DE1667323C3 - Device for carrying out exothermic catalytic gas reactions for the synthesis of ammonia and methanol - Google Patents

Description

catalyzer layer is arranged in an annular space, mixture of cold g "™ ^^ * ™ *** which is formed by the inhalation jacket (6) - generally the night. That the content of the and the guide tube (17), which is shorter than the reacted gas to synthesis end product sark total length of the two heat exchangers, which is diluted. On the other hand, _S ,, _ π Jachtel. Diameter of the guide tube (17) is greater than *> that the heat lance is unfavorable, st, because cold, Fr .sc the diameter of the heat exchanger shells, since gas or slightly preheated resemer * must be returned, with a free space (16) between them in order to maintain regularity, and therefore, the two heat exchangers on the shell side with an equivalent amount of heat of the reacted gas between them and centrally located - used to the final cooler medium, for example, cooled connecting pipe (10) are coupled, which must be delivered with fresh water.
diale extension of the upper tube base plate The furnace pens with built-in heat exchangers

(26) of the upper heat exchanger and the radial in the previous evidence between the layers extending the lower tubesheet plate (26) generally have the night. that it complicates the heat exchangers and difficult to change devices compared to the insert jacket! seal, and 30-term and sealing difficulties with the large partition plate (27) between the connection, temperature differences and pressure differences between the pipe (W) and the zvIi; Irish guiding scope occur.

(17X creating a free connection between the filling and draining devices

The pipe outlet of the first heat exchanger and the single catalyst must go through the heat exchanger on the inlet side the middle catalyst position and between 35 leads. Converter types with heat exchangers see the exit side of the central catalyst layer between the catalyst layers such as e.g. according to and pipe inlet side of the second heat exchanger, German patent specification 1 142 386, have further is created. the disadvantage that with large converter units,

i.e. the large diameter of the converter, the

40 exchanger a thermodynamically unfavorable flow

get knife's length ratio. Otherwise

the insert sleeve would have to be retracted. wa>

Means loss of expensive high pressure space.

The well-known construction solutions for heat exchangers between the catalyst layers are closer

The catalytic high-pressure synthesis to Erzeu- continues to have the disadvantage that it is a technical one The supply of ammonia and methanol is an exolheral limit which is caused by it. that bc mer process. Efforts have always been made to provide these pro-converters with a large inner diameter, - m unc zeß to run at such temperatures. more, the closure (lid) the whole diameter the thermal conditions to optimal react 50 scr must shut off. otherwise the use with the tion., d. H. lead to optimal sales. The Einhai heat exchangers or the heat exchangers all Depending on the most favorable reaction temperatures, they cannot be installed or removed and the cover si layer by cooling which becomes difficult and unwieldy during the reaction due to the high strength of the reaction gases. Since the fresh gas operating pressure that he zi only with great effort with a temperature of over 300 "C to the 1. 55 is handle.

Catalyst layer must be given. is breathing devices according to the German patent specification

strives to supply the fresh gas with the hot RcaktionsÜas 1 217 934 with an insert that, in sections: to heat up. "Catalyst-filled tubes that open from

The cooling can now either take place in such a way that heating gas is flushed around, are thermodyna that the reaction proceeds almost isothermally, as it is difficult to control at 60, working at too high a Kata Catalyst tube ovens or full-space ovens with cooling lyser temperatures and are constructive and functional snakes in the catalyst mass is the case. or instinctively very complicated. In the narrow catalyst so that the cooling occurs gradually after each filled tube due to the shape of the Ka Catalyst shots occur in the entire catalyst often cavities, which are too uneven lysatorstoff is divided. The cooling agent used is thus the catalyst space velocity and thus the solid burning egg probably lead fresh gas from the synthesis cycle as well as the catalyst. With large diameters any other heat transfer medium, such as the catalyst space, is due to the radial! e.g. water. If by means of cold ode; · kälicrcni gas flow around the baffle plates the katalysa

3 4

gate-filled pipe is bound to different degrees of cooling depending on the diameter of the converter. Known to their location in the cross section of the converter. There are certain operating modes in a heat exchanger. This device has the disadvantage that its movements between gas velocities in the raw parts cannot be individually installed and removed and the gap widths between the tubes fill and a vessel cover is required to maintain vol- 5 optimal heat exchange,
len diameter of the vessel. The inventive simple compact «

The object of the present invention is to save expensive high-pressure space, the reasons for finding a new reactor construction would be wasted if the insert bushing in the constructions with intermediate walls known so far due to the disadvantages of the known constructions are overcome. _{10 me} exchangers would have to be drawn in.

! Thus the invention relates to a device. The device according to the invention allows further-

device to carry out exothermic catalytic towards the installation of optimal heat exchangers between Oase reactions for the ammonia and methanol the catalyst layers in converters with large Synthesis, which is characterized by the fact that two diameters of 2 m and more are avoided Oas / gas heat exchangers one above the other and centrally in 15 of the above-mentioned difficulties. The closure the middle catalyst layer are arranged. can be fed to a diameter that because the middle catalyst layer in a ring allows a known easy-to-use one Space is arranged, which is formed by using the lid. This makes it possible to go through Attachment jacket and the guide tube, which is shorter. Shorten assembly times for optimal operation the total length of the two heat exchangers, the 20 duration to arrive.

The diameter of the guide tube is larger than the through- Embodiments of the invention are in the

Knife of the heat exchanger maniel. thus a free Fig. 1 to 4 shown. The structure of the device Leaving the space between these, ie the two wars, is based on the example of their process-engineering interchangers on the shell side by a kweise between them.

and a centrally arranged connection pipe coupled 25 FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical high-pressure reactor are the radial extension of the upper tubular hole at the end heat exchangers and two double plates the upper heat exchanger and the radial interchangeable heat exchangers; in

The lower tube sheet of the lower part of the Fig. 2 is the terminal heat exchanger.

Ren heat exchanger, the heat exchanger arranged opposite half of the high-pressure reactor;
3 shows a flaschenformigcn high-pressure space between the connecting pipe and the cylinder actuator with retracted closure with also a drical guide pipe, whereby a free connection between a terminal heat exchanger and two intermediate pipe outlet sides of the first heat exchanger heat exchangers: in

Schers and Eintnttsscite of the middle catalyst- Fig. 4 is the terminal heat exchanger outside of

scnicnt and arranged between the outlet side of the middle channel of the high pressure reactor,
catalyst layer and pipe inlet side of the second The advantages mentioned are in the high pressure

VN armetauschers is created. reactors achieved that either at one

r h ^after 8 ^{end on the basis of the} illustration executing end of the furnace at 4 applied fresh gas is still borrowed described device according to the invention is cold (Fig. 1) and a through the printing maiitel 1. leads once to optimal heat exchange in the 40 2, 3 and the ammonia converter enclosing the catalyst canister, since the heat exchangers are formed with an operating jacket 6 and are known per se known gas velocities can be designed, flows through to the main heat exchanger 7 or (Fig. 2) others it brings about structural simplification 45 already in the external main heat exchanger from heat exchangers in catalyst-heated fresh gas at the lower end 4 layers and simplified operational handling and the hot gas flows upwards in one of the furnace.nsatz.es or the heat exchanger. ZcntrnlmhrS in the lowest catalyst layer,

Above all, due to the fact that it passes through the heat exchanger 9, the outer diameter of the intermediate heat half of the last catalyst layer 21 and in the center is achieved because the intermediate heat exchange of the middle catalyst layer 18 is arranged. and the catalyst layers are no longer necessarily where it occurs in heat exchange with the reaction cas cmc are, but separately in the converter from the mutated catalyst layer. Can be installed and removed in the shortest possible time. In the event of a switch through the connecting pipe 10, the gas heated at the intermediate heating cylinder or at the catalytic converter 11 passes through the heat exchanger 11, which can also be entered centrally from the converter the middle catalyst layer 18 Toggle U "I Γ '·' ^{a, USSC} L ^{dcr, erstcn Scliicl"} die at a rated as is. In the heat exchanger 11 which is on taking out the Zwisclicnwärmclauschcrs also to the Ainnringtemperatur the erstcn catalyst en m ^Cl \ ^IS 'Γ * i ^{Cme Ufflsländlichcn} catalytic converters schichi be heated gas in Wärmdausch with the "rhP, 1 ■ T,' ^Le _f ^{ere 'nb} ₁ ^{au' dlIrch} the heat exchangers ^cn 6 ° reaction gas from the erstcn catalyst layer 14 shear therethrough required. heated The heated fresh gas then flows

- "i ^invent ""according to the installation of the war- through the central tube 12 in the harvest catalyst-S, r · ι, μ? ι! ^Π »! ^{C mitIlcrC KatnI} ysatorschicht layer upwards and arrives after reversal of the Zim.i? λκ ^mC ^ ^{USchcrmitcIcnjcsvciIs} flow direction onto the first catalyst layer

Tnnl f ^dimensions , ie the best heat transfer 6 ₅ 14. It now flows through this layer first, becomes Pen ™ T \ ^and " ⁱⁿ * ^c . Most local pipe dimensions reaction gas and then passes through the Kf ^{cg WCrden k} ""ncn ^ The diameter of the heat exchanger 11 and, again reversing, in the rs is more inevitably blows to the chamber 15 through the through da, I citmhr 17 m-bil-

clctcn annular space 16 on the middle catalyst layer 18. This is due to the further exothermic reaction heated reaction gas leaves the catalyst layer below, flows through the annular space 19 and is through the Umlcnkkammcr 20 passed through the tubes of the heat exchanger 9. The radial extension of the upper tube sheet plate 26 of the upper heat exchanger 11 and the radial extension of the lower Rohrbodenplattc 26 of the lower Heat exchanger 9 seal the heat exchangers with respect to the insert jacket 6. The partition 27 seals the connecting pipe 10 against the Leilrohr 17, whereby the reaction gas from the Heat exchanger 11 into the annular space 16 and the reaction gas from the annular space 19 into the heat exchanger 9 is directed. After passing through this heat exchanger, the reaction gas flows through the last one Kalalysatorschicht 21 and then the terminal one

Main heat exchanger 7, in order to then switch to the Synlhcsekonvcrtcr leave at 22.

In the case of FIG. 3, the reaction gas flows through of the last catalyst layer 21, the annular space 28 on the heat exchanger 7, then around it from above to happen downstairs. The terminal heat exchanger can also be arranged outside the converter being.

In Fig. I to 4 under 13 is an electrical Hcizeinrichtung arranged in a known manner.

The heating of the converter, i.e. H. if there is still no heat of reaction, aucli take place outside the converter, and the gas can be supplied through the bore 4 (Fig. 2).

The device according to the invention allows it from the Konvcrtcrdcckcl or -boden by additional Pipes 23, 24, 25 to add cold fresh gas to reduce temperature peaks.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (1)

':> Fresh gas is cooled, the fresh gas can be used once . , iirefct ytiBeseben, or in heat exchangers . Claim: Sk? «Are used for a different type of coolant > Device for carrying out exothermic. Always direct exchange of currents in built-in catalytic gas reactions for the ammonia 5 Wämemuschem appliedUeL _ and methanol synthesis, essentially the best. There are many known before Oiemypro starting from a high pressure jacket (2) and one of the above requirements, bs .st Einatemantel (6), known at least three on top of each other, the κ. the arranged catalyst layers and two gas gene with each other / -. «Ζ .. ι: * π_ι u :: l_l" _. "" Tl.öll <n ritlimi "using MlS lyatorlagn and z