DE1542208A1 - Pressure vessel for carrying out chemical reactions - Google Patents

Description

Description but patent application by fire * BlPiärIAL CHSMlOAL INDU3TRXB3 MD., London SWl / England

concerning" "Pressure vessel & ß» for carrying out ohenic reactions *

The priorities το »April 8, 1964 and March 23, 1965 in England are claimed.

The invention relates to a pressure vessel for carrying out any reactions, in particular syntheses, with a 8ohuts for the wall against high temperatures.

A Druok vessel is used with a therslaoh senior Druekaantel geaohaffen, an ohemleoh wideratands » capable, thermally insulating outer clothing in coat and a direction but cooling de »Druokaantela.

Pressure vessel iat particularly useful "for Durohffihrung oheaiaoher syntheses at medium or high temperatures, for example from 150 bia 600 ⁰ O, and at high pressures, for example 50 to 500 atmospheres. It is particularly suitable for those processes, such as aaionia synthesis or methanol synth ·· «, in which the reaction components, fiber and oxygen or carbon oxide, erosion or corrosion of the metal. under the normally used pressures and temperatures.

009813/1375

It has already been suggested that such an embrittlement or to avoid corrosion in pressure vessels for chemical reactions by keeping the gases that come into contact with the inner surface of the pressure jacket β cold, for example the reaction gases, before they are exchanged through heat have been heated with the product gases, such 'pressure vessels are, however, complicated and expensive, compared with pressure vessels according to the invention

The thermally conductive pressure jacket can for example consist of steel, in particular ferritic steel, the one may contain low content of alloying elements, for example chromium. The chemically resistant, thermally insulating lining is preferably a dense refractory concrete rather than an insulating concrete. Its suitable Hydraulic cement mix is molten cement with calcined kaolin. If desired, the lining can contain reinforcing elements. As is common practice in the manufacture of refractory linings, the adhesion of the Lining can be increased by anchoring means attached to the pressure vessel. The chemically resistant, Thermally insulating lining in the pressure jacket can consist of preformed units, but is preferably on Poured on the spot from, for example, a wet mixture. Many refractory concretes can be used in them but should of course be selected according to the type of chemical substances with which they come into contact during use of the pressure vessel. So should impurities such as sulfur or carbon, which can lead to catalyst poisoning, or bis-oxides, which can result the synthetic gas components have been reduced, are essentially absent. If desired, the lining can have a coating made of a material that can withstand abrasion Can withstand catalyst parts better than the main insulating material. By using a device according to the invention

0 0 9 8 13/1375 bad

faßes it becomes possible the difficulty of manufacture and avoid the failure and leakage risks that arise, if a complete further lining, for example a metal reinforcement within the insulating lining is provided.

The insulating lining considerably reduces the heat transfer from the reaction mixture to the pressure vessel, but it is desirable to also provide a device for cooling the pressure jacket. Such cooling limits the amount to which the jacket can be heated by conduction through the liner or by accidental leakage of hot gases through the liner or along the outside thereof. This also limits the expansion of the pressure jacket, thereby improving the effectiveness with which it supports the insulating lining so that there is no space between the lining and the pressure jacket for hot gas to flow around the catalyst. This cooling is preferably effected in that the pressure jacket is enclosed in a further jacket and a suitable coolant is circulated through the jacket. Suitable coolants are carbon dioxide gas, water, oil and heat transfer agents such as a mixture of diphenyl diphenyl ethers, such as those sold, for example, under the registered trademark IHSRHEX. Preferably this cooling is sufficient to keep the ambient temperature of the pressure shell to a maximum of about 10O ⁰ C. If water is used, suitable precautions should be taken to prevent corrosion and contamination of the outside of the pressure jacket: In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure vessel is cooled with water that has been treated to prevent corrosion and contamination, such as keeselspot water .

The pressure vessel according to the invention for carrying out chemical Reactions is particularly advantageous when the catalyst

0098 13/1375

BAO

volume is 15 obm or more, for example 50-60 obm. Such large vessels are particularly needed for factories, where they are under pressure in the lower, for ammonia production practically usable range are operated, for example 100 to 200 atmospheres, or for methanol production, for example 50 to 120 atmospheres. It is clear that internal heat exchangers are used to cool the inner walls of such Vessels must be expensive, especially when a deodorant cap full width is required.

A preferred Aueführungeform the invention, which is useful as a converter for ammonia synthesis is shown in longitudinal section in Figure 1 of the drawing _β The interior 10 of the vessel is filled with a granular, not shown, catalyst, and also includes means for temperature regulation. apart from the temperature control devices, the catalyst fills the vessel and is in contact with the thermally insulating lining 12, which is made of insulating or dense refractory cement based on fused cement, such as that sold under the registered trademark SECAR. This liner was cast in place as a wet mix. The pressure jacket 14 is made of a ferrite steel with a low ear content. The outer jacket 16 contains boiler feed water which is let in through the opening 18 and drained through the opening 20. The reaction gases are introduced into the vessel at 22 and exit at 24.

A second preferred embodiment of the invention, the is also suitable as a converter for ammonia synthesis, is shown la longitudinal section in Fig. 2 of the drawing. This converter uses an axial heat exchanger and chillers for temperature control. Of the Main part 10 of the interior of the vessel is filled with a granular catalyst, not shown, which

SAO 009813/1375

(3 inch)

. Fills the cut space between the 7.5 cm / thick insulating liner 12 and the tube 26 surrounding the axial heat exchanger 28. The lining is made of refractory Concrete consisting of molten cement, as sold under the registered trademark SBCAR with calcined » temp kaolin ale surcharge. This lining was made from a damp mixture is poured in place and is connected to the pressure vessel with V-shaped anchors (not shown) anchored. The Druok jacket 14 consists of a ferritic steel with a low chromium content and is Enclosed jacket 16, the boiler feed water contains the fed at 18 atmospheres and vented at 20 atmospheres. The vessel lid 30, which is not quite the full The width detected has a protective biook 32 on the inside made of refractory concrete. The lid is held in place with pegs at 34 and a seal is maintained at 36. The lid has a central opening for provide the coaxial main Gaa inlet and outlet, and with openings 38 for the quench gas inlet tubes 40. Dais Abaobreekgas is introduced with spray heads 44. Of the upper spray head is 0-shaped, the lower one is ring-shaped.

The arrows indicate the direction of the gas flow in the vessel ( Fig. 2. Cold "* or warn" Gee enters through the outer coaxial Seatral main line 22 a ttBd »flows to the side of the vessel of the heat exchanger 28, whereby it is guided by baffle walls 46. Ss then runs through the ring-shaped one Cross-section around the heat exchanger {serum and enters tBwnr the top of the latalreetor bed. If that is the result of the Catalyst flows down, the reaction occurs and the temperature increases, but is controlled by that cold or warm ChM is sugeaisched by the Spray head 44 occurs. The gas then flows upwards through the pipe part of the heat exchanger 28 where there is heat releases the inflowing cooling gas, and then leaves the vessel through the lukewarm coaxial central main line 24

009813/1375. Bad original

During the implementation of the ammonia synthesis prozease in a vessel according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, this is typically filled with the gaseous reaction mixture under a pressure of 100 to 300 atmospheres. The temperature of the Reaktioneteilnehmer entering the catalyst bed, is typically at 380 - 45O ⁰ C, and the product after the heat exchange is typically at 20O ⁰ C. The quenching can be cool, ie, a temperature of less than 10O ⁰ C have , for example 15 - 3O ⁰ C, or warm, ie, greater than 10O ⁰ C have, for example, 150 - 25O ⁰ C. When using an insulating lining of 7.5 cm (3 inches) thick, the temperature on the inside of the pressure vessel typically at 12O ⁰ C. when a suitable circulation rate of the temperature can Keseelspeisewassers on the outer surface of the pressure vessel typischerweiee be maintained at 10O ⁰ C. At such a temperature, the pressure jacket is essentially immune to embrittlement from reaction gases which come into contact with it.

009813/1375

Claims (4)

Claims 1. Pressure vessel for carrying out chemical reactions, in particular syntheses, with a thermally conductive pressure jacket, a chemically resistant, thermally conductive, insulating lining in the jacket, preferably a dense, refractory concrete, and devices for cooling the pressure jacket, preferably a water jacket, with which the Outside of the pressure jacket is preferably kept below 12O ⁰ O. 2. Pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the Katalyeatorraum in the jacket has a volume of at least 15 obm has. 3. Get iß according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compressive strength is in the range of 100-200 atmospheres. 4. Use of a pressure vessel according to one of the preceding Addresses to ammonia or methanol synthesis. A. !, WO.H. HNCKE, DIPL-WG. (Arl7ITW * .SNrASatz3 * wXnd «n« ie "t« -v.4.9- 009813/1375 bathroom ORIGINAL