DE102021116563A1 - U-SIG CONTENT FOR EHT WLAN AND DUPLICATED PPDU AD IN 6GHZ - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to display in a WLAN system that supports a 6 GHz band in addition to the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. A circuit configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 network may include a processor coupled to a memory, where the processor may be configured to: determine a PPDU frame containing a U-SIG -Contains content; and cause the PPDU frame to be sent to a first one of one or more station equipment.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to US provisional patent application Ser. No. 63/056,021 , filed on July 24, 2020.

TECHNICAL AREA

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for wireless communications, and more particularly to universal signal (U-SIG) content in a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) for an ultra high throughput (EHT) wireless local area network (WLAN). , which supports the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands, as well as a duplicated PPDU advertisement in the 6 GHz band.

BACKGROUND

Wireless devices are proliferating and increasingly demanding access to wireless channels. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is developing one or more standards that use Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in channel allocation.

character list

• 1 ist ein Netzwerkdiagramm, das eine Beispiel-Netzwerkumgebung für U-SIG-Inhalte mit einer oder mehreren Angaben in einer EHT-PPDU und/oder einer duplizierten PPDU-Angabe im 6-GHz-Band gemäß einer oder mehreren Ausführungsbeipielen der vorliegenden Offenbarung zeigt.
• 2 zeigt ein Flussdiagramm eines illustrativen Prozesses zur Bereitstellung von U-SIG-Inhalten mit einer oder mehreren Angaben in einer EHT-PPDU und einer duplizierten PPDU-Angabe im 6-GHz-Band gemäß einem oder mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 3 zeigt ein Funktionsdiagramm einer beispielhaften Kommunikationsstation, die zur Verwendung als Benutzergerät geeignet sein kann, gemäß einem oder mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 4 zeigt ein Blockdiagramm eines Beispielgeräts, auf dem eine oder mehrere Techniken (z.B. Verfahren) gemäß einem oder mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Offenbarung ausgeführt werden können.
• 5 ist ein Blockdiagramm einer Funkarchitektur gemäß einigen Beispielen.
• 6 zeigt eine beispielhafte Front-End-Modul-Schaltung zur Verwendung in der Funkarchitektur von 5 gemäß einem oder mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 7 zeigt eine beispielhafte Funk-IC-Schaltung zur Verwendung in der Funkarchitektur von 5, gemäß einem oder mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.
• 8 illustriert eine beispielhafte Verarbeitungsschaltung für das Basisband zur Verwendung in der Funkarchitektur von 5, gemäß einem oder mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Offenbarung.

Various aspects of the present disclosure are explained below based on various embodiments with reference to the following drawings.

• 1 12 is a network diagram depicting an example network environment for U-SIG content having one or more indications in an EHT PPDU and/or a duplicated PPDU indication in the 6 GHz band, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 2 10 shows a flowchart of an illustrative process for providing U-SIG content with one or more indications in an EHT PPDU and a duplicated PPDU indication in the 6 GHz band, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 3 FIG. 12 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 4 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example device on which one or more techniques (eg, methods) may be performed in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 5 12 is a block diagram of a radio architecture, according to some examples.
• 6 FIG. 12 shows exemplary front-end module circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG 5 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 7 FIG. 12 shows an example radio IC circuit for use in the radio architecture of FIG 5 , according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
• 8th 12 illustrates exemplary baseband processing circuitry for use in the radio architecture of FIG 5 , according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and drawings illustrate embodiments sufficiently specific to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, procedural, algorithmic, and other changes. Parts and features of some embodiments may be included or substituted for those of other embodiments. Embodiments recited in the claims include all available equivalents of those claims.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and apparatus for universal signaling content (U-SIG) having one or more indications in an EHT Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU ) for EHT WiFi supporting the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands and/or a duplicated PPDU indication in the 6 GHz band. The U-SIG content is a signaling field associated with IEEE 802.11be ("11be").

In one embodiment, a duplicated PPDU indication in a 6 GHz band may facilitate the finalization of the U-SIG content with one or more indications including a BSS (Basic Service Set) color indication and a TXOP (Transmit Opportunity) indication. The one or more indicators may include a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing pattern indicator. Further, it can enable multiple options to display the duplicated resource unit (RU) in 6GHz low-power indoor (LPI) operation.

The above descriptions are provided for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous other examples, configurations, processes, algorithms, etc. may exist, some of which are described in more detail below. Exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures.

1 12 is a network diagram showing an example network environment for U-SIG content including one or more indications in an EHT PPDU and a duplicated PPDU indication in the 6 GHz band, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and one or more access points (AP) 102 capable of communicating according to IEEE 802.11 communication standards. User device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (eg, do not have fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.

In some embodiments, user devices 120 and AP 102 may include one or more computing systems that conform to the functional diagram of FIG 3 and/or the example machine/system of 4 are similar.

One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be operated by one or more user(s) 110. Note that any addressable entity can be a Station (STA). A STA can take on several different properties, each of which shapes its function. For example, a single addressable entity can simultaneously be a portable STA, a Quality-of-Service (QoS) STA, a slave STA, and a hidden STA. The one or more illustrative user equipment(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 may be STAs. The illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may operate as a Basic Personal Service Set (PBSS) Control Point/Access Point (PCP/AP). User device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP(s) 102 may comprise any suitable processor-controlled device, including but not limited to a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g a static device. For example, user equipment(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be a user equipment (UE), station (STA), access point (AP), software enabled AP (SoftAP), personal computer (PC), portable wireless -Device (eg, bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an UltrabookTM computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an offboard Device, a hybrid device (e.g., a hybrid device (e.g., a combination of cellular phone functionality with PDA device functionality), a consumer device, a vehicle device, a non-vehicle device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device , a cellular phone, a cellular phone, a PCS device, a PDA device containing a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a carry small live large device (CSLL), an ultra mobile device (UMD), an ultra mobile PC (UMPC), a mobile Internet device (MID), an "origami" device or computing device, a device supporting dynamically composable computing (DCC), a contextual device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a set-top box (STB), a Blu-ray Disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD Recorder, an HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data set nke, a digital still camera (DSC), a media player Smartphone, a TV, a music player or similar. Other devices including smart devices such as lamps, air conditioners, car components, household components, appliances, etc. can also be included in this list.

As used herein, the term "Internet of Things (IoT) device" refers to any object (e.g., a device, sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID), a Near Field Communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and transmit information to one or more other devices over a wired or wireless connection. An IoT device can have a passive communication interface, such as a quick response code (QR code), a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or similar, or an active communication interface, such as a modem , a transceiver, a transceiver or the like. An IoT device can have a specific set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, e.g., whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available to perform tasks or busy, etc ., a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light emitting function, an acoustic emitting function, etc.) embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC or similar and configured to connect to an IoT network, such as an ad hoc local area network or the Internet. Examples of IoT devices can be refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, washing machines, tumble dryers, ovens, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, lighting fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinkler systems, electric meters, gas meters, etc., provided the devices are equipped with are equipped with an addressable communication interface for communication with the IoT network. IoT devices can also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network may include a combination of “legacy” internet-connected devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, mobile phones, etc.) in addition to devices that typically do not have an internet connection (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

User device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may also comprise mesh stations, e.g., in a mesh network, according to one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.

Each of user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to communicate with one another via one or more communication networks 130 and/or 135, wirelessly or wired. User device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with or without AP(s) 102. Each of communication networks 130 and/or 135 may be any combination of various types of suitable Communications networks include such as broadcast networks, cable networks, public networks (eg, the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or other suitable private and/or public networks. Additionally, each of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication domain associated therewith, and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks ( LANs) or Personal Area Networks (PANs). In addition, each of the communication networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be transmitted, including but not limited to coaxial cable, twisted pair cabling, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial medium (HFC), terrestrial microwave transceivers, Radio Frequency Communications Media, White Space Communications Media, Ultra High Frequency Communications Media, Satellite Communications Media, or any combination thereof.

Each of user equipments 120 (e.g., user equipments 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include one or more communication antennas. The one or more communication antennas may be any suitable type of antennas that conform to the communication protocols used by UE(s) 120 (e.g., UEs 124, 126, and 128) and AP(s) 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communication antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, IEEE 802.11 family of standards-compatible antennas, directional antennas, omnidirectional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas , quasi-omnidirectional antennas or the like. The one or more communication antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communication signals, to and/or from user equipments 120 and/or AP(s) 102.

Each of user device(s) 120 (eg, user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or reception in connection with wireless communication in a wireless network . Each of UEs 120 (e.g., UEs 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to provide such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antennas arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays can be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions. Each of UEs 120 (eg, UEs 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any directional transmission toward one or more defined transmit sectors. Each of user equipments 120 (eg, user equipments 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any directional reception from one or more defined reception sectors.

MIMO beamforming in a wireless network can be performed with RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, UEs 120 and/or AP(s) 102, when performing a particular MIMO transmission, may be configured to use all or a subset of their one or more communication antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.

Each of user equipments 120 (e.g., user equipments 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include any suitable radio device and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels that conform to the communication protocols used by each of UEs 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicate with each other. The radio components can contain hardware and/or software for modulating and/or demodulating communication signals according to predetermined transmission protocols. The radios may further include hardware and/or software instructions to communicate over one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi Direct protocols as standardized by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.11 are. In certain example implementations, the radio component can be configured in cooperation with the communication antennas to transmit over 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ax), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax) or 60 GHz channels (e.g. 802.11ad, 802.11ay). 800MHz channels (e.g. 802.11ah). The communication antennas can operate at 28 GHz and 40 GHz. It should be understood that this list of communication channels in accordance with certain 802.11 standards is only a partial list and that other 802.11 standards may be used (e.g. Next Generation Wi-Fi or other standards). In some embodiments, non-Wi-Fi protocols may also be used for communication between devices, eg, Bluetooth, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (eg, IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), White -Band frequencies (e.g. white spaces) or other packetized radio links. The radio component can include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communication over the communication protocols. The radio component may also include a low-noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and a digital baseband.

In one embodiment and with reference to FIG 1 For example, the AP 102 can facilitate a PPDU frame with U-SIG content with one or more indications 142 for EHT-WLAN and a duplicated PPDU indication in the 6 GHz spectrum with one or more user devices 120 .

It is understood that the above descriptions are provided for purposes of illustration and are not to be taken as limiting.

• 1) Das BSS-Farbunterfeld könnte die 6 Bit wie in 802.11ax wiederverwenden oder insgesamt bis zu 8 Bit hinzufügen. Das BSS-Farbunterfeld identifiziert eindeutig überlappende Basisdienstsätze. Zusätzliche Bits können notwendig sein, um BSSs in dichten Implementierungen zu unterscheiden.
• 2) Das TXOP-Unterfeld sollte insgesamt mindestens 10 Bits umfassen. Das TXOP-Unterfeld gibt die ungefähre Dauer einer Übertragung an, damit nicht sendende UEs schlafen können, um Strom zu sparen. Das TXOP-Unterfeld enthält einen Auflösungswert, der durch eine Anzahl von Bits der mindestens 10 Bits definiert ist, und einen Dauerwert, der auf dem Auflösungswert basiert, der durch die verbleibende Anzahl von Bits der mindestens 10 Bits definiert ist. Dementsprechend ist es nicht möglich, eine wahre Länge der Übertragung zu vermitteln. Dennoch kann die Granularität der ungefähren Dauer verbessert werden, wenn mehr Bits zur Definition des Auflösungswerts bereitgestellt werden. Dementsprechend sind 12 Bits insgesamt noch besser.
• 3) Das Unterfeld für den punktierten Kanal sollte mindestens 4 Bits haben, und jedes Bit zeigt einen punktierten 80MHz-Kanal an, oder das Unterfeld für den punktierten Kanal kann 5 oder 6 Bits haben, um die globale Punktierungsinformation anzuzeigen.
• 4) Das Unterfeld EHT-SIG-Kompression sollte 1 Bit haben.
• 5) Die reservierten Bits sind 1 oder 2 Bits, abhängig von dem anderen Unterfeld.

Tabelle 1 U-SIG für Multi-User (MU) PPDU Unerfeld SFD Ausf. 1 Ausf. 2 Ausf. 3 Ausf. 4 Version identifier 3 3 3 3 3 UL/DL 1 1 1 1 1 BSS Farbe >=6 Vorzugsweise, 6-8 8 6 8 6 TXOP >=7 Preferably, 10-12 10 12 10 12 PPDU BW 3 3 3 3 3 Punktierter Kanal Anzeige >=4 4 5 6 6 PPDU Format 2 2 2 2 2 EHT-SIG MCS 3 3 3 3 3 Anzahl von EHT-SIG Symbolen 5 5 5 5 5 EHT-SIG Kompression >=1 1 1 1 1 Reserviert 1 2 1 0 0 CRC in U-SIG 4 4 4 4 4 Tail in U-SIG 6 6 6 6 6 Total >=46 52 52 52 52 The U-SIG field or content contains information required to interpret extremely high throughput (EHT) PPDUs. The U-SIG field has two OFDM symbols that can carry a total of 52 bits. The U-SIG field contains several subfields or statements. Some sub-fields have already been agreed upon in the IEEE, but some sub-fields have not yet been defined. Table 1 contains both the agreed subfields (underlined) and the subfields that are not yet decided (not underlined). The present disclosure provides a U-SIG field that includes:

• 1) The BSS color subfield could reuse the 6 bits as in 802.11ax or add up to 8 bits in total. The BSS color subfield uniquely identifies overlapping basic service sets. Additional bits may be necessary to distinguish BSSs in dense implementations.
• 2) The TXOP subfield should total at least 10 bits. The TXOP subfield indicates the approximate duration of a transmission to allow non-transmitting UEs to sleep to save power. The TXOP subfield contains a resolution value defined by a number of bits of the at least 10 bits and a duration value based on the resolution value defined by the remaining number of bits of the at least 10 bits. Accordingly, it is not possible to switch a true length of the transmission. However, the granularity of the approximate duration can be improved if more bits are provided to define the resolution value. Accordingly, 12 bits is even better overall.
• 3) The punctured channel subfield should have at least 4 bits and each bit indicates an 80MHz punctured channel, or the punctured channel subfield can have 5 or 6 bits to indicate the global puncture information.
• 4) The EHT-SIG Compression subfield should be 1 bit.
• 5) The reserved bits are 1 or 2 bits depending on the other subfield.

Table 1 U-SIG for Multi-User (MU) PPDU unfield SFD version 1 type 2 version 3 version 4 Version identifier 3 3 3 3 3 UL/DL 1 1 1 1 1 BSS color >=6 Preferably, 6-8 8th 6 8th 6 TXOP >=7 Preferably, 10-12 10 12 10 12 PPDU BW 3 3 3 3 3 Dotted channel indicator >=4 4 5 6 6 PPDU format 2 2 2 2 2 EHT SIG MCS 3 3 3 3 3 Number of EHT-SIG symbols 5 5 5 5 5 EHT SIG compression >=1 1 1 1 1 Reserved 1 2 1 0 0 CRC in U-SIG 4 4 4 4 4 Tail in U-SIG 6 6 6 6 6 Total >=46 52 52 52 52

The present disclosure provides an indication for a duplicated resource unit (RU) (e.g., a duplicated PPDU) in the 6 GHz band.

To extend the range of 6GHz LPI, multiple duplicated modes are defined for Single User Transmission (SU) with 1 Spatial Stream (SS). Duplication can be applied to 80MHz/160MHz/320MHz channels. The duplication is not specified as a modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The present disclosure contemplates 1) adding no explicit bit to indicate the duplicated transmission; 2) use any existing invalid combination in U-SIG or EHT-SIG to indicate duplicate transmission.

An example of an invalid combination is enabled EHT-SIG compression in a trigger-based (TB) high-efficiency (HE) PPDU. That is, setting the PPDU format to indicate a TB PPDU transmission while EHT-SIG compression is enabled can be used to indicate the double transmission.

As another example, double transmission can be indicated by setting DL/UL to UL and setting the EHT-SIG MCS to the highest MCS.

The present disclosure also provides a combined PPDU bandwidth (BW) and puncturing indication in the U-SIG field.

The current U-SIG uses 3 bits to indicate the PPDU BW and an additional 4 or 6 bits to indicate the puncturing information.

The present disclosure provides a way to encode the PPDU-BW and the puncturing information together. As shown in Table 2, considering all PPDU BW with and without puncturing, there are 39 options in total. The 39 options can be specified with only 6 bits. That is, each option is assigned a predetermined or unique 6-bit binary value.

Even taking future-proofing into account and leaving more room for future versions, 7 bits should be sufficient.

Table 2 Co-encoded BW and puncturing subfield PPDU without punctuation 20 6 opts 40 80 160 320 high 320 Low 80MHz PPDU 20MHz punctured 3 opts 160MHz PPDU 40MHz punctured 3 opts 20MHz punctured 7 opts 320MHz PPDU 80MHz punctured 3 opts 40MHz punctured 7 opts 80+40MHz punctured 10 opts overall combinations 39 opts

2 10 shows a flow chart of an illustrative process 200 for a display in a system having a 6 GHz band (eg, EHT), according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

In block 202, a device (e.g., the AP 102 of 1 ) detect a frame containing one or more indications associated with a system using a 6 GHz band.

In block 204, the device may cause the frame to be sent to a first one of one or more station devices.

It should be understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting.

3 FIG. 3 shows a functional diagram of an example communication station 300, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment 3 10 is a functional block diagram of a communication station configured for use as AP 102 ( 1 ) or as user device 120 ( 1 ) may be suitable. The communication station 300 can also be used as a handheld device, mobile device, cellular phone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop, portable computing device, femtocell, HDR subscriber station (High Data Rate), access point, access terminal or other PCS (Personal Communication System) device.

The communication station 300 may include communication circuitry 302 and a transceiver 310 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 301 . The communications circuitry 302 may include circuitry that may operate physical layer (PHY) communications and/or medium access control (MAC) communications to control access to the wireless medium and/or any other communications layers to transmit and receive signals . The communication station 300 may also include processing circuitry 306 and memory 308 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, communication circuitry 302 and processing circuitry 306 may be configured to perform the operations described in the figures, diagrams, and flows above.

According to some embodiments, the communication circuitry 302 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communication over the wireless medium. Communication circuitry 302 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. Communications circuitry 302 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, up/down conversion, filtering, amplification, and so on. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 306 of communication station 300 may include one or more processors. In other embodiments, two or more antennas 301 may be coupled to communication circuitry 302, arranged to transmit and receive signals. Memory 308 may store information for configuring processing circuitry 306 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and for performing the various operations described herein. Memory 308 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, to store information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, memory 308 may include a computer readable storage device, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media.

In some embodiments, the communication station 300 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless phone, a smartphone, a wireless headsets, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (eg, a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a portable computing device, or any other device that receives information wirelessly and/or can send.

In some embodiments, the communication station 300 can include one or more antennas 301 . The antennas 301 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmitting RF signals. In some embodiments, a single multi-aperture antenna may be used instead of two or more antennas. In these embodiments, each aperture can be viewed as a separate antenna. In some multiple input multiple output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated because of the spatial diversity and different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.

In some embodiments, the communication station 300 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other elements of the mobile device. The display can be an LCD screen including a touch screen.

Although the communication station 300 is illustrated as multiple separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements can be combined and implemented through combinations of software configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application Specific Integ rated circuits), RFICs (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuits to perform at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements of communication station 300 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device and readable and executable by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory storage mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). A computer-readable storage medium may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory media, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, communication station 300 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device.

4 4 shows a block diagram of an example of a machine 400 or system upon which one or more of the techniques (eg, methodologies) discussed herein may be implemented. In other embodiments, machine 400 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (eg, networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, machine 400 can operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In one example, machine 400 may operate as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments. The machine 400 can be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, a portable computing device, a web appliance, a network router , a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) specifying actions to be performed by that machine, such as a base station. Although only a single machine is depicted, the term "machine" is also intended to include any collection of machines that individually or collectively execute a set (or sets) of instructions to perform one or more of the methods described herein, such as Cloud Computing, Software as a Service (SaaS) or other computer cluster configurations.

Examples as described herein may include or operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible units (e.g. hardware) that are able to carry out certain operations during operation. A module includes hardware. In one example, the hardware may be specifically configured to perform a particular operation (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuitry, etc.) and a computer-readable medium bearing instructions, the instructions configuring the execution units to operate in a specific manner. The configuration can be done under the direction of the execution units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operational. In this example, the execution units may be a member of more than one module. For example, the execution units may be operationally configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second time.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 400 may include a hardware processor 402 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), main memory 404, and static storage 406, some or all of which may be can communicate with each other via an interconnect (eg, a bus) 408 . Device 400 may further include a power management device 432, a graphics display device 410, an alphanumeric input device 412 (eg, a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 414 (eg, a mouse). In one example, the graphic display device 410, the alphanumeric input device 412, and the UI navigation device 414 may be a touchscreen display. The device 400 may additionally include a storage device (ie, a drive unit) 416, a signal generating device 418 (e.g., a speaker), a 6 GHz display device 419, a network interface device/transceiver 420 coupled to antenna(s) 430, and one or more sensors 428, such as a GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor, a com pass, an accelerometer or other sensor. Device 400 may include an output controller 434, such as a serial (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection, to communicate with one or more peripheral devices (eg, a printer, card reader, etc.).) The operations according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure may be performed by a baseband processor. The baseband processor can be configured to generate corresponding baseband signals. The baseband processor may further include physical layer (PHY) and middle access control (MAC) layer circuitry and may further interface with the hardware processor 402 for generating and processing the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the main memory 404, storage device 416, and/or of the display in the 6 GHz device 419 . The baseband processor may reside on a single radio card, chip, or integrated circuit (IC).

Storage device 416 may include a machine-readable medium 422 storing one or more sets of data structures or instructions 424 (e.g., software) embodying or used by one or more techniques or functions described herein. Instructions 424 may also reside in whole or in part in main memory 404, static storage 406, or hardware processor 402 when executed by machine 400. In one example, one or any combination of hardware processor 402, main memory 404, static memory 406, or storage device 416 may constitute a machine-readable medium.

Display device 419 may execute or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., process 200) described and shown above.

It should be understood that the above is only a subset of what display device 419 may be configured to perform, and that other functions included in the present disclosure may also be performed by display device 419.

While the machine-readable medium 422 is depicted as a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) capable of storing the one or more instructions 424 are configured.

Various embodiments may be implemented in full or in part in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions embodied in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. These instructions can then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable the operations described herein to be performed. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as, but not limited to, source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such computer-readable medium may include any tangible, non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as, but not limited to, read-only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.

The term “machine-readable medium” may include any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by engine 400 that cause engine 400 to perform one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media can include solid-state memory, optical, and magnetic media. In one example, a bulk machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium having a plurality of particles of mass at rest. Specific examples of machine-readable mass media may include non-volatile memory such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices, magnetic disks such as internal and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

Instructions 424 may also be transmitted over a communications network 426 using a transmission medium via network interface device/transceiver 420 using any of a number of transmission protocols (e.g., Frame Relay, Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol ( UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.) are transmitted or received. Examples of communication networks can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g. the Internet), mobile networks (e.g. cellular networks), plain old telephone networks (POTS), wireless data networks (e.g. IEEE 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In one example, network interface device/transceiver 420 may include one or more physical jacks (eg, Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas for connection to communications network 426 . In one example, the network interface device/transceiver 420 may include a plurality of antennas to communicate wirelessly using at least one of the techniques single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single output (MISO) is used. The term "transmission medium" includes any intangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or transporting instructions for execution by the machine 400, and includes digital or analog communication signals or other intangible media to enable the communication of such software to facilitate.

The operations and processes described and shown above may be performed or performed in any suitable order as desired in different implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be performed in parallel. Additionally, fewer or more operations than described may be performed in particular implementations.

5 10 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 105A, 105B, according to some embodiments, implemented in one of example AP 100 and/or example STA 102 of FIG 1 can be implemented. The radio architecture 105A, 105B may include radio front end module (FEM) circuitry 504a-b, radio IC circuitry 506a-b, and baseband processing circuitry 508a-b. The illustrated radio architecture 105A, 105B includes both WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and Bluetooth (BT) functionality, although the embodiments are not so limited. In the present disclosure, “WLAN” and “Wi-Fi” are used interchangeably.

The FEM circuitry 504a-b may include WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry 504a and Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuitry 504b. The WiFi FEM circuitry 504a may include a receive signal path that includes circuitry configured to operate on WiFi RF signals received from one or more antennas 501 to amplify the received signals and the to provide amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuit 506a for further processing. BT FEM circuitry 504b may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 501 to amplify and amplify the received signals deliver the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuit 506b for further processing. The FEM circuitry 504a may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 506a for wireless transmission through one or more of the antennas 501 will. Additionally, the FEM circuitry 504b may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals transmitted by the radio IC circuitry 506b for wireless transmission by the one or more Antennas are provided. In the embodiment of 5 Although FEM 504a and FEM 504b are shown as separate, embodiments are not so limited and include within their scope the use of a FEM (not shown) having a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuits, wherein at least some of the FEM circuits share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.

The illustrated radio IC circuit 506a-b may include a WLAN radio IC circuit 506a and a BT radio IC circuit 506b. WLAN radio IC circuitry 506a may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry for down-converting WLAN RF signals received from FEM circuitry 504a and providing baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 508a. In turn, the BT radio IC circuit 506b can provide a receive signal path which may include circuitry for down-converting the BT RF signals received from FEM circuitry 504b and providing baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 508b. WiFi radio IC circuitry 506a may also include a transmit signal path that includes circuitry for upconverting WiFi baseband signals provided by WiFi baseband processing circuitry 508a and providing WiFi RF output signals to the FEM Circuitry 504a for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 501 may include. BT radio IC circuitry 506b may also include a transmit signal path that includes circuitry for upconverting BT baseband signals provided by BT baseband processing circuitry 508b and providing BT RF output signals to the FEM Circuitry 504b for subsequent wireless transmission through the one or more antennas 501 may include. In the embodiment of 5 Although radio IC circuits 506a and 506b are shown as separate from one another, the embodiments are not so limited and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuit (not shown) having a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuits in which at least some of the radio IC circuits have transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals share.

The baseband processing circuitry 508a-b may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 508a and a BT baseband processing circuitry 508b. WLAN baseband processing circuitry 508a may include memory, such as a set of RAM arrays in a Fast Fourier Transform or Inverse Fourier Transform block (not shown) of WLAN baseband processing circuitry 508a. Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 508a and the BT baseband circuitry 508b may further include one or more processors and control logic to route the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuits 506a-b process and also to generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuits 506a-b. Each of the baseband processing circuitry 508a and 508b may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry and may further interface to apparatus for generating and processing the baseband signals and for controlling the operations of the radio IC circuit 506a-b.

Still referring to 5 , according to the embodiment shown, WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 513 may include logic that provides an interface between WLAN baseband circuitry 508a and BT baseband circuitry 508b to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence. In addition, a switch 503 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 504a and the BT FEM circuitry 504b to enable switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs. Although antennas 501 are shown connected to WLAN FEM circuitry 504a and BT FEM circuitry 504b, respectively, embodiments include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas between the WLAN and BT FEMs or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of the FEMs 504a or 504b.

In some embodiments, front-end module circuitry 504a-b, radio IC circuitry 506a-b, and baseband processing circuitry 508a-b may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 502. In some other embodiments, the one or more antennas 501, FEM circuitry 504a-b, and radio IC circuitry 506a-b may reside on a single radio card. In some other embodiments, radio IC circuitry 506a-b and baseband processing circuitry 508a-b may be provided on a single chip or an integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 512.

In some embodiments, the wireless radio card 502 may include a WLAN radio card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communication, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. In some of these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDMA) communication signals over a multi-carrier communication channel. The OFDM or OFDMA signals can contain a multiplicity of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some of these multi-carrier embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be part of a wireless communication station (STA), such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station, or a mobile device that includes a Wi-Fi device. In some of these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B can be configured to transmit signals according to certain communication standards and/or protocols such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including 802.1 In-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, 802.11ac, 802.1 Iah, 802.11ad, 802.11 ay and/or 802.11ax, and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in these respects. The radio architecture 105A, 105B may also be capable of sending and/or receiving communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured for high efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) communication according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In these embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some other embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques, such as spread spectrum modulation (eg, direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time division multiplex (TDM) modulation and/or frequency division multiplex (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in these respects.

In some embodiments, as in 6 Further shown, the BT baseband circuitry 508b may be compliant with a Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standard, such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 8.0, or Bluetooth 6.0, or another iteration of the Bluetooth standard.

In some embodiments, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may include other radios, such as a cellular radio configured for cellular (e.g., 5GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, or 7G communications).

In some embodiments of IEEE 802.11, the radio architecture 105A, 105B may be configured to communicate over various channel bandwidths, including bandwidths with center frequencies of about 900MHz, 2.4GHz, 5GHz and bandwidths of about 2MHz, 4MHz, 5MHz, 5.5MHz, 6MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz, 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz (with contiguous bandwidths) or 80+80MHz (160MHz) (with noncontiguous bandwidths). In some embodiments, a channel bandwidth of 920MHz may be used. However, the scope of the embodiments is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies.

6 12 shows WLAN FEM circuitry 504a in accordance with some embodiments. Although the example of 6 described in connection with WLAN FEM circuitry 504a, the example of FIG 6 in conjunction with the example BT FEM circuit 504b ( 5 ) are described, although other circuit configurations may be appropriate.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 504a may include a TX/RX switch 602 for switching between transmit and receive operations. The FEM circuit 504a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of FEM circuitry 504a may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 606 to amplify received RF signals 603 and provide the amplified received RF signals 607 as an output (e.g., to radio IC circuitry 506a-b ( 5 )). The transmit signal path of circuitry 504a may include a power amplifier (PA) for amplifying the input RF signals 609 (e.g., provided by radio IC circuitry 506a-b) and one or more filters 612, such as bandpass filters (BPFs), lowpass filters (LPFs ) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 615 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 501 ( 5 )) via an example duplexer 614 included.

In some dual-mode embodiments for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuitry 504a can be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum. In these embodiments, the receive signal path of FEM circuitry 504a may include a receive signal path duplexer 604 to separate the signals from each spectrum, as well as provide a separate LNA 606 for each spectrum, as shown. In these embodiments, the transmit signal path of the FEM circuit 504a may also include a power amplifier 610 and a filter 612, such as a BPF, an LPF, or other type of filter for each frequency spectrum, and a transmit signal path duplexer 604 to convert the signals of one of the different to provide spectra on a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 501 ( 5 ). in one According to embodiments, the BT communication can use the 2.4 GHz signal paths and use the same FEM circuit 504a as that used for the WLAN communication.

7 FIG. 5 shows the radio IC circuit 506a according to some embodiments. The radio IC circuit 506a is an example of a circuit designed for use as a WLAN or BT radio IC circuit 506a/506b ( 5 ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of 7 be described in connection with the example BT radio IC circuit 506b.

In some embodiments, the radio IC circuit 506a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The received signal path of the radio IC circuit 506a may include at least one mixer circuit 702 such as a down-conversion mixer circuit, an amplifier circuit 706 and a filter circuit 708 . The transmit signal path of the radio IC circuit 506a may include at least a filter circuit 712 and a mixer circuit 714, such as an up-conversion mixer circuit. The radio IC circuit 506a may also include a synthesizer circuit 704 for synthesizing a frequency 705 for use by the mixer circuit 702 and the mixer circuit 714 . The mixer circuitry 702 and/or 714 may be configured to provide direct conversion functionality, according to some embodiments. The latter type of circuit represents a much simpler architecture compared to standard superheterodyne mixer circuits and any flicker noise caused by them can be mitigated by using OFDM modulation, for example. 7 Figure 12 shows only a simplified version of a radio integrated circuit and, although not shown, may include embodiments where each of the circuits shown may include more than one component. For example, mixer circuitry 714 may each include one or more mixers, and filter circuitry 708 and/or 712 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs, as appropriate to the application. For example, if the mixer circuits are of the direct conversion type, they may each contain two or more mixers.

In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 702 may be configured to combine the FEM circuitry 504a-b ( 5 ) down-converts received RF signals 607 based on the synthesized frequency 705 provided by the synthesizer circuit 704 . Amplifier circuit 706 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and filter circuit 708 may include an LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to produce output baseband signals 707 . The output baseband signals 707 may be sent to processing circuitry 508a-b ( ) for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals 707 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 702 may include passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 714 may be configured to upconvert input baseband signals 711 based on synthesized frequency 705 provided by synthesizer circuit 704 to generate RF output signals 609 for FEM circuitry 504a-b . The baseband signals 711 may be provided by baseband processing circuitry 508a-b and filtered by filter circuitry 712. The filter circuit 712 may include an LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 702 and mixer circuit 714 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion using synthesizer 704 . In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 702 and mixer circuitry 714 may each include two or more mixers, each configured for frame suppression (e.g., Hartley frame suppression). In some embodiments, mixer circuit 702 and mixer circuit 714 may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 702 and mixer circuit 714 may be configured for super heterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.

The mixer circuit 702 may include, according to one embodiment: passive quadrature mixers (eg, for the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths). In such an embodiment, it can RF input signal 607 off 7 downconverted to provide I and Q baseband output signals which are sent to the baseband processor

Passive quadrature mixers can be driven by zero and ninety degree time varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuit, which can be configured to receive a LO frequency (fLO) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as e.g. the LO frequency 705 of the synthesizer 704 ( 7 ). In some embodiments, the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (eg, half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the time-varying zero and ninety degree switching signals may be synthesizer generated, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of a period that the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between the starting points of the period). In some embodiments, the LO signals may have an 85% duty cycle and an 80% offset. In some embodiments, each leg of the mixer circuit (e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) paths) can operate with an 80% duty cycle, which can result in a significant reduction in power consumption.

The RF input signal 607 ( 6 ) may contain a balanced signal, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. The I and Q baseband output signals can be fed to a low-noise amplifier, such as the amplifier circuit 706 ( 7 ), or a filter circuit 708 ( 7 ) are supplied.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals 707 and the input baseband signals 711 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signals 707 and the input baseband signals 711 may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuit may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum or for other spectrums not mentioned here, without limiting the scope of the embodiments in this regard.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 704 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. Circuit 704 may be, for example, a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a phase-locked loop synthesizer with a frequency divider. According to some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 704 may include digital synthesizer circuitry. An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuit is that while it may still contain some analog components, its footprint is much smaller than the footprint of an analog synthesizer circuit. In some embodiments, the frequency input to synthesizer circuitry 704 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although this is not a requirement. A divider control input may also be provided by baseband processing circuitry 508a-b ( 5 ) may be provided, depending on the desired output frequency 705. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a lookup table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and channel center frequency, as by the example application processor 510 determined or specified. The application processor 510 may include or be otherwise connected to one of the example backup signal converters 101 or the example receive signal converter 103 (eg, depending on which device the example radio architecture is implemented in).

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 704 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 705, while in other embodiments the output frequency 705 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 705 may be a LO frequency (fLO).

8th FIG. 5 shows a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 508a according to some embodiments. Baseband processing circuit 508a is an example of a circuit that can be used as baseband processing circuit 508a ( 5 ) may be suitable, although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of 7 be used to illustrate the example of the BT baseband processing circuit 508b of FIG 5 to implement.

Baseband processing circuitry 508a may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 802 for processing receive baseband signals 709 received from radio IC circuitry 506a-b ( 5 ) are provided, and include a transmit baseband processor (TXBBP) 804 for generating transmit baseband signals 711 for radio IC circuitry 506a-b. The baseband processing circuitry 508a may also include control logic 806 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 508a.

In some embodiments (e.g., when analog baseband signals are exchanged between processing circuitry 508a-b and radio IC circuitry 506a-b), processing circuitry 508a may include an ADC 810 to convert analog baseband signals 809 transmitted by radio IC circuitry 506a-b. Circuitry 506a-b to convert to digital baseband signals for processing by RX BBP 802. In these embodiments, the processing circuitry 508a may also include a DAC 812 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 804 to analog baseband signals 811 .

In some embodiments that transmit OFDM signals or OFDMA signals, such as by baseband processor 508a, transmit baseband processor 804 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDMA signals suitable for transmission by performs an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The receive baseband processor 802 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT. In some embodiments, the receive baseband processor 802 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing auto-correlation to detect a preamble, eg, a short preamble, and by cross-correlation performs to detect a long preamble. The preambles may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communications.

Back to 5 : In some embodiments, the antennas 501 ( 6 ) each include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmitting RF signals. In some multiple input multiple output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas can be effectively separated to take advantage of the spatial diversity and different channel characteristics that can result. The antennas 501 may each comprise a set of phased array antennas, although embodiments are not so limited.

Although the radio architecture 105A, 105B is illustrated as several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements can be combined and implemented through combinations of software configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuits to perform at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. As used herein, the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device,” and “user equipment” (UE) refer to a wireless communications device such as a cellular phone, smartphone, tablet, netbook, wireless terminal, laptop, femtocell, HDR (High Data Rate) subscriber station, access point, printer, point of sale device, access terminal or other Personal Communication System (PCS) device. The device can be either mobile or stationary.

As used in this document, the term “communicate” is intended to include sending or receiving, or both sending and receiving. This can be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data being sent by one device and received by another, but only requiring the functionality of one of those devices for the claim to violate. Similarly, the bi-directional exchange of data between two devices (both devices send and receive during the exchange) can be described as "communicating" when only the functionality of one of these devices is claimed. The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes sending the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit capable of transmitting a wireless communication signal, a wireless transmitter for sending the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit and/or a wireless communication receiver for receiving the wireless communication signal by at least one other wireless communication unit.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc. to describe a common object merely indicates that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and is not intended imply that the objects so described must be in a particular order, either temporally, spatially, in order of precedence, or in some other way.

The term Access Point (AP) as used herein may mean a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be referred to as a mobile station, user equipment (UE), wireless communication, or other similar terminology known in the art. The embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks operating in accordance with any of the IEEE 802.11 standards.

Some embodiments may be used in connection with various devices and systems, such as a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, an in-vehicle device , a non-vehicle device, a mobile or handheld device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router , a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless network, a wireless video network (WVAN), a local network (LAN), wireless LAN (WLAN), personal area network (PAN), wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in connection with one-way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radiotelephone communication systems, a cellular telephone, a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Personal Communication System (PCS) device, a PDA device that uses a wireless communication device, a mobile or handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device containing a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device containing an RFID element or chip , a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transceiver or device, a SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output) transceiver or device, a MISO transceiver or device (Multiple input single output), a device with one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) devices or systems, multistandard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless ose handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in connection with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems that obey one or more wireless communication protocols, eg, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM ( OFDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, Single -Carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Disc rete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 2G, 2. 5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation cellular networks (5G), 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or similar. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.

The following examples relate to further embodiments.

Example 1 may include circuitry configured to operate in an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN), the circuitry including a processor coupled to a memory configured to: process a frame of a protocol data unit of the physical layer (PPDU) containing universal signaling content (U-SIG) associated with an ultra-high throughput (EHT) WLAN system; and causes the PPDU frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices.

Example 2 may include the circuitry of Example 1 and/or any other example herein, wherein the U-SIG content includes one or more advertisements including a Basic Service Set (BSS) color advertisement and a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) advertisement.

Example 3 may include the circuitry of Example 2 and/or another example herein, where the processor is configured to use the 6-8 bit Basic Service Set (BSS) color indication and the Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) indication with 10-12 bits determined.

Example 4 may include the circuitry of Example 2 and/or any other example herein, wherein the one or more indicators further include a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indicator.

Example 5 may include the circuitry of example 4 and/or another example herein, wherein the processor is configured to determine the jointly encoded 6-7 bit bandwidth and puncturing indication to provide a code value from a set of predetermined unique code values , wherein each code value of the set of predetermined unique code values is associated with a respective bandwidth and puncturing combination.

Example 6 may include apparatus of an access point (AP) device configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 network, the device comprising: the circuitry of any of examples 1-5.

Example 7 may include circuitry configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN), the circuitry including a processor coupled to memory, the processor configured to: cause receiving a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame from an access point (AP) device configured to operate in an IEEE 802.11 network; and determine the PPDU frame containing universal signaling content (U-SIG) associated with an EHT WLAN system.

Example 8 may include the circuitry of Example 7 and/or any other example herein, where the U-SIG content includes one or more indicators, including a Basic Service Set (BSS) color indicator and a Sending Opportunity (TXOP) indicator.

Example 9 may include the circuitry of Example 8 and/or another example herein, where the processor is configured to use the 6-8 bit Basic Service Set (BSS) color indication and the Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) indication with 10-12 bits extracted.

Example 10 may include the circuitry of Example 8 and/or any other example herein, wherein the one or more indicators further include a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indicator.

Example 11 may include the circuitry of Example 10 and/or any other example herein, wherein the processor is configured to extract the 6-7 bit jointly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indication to derive a code value from a set of predetermined unique code values detect, each code value of the set of predetermined unique code values being associated with a respective bandwidth and puncturing combination.

Example 12 may include an IEEE 802.11 communications terminal apparatus, the apparatus including a radio frequency (RF) interface and the circuitry of any of Examples 7-11.

Example 13 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an access point (AP) device, are capable of operating in an IEEE wireless local area network (WLAN). 802.11, result in performing operations comprising: detecting a PPDU frame containing U-SIG content associated with an EHT WLAN system; and causing the one or more station devices to transmit the PPDU frame to a first station device.

Example 14 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of Example 13 and/or any other example herein, wherein the U-SIG content includes one or more indications including a Basic Service Set (BSS) color indication and a Sending Opportunity (TXOP) indication.

Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of Example 14 and/or another example herein that further includes instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, result in the performance of operations, including: determining the Basic Service Set (BSS) color indication with 6-8 bits and the Sending Opportunity (TXOP) indication with 10-12 bits.

Example 16 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of Example 14 and/or any other example herein, wherein the one or more indications further include a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indication.

Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 16 further including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, result in the performance of operations comprising: determining the commonly encoded bandwidth and A 6-7 bit puncturing indication for providing a code value from a set of predetermined unique code values, each code value of the set of predetermined unique code values being associated with a respective bandwidth and puncturing combination.

Example 18 may include a method of an access point (AP) device configured to operate in an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN), including: detecting a PPDU frame having U-SIG content, corresponding to an EHT -WLAN system assigned by one or more processors; and causing the one or more station devices to transmit the PPDU frame to a first station device.

Example 19 may comprise the method of claim 18 and/or any other example herein, wherein the U-SIG content includes one or more indications including a BSS (Basic Service Set) color and a TXOP (Transmission Opportunity).

Example 20 may include the method of Example 19 and/or any other example described herein, wherein the one or more indications further include an encoded bandwidth and puncturing indication together.

Example 21 may include an apparatus that includes processing circuitry coupled to a memory, the processing circuitry configured to: determine a frame that includes one or more indicia associated with 6 GHz; and causes the frame to be sent to a first station device of one or more station devices.

Example 22 may include the device of Example 21 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more indications include U-SIG content.

Example 23 may include the device of example 21 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more indicators include a basic service set (BSS) color and a transmission opportunity (TXOP).

Example 24 may include the device of Example 21 and/or any other example herein that further includes a transceiver configured to transmit and receive radio signals.

Example 25 may include the device of Example 24 and/or any other example herein that further includes an antenna coupled to the transceiver to cause the frame to be transmitted.

Example 26 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, result in the performance of operations, including: determining a frame containing one or more statements beginning with 6 GHz connected; and causing the one or more station equipment to transmit the frame to a first station equipment.

Example 27 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of Example 26 and/or any other example herein, wherein the one or more indications include U-SIG content.

Example 28 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 26 and/or any other example herein, wherein the one or more indications include a Basic Service Set (BSS) color and a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP).

Example 29 may include a method, including: determining, by one or more processors, a frame containing one or more indications associated with 6 GHz; and causing the one or more station equipment to transmit the frame to a first station equipment.

Example 30 may include the method of Example 29 and/or any other example herein, wherein the one or more indications include U-SIG content.

Example 31 may include the method of example 29 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more indicators include a basic service set (BSS) color and a transmission opportunity (TXOP).

Example 32 may include an apparatus that includes means for: determining a frame that includes one or more indicators associated with 6GHz; and causing the frame to be sent to a first one of one or more of the station equipment.

Example 33 may include the device of Example 32 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more indications include U-SIG content.

Example 34 may include the device of Example 32 and/or another example herein, wherein the one or more indicators include a Basic Service Set (BSS) color and a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP).

Example 35 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing instructions for causing an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in any of Examples 21 -34 or refers to any of these examples, or any other method or process described herein.

Example 36 may include an apparatus that includes logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of Examples 21-34, or any other method or process described herein .

Example 37 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of Examples 21-34, or portions or portions thereof.

Example 38 may include an apparatus, comprising: one or more processors, and one or more computer-readable media containing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method to perform the technique or process described in or associated with any of Examples 21-34, or portions thereof.

Example 39 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

Example 40 may include a system for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

Example 41 may include a device for providing wireless communications as shown and described herein.

Embodiments according to the disclosure are disclosed in particular in the appended claims directed to a method, a storage medium, an apparatus and a computer program product, wherein each feature mentioned in one claim category, eg method, is also claimed in another claim category, eg system can. The dependencies or dependencies in the appended claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter can also be claimed that results from a deliberate reference back to any preceding claims (in particular multiple dependencies), so that any combinations of claims and their features are disclosed and can be claimed independently of the dependencies selected in the appended claims. The claimable subject-matter includes not only the combinations of features recited in the appended claims, but also any other combination of features in the claims, and any feature recited in the claims may be combined with any other feature or combination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, each of the embodiments and features described or illustrated herein may be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or illustrated herein or with any of the features of the appended claims.

The foregoing description of one or more embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the various embodiments.

Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, devices, and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagram and flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the block diagram and flowchart, may be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Also, some blocks of the block diagrams and flowcharts do not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or, according to some implementations, need not be performed at all.

These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special purpose computer or other specified machine, processor or other programmable computing device to create a specified machine such that the instructions executed on the computer, processor or other programmable computing device provide means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or memory capable of instructing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture that includes instruction means that a or implement multiple functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. As an example, certain implementations may provide a computer program product that includes a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, the computer-readable program code being adapted to be executed to produce one or more flowchart blocks or to implement functions specified in flowchart blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions, executing on the computer or other programmable device, provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowcharts support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It is also understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowcharts, may be implemented by specific hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements, or steps, or combinations of specific hardware and computer instructions.

Conditional expressions such as "may," "could," "might," or "may," unless expressly stated otherwise or understood otherwise in the context, are generally intended to convey that certain implementations may include certain features, elements, and/or operations, while other implementations do not include them. Therefore, such conditional language is generally not intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required of one or more implementations, or that one or more implementations necessarily contain logic to decide with or without user input or prompting whether those features, elements, and/or operations are included or intended to be performed in a particular implementation.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will become apparent having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a general and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• US63/056021 [0001]

Claims (10)

A circuit configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN), the circuit comprising a processor coupled to a memory, the processor configured to: determine a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame comprising universal signaling content (U-SIG) associated with an ultra-high throughput (EHT) WLAN system, and to cause the PPDU frame to be sent to a first station equipment of one or more station equipments. The circuit after claim 1 wherein the U-SIG content includes one or more indications including a BSS (Basic Service Set) color indication and a TXOP (Transmit Opportunity) indication; optionally wherein the processor is configured to determine the 6-8 bit Basic Service Set (BSS) color indication and the 10-12 bit Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) indication; and/or optionally wherein the one or more indicators further comprise a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indicator; further optionally wherein the processor is configured to determine the jointly encoded 6-7 bit bandwidth and puncturing indication to provide a code value from a set of predetermined unique code values, each code value of the set of predetermined unique code values being associated with a respective bandwidth and puncturing combination is. An access point (AP) device configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 network, the device comprising: the circuitry of any one of Claims 1 or 2 . A circuit configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN), the circuit comprising a processor coupled to a memory, the processor configured to: cause a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) frame to be received by an access point (AP) device configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 network; and determine that the PPDU frame includes universal signaling content (U-SIG) associated with an EHT WLAN system. The circuit after claim 4 wherein the U-SIG content includes one or more indicators including a Basic Service Set (BSS) color indicator and a Sending Opportunity indicator (TXOP); optionally wherein the processor is configured to extract the 6-8 bit Basic Service Set (BSS) color indication and the 10-12 bit Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) indication; and/or optionally wherein the one or more indicators further comprise a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indicator; further optionally wherein the processor is configured to extract the jointly encoded 6-7 bit bandwidth and puncturing indication to determine a code value from a set of predetermined unique code values, each code value of the set of predetermined unique code values having a respective bandwidth and punctuation combination is connected. Device of an IEEE 802.11 communication terminal, the device containing a radio frequency (RF) interface, the circuit according to any one of Claims 4 or 5 is working. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an access point (AP) device configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN), to perform operations that include detecting a PPDU frame with U-SIG content associated with an EHT WLAN system; and causing the one or more station devices to send the PPDU frame to a first station device. The non-transitory computer-readable medium claim 7 wherein the U-SIG content includes one or more indications including a BSS (Basic Service Set) color indication and a TXOP (Transmission Opportunity) indication; optionally wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, result in the performance of operations involving determining the 6-8 bit Basic Service Set (BSS) color indication and the opportunity to send (TXOP) display with 10-12 bits include; and/or optionally wherein the one or more indicators further comprise a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indicator; and/or wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further optionally further comprises instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, result in the performance of operations involving determining the commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indication with 6-7 Bits comprise to provide a code value from a set of predetermined unique code values, each code value of the set of predetermined unique code values being associated with a respective combination of bandwidth and puncturing. A method of an access point (AP) device configured to operate on an IEEE 802.11 wireless network (WLAN), comprising: detecting, by one or more processors, a PPDU frame comprising U-SIG content associated with an EHT WLAN system; and causing the one or more station devices to send the PPDU frame to a first station device. The procedure after claim 9 wherein the U-SIG content includes one or more indications including a Basic Service Set (BSS) color and a Sending Opportunity (TXOP); optionally wherein the one or more indicators further include a commonly encoded bandwidth and puncturing indicator.

Images