DE2355919A1 - SAFETY TANK FOR HYDROCARBONS AND HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS - Google Patents

Description

Ba 2637

Jacques VIPILLES, Neuilly / France

Safety tank for hydrocarbons and dangerous liquids

The invention relates to a safety tank for hydrocarbons and dangerous liquids, both for the independent-supply of the engine of a land, air or Watercraft, as well as for the storage and transport of liquids.

The attention of designers who are particularly concerned with the safety of all types of vehicles, has recently been drawn to a generalizing attempt on the use of resilient containers, namely those that have been around for a long time, especially at aviation.

In the last-mentioned area of application * one has resilient containers which are subject to considerable impact loads resist (fall resistance), to counter-. stood a development made; the corresponding specifications primarily provided for an attempt in free fall, which the container must withstand, with it completely with Liquid is filled.

In the same way, the International Sports Commission for Automobile Racing has _{enacted specifications with reference to the attached current FT 1} to FT _1. , The latter of which is also a free-fall attempt

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with the container or tank.

So it can be seen that all of these specifications relate to the general technology of synthetic Obtain fabrics that are coated with elastomers, which are resistant to hydrocarbons exhibit.

It will also be noted that the specifications in question in each new edition aim to reduce the inherent resistance of the textile Breakage, and thus against penetration, is reinforced.

Strangely enough, this has the result that the compliant containers described in this way tend to be rigid to become, which means that the main property of the elastomer material is no longer taken into account,

his
namely · -but natural elasticity.

The purpose of the E ¹ T , on the other hand, is to completely reverse this tendency by taking advantage of the considerable advantages that result directly from the inherent elasticity of elastomer materials.

This object is essentially achieved according to the invention solved in that the tank is made only of elastomeric film material of great extensibility, only for Receiving the liquid contains suitable resilient container which is tight against the outside atmosphere and Has attachment points so that its volume becomes zero when empty, and that the resilient container in one closed space is arranged, which is defined by at least two half-shells made of rigid material, which at their

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Circumference are joined together by a connecting means, which under the action of an impact or a predetermined Stress is yieldable.

The resilient container is in fact made on the basis of elastomeric material and is completely excluded made of textile supports such as whole rigid pieces. Such a container can mainly essentially be made of two calendered film sections made of elastomer material, which on their surfaces are arranged and joined together at their circumference by vulcanization.

In the rest position, this "container" has a capacity from zero to; but if you have a simple opening attaches, then it is possible to introduce a quantity of liquid into it. The container thus obtained can

corresponding '- -

- when deformed, but practically without stretching

- contain an amount of liquid that corresponds to the indicated volume. "

This nominal volume. Is, of course, all the more considerable, the larger the flat surface of one or the other calendered film section itself is, calculated from .the unmated surface of this assembly.

By using a mixture "*" for this production elects on the basis of elastomer, which opposes hydrocarbons is very resistant and has the characteristic of sufficient elongation at break, it is therefore possible introduce a volume of liquid into this container, the μηνθΓ £; ΐ6ΐοη11ο]: ι is greater than the nominal volume, where an increase in the assumed volume by the number of cubes the linear extensibility is possible.

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In practice, such a container, which is made essentially of mixtures and thereby according to the Vulcanization has an elongation at break, on the order of $ 700 as well as a nominal capacity of 20 1, over 800 before a break can occur. Tests have shown that such a container, previously up to has been filled to its nominal volume, in free fall without an additional system to slow down its In the event or without any protective measure, it can be thrown from any height without it burst. This shows that, if required, tremendous impact resistance of such a container is present, which of course with the same success of a crushing withstands, for example, caused by a wheel of an automobile, which over its surface moves.

On the other hand, it happens that such a design works surprisingly well for large-scale production Series is suitable. Indeed, one can see the two identical sections that are used to reach the container around its perimeter are put together, obtained by a simple cutting process with a punch or punch from a foil, which is of sufficient thickness and has been calendered or rolled out beforehand * The sufficiently described The joining and vulcanization of the two film sections can also be effortless after a number of times Operations are carried out; e.g. vulcanization in drying ovens, autoclaves or molding presses, in a vulcanizing or injection molding process.

It turns out that the investment for the tool equipment is practically on having a cutting tool great performance and corresponding accessories or

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on a tool »which is used for shaping or on the Addition of nozzles and the other required materials for fabrication are mostly parts of the usual equipment from Guimni manufacturers.

However, this is not the case with the resilient containers which are constructed in a very conventional manner and, above all, a textile support, which required special tooling, which presented considerable difficulties compared to large-scale production cause. This need mostly leads to the form of manufacturing equipment, which is also core, form or model, etc. Above all, this apparatus must have a certain rigidity (metal, wood, cardboard, expanded fabrics, foam rubber, etc.),. and during the removal process after vulcanization, its dismantling or partial or total destruction is inevitably required.

It is now well known that the presence of a splehen apparatus, at the same time a special Technology and special specific means necessary to achieve each container shape are a major obstacle represents for the production in large series,

In contrast, a manufacturer is by a container without any reinforcement, as he was after the before. procedure, freed from the dependency mentioned.

Such a completely resilient container thus provides a suitable solution to the problems that large-scale production and user safety; one will nevertheless counter, that it will be difficult to keep the container in this condition

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use to take up fuel, for example, as it is required for a land, air or water vehicle. ·

For this reason, in the present invention above all the mentioned container is combined with a surrounding rigid container, which itself consists of two almost identical ones Surface sections is formed, which are joined together at their edges are.

This results in exactly such a connection that give the assembly new and decisive characteristics for the safety of the vehicle.

If you look at the container made of elastomer material for itself, it is indeed an astonishing one Resistance to impact on; this also applies to the resistance to penetration, for which the applicable regulations require strict tests.

Therefore, the main advantage of the present invention lies precisely in the separation of the two terms _#.

The surrounding rigid container has the task of resisting the penetration of the flexible container, while the latter provides the required impact resistance due to its design and its deformability ensures what can be determined by the behavior of the arrangement in the event of a drop from a very great height.

In addition, the surrounding container still has the task of the appropriate size of the volume when using fuel by limiting the extensibility of the resilient container to a level of functional durability.

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Characterized in that in the embodiment of the invention, the interior of the flexible container is not with the is in communication with free air, neither air nor any gas can be introduced into this container, even not during the filling process, which is carried out in an airtight manner. This advantage is considerable in terms of dangers that exist during the filling operations.

The permeability to hydrocarbons of an elastomer container is at a constant temperature inversely proportional to the wall thickness. The compliant container according to the invention exhibits from this point of view already has a slight permeability when one of the

Density takes into account, especially when compared to its wall. Nevertheless, it is possible to make the effective permeability of this container practically zero, by preferably a film is placed on the inner surface, the a perfect or almost perfect airtightness and formed from a barrier material

- is.

Such films are very effective as long as they are not subjected to excessive tensile stress.

In practice, these films will crack when the elongation is greater than 3055. It is therefore important to determine that, under normal use, the container according to the invention never exceeds its nominal capacity is used and thus experiences practically no perceptible stretch.

On the other hand, in the event of a serious impact, and therefore at the moment when its essential elastic Properties are exploited, a tearing of the film

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appear. This also does not cause the Main component of the wall, i.e. the film section made of elastomer material, and that contained in the container This means that liquid cannot leak out. For another When using a vehicle involved in an accident, it is sufficient to completely or partially replace the device according to the invention.

According to a further feature of the invention is in the air or a gap present between the resilient container and the surrounding rigid container Gas, especially engine exhaust, can be introduced through which or by expelling the contained in the flexible container Liquid is caused if the surrounding rigid container is itself airtight. The supply of In this way, fuel to the engine can be practically brought about by the pressure of the engine.

According to further features of the invention, the openings for filling and emptying the container and their Connection elements on the container may be provided with means for automatic shut-off, which, as in the following to be described may be formed in various ways.

Taking into account the complete absence of one Connection of the vehicle with the filling opening, the possibility of separating the drain pipe from the flexible one Container when a certain stress occurs and also the lack of an attachment point with the surrounding rigid container, it follows that in the event of an impact the Container is not exposed to local pressure.

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These automatic shut-off devices are intended to close the drain line or drain lines, if, for example, they are pulled out of the flexible or rigid pipe that is used for the Supply of the motor or motors is intended; in addition, a permanent shut-off of the filling opening should be achieved will.

In general, caution is exercised in constructing the presently known compliant containers. measures to introduce foam with open cells to have an anti-knock effect on the carbonaceous Mixtures and to achieve an anti-ballast effect that tends to shift towards the center of gravity c'er arrangement and thus the vehicle oppose.

The use of such a foam is not required in the container according to the invention, since it is through its execution itself contains practically no gaseous phase and since it also has the clear tendency, to oppose movement of the liquid; this is transferred to his wall as a whole, which is the effective Corresponds to the volume of liquid contained in the surrounding space.

It should be noted that the present invention with greater advantage than the conventional tanks for installation in vehicles or on their structure and that consequently their use can be thought through with great adaptability in the design of the vehicle.

In particular, it is possible to use elements that already exist in the design of the vehicle in order to advantageously either one of the half-shells or

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to replace both half-shells at the same time.

It will be noted, however, that the previous embodiments allow containers with a to produce considerably larger capacity and, for example, to integrate it into the structure of a vehicle or not intended for the transport of dangerous liquids.

The tank with which such a vehicle is equipped is then made up of at least two half-shells (half-shells) with its manufacturing cost compared to current constructions using reinforced plastic are reduced because press molding becomes possible.

It follows that the cost of the inner container made of elastomeric material is low; you get a much safer composite design for a reduced price.

Another exemplary embodiment results from a storage container or storage container, which is primarily used for receiving of fuel is intended for the supply of a heating system. It is found that with such an application the tank according to the invention contains its own safety trough and that it is easily brought into the storage location without the need for a special installation structure; there is also the fuel does not risk that it contains condensation water.

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In the following the invention is based on the drawing explained in detail. Show it

Fig. 1 is a sectional view through a with liquid filled safety tank of the invention;

FIg. 2 an identical view of the empty tank;

3 shows a sectional view through an exemplary embodiment of the filling pipe;

Flg. ¹ I is a sectional view of a drain pipe

its installation in the drain line of the container;

FIg. 5 shows a further sectional view of the drain pipe When installed;

6 shows a sectional view with the drain pipe underneath Mounting in the rigid container;

FIg. Figure 7 is a perspective view of a valve flap including deformable discs;

Figure 8 _o ■ a sectional view of another variant of the embodiment according to the invention with a self-sealing outlet and a co-ordination of the flexible container with the lower half-shell;

Flg. 9 is a perspective view of a valve flap from FIG Elastomer material of the so-called »" duck rope "type;

Figo 10 is a sectional view of a further Ausfüfarungs-

shape of the flexible container _a which 'has a valve flap made of elastomer material, which is molded in the level of the connecting plane of the container parts ο

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In Figs. 1 and 2, a safety container or v Figure 3 illustrates a safety tank containing a resilient container defined by two sheet-like film sections la, Ib is made of elastic material, which are superimposed and in their zones 2, which at their Limit the scope, are joined together by vulcanization. This resilient container that holds liquid 7 is located in a closed space 3 »which consists of at least two half-shells (molds) 2a, 2b made of rigid or semi-rigid material (especially deep-drawn Sheet metal or composite material) is formed, which are joined together at their circumference at 4 by a connecting means capable of yielding under the effect of an impact or a predetermined load.

The connecting means of the half-shells 2a, 2b can in particular by a fusible material or by a Row of brackets 20 (see. Fig. 1a) be formed, which are supported on the outer surfaces of their edges, a seal (inserted or not) may be arranged between these.

It should be noted that the type of connection after the Function of the desired application is selected, especially in the case where at least one of the half-shells is formed by part of the structure itself, which is characterized by the other functions.

In particular, this connection can be airtight or not, especially when used in the open air with the desire for a rigid room wall.

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The resilient container 1 contains a film on its inside which is tight and covered by a barrier material is formed.

A filling pipe 5 and a drain pipe 6, which leads to the engine, are connected to the flexible container 1.

The tube 5 is attached to the upper film section la, with a valve-like flap 11, which is arranged at the opening 8, while the tube 6 from the lower Foil section Ib is derived.

The filling pipe 5 is free of any other attachment point, which is to be understood that in the Half-shell 2a an adapted opening is provided.

Likewise, the idle or drain line 6 is sufficient Resistant, so that in the event of an impact it does not split, but rather separates as a whole from the flexible container will.

The tank can be firmly connected to the structure of the vehicle through the half-shell 2b, which is fixed Connection is provided primarily at the level of the drain opening or the drain openings (see at 9).

It goes without saying that in order to avoid any localized tension in the level of the yielding This container is expediently firmly connected neither to one nor to the other half-shell, with With the exception of an automatic shut-off device which is located at the level of the drain opening and is able to disengage under a predetermined load.

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For the evacuation of the liquid 7, air or any gas can be introduced into the intermediate space 10, which is provided between the flexible container 1 and its rigid enclosure 2.

The means for measuring the liquid are attached to the outside of the flexible container 1. In particular can do this based on a measurement of the distance between the top of the surrounding space and the The top of the resilient container.

In Fig. 3 is an embodiment in particular of the filling pipe 5 is illustrated, which at its mouth Contains end 12, which is turned inward and vulcanized, so that an automatically locking spiral 13 is formed is. With the opening of the filler pipe formed in this way, the fuel filler pistol must be inserted into the end 12 be introduced, so that a roll apart of the spiral 13 caused and the connection between the pistol and the inside of the tube is made. When the pistol is withdrawn, the spiral 13 resumes its shape and blocks the said pipe.

It is just as well possible to use a filling or drainage pipe that contains an elastomer non-return valve of the so-called ^II duckbill ^M -type, which is mainly used in independent wetsuits when diving underwater.

In the Flg. 4, 5 and 6 are mounting versions of the Tube 6 illustrated for draining from the resilient container.

At the foil section ib Is by some known Means a shaped piece 14 formed in the manner of a shaft and made of elastic material, which is a self-

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shut-off tube 15 and the end of which is vulcanized, being rolled flat so that it forms a spiral 16 which ensures a shut-off when rolled, as illustrated in Fig. k.

When the end 17 of the drain line 6 in the pipe 15 is inserted, the coil 16 is caused to unroll, creating a connection therebetween Line and the interior of the resilient container 1 is made. The end 17 of the line 6 is with a Stop ring 18 is provided.

On the half-shell 2b, a receiving space 19 is provided in the manufacture of this half-shell, in which the molded piece I ^ is used when assembling the arrangement.

In Fig. 7, a flap is illustrated, which is formed by two superimposed discs 21 and 22, which are made of elastomer material and joined together at their periphery. One disk 21 has a central hole 23 and the other disk 22 has circumferential recesses 2k . The disk 21 is vulcanized or glued to the inside of the flexible container in such a way that the central hole is covered with an opening which is correspondingly made in the wall of this flexible container.

As a result, the liquid can penetrate into the container through the central hole 23 and through the deformation of the disk 22, whereby it can run out through the circumferential recesses 2h . If, on the other hand, the liquid contained in the container exerts pressure on the disk-22, it blocks the central hole 23 and prevents the liquid contained in the container from leaking out.

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In order to cause the liquid contained in the container to be emptied, it is sufficient to have an extension piece from the outside to be inserted into the hole 23 with a suitable shape so that the discs 21 and 22 are kept away from each other, thereby allowing the liquid to pass through the circumferential recesses 24 and through the central hole 23.

Fig. 8 illustrates a variant of the emptying device, in which one in the shaft recess 14 a Has built a flap of the type illustrated in FIG.

The extension piece 17 of the drain line 6 is in this Be sure to have a double function:

On the one hand, it keeps the flap 21, 22 open and allows liquid to be emptied through the openings 25, which are provided in the attachment 17;

On the other hand, the shaft recess I ¹ I and the resilient container 1 associated therewith cannot eject the rigid pieces 17 and 19 by making them with a deformable flange or bead. 26 press the shaft recess 14 (made of elastomer material) transversely to an opening which is provided in the receptacle 19 in a somewhat narrowed manner. A ring 27 firmly connected to the pipe or extension piece 17 can limit the penetration of this extension piece up to a suitable length.

Bine removal face clamp 28 on the other hand prevents the pipe extension piece 17 from slipping out of the bore of the shaft 14 .

The dismantling of only the clamp 28 thus allows the extension piece 17 to be removed; it is therefore possible to remove the bead 26 from the recess provided in the receptacle 19 or, conversely, to introduce it there.

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In Flg. Fig. 9 illustrates a tube 29, one end 30 of which is flattened, which has a widened shape is vulcanized and has two lateral slits 31, 31a to form a so-called "duck bill" system, which is well known and used in self-contained wetsuits ..

It should be noted that some fluid is introduced through the tube 29 and then through the lateral slots 31, 31a can run, which open under the pressure of the fluid. Tend against it these slots in the absence of fluid flow to close again in the sense explained above; a leakage of the fluid in the opposite sense can not.

Fig. 10 illustrates a section through a compliant Container 1, which is designed according to the invention and contains a filling tube 29 of the type shown in FIG. This tube is molded in a level specified in the verb indung level of the upper film section of the container with the lower film section of this container lies. The flexibility of this in the form of the "duck's bill" and tube so arranged, of course, does not allow the container to pass through any in this figure to empty the opening shown, with the upper film section la comes to rest against the lower film section Ib without damage or difficulty.

In addition to the embodiments described, Im Further variants are of course also possible within the scope of the invention.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1. ^ Safety tank for hydrocarbons and dangerous ^ * - ^ liquids, characterized that the tank is made of an elastomeric film material that is highly extensible, only contains a flexible container suitable for receiving the liquid, which is exposed to the outside atmosphere is dense and has points of attachment so that its volume becomes zero when empty, and that the resilient container is arranged in a closed space which is defined by at least two half-shells made of rigid material which are attached to their scope joined together by a connecting means that are yieldable under the action of an impact or a predetermined load. 2. Safety tank according to claim 1, characterized in that » that only one of the rigid half-shells is connected to the vehicle body or is formed in one piece therewith is. 3. Safety tank according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the only existing connection points between the flexible container and the surrounding rigid container are at the level of the various openings which have a plug-in connection that can be uncoupled under a predetermined load and an internal system for automatic shut-off , which can be actuated precisely by uncoupling the filling or emptying nozzle. 409821/0364 Safety tank according to claims 1 and 3 _{S 8} characterized in that the various openings are fitted with automatic shut-off valves which are made of a Elastomsrmaterial throughout and einsig and perfect alone or in part Ine © © oriented deformation act / Safety tank according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the connecting means - either to the perfect sealing or not - is formed between the two half-shells by a © series of clamps, or by a continuous profile ₉ which applies a uniform voltage * Sleherheltstank characterized by Ansprueh I ₉ that the flexible container on its inner superficiality © @ In®n film has _0, 1st of the equipped with a specific density and- characterized by a low resistance to Zugbeanspruehung. Sicherheitstaak according to claim I _{0 D} characterized in that in the existing between IEM flexible container and rigid container ä®m umgebeiiö®ia clipboard © sweetness AuIn air © In gas _s -before all © " _'s engine exhaust ■ © iiafühs odep? Bax · · 1st ₈ by the or _o by the drifting in of the liquid in the aaeh ° g-lively container @ ntfoalt © n @ Ki, so @ ra d © s? .. UEg © b © nde. rigid containers in turn air dl ent ... ■ 8. Safety tank according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the for receiving the filling pistol or of the organ connected to the filling device with a deformable end of the filling tube Piece of elastomeric material is provided so that a tight coupling between the mentioned Pistol or the mentioned organ and the filling tube can be brought about. 9. Safety tank according to claims 1 and h, characterized in that the filling pipe is connected exclusively to the flexible container, in particular by molding in the level of the connecting plane between its upper and lower film section, and at its end intended for receiving "the 'filling pistol contains a vulcanized spiral which can be rolled up flat and rolled back inside the tube to form a tight and self-locking filling system. 10. Safety tank according to claim 1, characterized in that that at the lower part of the resilient container a formed in the form of a shaft recess, made of elastomer material manufactured fitting is attached, which comprises a tube, the inner end of which is rolled in the form of a flat Vulcanized spiral formed and into which the end of a filling pipe or a drain pipe can be inserted is. 11. Safety tank according to claims 1 and 10, characterized in that that the lower half-shell contains one or more recordings formed during manufacture into which the piece or pieces of elastomer material can be used, the or the Schachtvertiefühgen for the Form inlet and outlet. 409821/0364 12. Safety tank according to claim 1, characterized in that a measuring device on the outside of the resilient Container is provided. 13 · Safety tank according to claims 1 to 12, thereby characterized in that the tank for an independent supply of the engine from a land, air or Watercraft is intended. lh. Safety tank according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the tank is intended for the storage and transport of the liquid by land, air or water. 409821/0364 Blank page