses and decors  len. With correspondingly set differences in the off The sprayed-on layer can have expansion coefficients Compressive preload for consolidation (never expansion coefficient driger as base glass) or for crackling effects (expansion coefficient higher than base glass) can be used. The crystal In extreme cases, linen components can be increased that a material with a thick layer of glass and a thin ceramic layer.

The invention has for its object by using the Flame spraying process, flat glass with preferably colored ones to provide glassy layers.

The advantages of the invention compared to already known technical solutions

• - in a low consumption of colored glass due to the low Layer thickness,
• - in high creative diversity by varying the Layer thickness, flowing color transitions, mixed colors, bei quantities of non-melting components,
• - with little effort.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in such a way that that layers, which are preferably glassy and colored, with Applied to the substrate using the flame spraying process will.

The following requirements are necessary for this:

• 1. The substrate must have a temperature <= the softening temperature (T _g ) of the glass during the spraying process.
• 2. The wettable powder must be in a for handling in Flame spray devices in a suitable form (powder required grain size).
• 3. The expansion coefficients of the base glass and sprayed-on layer normally become approximately the same be great.
• 4. To create a crackle effect, the expansion must coefficient of the sprayed layer correspondingly higher  be.
• 5. To generate a pressure bias in the sprayed Layer, the coefficient of expansion must be correspondingly lower be to achieve a solidification effect.

With the help of the powder flame spraying process, glassy, partially crystalline or crystalline, preferably colored powders which meet the requirements of the spray guns (grain size preferably in the range from 70 · 10 ^-3 to 150 · 10 ^-3 mm) are applied to flat glass. The spray application is carried out by the flame spray gun KMP 64, KMP 64/1 or by devices with the appropriate performance. The substrate must have a temperature <= the softening temperature (T _g ) of the glass (approx. 500 to 600 grdC) and be free of impurities. For energetic reasons, the spray order is classified in the manufacturing process that the glasses still have the necessary temperature through the manufacturing process. The distance between the spray gun and the surface is approximately 100 to 200 mm. The spray application can be done manually or mechanized or automated. Several spraying processes can be carried out in succession or side by side with different colors and layer thicknesses. The layer thickness will preferably be in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. It is possible to achieve partial coatings and decorative effects by using stencils. Mixing colors and varying layer thicknesses allows an almost unlimited range of colors. Additional effects can be achieved by adding non-melting components.

The sprayed-on layers can be glassy, partly crystalline or crystalline, white or colored, in transparent, half opaque or opaque versions are used. The embodiment of the invention is illustrated by the following examples explains:

• 1. Flat glass, for example ornamental glass, is covered after the shaping, while still hot (temperature <= softening temperature T _g ), with a layer which is preferably glassy and colored. The layer is applied on the smooth side using powder flame spray guns. The spray application can take place over the entire surface or only partially. Stencils or masking can be used for decorative effects.
• 2. Flat glass, for example table glass, is coated on one side with a spray application after its shaping, while still hot (temperature <= softening temperature T _g ), the coefficient of expansion of which is considerably greater than that of the substrate. Crackle structures can thus be reached after cooling.
• 3. Flat glass, for example sheet glass, is shaped after it has been shaped, while it is still hot (temperature <= softening temperature T _g ), with a partially crystalline or crystalline coating, the coefficient of expansion of which is matched to the substrate (maximum difference in expansion coefficient 0.7 · 10 ^-6 K ^-1 ). This means that new types of cloudy glass can be produced.
• 4. Flat glass, for example sheet glass, is completely sprayed on both sides after shaping, while still hot (temperature <= softening temperature T _g ), the expansion coefficient of which is less than that of the substrate. After cooling, a compressive stress occurs in the sprayed-on layer, which causes a consolidation effect.
• 5. After the shaping, flat glass, for example table glass, is provided in the still hot state (temperature <= softening temperature T _g ) with several, adjacent and overlapping spray orders of different colors. Mixed colors and color transitions can thus be achieved. The coefficient of expansion of the sprayed-on layers must be approximately as large as that of the substrate (maximum coefficient of expansion difference of 0.7 · 10 ^-6 K ^-1 ).

Claims (9)

1. Process for the production of colored flat glasses and for applying colored and colorless layers and decorations on flat glass, characterized in that layers are applied to flat glass by the flame spraying process. 2. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the glass to be coated has a temperature during the spraying process <= the softening temperature T _g . 3. The method according to items 1 and 2, characterized in that that the coating takes place partially or completely, at partial coating can be used to achieve decorative Effects stencils can be used. 4. The method according to items 1 to 3, characterized in that that the sprayed layers are glassy, partially crystalline or crystalline, white, colorless or colored, transparent, half can be opaque or opaque. 5. The method according to items 1 to 4, characterized in that that the layer thickness is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 mm lies. 6. The method according to items 1 to 5, characterized in that that by varying the layer thickness different color intensity is reached. 7. The method according to items 1 to 5, characterized in that that mixed colors and color transitions through multiple and overlapping spray application can be achieved. 8. The method according to items 1 and 2, characterized in that that the sprayed layer against the base glass one has so much lower coefficients of expansion that after  the cooling has a solidifying effect. 9. The method according to items 1 and 2, characterized in that that the sprayed layer is so much higher Expansion coefficient has that after cooling to Crackle effect is coming.