DE102021116452A1 - DESIGN OF A NESTED RESOURCE UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

A circuit can determine that a message containing a frame should be transmitted. The circuit can also determine a size of a plurality of resource units (RUs) for the frame. In addition, the circuit can generate the message containing the frame and the plurality of RUs. Furthermore, the circuit can transmit the message comprising the frame.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Note No. 63/064,295 , filed August 11, 2020.

TECHNICAL AREA

This disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for wireless communications, and more particularly to nested resource unit (RU) design.

BACKGROUND

Wireless devices are proliferating and increasingly demanding access to wireless channels. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is developing one or more standards that use Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in channel allocation.

character list

• 1 10 is a network diagram depicting an example network environment for nested RUs, in accordance with one or more example aspects of the present disclosure.
• 2 10 shows a schematic diagram for nested RUs according to one or more examples of the present disclosure.
• 3 10 shows a flow diagram of an illustrative process for an illustrative nested RU system, in accordance with one or more example aspects of the present disclosure.
• 4 12 shows a functional diagram of an example communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example aspects of the present disclosure.
• 5 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine on which one or more techniques (eg, methods) may be performed in accordance with one or more example aspects of the present disclosure.
• 6 12 is a block diagram of a radio architecture, according to some examples.
• 7 FIG. 12 shows exemplary front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG 6 according to one or more exemplary aspects of the present disclosure.
• 8th illustrates an example radio IC circuit for use in the radio architecture of FIG 6 , according to one or more example aspects of the present disclosure.
• 9 FIG. 12 shows exemplary baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG 6 , according to one or more example aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and drawings illustrate aspects with sufficient specificity to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other aspects may include structural, logical, electrical, procedural, algorithmic, and other changes. Portions and features of some Aspects may be included in or superseded by other Aspects. Aspects set forth in the claims include all available equivalents of those claims.

In this disclosure further details are proposed about the design of the nested RU (iRU) in 11be. The protocol has not yet been discussed for extreme high throughput (EHT).

The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and apparatus for nested RU design.

A nested RU system can reduce iRU size and include 106, 242, 484 tone RUs.

An interleaved RU system can distribute the iRUs at 80 megahertz (MHz) or 160 MHz.

A nested EVU system can facilitate a scheme for mapping iRUs to tones.

The above descriptions are provided for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting. There are numerous other examples, configurations, methods, algorithms, etc., some of which are described in more detail below. Exemplary aspects will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures.

1 12 is a network diagram depicting an example network environment of nested RUs, in accordance with some example aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and one or more access points (AP) 102 capable of communicating according to IEEE 802.11 communication standards. The user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (eg, do not have fixed locations), or they may be stationary devices.

The user devices 120 and the AP 102 may include one or more computer systems corresponding to the functional diagram of FIG 4 and/or the example machine/system of 5 correspond.

One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be operated by one or more user(s) 110. Note that any addressable entity can be a station (STA). A STA can have several different characteristics, each of which determines its function. For example, a single addressable entity can simultaneously be a portable STA, a Quality of Service (QoS) station, a slave STA, and a hidden STA. The illustrated UE(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 may be STAs. The illustrative user equipment(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may operate as a basic personal service set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP). User device(s) 120 (eg, 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP(s) 102 may comprise any suitable processor-controlled device, including but not limited to a mobile device or non-mobile, eg, a stationary device. For example, user equipment(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be a user equipment (UE), station (STA), access point (AP), software enabled AP (SoftAP), personal computer (PC), portable wireless Device (eg, bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.) a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an UltrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a Handheld computer, handheld device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, sensor device, PDA device, handheld PDA device, on-board device, off-board Device, a hybrid device (e.g., a hybrid device (e.g., a combination of cellular phone and PDA device capabilities), a consumer device, a vehicle device, a non-vehicle device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device , a cellular phone, a cellular phone, a PCS device, a PDA device incorporating a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GP S device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a carry small live large device (CSLL), an ultra mobile device (UMD), an ultra mobile PC (UMPC), a mobile Internet device (MID), an "origami" device or computing device, a device supporting dynamically composable computing (DCC), a contextual device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a set-top box ( STB), a Blu-ray Disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a digital video disc (DVD) player, a high definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD -DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), an HD broadcast receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast receiver, a flat panel display, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera ( DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a game device, a data source, a data ensenke, a digital still camera (DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player or the like. Other devices including smart devices such as lamps, air conditioners, car components, household components, appliances, etc. can also be included in this list.

The term "Internet of Things (IoT) device" refers to any object (e.g., a device, sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID ), a Near Field Communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and information about a wired tethered or wireless connection to one or more other devices. An IoT device can have a passive communication interface, eg a quick response code (QR code), a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag or similar, or an active communication interface, eg a modem , a transceiver, a transceiver or the like. An IoT device may exhibit a specific set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, e.g., whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available to perform tasks or busy, etc ., a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light emitting function, a sound emitting function, etc.) embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC or the like configured to connect to an IoT network such as an ad hoc local area network or the Internet. Examples of IoT devices may include refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, washing machines, tumble dryers, ovens, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, lighting fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers, electric meters, gas meters, etc., provided the Devices are equipped with an addressable communication interface for communicating with the IoT network. IoT devices can also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network can consist of a combination of “traditional” devices with Internet access (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, mobile phones, etc.) as well as devices that typically do not have an Internet connection (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

User device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may also comprise mesh stations, e.g., in a mesh network according to one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.

Each of user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to communicate with one another via one or more communication networks 130 and/or 135, wirelessly or wired. User device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with or without AP 102. Each of communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include any combination of different types of suitable communication networks, such as eg, but not limited to, broadcast networks, cable networks, public networks (eg, the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or other suitable private and/or public networks. Additionally, each of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication domain associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks ( LANs) or Personal Area Networks (PANs). In addition, each of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be transmitted, including but not limited to coaxial cable, twisted pair wiring, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial medium (HFC), terrestrial microwave transceivers, Radio Frequency Communications Media, White Space Communications Media, Ultra High Frequency Communications Media, Satellite Communications Media, or any combination thereof.

Each of user equipments 120 (e.g., user equipments 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include one or more communication antennas. The one or more communication antennas can be any suitable type of antenna that conforms to the communication protocols used by UE(s) 120 (e.g., UEs 124, 126, and 128) and AP(s) 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, IEEE 802.11 family standards compliant antennas, directional antennas, omnidirectional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, Omnidirectional antennas, quasi-omnidirectional antennas or similar. The one or more communication antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communication signals, to and/or from user equipments 120 and/or AP(s) 102.

Each of user device(s) 120 (eg, user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to provide directional transmission and/or reception in connection with wireless communications in a wireless network performs. Each of UEs 120 (e.g., UEs 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to provide such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG arrays or the like ) performs. Each of the several Antenna arrays can be used for transmission and/or reception in a specific direction or range of directions. Each of UEs 120 (eg, UEs 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any directional transmission toward one or more defined transmit sectors. Each of user equipments 120 (eg, user equipments 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any directional reception from one or more defined reception sectors.

MIMO beamforming in a wireless network can be performed with RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming. When performing a particular MIMO transmission, UEs 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of their one or more communication antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.

Each of user equipment 120 (e.g., user equipment 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include any suitable radio device and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency signals in the bandwidth and/or channels consistent with communications protocols that are used by each of user equipment 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicate with each other. The radio components can contain hardware and/or software for modulating and/or demodulating communication signals according to predetermined transmission protocols. The radios may also have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate over one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi Direct protocols as standardized by the IEEE 802.11 standards. The radio component can be used in cooperation with the communication antennas for communication via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ax), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax) or 60 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11ad, 802.11ay) must be set up. 800 MHz channels (e.g. 802. 11ah). The communication antennas can operate at 28 GHz and 40 GHz. It is understood that this list of communication channels according to certain 802.11 standards is only a partial list and that other 802.11 standards can also be used (e.g. Next Generation Wi-Fi or other standards). Non-Wi-Fi protocols can also be used for communication between devices, e.g. Bluetooth, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g. IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), White-Band Frequencies (e.g. White Spaces) or other packetized radio communications. The radio component can include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communication over the communication protocols. The radio component may further include a low-noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and a digital baseband.

With reference to 1 AP 102 may enable an interleaved RU 142 with one or more user devices 120.

It is understood that the above descriptions are provided for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting.

2 12 shows an illustrative schematic diagram for interlaced RU, in accordance with one or more examples of the present disclosure.

iRU sizes:

1. 1) Maximierung der Gesamtsendeleistung bis zu einem Schwellenwert (z.B. bis zu 18~20dBm); und
2. 2) Erhöhung der Sendeleistung pro Ton, um die Reichweite zu erhöhen.

Table 1 shows the transmit power (TX) for 26/52/106 tone iRUs. The transmission power can include the total transmission power and a transmission power per tone. The goal of iRU optimization can include:

1. 1) Maximize total transmit power up to a threshold (eg up to 18~20dBm); and
2. 2) Increasing the transmission power per tone to increase the range.

Table 1 illustrates that 1) iRU 26 and 52 cannot improve the total transmit power up to the threshold range (eg 18~20dBm); iRU 26 and 52 can contain the same per-tone transmit power as iRU 106, which is -1dBm/MHz. Considering these two factors, iRU support for 26 tones can be prohibited. TABLE 1 iRU size total transmit power Per tone transmit power notice 26 tones -ldBm/tone + 101log(26) ~=13dBm -1dbm 26/52/106/78 iRU have the same power per tone 26/52 must not increase the total power up to the threshold 52 tones 16dBm -1dbm 106 tones 19dBm -1dbm 78 tones (26+52) 18dBm -1dbm

Table 2 illustrates that localized EVUs (eg 996-tone LVUs) can also support 18 dBm total transmit power without interlacing. Given this factor, 242 and 484 tone iRUs can be enabled, but 996 tone iRUs cannot. TABLE 2 LRU size total transmit power Note : 242 tones 12dBm 484 tones 15dBm 996 tones LRU may reach transmit power threshold. 996 tones 18dBm

An iRU system can allow iRU for 78/106/242/484 tones.

Size of distribution window for iRUs:

1. 1) 80MHz ist eine vorgeschriebene Bandbreite (BW) in IEEE. Wenn iRUs über 160MHz definiert sind, dann kann ein 80MHz-fähiges Gerät keine iRU-Übertragung durchführen.
2. 2) iRUs und LRUs können in einer Protokolldateneinheit der physikalischen Schicht (PPDU) gemischt werden. Die Verteilung innerhalb von 80 MHz kann mehr Möglichkeiten bieten, iRUs und LRUs zu mischen.
3. 3) Bei einem Interlacing innerhalb von 80 MHz kann der in dieser Offenbarung/Erfindung beschriebene Schwellenwert für die Sendeleistung der iRUs erreicht werden.
4. 4) Ein Interlacing innerhalb von 80MHz kann das Risiko verringern, dass iRUs den FCC-Test nicht bestehen. Weil das Interlacing innerhalb von 80MHz einen größeren BW zum Interlacing bereitstellen und den Abstand zwischen zwei Tönen vergrößern kann.

An iRU system may set the distribution window size to 80MHz for one or more of the following reasons:

1. 1) 80MHz is a mandated bandwidth (BW) in IEEE. If iRUs are defined above 160MHz, then an 80MHz capable device cannot perform an iRU transmission.
2. 2) iRUs and LRUs can be mixed in a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). The distribution within 80MHz can provide more opportunities to mix iRUs and LRUs.
3. 3) With interlacing within 80 MHz, the threshold for the transmission power of the iRUs described in this disclosure/invention can be reached.
4. 4) Interlacing within 80MHz can reduce the risk of iRUs failing FCC test. Because the interlacing within 80MHz can provide a larger BW to interlace and increase the distance between two tones.

1. 1) Alle iRUs können innerhalb desselben Unterkanals verschachtelt werden;
2. 2) der Unterkanal für die iRU-Verflechtung kann 80 MHz betragen; und
3. 3) der Unterkanal für die iRU-Verflechtung kann sich auf 160 MHz erstrecken, wenn die Sendeleistung pro Ton gleich dem Schwellenbereich ist.

iRUs can be nested according to the following:

1. 1) All iRUs can be interleaved within the same subchannel;
2. 2) the subchannel for the iRU interconnection can be 80MHz; and
3. 3) the sub-channel for iRU interleaving can extend to 160MHz if the transmit power per tone is equal to the threshold range.

Mapping iRUs to tones:

1. 1) Bei iRUs mit 484 Tönen können innerhalb der 80 MHz zwei Kandidatentöne verfügbar sein. Die 968 Töne (z.B. 484x2 = 968) können innerhalb der 996 Töne liegen, die für 996 Ton-iRUs für 80MHz definiert sind. Die verbleibenden Töne (z.B. 996-968 = 28) können im Bereich von Gleichstrom (DC) oder an einer Kante der 80MHz liegen. Der Tonsatzindex für 968 kann als i={0,1,..., 968} definiert werden, der Index für die beiden Kandidatentöne kann sein:
   • i_484_1 = 2k, k={0,1,2,...N_SD/2}, wobei N_SD = 968, d.h. die geraden Tonindizes; und
   • i_484_2 = 2k+1, k={0,1,2,...N_SD/2}, wobei N_SD = 968, d.h. die ungeraden Tonindizes.
2. 2) Für 242 Ton-iRUs können vier Kandidatentöne innerhalb der 80MHz verfügbar sein. Die 968 Töne (z.B. 242x4=968) können die gleichen 968 Töne verwenden wie die 484 iRUs. Der Index für die vier Kandidatentöne kann sein: $$\text{i}\_242\_1=4\text{k},\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_242\_2=4\text{k}+\mathrm{1,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968\text{ist}.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_242\_3=4\text{k}+\mathrm{2,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_242\_4=4\text{k}+\mathrm{3,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
3. 3) Für 106 Ton-iRUs können acht Kandidatentöne innerhalb der 80MHz verfügbar sein. Die 848 Töne (z.B. 106x8 = 848) können einen Teil der gleichen 968 Töne wie die 484 iRUs verwenden. Der Index für die acht Kandidatentöne kann sein: $$\text{i}\_106\_1=8\text{k},\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_2=8\text{k}+\mathrm{1,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968\text{ist}.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_3=8\text{k}+\mathrm{2,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_4=8\text{k}+\mathrm{3,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_5=8\text{k}+\mathrm{4,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_6=8\text{k}+\mathrm{5,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_7=8\text{k}+\mathrm{6,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_8=8\text{k}+\mathrm{7,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}\dots \text{N}\_\text{SD}/8\right\},\text{wobei N}\_\text{SD}=968\text{ist}.$$
   

An interleaved RU system can map the iRUs defined in 11be to the same channel width. This can simplify the iRU to Tone mapping scheme. 80Mhz can be the subchannel width to which iRUs are mapped, the iRUs can be mapped according to the following:

1. 1) For iRUs with 484 tones, two candidate tones may be available within the 80MHz. The 968 tones (eg 484x2 = 968) can be within the 996 tones defined for 996 tone iRUs for 80MHz are. The remaining tones (e.g. 996-968 = 28) may be in the direct current (DC) range or on an edge of the 80MHz. The tone set index for 968 can be defined as i={0,1,...,968}, the index for the two candidate tones can be:
   • i_484_1 = 2k, k={0,1,2,...N_SD/2}, where N_SD = 968, ie the even tone indices; and
   • i_484_2 = 2k+1, k={0,1,2,...N_SD/2}, where N_SD = 968, ie the odd tone indices.
2. 2) For 242 tone iRUs, four candidate tones may be available within the 80MHz. The 968 tones (eg 242x4=968) can use the same 968 tones as the 484 iRUs. The index for the four candidate tones can be: $$\text{i}\_242\_1=4\text{k},\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_242\_2=4\text{k}+\mathrm{1,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968\text{is}.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_242\_3=4\text{k}+\mathrm{2,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_242\_4=4\text{k}+\mathrm{3,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/4\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
3. 3) For 106 tone iRUs, eight candidate tones may be available within the 80MHz. The 848 tones (eg 106x8 = 848) can use part of the same 968 tones as the 484 iRUs. The index for the eight candidate tones can be: $$\text{i}\_106\_1=\mathrm{8th}\text{k},\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_2=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+\mathrm{1,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968\text{is}.$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_3=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+\mathrm{2,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_4=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+\mathrm{3,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_5=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+\mathrm{4,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_6=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+\mathrm{5,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_7=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+\mathrm{6,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968$$
   
   $$\text{i}\_106\_\mathrm{8th}=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+\mathrm{7,}\text{k}=\left\{\mathrm{0,1,2,}...\text{N}\_\text{SD}/\mathrm{8th}\right\},\text{where N}\_\text{SD}=968\text{is}.$$
   

It is understood that the above descriptions are provided for purposes of illustration and are not to be taken as limiting.

3 FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an illustrative process 300 for a nested RU system, in accordance with one or more example aspects of the present disclosure.

At block 302, a device (e.g., user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 of 1 ) determine a framework that includes one or more nested resource units (iRUs).

In block 304, the device may cause the frame to be sent to a first one of one or more station devices.

It is understood that the above descriptions are provided for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting.

4 FIG. 4 shows a functional diagram of an example communication station 400, in accordance with one or more example aspects of the present disclosure. 4 Figure 12 shows a functional block diagram of a communication station configured for use as an AP 102 ( 1 ) or as user device 120 ( 1 ) may be appropriate in some aspects. The communication station 400 can also be used as a handheld device, mobile device, cell phone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop, portable bare computing device, femtocell, HDR (High Data Rate) subscriber station, access point, access terminal or other PCS (Personal Communication System) device.

The communication station 400 may include communication circuitry 402 and a transceiver 410 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 401 . The communications circuitry 402 may include circuitry that may operate physical layer (PHY) communications and/or medium access control (MAC) communications to control access to the wireless medium and/or any other communications layers to transmit and receive signals . The communication station 400 may also include processing circuitry 406 and memory 408 arranged to perform the operations described herein. Communication circuitry 402 and processing circuitry 406 may be configured to perform the operations described in the figures, diagrams, and flows above.

Communication circuitry 402 may be configured to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communication over the wireless medium. Communication circuitry 402 may be configured to send and receive signals. Communications circuitry 402 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, up/down conversion, filtering, amplification, and so on. The processing circuitry 406 of the communication station 400 may include one or more processors. Two or more antennas 401 may be connected to communication circuitry 402 arranged to transmit and receive signals. Memory 408 may store information for configuring processing circuitry 406 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and for performing the various operations described herein. Memory 408 may include any type of memory, including non-portable memory, for storing information in a machine (e.g., computer) readable form. Memory 408 may include, for example, a computer readable storage device, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media.

The communication station 400 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless phone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager , an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a portable computing device, or any other device capable of receiving and/or sending information wirelessly.

The communication station 400 may include one or more antennas 401 . The antennas 401 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, such as dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmitting RF signals. A single antenna with multiple openings can also be used instead of two or more antennas. Each aperture can be viewed as a separate antenna. In some aspects of MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output), the antennas can be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that can arise between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.

The communication station 400 may include one or more of the following components: a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other elements of the mobile device. The display can be an LCD screen with a touch screen.

Although the communication station 400 is illustrated as having multiple separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements can be combined and implemented through combinations of software configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuits to perform at least the functions described herein. The functional elements of the communication station 400 may refer to one or more processes running on one or more processing elements.

Certain aspects may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other aspects may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device that are readable and executable by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-portable storage mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (eg, a computer). A computer-readable storage device may include, for example, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media. The communication station 400 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer readable storage medium.

5 5 shows a block diagram of an example of a machine 500 or system upon which one or more techniques (eg, methods) discussed herein may be implemented. Machine 500 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (eg, networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, device 500 can operate as a server, a client, or both in a server-client network environment. In one example, computing device 500 may function as a peer computing device in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments. Device 500 may be a personal computer (PC), tablet PC, set top box (STB), personal digital assistant (PDA), cellular phone, portable computing device, web appliance, a network router, switch, or bridge, or any device capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) specifying actions to be performed by that device, such as a base station. Although only a single machine is depicted, the term "machine" also includes any collection of machines that individually or collectively execute a set (or sets) of instructions to perform one or more of the methods discussed herein, such as cloud Computing, Software as a Service (SaaS) or other computer cluster configurations.

The examples described herein may include or operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible units (e.g. hardware) that are able to carry out certain operations during operation. A module includes hardware. In one example, the hardware may be specifically configured to perform a particular operation (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuitry, etc.) and a computer-readable medium bearing instructions, the instructions configuring the execution units to operate in a specific manner. The configuration can be done under the direction of the execution units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operational. In this example, the execution units may be part of more than one module. For example, the execution units may be operationally configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at a particular time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 500 may include a hardware processor 502 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), main memory 504, and static storage 506, some or all of which may be can communicate with each other via an interconnect (eg, a bus) 508 . Machine 500 may further include a power management device 532, a graphics display device 510, an alphanumeric input device 512 (eg, a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 514 (eg, a mouse). In one example, the graphic display device 510, the alphanumeric input device 512, and the UI navigation device 514 may be a touchscreen display. Device 500 may additionally include a storage device (ie, drive) 516, a signal generating device 518 (eg, a speaker), an interlaced RU device 519, a network interface device/transceiver 520 coupled to antenna(s) 530, and one or more sensors 528, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. Device 500 may include an output controller 534, such as a serial (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection, to communicate with one or more peripheral devices (eg, a printer, a card reader, etc.) to communicate or control.) The operations according to one or more example aspects of the present disclosure tion can be performed by a baseband processor. The baseband processor can be set up in such a way that it generates corresponding baseband signals. The baseband processor may also include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer circuitry, and may further interface with the hardware processor 502 for generating and processing the baseband signals and for controlling the operations of main memory 504, storage device 516, and/or the interleaved -RU facility 519 form. The baseband processor can reside on a single radio card, chip, or integrated circuit (IC).

Storage device 516 may include a machine-readable medium 522 storing on it one or more sets of data structures or instructions 524 (e.g., software) embodying or used by one or more techniques or functions described herein. Instructions 524 may also reside wholly or at least partially in main memory 504, static storage 506, or hardware processor 502 while being executed by machine 500. In an example, one or any combination of hardware processor 502, main memory 504, static storage 506, or storage device 516 may represent a machine-readable medium.

The nested RU device 519 may execute or perform any of the acts and processes (e.g., process 300) described and shown above.

It should be understood that the above is only a subset of what nested RU device 519 may perform, and that other functions included in this disclosure may also be performed by nested RU device 519 .

While the machine-readable medium 522 is depicted as a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) that is used to store the one or more instructions 524 are configured.

Various aspects may be fully or partially implemented in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions embodied in or on a non-transferable computer-readable storage medium. These instructions can then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable the operations described herein to be performed. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such computer-readable medium may include any tangible, non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, a flash memory, etc.

The term “machine-readable medium” may encompass any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by machine 500 that cause machine 500 to perform one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media can include solid-state memory, optical, and magnetic media. An example of a machine-readable mass medium is a machine-readable medium having a plurality of particles of mass at rest. Specific examples of machine-readable mass media may include non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory, magnetic disks such as internal hard and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

Instructions 524 may also be transmitted over a communications network 526 using a transmission medium via network interface device/transceiver 520 using any transmission protocol (e.g., Frame Relay, Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.) are sent or received. Examples of communication networks can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g. the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g. cellular networks), plain old telephone networks (POTS), wireless data networks (e.g. IEEE 802.11 family of standards, known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 standardsfa milie and peer-to-peer networks (P2P) and others. In one example, network interface device/transceiver 520 may include one or more physical jacks (eg, Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas for connection to communications network 526 . In one example, the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include a plurality of antennas to communicate wirelessly using at least one of the techniques SIMO (single-input multiple-output), MIMO (multiple-input Multiple-Output - Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) or MISO (Multiple-Input Single-Output - Multiple-Input Single-Output) is used. The term "transmission medium" encompasses any intangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or transporting instructions for execution by machine 500, and includes digital or analog communication signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software .

The acts and processes described and shown above may be performed or performed in any suitable order as desired in different implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be performed in parallel. Additionally, fewer or more acts than described may be performed in particular implementations.

6 FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 105A, 105B according to some aspects incorporated in one of the example AP 102 and/or the example STA 102 of FIG 1 can be implemented. The radio architecture 105A, 105B may include radio front end module (FEM) circuitry 604a-b, radio IC circuitry 606a-b, and baseband processing circuitry 608a-b. The radio architecture 105A, 105B shown includes both wireless local area network (WLAN) and Bluetooth (BT) functionality, although the aspects are not so limited. In this disclosure, “WLAN” and “Wi-Fi” are used interchangeably.

The FEM circuitry 604a-b may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry 604a and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry 604b. The WiFi FEM circuitry 604a may include a receive signal path that includes circuitry configured to operate on WiFi RF signals received from one or more antennas 601 to amplify the received signals and the to provide amplified versions of the received signals to WLAN radio IC circuit 606a for further processing. The BT FEM circuitry 604b may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 601 to amplify the received signals and supply the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuit 606b for further processing. The FEM circuitry 604a may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 606a for wireless transmission through one or more of the antennas 601 will. In addition, the FEM circuitry 604b may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals transmitted by the radio IC circuitry 606b for wireless transmission through the one or the multiple antennas are provided. In the aspect of 6 While FEM 604a and FEM 604b are shown as separate, aspects are not so limited and include within their scope the use of a FEM (not shown) having a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuits where at least some of the FEM circuits share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

The radio IC circuit 606a-b shown may include a WLAN radio IC circuit 606a and a BT radio IC circuit 606b. WLAN radio IC circuitry 606a may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry for down-converting WLAN RF signals received from FEM circuitry 604a and providing baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608a. BT radio IC circuitry 606b may in turn include a receive signal path that may include circuitry for downconverting BT RF signals received from FEM circuitry 604b and providing baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 608b. WLAN radio IC circuitry 606a may also include a transmit signal path that includes circuitry for upconverting WLAN baseband signals provided by WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608a and providing WLAN RF output signals to FEM circuitry 604a for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 601 . The BT radio IC circuit 606b may also include a transmit signal path that includes circuitry for upconverting BT baseband signals generated by the BT baseband processing circuit 608b, and for providing BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 604b for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 601. In the aspect of 6 For example, while radio IC circuits 606a and 606b are shown as being separate from one another, aspects are not so limited and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuit (not shown) having a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuits, at least some of the radio IC circuits having transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals share.

The baseband processing circuitry 608a-b may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608a and a BT baseband processing circuitry 608b. WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608a may include memory, such as a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fourier Transform block (not shown) of WLAN baseband processing circuitry 608a. Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 608a and the BT baseband circuitry 608b may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 606a-b and also corresponding ones generate WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of radio IC circuit 606a-b. Each of the baseband processing circuitry 608a and 608b may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer circuitry, and may further interface with apparatus for generating and processing the baseband signals and controlling the operation of the radio IC circuitry 606a- have b.

According to the aspect shown in 6 For example, WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 613 may include logic that provides an interface between WLAN baseband circuitry 608a and BT baseband circuitry 608b to enable use cases that require WLAN and BT coexistence. In addition, a switch 603 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuit 604a and the BT FEM circuit 604b to switch between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs. Although antennas 601 are shown connected to WLAN FEM circuitry 604a and BT FEM circuitry 604b, respectively, aspects also include sharing one or more antennas between WLAN and BT FEMs or the provision of more than one antenna associated with each FEM 604a or 604b.

Front end module circuitry 604a-b, radio IC circuitry 606a-b, and baseband processing circuitry 608a-b may be provided on a single radio card, e.g., wireless radio card 602. The one or more antennas 601, the FEM circuitry 604a-b and the radio IC circuitry 606a-b can be placed on a single radio card. The radio IC circuitry 606a-b and the baseband processing circuitry 608a-b may reside on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC) such as IC 612.

The wireless radio 602 may include a WLAN radio and may be configured for Wi-Fi communication, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard. The radio architecture 105A, 105B may be arranged to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDMA) communication signals over a multi-carrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMA signals can include a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

The radio architecture 105A, 105B may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA), such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station, or a mobile device containing a Wi-Fi device. The radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to transmit and receive signals according to certain communication standards and/or protocols, such as one of the IEEE standards including 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, 802.11n -2009, 802.11ac, 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay and/or 802.11ax standards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this respect. The radio architecture 105A, 105B may also be capable of sending and/or receiving communications according to other techniques and standards.

The radio architecture 105A, 105B can be set up for high-efficiency Wi-Fi communication (HEW) according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The radio architecture 105A, 105B may be arranged to communicate according to an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the aspects is not limited in this regard.

The radio architecture 105A, 105B may be arranged to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques, such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g. direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time division multiplex (TDM) modulation and/or frequency division multiplex (FDM) modulation, the scope of aspects not being limited in this respect.

As in 6 Further shown, the BT baseband circuitry 608b may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 8.0, or Bluetooth 6.0, or another iteration of the Bluetooth standard.

The radio architecture 105A, 105B may include other radios, such as a cellular radio configured for cellular (e.g., 5GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, or 7G communications).

In some IEEE 802.11 aspects, the radio architecture 105A, 105B can be configured to communicate over different channel bandwidths, including bandwidths with center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and bandwidths of about 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz, 5.5 MHz, 6 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80 MHz (160 MHz) (with non-contiguous bandwidths). A channel bandwidth of 920 MHz can be used. However, the scope of application of the aspects is not limited in relation to the center frequencies mentioned above.

7 FIG. 6 shows the WLAN FEM circuit 604a according to some aspects. Although the example of 7 described in connection with WLAN FEM circuitry 604a, the example of FIG 7 in conjunction with the example BT FEM circuit 604b ( 6 ) are described, although other circuit configurations may be appropriate.

The FEM circuitry 604a may include a TX/RX switch 702 for switching between transmit and receive operations. The FEM circuit 604a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 604a may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 706 to amplify the received RF signals 703 and provide the amplified received RF signals 707 as an output (eg, to the radio IC circuitry 606a-b ( 6 )). The transmit signal path of circuitry 604a may include a power amplifier (PA) for amplifying the input RF signals 709 (e.g. from radio IC circuitry 606a-b) and one or more filters 712 such as bandpass filters (BPFs), lowpass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 715 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of antennas 601 ( 6 )) via an example duplexer 714 included.

In some dual-mode aspects for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuitry 604a can be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum. The receive signal path of the FEM circuit 604a may include a receive signal path duplexer 704 to separate the signals from each spectrum and provide a separate LNA 706 for each spectrum, as shown. The transmit signal path of the FEM circuit 604a may also include a power amplifier 710 and a filter 712, such as a BPF, an LPF, or other type of filter for each frequency spectrum, and a transmit signal path duplexer 704 to combine the signals of one of the different spectrums into one to provide a single transmission path for subsequent transmission through one or more of the antennas 601 ( 6 ). The BT communication can use the 2.4 GHz signal paths and use the same FEM circuit 604a as that used for the WLAN communication.

8th FIG. 6 shows the radio IC circuit 606a in accordance with some aspects. The radio IC circuit 606a is an example of a circuit designed for use as a WLAN or BT radio IC circuit 606a/606b ( 6 ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of 8th will be described in connection with the example of the BT radio IC circuit 606b.

The radio IC circuit 606a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The received signal path of the radio IC circuit 606a may include at least one mixer circuit 802 such as a down-conversion mixer circuit, an amplifier circuit 806 and a filter circuit 808 . The transmit signal path of the radio IC circuit 606a may include at least one filter circuit 812 and a mixer circuit 814, such as an up-conversion mixer circuit. The radio IC circuit 606a may also include a synthesizer circuit 804 for synthesizing a frequency 805 for use by mixer circuit 802 and mixer circuit 814 are included. Mixer circuitry 802 and/or 814 may each be configured to provide direct conversion functionality. The latter type of circuit has a much simpler architecture compared to standard superheterodyne mixer circuits and any flicker noise caused by this can be mitigated by using OFDM modulation, for example. 8th Figure 12 shows only a simplified version of a radio IC circuit and, although not shown, may include aspects where each of the circuits shown may include more than one component. For example, mixer circuitry 814 may each include one or more mixers, and filter circuitry 808 and/or 812 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs, as appropriate to the application. For example, if the mixer circuits are of the direct conversion type, they may each contain two or more mixers.

Mixer circuitry 802 may be configured to combine the FEM circuitry 604a-b ( 6 ) down-converts received RF signals 707 based on the synthesized frequency 805 provided by the synthesizer circuit 804 . The amplifier circuit 806 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuit 808 may include an LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals 807 . The output baseband signals 807 may be sent to processing circuitry 608a-b ( 6 ) for further processing. The output baseband signals 807 can be, but are not required to be, zero frequency baseband signals. The mixer circuit 802 may consist of passive mixers, but the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard.

The mixer circuit 814 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 811 based on the synthesized frequency 805 provided by the synthesizer circuit 804 to generate RF output signals 709 for the FEM circuits 604a-b. The baseband signals 811 may be provided by baseband processing circuitry 608a-b and filtered by filter circuitry 812. The filter circuit 812 may include an LPF or a BPF, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard.

Mixer circuit 802 and mixer circuit 814 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion using synthesizer 804 . Mixer circuitry 802 and mixer circuitry 814 may each include two or more mixers, each configured for image suppression (e.g., Hartley image suppression). The mixer circuit 802 and the mixer circuit 814 can be configured for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion. Mixer circuit 802 and mixer circuit 814 may be configured for superheterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.

The mixer circuit 802, in one aspect, may include: passive quadrature mixers (eg, for the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths). The RF input signal 707 off 8th can be downconverted to produce I and Q baseband output signals that are sent to the baseband processor

Passive quadrature mixers can be driven by LO switching signals varying in time by zero and ninety degrees provided by a quadrature circuit which can be arranged to receive an LO frequency (fLO) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, eg the Synthesizer 804 LO frequency 805 ( 8th ). The LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other aspects the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (eg, half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). The time varying zero and ninety degree switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard.

The LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of a period that the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between the starting points of the period). The LO signals can have an 85% duty cycle and an 80% offset. Each leg of the mixer's circuitry (e.g. the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths) can operate with an 80% duty cycle, which can result in a significant reduction in power consumption.

The RF input signal 707 ( 7 ) may include a balanced signal, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard. The I and Q baseband output signals can be fed to a low-noise amplifier, such as the 806 amplifier circuit ( 8th ) or the filter circuit 808 ( 8th ) are supplied.

The output baseband signals 807 and the input baseband signals 811 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard. The output baseband signals 807 and the input baseband signals 811 can be digital baseband signals. The radio IC circuit may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.

In dual mode, separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum or for other spectrums not mentioned here, but the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard.

Synthesizer circuitry 804 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of aspects is not limited in this regard, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. The circuit 804 can be, for example, a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier or a synthesizer with a phase-locked loop and a frequency divider. Synthesizer circuitry 804 may be digital synthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuit is that while it may still contain some analog components, its footprint is much smaller than the footprint of an analog synthesizer circuit. The frequency input to the synthesizer circuit 804 can be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), but this is not mandatory. A divider control input can also be provided by baseband processing circuitry 608a-b ( 6 ) can be provided depending on the desired output frequency 805. A divider control input (eg, N) may be determined from a look-up table (eg, within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and channel center frequency, as determined or specified by example application processor 610. The application processor 610 may include or be otherwise connected to the example secure signal converter 621 or the example receive signal converter 623 (eg, depending on which device the example radio architecture is implemented in).

The synthesizer circuitry 804 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 805, while in other aspects the output frequency 805 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). The output frequency 805 may be a LO frequency (fLO).

9 6 shows a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 608a in accordance with some aspects. Baseband processing circuitry 608a is an example of circuitry suitable for use as baseband processing circuitry 608a ( 6 ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of 8th be used to illustrate the example of the BT baseband processing circuit 608b of FIG 6 to implement.

Baseband processing circuitry 608a may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 902 for processing receive baseband signals 909 received from radio IC circuitry 606a-b ( 6 ) are provided, and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 904 for generating transmit baseband signals 911 for the radio IC circuitry 606a-b. The baseband processing circuitry 608a may also include control logic 806 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 608a.

When analog baseband signals are exchanged between baseband processing circuitry 608a-b and radio IC circuitry 606a-b, baseband processing circuitry 608a may include an ADC 910 to convert the analog baseband signals 909 received from radio IC circuitry 606a-b into digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 902. Baseband processing circuitry 608a may also include a DAC 912 to convert digital baseband signals from TX BBP 904 to analog baseband signals 911 .

In some aspects that transmit OFDM signals or OFDMA signals, such as by baseband processor 608a, transmit baseband processor 904 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals suitable for transmission by: an inverse fast Fourier-T transformation (IFFT). The receive baseband processor 902 may be configured to process received OFDM or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT. The receive baseband processor 902 may be arranged to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing auto-correlation to detect a preamble, eg a short preamble, and by performing cross-correlation to to recognize a long preamble. The preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communications.

Back to 6 : The antennas 601 ( 6 ) may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, e.g. dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for the transmission of RF signals. In some aspects of MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output), the antennas can be effectively separated to take advantage of the spatial diversity and different channel characteristics that can result. The antennas 601 may each comprise a set of phased array antennas, although aspects are not so limited.

Although the radio architecture 105A, 105B is illustrated as several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements can be combined and implemented through combinations of software configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuits to perform at least the functions described herein. The functional elements may refer to one or more processes running on one or more processing elements.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect that is described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. As used herein, the terms "computing device", "user device", "communication station", "station", "handheld device", "mobile device", "wireless device" and "user equipment" (UE) refer to a wireless communication device, such as a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop, femtocell, HDR (High Data Rate) subscriber station, access point, printer, point of sale device, access terminal or other device of the personal communication system (PCS). The device can be either mobile or stationary.

As used in this document, the term “communicate” is intended to include sending or receiving, or both sending and receiving. This can be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data being sent by one device and received by another, but only requiring the functionality of one of those devices for the claim to violate. Similarly, the bi-directional exchange of data between two devices (both devices send and receive during the exchange) can be described as "communicating" when only the functionality of one of these devices is claimed. The term “communicate” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes sending the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit capable of transmitting a wireless communication signal, a wireless transmitter for sending the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit and/or a wireless communication receiver for receiving the wireless communication signal by at least one other wireless communication unit.

Unless otherwise noted, the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc. to describe a common object merely indicates that different instances of the same objects are being referred to and is not intended to imply that those so described Objects must be in a specific order, whether temporal, spatial, ranked, or otherwise.

The term "access point" (AP) as used herein may mean a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved nodeB (eNodeB), or other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be referred to as a mobile station, user equipment (UE), wireless communication, or other similar terminology known in the art. The aspects disclosed here relate generally to wireless networks. Some aspects may relate to wireless networks operating according to any of the IEEE 802.11 standards.

Some Aspects may be used in connection with various devices and systems, e.g., a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicle device, a Non-vehicle device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, video device, audio device, audio video (A/V) device, wired or wireless network, wireless network, wireless video network (WVAN), local area network (LAN), wireless LAN (WLAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some aspects may be used in connection with one-way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radiotelephone communication systems, a mobile telephone, a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Personal Communication System (PCS) device, a PDA device that uses a wireless communication device, a mobile or handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device containing a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device containing an RFID element or chip , a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transceiver or device, a SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output) transceiver or device, a MISO transceiver or device (Multiple input single output), a device with one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handh eld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some aspects may be used in connection with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems that obey one or more wireless communication protocols, e.g., radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM ( OFDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDMA), Enhanced TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, Single-Carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband (UWB) , Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 2G, 2. 5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation Cellular Networks (5G), 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ( EDGE) or similar. Other aspects may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.

The following examples relate to further aspects.

Example 1 may include an apparatus comprising processing circuitry coupled to a memory, the processing circuitry configured to: determine a frame comprising one or more interleaved resource units (iRUs); and causes the frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices.

Example 2 may include the device of Example 1 and/or another example herein wherein the one or more iRUs are associated with 78, 106, 242, or 484 tones.

Example 3 may include the device of Example 1 and/or any other example herein wherein the iRUs are distributed using an 80 MHz channel.

Example 4 may include the device of example 1 and/or another example herein that also includes a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

Example 5 may include the device of Example 4 and/or another example herein that also includes an antenna coupled to the transceiver to cause the frame to be transmitted.

Example 6 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, result in the performance of operations, including: determining a frame that includes one or more nested resource units (iRUs ) includes; and causing the one or more station equipment to transmit the frame to a first station equipment.

Example 7 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 6 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more iRUs are associated with 78, 106, 242, or 484 tones.

Example 8 may include the non-transmittable computer-readable medium of Example 6 and/or any other example herein wherein the iRUs are distributed using an 80 MHz channel.

Example 9 may include a method, comprising: determining, by one or more processors, a frame comprising one or more interleaved resource units (iRUs); and causing the one or more station equipment to transmit the frame to a first station equipment.

Example 10 may include the method of Example 9 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more iRUs are associated with 78, 106, 242, or 484 tones.

Example 11 may include the method of Example 9 and/or any other example herein wherein the iRUs are distributed using an 80 MHz channel.

Example 12 may include an apparatus comprising means for: determining a frame comprising one or more interleaved resource units (iRUs); and causing the frame to be sent to a first one of one or more of the station equipment.

Example 13 may include the device of example 12 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more iRUs are associated with 78, 106, 242, or 484 tones.

Example 14 may include the device of example 12 and/or another example herein, where the iRUs are distributed using an 80 MHz channel.

Example 15 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in any of Examples 1- 14-14 or associated therewith, or to perform any other method or process described herein.

Example 16 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of Examples 1-14, or any other method or process described herein .

Example 17 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of Examples 1-14, or portions or parts thereof.

Example 18 may include an apparatus, comprising: one or more processors, and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method to perform the technique or process described in or associated with any of Examples 1-14, or portions thereof.

Example 19 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

Example 20 may include a system for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

Example 21 may include a device for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

Aspects according to the disclosure/invention are disclosed in particular in the appended claims relating to a method, a storage medium, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein each feature recited in one claim category, e.g. method, also in another claim category, e.g. system, can be claimed. The dependencies or dependencies in the appended claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject-matter resulting from intentional reference to previous claims (particularly to multiple dependencies) may also be claimed, such that any combination of claims and their features are disclosed and claimed independently of the dependencies chosen in the appended claims be able. The claimable subject-matter includes not only the combinations of features set out in the appended claims, but also any other combination of features in the claims, and any feature mentioned in the claims may be combined with any other feature or combination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, any of the aspects and features described or illustrated herein may be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any aspect or feature described or illustrated herein or with any of the features of the appended claims.

The foregoing description of one or more embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the various aspects.

Certain aspects of the disclosure/invention are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, devices and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowcharts, respectively, can be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Also, some blocks of the block diagrams and flowcharts do not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some implementations.

These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special purpose computer or other specified machine, processor or other programmable computing device to create a specified machine such that the instructions executed on the computer, processor or other programmable computing device provide means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or memory that can instruct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture that includes instruction means that a implement one or more functions specified in the flowchart block(s). As an example, certain implementations may provide a computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, the computer-readable program code being adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or indicated in the flowchart blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions, executing on the computer or other programmable device, provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, the blocks of the block diagrams and flowcharts support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It is also understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowcharts, are protected by specific hardware-based Computer systems can be implemented that perform the specified functions, elements, or steps, or combinations of specific hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional expressions, such as "may", "could", "could" or "may", unless expressly stated otherwise or understood otherwise in the context, are generally intended to express that certain implementations require certain features, elements and/or or contain operations while other implementations do not contain them. Therefore, such conditional language is generally not intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required of one or more implementations, or that one or more implementations necessarily contain logic to decide with or without user input or prompting whether those features, elements, and/or operations are included or intended to be performed in a particular implementation.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure/invention set forth herein will become apparent having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. It is therefore to be understood that the disclosure/invention is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a general and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• US63/064295 [0001]

Claims (10)

A circuit set up to: determine that a message comprising a frame is to be transmitted; determine a size of a plurality of resource units (RUs) for the frame; generate the message comprising the frame and the plurality of RUs; and transmit message comprising the frame; optionally wherein the plurality of RUs comprises a plurality of localized RUs distributed within an eighty MHz channel. The circuit after claim 1 wherein the plurality of RUs comprises a plurality of interleaved RUs distributed within a distribution window of the frame; wherein the distribution window optionally includes an 80 megahertz (MHz) channel; further optionally wherein the distribution window corresponds to a subchannel of a channel occupied by a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). The circuit after claim 2 wherein the size of the plurality of RUs is at least one of: 52 tones, 78 tones, 106 tones, 242 tones, or 484 tones; optionally wherein: the size of the plurality of RUs is equal to a 484-ton size; the distribution window comprises a 996 tone window; each RU of the plurality of RUs is mapped to one of two candidate tones; and a plurality of remaining tones in the distribution window are positioned at an edge of the distribution window; optionally further comprising an index of the two candidate cells: $$\text{i}\_484\_1=2\text{k};$$

$$\text{i}\_484\_2=2\text{k}+1;$$

and where k represents a current tone within a range equal to {0,1,2,...N_SD/2} where N_SD equals 968, and where i_484_1 represents even tone indices and i_484_2 represents odd tone indices. The circuit after one of claims 2 or 3 wherein the size of the plurality of RUs is equal to a 242 tone size; wherein the distribution window comprises a 996 tone window; wherein each RU of the plurality of RUs is mapped to one of four candidate tones; and wherein a plurality of the remaining tones in the distribution window are positioned at an edge of the distribution window; where optionally an index of the four candidate cells includes: $$\text{i}\_242\_1=4\text{k};$$

$$\text{i}\_242\_2=4\text{k}+1;$$

$$\text{i}\_242\_3=4\text{k}+2;$$

$$\text{i}\_242\_4=4\text{k}+3;$$

and where k represents a current tone within a range equal to {0,1,2,...N_SD/4} where N_SD equals 968. The circuit after one of claims 2 - 4 , wherein the size of the plurality of RUs is equal to a 106 tone size; wherein the distribution window comprises a 996 tone window; wherein each RU of the plurality of RUs is mapped to one of eight candidate tones; and wherein a plurality of the remaining tones in the distribution window are positioned at an edge of the distribution window; where optionally an index of the eight candidate cells includes: $$\text{i}\_106\_1=\mathrm{8th}\text{k};$$

$$\text{i}\_106\_2=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+1;$$

$$\text{i}\_106\_3=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+2;$$

$$\text{i}\_106\_4=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+3;$$

$$\text{i}\_106\_5=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+4;$$

$$\text{i}\_106\_6=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+5;$$

$$\text{i}\_106\_7=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+6;$$

$$\text{i}\_106\_\mathrm{8th}=\mathrm{8th}\text{k}+7;$$

where k represents a current tone within a range equal to {0,1,2,...N_SD/8} where N_SD equals 968. An IEEE 802.11 communications terminal apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a radio frequency (RF) interface; and the circuit according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , the circuit being coupled to the RF interface. An access point (AP) device configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 network, the device comprising: the circuitry of any one of Claims 1 until 5 . A procedure that includes: determining a message comprising a frame to be transmitted; determining a size of a plurality of resource units (RUs) for the frame; generating the message including the frame and the plurality of RUs; and transmitting the message comprising the frame; optionally wherein the plurality of RUs comprises a plurality of interleaved RUs, the method further comprising distributing the plurality of interleaved RUs within a distribution window of the frame. The procedure after claim 8 wherein the plurality of RUs comprises a plurality of interleaved RUs, the method further comprising distributing the plurality of interleaved RUs within an eighty megahertz (MHz) channel of the frame; and/or wherein the size of the plurality of RUs is equal to a 484 tone size and the distribution window comprises a 996 tone window, the method further comprising mapping each RU of the plurality of RUs to one of two candidate tones such that positioning a plurality of remaining tones in the distribution window at an edge of the distribution window; and/or wherein the plurality of RUs comprises a plurality of localized RUs interleaved within an 80 MHz channel of the frame. Apparatus, the apparatus comprising processing circuitry coupled to a memory, the processing circuitry being configured to: determining a frame that includes one or more interleaved resource units (iRUs); and cause the frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices.

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