DE102024104659A1 - TIRES - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to improve durability of an electronic component (34) during driving, the electronic component (34) being mounted on a tire (1). A tire (1) is provided which comprises a tread portion (4), a carcass layer (32), a bead portion (2) composed of a bead stapex (22) and a bead core (21), and a clinch (23), wherein an electronic component (34) is provided between the carcass layer (32) and the clinch (23) and a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead stapex (22) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch (23) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a length L (mm) of the electronic component (34) in a longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 1,(70°C−tanδBA+70°C−tanδCA)×L≤30

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a tire in which an electronic component, such as an RFID, is embedded.

Description of the state of the art

In recent years, it has been proposed to embed an electronic component such as a radio-frequency identification (RFID) transponder (hereinafter, the transponder is also referred to simply as “RFID”) in a tire for the intended purpose of recording information during manufacture/shipment of a tire, information during driving, and the like, and performing communication with the outside (see, for example, PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2021-506676 , PCT Japanese translation Patent Publication No. 2021-514891 , Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2021-084510 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2021-127114 ).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, in a case where an electronic component is embedded on an inner side of an unvulcanized tire and then integrated with the tire, there is a risk that peeling occurs between the electronic component and a rubber member due to an impact load during driving and then durability of the electronic component during driving is deteriorated.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to improve the durability of an electronic component during driving, the electronic component being mounted on a tire.

• einen Laufflächenabschnitt;
• eine Karkassenschicht;
• einen Wulstabschnitt, der aus einem Wulstapex und einem Wulstkern aufgebaut ist; und
• einen Clinch,
• wobei eine elektronische Komponente zwischen der Karkassenschicht und dem Clinch vorgesehen ist, und
• ein Verlusttangens 70 °C-tanδBA des Wulstapex, der in einem Zugverformungsmodus unter Bedingungen einer Temperatur von 70 °C, einer Frequenz von 10 Hz, einer Anfangsdehnung von 5 % und einer dynamischen Dehnungsrate von 1 % gemessen wird, ein Verlusttangens 70 °C-tanδCA des Clinches, der in einem Zugverformungsmodus unter Bedingungen einer Temperatur von 70 °C, einer Frequenz von 10 Hz, einer Anfangsdehnung von 5 % und einer dynamischen Dehnungsrate von 1 % gemessen wird, und eine Länge L (mm) der elektronischen Komponente in einer Längsrichtung den folgenden Ausdruck 1 erfüllen, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{L}\le 30$$
  

The present invention is
A tire that includes:

• a tread section;
• a carcass layer;
• a bead portion composed of a bead apex and a bead core; and
• a clinch,
• wherein an electronic component is provided between the carcass layer and the clinch, and
• a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead tapex measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a length L (mm) of the electronic component in a longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 1, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{L}\le 30$$
  

According to the present invention, it is possible to improve durability of an electronic component during driving, the electronic component being mounted on a tire.

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS

• 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a tire according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• 2A and 2B are schematic plan views showing one shape of an electronic component.
• 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embedding position of an electronic component in a comparative example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[1] Properties of tires according to the present invention

First, characteristics of a tire according to the present invention will be described.

1. Overview

The tire according to the present invention is a tire comprising a tread portion, a bead portion composed of a carcass layer, a bead pex and a bead core, and a clinch, wherein an electronic component is provided between the carcass layer and the clinch. In addition, a loss tangent 70°C-tanδBA of the bead pex measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70°C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a loss tangent 70°C-tanδCA of the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70°C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a length L (mm) of the electronic component in a longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 1, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{L}\le 30$$

As will be described later, in a case where these characteristics are provided, it is possible to improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire.

2. Mechanism for showing effect in tires according to the present invention

A mechanism for exhibiting the above-described effect in the tire according to the present invention is assumed as follows.

As described above, in the tire according to the present invention, the electronic component is provided between the carcass layer and the clinch.

The carcass layer is a tire member that forms a skeleton of the tire, and it has a much higher elastic modulus than other tire members. In addition, since the carcass layer that forms the skeleton of the tire is a central part in terms of deformation in a case where the tire is deformed, it is considered that the amount of deformation in the vicinity of the carcass layer during running is small compared with that in the surrounding area.

However, since the clinch is a portion attached to a rim, it is assumed that, similar to the case of the carcass layer, the amount of deformation during driving is small.

Therefore, in a case where the electronic component is provided between the carcass layer and the clinch, the amount of deformation around the electronic component during running can be reduced, whereby it is believed that it is possible to suppress occurrence of peeling of the electronic component in the tire and improve durability of an electronic component during running with the electronic component attached to a tire.

However, the deformation of the clinch occurs during rolling of the tire no matter how small it is. In addition, depending on the degree of deformation, the electronic component may be detached from it, and thus there is a risk that the durability of an electronic component will be deteriorated during driving with the electronic component attached to a tire.

In order to suppress such deformation of the clinch and sufficiently prevent the occurrence of peeling of the electronic component, considering that the bead apex and the clinch are arranged to be close to each other, it is considered that it is necessary to appropriately control the loss tangent (tan δ) of each of the bead apex and the clinch.

That is, the loss tangent (tanδ) is a viscoelastic parameter indicating energy absorption performance, and the larger the value of it is, the more the energy is absorbed and the larger the deformation is. Moreover, in a case where the amount of deformation exceeds the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction, the electronic component is detached from the clinch.

Therefore, in a case where the product of the loss tangent of the clinch and the bead apex and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction can be controlled to be equal to or smaller than a certain value, the concentration of strain at the clinch can be suppressed, and the deformation of the clinch can be suppressed more appropriately. Therefore, it is considered that it is possible to improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire.

Specifically, in a case where control is made such that a product ((70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L) of a sum (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) of a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead apex and a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch, which are measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is 30 or less, it is considered that the deformation of the clinch is appropriately suppressed, whereby it is possible to improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire. The product ((70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L) is more preferably 27.9 or less, even more preferably 27.2 or less, even more preferably 24.0 or less, even more preferably 22.8 or less, even more preferably 21.0 or less, even more preferably 19.0 or less, even more preferably 17.5 or less, and even more preferably 16.5 or less.

As described above, in the tire according to the present invention, the electronic component is provided between the clinch and the carcass layer, which are considered to have a small amount of deformation around the electronic component during running, and the product of the sum of the loss tangent of the bead apex and the clinch and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is appropriately controlled, whereby the deformation of the clinch can be suppressed. As a result, it is considered that the occurrence of the peeling of the electronic component is sufficiently suppressed, whereby it is possible to improve durability of an electronic component during running with the electronic component attached to a tire.

Note that in the above, the loss tangent (tanδ) can be measured, for example, by using a viscoelasticity measuring device such as “EPLEXOR (registered trademark)” manufactured by GABO Co., Ltd.

[2] Further preferred aspect of tires according to the present invention

The tire according to the present invention can achieve a greater effect by using the following aspect.

1. Loss tangent of tread section

In the present invention, a loss tangent 30 °C-tanδTR of the tread portion measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 30 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is preferably 0.25 or less, and more preferably 0.15 or less.

As described above, the loss tangent tanδ is a viscoelastic parameter that indicates the energy absorption performance, and the larger the value of it is, the more the energy can be absorbed. Therefore, in a case of setting the 30 °C tanδTR to a small value in this way, by sufficiently maintaining rigidity of the tread portion during running, it is possible to absorb energy. As a result, it is considered that the occurrence of the deformation in the carcass layer or the clinch is reduced, whereby it is possible to further reduce the amount of deformation around the electronic component, and it is possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during running, the electronic component being mounted on a tire. The loss tangent 30°C-tanδTR is more preferably 0.13 or less.

In this case, a loss tangent 0°C-tanδTR of the tread portion measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 0°C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is more preferably 0.50 or more. In a case of increasing the loss tangent tanδ at a low temperature in this way, it is possible to absorb vibration having a frequency higher than that of rolling on a tire surface during running. Therefore, the amount of deformation around the electronic component is further reduced, whereby it is considered possible to further improve the durability of an electronic component during running with the electronic component mounted on a tire. The loss tangent 0°C-tanδTR is more preferably 0.55 or more, and still more preferably 0.60 or more.

Note that the term "tread portion" is a member in a region constituting a ground contact surface of the tire, and refers to a portion outside, in a tire radial direction, of a member containing a fiber material such as a carcass, a belt layer, or a belt reinforcing layer. The tread portion may be formed of only one layer of a cover rubber layer, or may be formed by providing a rubber base layer on the inside of the cover rubber layer in two layers. Moreover, it may have three layers, or may have four or more layers. In this case, the thickness of the cover rubber layer in the entire tread portion is preferably 10% or more. Note that the thickness of the cover rubber layer in the entire tread portion is more preferably 70% or more.

The thickness of the cover rubber layer and the thickness of the base rubber layer described above can be calculated by adding, in a cross section of the tire cut in the radial direction, the thickness of the cover rubber layer and the thickness of the base rubber layer to the thickness of the tread portion measured in a state where the bead portion is adjusted to have a normal rim width.

Here, the "normal rim" is a rim defined for each tire by a standard in a standards system that includes the standard on which the tire is based. For example, in a case of The Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association, Inc., it refers to a standard rim with respect to the applicable size described in "JATMA YEAR BOOK" (JATMA), in a case of The European Tire and Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO), it refers to "Measuring Rim" described in "STANDARDS MANUAL", or in a case of The Tire and Rim Association, Inc., it refers to "Design Rim" described in "YEAR BOOK" (TRA). Here, JATMA, ETRTO, and TRA are referred to in that order, which follows a standard with respect to an applicable size in a case where there is an applicable size in a case of reference. Furthermore, it refers to a rim capable of subjecting a tire to rim mounting while maintaining an internal pressure in a case where the tire is not defined in the standard, that is, a rim with a smallest rim diameter and then a rim with a narrowest rim width among rims that do not cause air leakage between a rim and a tire.

2. Tire weight and maximum load capacity

In the present invention, a ratio of a tire weight (kg) to a maximum load capacity (kg) of the tire (tire weight/maximum load capacity) is preferably less than 0.0150, more preferably 0.0149 or less, even more preferably 0.0148 or less, even more preferably 0.0146 or less, even more preferably 0.0145 or less, even more preferably 0.0142 or less, even more preferably 0.0140 or less, even more preferably 0.0139 or less, even more preferably 0.0138 or less, even more preferably 0.0136 or less, even more preferably 0.0135 or less, even more preferably 0.0133 or less, even more preferably 0.0132 or less, and even more preferably 0.0131 or less. Compared with the maximum load capacity of the tire, the thickness of the rubber in the tire having a tire weight as described above is relatively thin. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of deformation by sufficiently suppressing a temperature rise of the entire tire, and it is believed that it is possible to further improve the durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire.

It should be noted that the “Tire weight (kg)” above refers to a weight of a simple tire itself, which does not include the weight of the rim.

$$\text{WL}=\mathrm{0,000011}\times \text{V}+100$$

In addition, the “maximum load capacity (kg)” in a case where a tire section width is denoted as Wt (mm), a tire section height is denoted as Ht (mm), and a tire outer diameter is denoted as Dt (mm), which are measured in a normal state, can be determined as WL according to the following expression. Here, the tire section width Wt is a maximum width between outer surfaces of the sidewall excluding a tread or text on a side surface of the tire in a normal state in a case where the tread or text exists thereon. In addition, the tire section height Ht is 1/2 of the difference between the outer diameter of the tire and a nominal rim diameter. $$\text{V}=\left\{{\left(\text{Dt/2}\right)}^2-{\left(\text{Dt}/2-\text{Ht}\right)}^2\right\}\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \text{Wt}$$

$$\text{WL}=0.000011\times \text{V}+100$$

In the above description, the term "normal state" refers to a state in which the tire has undergone rim mounting on the normal rim, a normal internal pressure has been applied, and no load is present. It should be noted that the term "normal internal pressure" means air pressure defined for each tire by each standard in a standard system that includes the standard on which the tire is based, and it refers to "the maximum air pressure" in a case of JATMA, "INFLATION PRESSURE" in a case of ETRTO, or the maximum value described in the table "TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES". Here, JATMA, ETRTO, and TRA are referred to in that order, which follows a standard with respect to an applicable size in a case where there is an applicable size in a case of reference. In a case of a tire not defined in the standard, the normal internal pressure refers to a normal internal pressure (which is 250 KPa or more) with respect to another tire size (which is defined in the standard) described for the normal rim described above as a standard rim. Note that in a case where multiple normal internal pressures of 250 KPa or more are described, reference is made to the minimum value among them.

3. Loss tangent of clinch and length of electronic component in longitudinal direction

It is considered that in a case of appropriately controlling the relationship between the loss tangent of the clinch and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction, the deformation of the clinch is suppressed much more appropriately, thereby making it possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire.

In particular, in a case where a product (70°C-tanδCA × L) of a loss tangent 70°C-tanδCA of the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70°C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is controlled to be 12 or less, it is considered that the deformation of the clinch is more appropriately suppressed, whereby it is possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire. The product (70°C-tanδCA × L) is more preferably 10.8 or less, still more preferably 9.0 or less, still more preferably 7.8 or less, still more preferably 7.5 or less, and even more preferably 6.5 or less.

4. Complex elastic modulus of clinch, loss tangent of bead stapex and length of electronic component in longitudinal direction

Since the complex elastic modulus is a parameter that indicates the stiffness of the rubber layer, it is believed that the deformation of the clinch during driving can be further reduced by increasing the complex elastic modulus of the clinch to increase the stiffness.

Specifically, in a case where a complex elastic modulus 70°C-E*CA (MPa) of the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70°C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is controlled to be 6 MPa or more, it is considered that it is possible to reduce the deformation of the clinch during driving and improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component attached to a tire by suppressing the occurrence of peeling of the electronic component in the tire. The complex elastic modulus 70°C-E*CA thereof is more preferably 8.00 or more, even more preferably 10.00 or more, even more preferably 12.00 or more, and even more preferably 14.00 or more.

In addition, as described above, in a case where the product of the sum of the loss tangent of the bead tapex and the clinch and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is appropriately controlled, the deformation of the clinch can be suppressed. However, in a case where the product of the loss tangent of the bead tapex and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is controlled to be equal to or smaller than a certain value, the concentration of strain at the clinch can be further suppressed, whereby the deformation of the clinch can be more appropriately suppressed. Therefore, it is considered that it is possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire.

In particular, in a case where a product (70°C-tanδBA × L) of a loss tangent 70°C-tanδBA of the bead apex measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70°C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is controlled to be 15 or less, it is considered that the deformation of the clinch is more appropriately suppressed, whereby it is possible to improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire. The product (70°C-tanδBA × L) is more preferably 14.4 or less, even more preferably 13.2 or less, even more preferably 12.8 or less, even more preferably 12.5 or less, and even more preferably 10.0 or less.

It should be noted that above, the complex elastic modulus (E*) can be measured, for example, by using a viscoelasticity measuring device such as “EPLEXOR (registered trademark)” manufactured by GABO Co., Ltd. in the same manner as the measurement of the loss tangent (tanδ).

5. Complex elastic moduli of bead stack and clinch and length of electronic component in longitudinal direction

As described above, in a case where the product of the sum of the loss tangent of the bead stack and the clinch and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is appropriately controlled, the deformation of the clinch can be suppressed. However, also with respect to the complex elastic modulus which is a parameter indicating rigidity, it is preferable to regard the bead stack and the clinch as a set of elements and control the relationship between the sum of the complex elastic moduli thereof and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction.

Specifically, even in a case where control is performed such that a ratio ((70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA)/L) of a sum (70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA) of complex elastic moduli 70 °CE*BA (MPa) and 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of each of the bead tapex and the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1% with respect to the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction exceeds 0.25, it is considered that the concentration of strain at the clinch is suppressed due to the rigidity thereof, thereby making it possible It is possible to suppress the deformation of the clinch more appropriately, and it is possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire. The ratio ((70°CE*BA + 70°CE*CA)/L) is more preferably 0.350 or more, even more preferably 0.400 or more, even more preferably 0.450 or more, even more preferably 0.467 or more, even more preferably 0.480 or more, even more preferably 0.583 or more, even more preferably 0.650 or more, and even more preferably 0.680 or more.

6. Electronic component

In the present invention, it is preferable to use an RFID or a sensor as the electronic component. An RFID is more preferable considering that it can store a large amount of information and perform reading in a non-contact manner, and it can also store manufacturing information, management information, customer information and the like of the tire in addition to data such as pressure and temperature. Note that specific examples of the sensor include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor and a groove depth sensor.

Moreover, it is preferable that an adhesive layer for improving adhesiveness to rubber or a plating layer is provided on a surface of the electronic component. This makes it possible to sufficiently suppress the peeling of the electronic component.

Note that as a specific adhesive layer, a known metal-rubber adhesive can be used and can be purchased from LORD Corporation or the like. The plating layer, for example, preferably contains copper and is preferably alloyed with tin, nickel, iron, zinc, cobalt, aluminum, magnesium or the like.

Moreover, it is preferable that an electronic component coating layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm or more is provided on a surface of the electronic component. In a case of providing an appropriate distance between the electronic component and a side wall portion or a carcass layer which is adjacent, in this way, it is possible to make the electronic component less susceptible to an influence of deformation at an interface, thereby sufficiently suppressing the peeling of the electronic component.

Note that as a specific coating layer for electronic components, for example, a rubber composition or a thermoplastic elastomer composition can be used, examples of which include the rubber composition described in the present specification and a rubber composition known in the tire industry.

Note that in the present invention, the length L (including an antenna) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is preferably 80 mm or less, and more preferably 50 mm or less. In a case of using such a size, it is considered that it is possible to suppress generation of local stress concentration and to make the electronic component come into close contact with a tire member appropriately, thereby sufficiently suppressing peeling. The length L is more preferably 60 mm or less, and still more preferably 50 mm or less.

The product (D1 × W) of a shortest distance D1 (mm) to an outer surface of the tire and a weight W (g) of the electronic component is preferably 2.5 or less. In a case of controlling D1 × W to such a value, it is considered that it is possible to sufficiently suppress the deformation around the electronic component, thereby suppressing the peeling. The product (D1 × W) is more preferably 2.00 or less, still more preferably 1.60 or less, and even more preferably 1.40 or less.

Moreover, in the present invention, considering the purpose and durability of the electronic component, it is considered that the electronic component is preferably provided at a position where a ratio (D2/D3) of a distance D2 (mm) from a center position of the electronic component to a lower end of the bead core to a distance D3 (mm) from a position of a maximum width of the tire to the lower end of the bead core in a tire radial direction is 0.3 or more and 1.7 or less. The ratio (D2/D3) is more preferably 0.69 or more, even more preferably 0.78 or more, even more preferably 0.82 or more, even more preferably 0.92 or more, and even more preferably 0.95 or more. Moreover, the ratio (D2/D3) is even more preferably 1.55 or less, even more preferably 1.33 or less, even more preferably 1.12 or less, and even more preferably 1.07 or less.

Note that above, the term “center position of the electronic component” refers to the center of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction, the center in a width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the position of the center in a height direction perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction and the width direction, and the term “lower end of the bead core” refers to a lower edge of the bead core in a tire radial direction.

7. Shortest distance from electronic component to outer surface of tires

(1) As described above, the loss tangent tanδ is a viscoelastic parameter indicating the energy absorption performance, and the larger the value thereof, the more the energy is absorbed, the greater the heat generation, and the greater the deformation. On the other hand, the smaller the distance from the electronic component to the outer surface of the tire, the more easily the heat is dissipated, which makes it possible to suppress heat generation. For this reason, in a case of controlling the product of the loss tangent of the bead apex and the distance from the electronic component to the outer surface of the tire to be equal to or smaller than a certain value, the heat generation of the bead apex arranged to be close to the clinch is sufficiently suppressed, whereby it is believed that it is possible to more appropriately suppress the deformation of the clinch, and it is possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire.

In particular, in a case where the product (70 °C-tanδBA × D1) of the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead stack and D1 (mm) is 1.5 or less, the heat generation of the bead stack is sufficiently suppressed, whereby it is considered that it is possible to more appropriately suppress the deformation of the clinch, and it is possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire.

The product (70 °C-tanδBA × D1) is more preferably 1.25 or less, even more preferably 1.10 or less, even more preferably 1.00 or less, even more preferably 0.77 or less, even more preferably 0.70 or less, even more preferably 0.64 or less, and even more preferably 0.56 or less.

(2) Furthermore, in a case of considering the bead stapex and the clinch as a set of elements, in a case where a product ((70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1) of a sum (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) of the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead stapex and the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch and D1 (mm) is 2.5 or less, it is considered that it is possible to sufficiently suppress the heat generation of the bead stapex. The product ((70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1) is more preferably 2.00 or less, even more preferably 1.90 or less, even more preferably 1.75 or less, even more preferably 1.65 or less, even more preferably 1.52 or less, even more preferably 1.40 or less, even more preferably 1.24 or less, even more preferably 1.23 or less, and even more preferably 1.19 or less.

(3) It is noted that in a case where D1 is small, the deformation generated on a surface of the bead portion is easily transmitted to a vicinity of the electronic component and thus there is a risk that the electronic component is peeled off, thereby reducing durability during driving. For this reason, in a case where D1 is small, it is considered preferable to control the strain so as to be concentrated on the clinch while suppressing the deformation in the bead apex.

Specifically, in a case where a product ((70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1) of a ratio (70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) of the complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*BA (MPa) of the bead stack to the complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of the clinch and D1 is 8 or more, it is considered that the deformation at the bead stack and the concentration of strain at the clinch are suppressed, whereby it is possible to further improve durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component mounted on a tire. The product ((70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1) is more preferably 8.8 or more, even more preferably 8.9 or more, and even more preferably 12.5 or more.

(4) However, it is believed that the larger D1 is, the more heat the bead stack or clinch stores, making it easier to deform. For this reason, it is preferable to increase the complex elastic modulus of the bead stack or clinch to suppress the deformation. However, it is preferable to increase only the complex elastic modulus of the bead stack with which the electronic component is in direct contact to suppress the deformation.

In particular, in a case where a ratio of 70 °C-E*BA to D1 (70 °C-E*BA/D1) is 5 or more, it is considered that it is possible to sufficiently suppress the deformation of the bead apex.

[3] Embodiment

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on the embodiments.

1. Tires according to the present embodiment

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a tire according to an embodiment of the present invention. In 1 1 is a tire, 2 is a bead portion, 3 is a sidewall portion, 4 is a tread portion, 31 is a sidewall, 32 is a carcass layer, 33 is an inner liner, and 34 is an electronic component. Along a bead core 21 and a bead pex 22 which constitute the bead portion 2, the carcass layer 32 is folded at the lower end of the bead core 21 from inside to outside in a tire width direction and then bonded to the inner carcass layer 32. Moreover, on the inner side of the bead portion 2 in the tire width direction, a chafer 24 is provided, and on the outer side of the bead portion 2 in the tire width direction, a clinch 23 extending to the chafer 24 is provided.

In the present embodiment, the electronic component 34 is provided between the carcass layer 32 and the clinch 23. Here, the expression “the electronic component is provided between the carcass layer and the clinch” indicates that the electronic component is provided between surfaces on sides opposite to the respective surfaces where the carcass layer and the clinch are in contact with each other, and also includes a case of embedding in the carcass layer or the clinch.

2A and 2B are schematic plan views showing a form of an electronic component used in the present embodiment, with two examples of 2A and 2B being shown. As in 2A and 2B As shown, the electronic component 34 consists of a main body 34a consisting of an IC chip and an antenna 34b.

In a case where such a configuration is used and the clinch 23, the tread portion 4 and the bead stapex 22 satisfy each of the parameters described above, the amount of deformation around the electronic component is sufficiently reduced, whereby it is possible to improve the durability of an electronic component during driving with the electronic component attached to a tire.

2. Rubber compositions

In the present embodiment, the rubber compositions which respectively constitute the clinch, the bead tapex and the tread described above (hereinafter, they are respectively referred to as "a rubber composition for a clinch", "a rubber composition for a bead tapex" and "a rubber composition for a tread") can be obtained by kneading various compound materials such as a rubber component, a reinforcing material, an antioxidant, an oil, a resin material and an additive.

(1) Mixed material

(a) Rubber component

In each rubber composition, the rubber component is not particularly limited. For example, it is possible to use a diene-based rubber such as natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), or butyl rubber (IIR). These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination. For example, in the rubber composition for a clinch, it is preferable to use BR and an isoprene-based rubber in combination. Moreover, in the rubber composition for a bead tapex, an isoprene-based rubber is preferably used alone, and in the rubber composition for a tread, an isoprene-based rubber, SBR, and BR are preferably used in combination.

(a-1) Isoprene-based rubber

Examples of the isoprene-based rubber include natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), reformulated NR, modified NR and modified IR, with NR being preferred from the viewpoint of excellent strength.

As the NR, it is possible to use those that are common in the tire industry, for example, SVR-L, SIR20, RSS#3, and TSR20. The IR is not particularly limited, and it is possible to use those that are common in the tire industry, for example, IR 2200 manufactured by Zeon Corporation. Examples of the reformulated NR include deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) and high purity natural rubber (UPNR), examples of the modified NR include epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), hydrogenated natural rubber (HNR), and grafted natural rubber, and examples of the modified IR include epoxidized isoprene rubber, hydrogenated isoprene rubber, and grafted isoprene rubber. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

In the rubber composition for clinch, the content of the isoprene-based rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 45 parts by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferably 70 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 55 parts by mass or less.

Moreover, in the rubber composition for a bead tapex, the content of the isoprene-based rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 50 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 80 parts by mass or more. However, the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited.

Furthermore, in the rubber composition for a tread, the content of the isoprene-based rubber in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 7 parts by mass or more. Furthermore, it is preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 20 parts by mass or less.

(a-2) SBR

The weight average molecular weight of SBR is, for example, more than 100,000 and less than 2,000,000. The styrene content of the SBR is, for example, preferably more than 5 mass%, more preferably more than 10 mass%, and even more preferably more than 20 mass%. In addition, it is preferably less than 50 mass%, more preferably less than 40 mass%, and even more preferably less than 35 mass%. The vinyl content (the amount of 1,2-bonded butadiene unit) of the SBR is, for example, preferably more than 5 mass%, more preferably more than 10 mass%, and even more preferably more than 15 mass%. In addition, it is preferably less than 70 mass%, more preferably less than 40 mass%, and even more preferably less than 30 mass%. It should be noted that the identification of the structure of SBR (the measurement of styrene content and vinyl content) can be carried out, for example, by using a JNM-ECA series apparatus manufactured by JEOL Ltd.

The SBR is not particularly limited, and it is possible to use, for example, an emulsified polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (E-SBR) or a solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR). The SBR may be an unmodified SBR or a modified SBR. In addition, a hydrogenated SBR obtained by hydrogenating a butadiene portion in the SBR may be used. The hydrogenated SBR may be obtained by subsequently hydrogenating the BR portion in the SBR, or a similar structure may be obtained by copolymerizing styrene, ethylene and butadiene.

The modified SBR is preferably an SBR having a functional group that interacts with a filler such as silica. Examples thereof include an end-modified SBR obtained by modifying at least one end of the SBR with a compound (modifier) having the above-described functional group (an end-modified SBR having the above-described functional group at the end), a main chain-modified SBR having the above-described functional group in the main chain, a main chain/end-modified SBR having the above-described functional group in the main chain and at the end (for example, a main chain/end-modified SBR in which the above-described functional group is provided in the main chain and at least one end is modified with the above-described modifier), and an end-modified SBR that has been subjected to modification (coupling) with a polyfunctional compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule and into which a hydroxyl group or an epoxy group has been introduced.

Examples of the functional group include an amino group, an amide group, a silyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an isocyanate group, an imino group, an imidazole group, a urea group, an ether group, a carbonyl group, an oxycarbonyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfide group, a disulfide group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, an ammonium group, an imide group, a hydrazo group, an azo group, a diazo group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, a pyridyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an oxy group, and an epoxy group. Note that these functional groups may have a substituent.

In addition, as the modified SBR, it is possible to use, for example, an SBR modified with a compound (modifier) represented by the following formula.

Note that in the formula, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are the same or different from each other and represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a silyloxy group, an acetal group, a carboxyl group (-COOH), a mercapto group (-SH) or a derivative thereof. R ⁴ and R ⁵ are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. R ⁴ and R ⁵ may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure together with the nitrogen atom. Here, n represents an integer.

As the modified SBR modified with a compound (modifier) represented by the above formula, it is possible to use an SBR (the modified SBR or the like disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-111753 described) obtained by subjecting a polymerization terminal (active terminal) of a solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) to modification with a compound represented by the above formula.

As R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 ,} an alkoxy group is suitable (preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). As R ⁴ and R ^{5 ,} an alkyl group is suitable (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms). Here, n is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and even more preferably 3. In addition, in a case where R ⁴ and R ⁵ are bonded to each other to form a ring structure together with the nitrogen atom, the ring structure ture is preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring. Note that the alkoxy group also includes a cycloalkoxy group (a cyclohexyloxy group or the like) and an aryloxy group (a phenoxy group, a benzyloxy group or the like).

Specific examples of the modifier include 2-dimethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-diethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, and 3-diethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

In addition, as the modified SBR, a modified SBR modified with the following compound (modifier) can also be used. Examples of the modifier include a polyglycidyl ether of polyhydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolethane triglycidyl ether or trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether; a polyglycidyl ether of an aromatic compound having two or more phenol groups such as diglycidylated bisphenol A; a polyepoxy compound such as 1,4-diglycidylbenzene, 1,3,5-triglycidylbenzene or polyepoxidized liquid polybutadiene; tertiary amines containing an epoxy group such as 4,4'-diglycidyldiphenylmethylamine or 4,4'-diglycidyldibenzylmethylamine; a diglycidylamino compound such as diglycidylaniline, N,N'-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline, diglycidylorthotoluidine, tetraglycidylmethoxylenidamine, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylmethane, tetraglycidyl-p-phenylenediamine, diglycidylaminomethylcyclohexane or tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane; an amino group-containing acid chloride such as bis-(1-methylpropyl)carbamyl chloride, 4-morpholinecarbonyl chloride, 1-pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride, N,N-dimethylcarbamyl chloride or N,N-diethylcarbamyl chloride; an epoxy group-containing silane compound such as 1,3-bis-(glycidyloxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane or (3-glycidyloxypropyl)pentamethyldisiloxane; a sulfide group-containing silane compound such as (trimethylsilyl)[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tripropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tributoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldiethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldipropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide or (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldibutoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide; an N-substituted aziridine compound such as ethyleneimine or propyleneimine; an alkoxysilane such as methyltriethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltrimethoxysilane or N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltriethoxysilane; a (thio)benzophenone compound having an amino group and/or a substituted amino group such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-di-t-butylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone or N,N,N',N'-bis-(tetraethylamino)benzophenone; a benzaldehyde compound having an amino group and/or a substituted amino group such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde or 4-N,N-divinylaminobenzaldehyde; an N-substituted pyrrolidone such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-t-butyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-methyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and an N-substituted piperidone such as N-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-2-piperidone or N-phenyl-2-piperidone; an N-substituted lactam such as N-methyl-ε-caprolactam, N-phenyl-ε-caprolactam, N-methyl-ω-laurolactam, N-vinyl-ω-laurolactam, N-methyl-β-propiolactam or N-phenyl-β-propiolactam; and others such as N,N-bis-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-aniline, 4,4-methylene-bis-(N,N-glycidylaniline), tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, N,N-diethylacetamide, N-methylmaleimide, N,N-diethylurea, 1,3-dimethylethyleneurea, 1,3-divinylethyleneurea, 1,3-diethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-methyl-3-ethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 4-N,N-dimethylaminoacetophenone, 4-N,N-diethylaminoacetophenone, 1,3-bis(diphenylamino)-2-propanone and 1,7-bis(methylethylamino)-4-heptanone. It should be noted that the modification with the above compound (modifying agent) can be carried out by a known method.

As the SBR, it is possible to use an SBR manufactured and sold by, for example, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., ENEOS Materials Corporation, Asahi Kasei Corporation, or Zeon Corporation. It should be noted that the SBR can be used alone, or two or more types of them can be used in combination.

In the rubber composition for a tread, the content of SBR in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 60 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 70 parts by mass or more. The upper limit thereof is not particularly limited, but is preferably 95 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 90 parts by mass or less.

In addition, in the rubber composition for a bead tapex and the rubber composition for a clinch, 1 part by mass or more and less than 10 parts by mass of SBR may be contained in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component as required.

(a-3) BR

For example, the weight average molecular weight of BR is more than 100,000 and less than 2,000,000. For example, the vinyl content of BR is more than 1 mass% and less than 30 mass%. For example, the cis content of BR is more than 1 mass% and 98 mass% or less. The trans content of BR is more than 1 mass% and less than 60 mass%. It should be noted that the cis content can be measured according to an infrared absorption spectrum analysis method.

The BR is not particularly limited, and it is possible to use a BR having a high cis content (the cis content is 90% or more), a BR having a low cis content, a BR containing a syndiotactic polybutadiene crystal, or the like. The BR may be an unmodified BR or a modified BR, and as the modified BR, it is possible to use, for example, a BR modified with a compound (modifier) represented by the following formula.

Note that in the formula, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are the same or different from each other and represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a silyloxy group, an acetal group, a carboxyl group (-COOH), a mercapto group (-SH) or a derivative thereof. R ⁴ and R ⁵ are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. R ⁴ and R ⁵ may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure together with the nitrogen atom. Here, n represents an integer.

Examples of the modified BR modified with a compound (modifier) represented by the above formula include a BR obtained by subjecting a polymerization terminal (active terminal) to modification with the compound represented by the above formula.

As R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 ,} an alkoxy group is suitable (preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). As R ⁴ and R ^{5 ,} an alkyl group is suitable (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms). Here, n is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and still more preferably 3. Moreover, in a case where R ⁴ and R ⁵ are bonded to each other to form a ring structure together with the nitrogen atom, the ring structure is preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring. Note that the alkoxy group also includes a cycloalkoxy group (a cyclohexyloxy group or the like) and an aryloxy group (a phenoxy group, a benzyloxy group or the like).

Specific examples of the modifier include 2-dimethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-diethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-diethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, and 3-diethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

In addition, as the modified BR, a modified BR modified with the following compound (modifier) can also be used. Examples of the modifier include a polyglycidyl ether of polyhydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolethane triglycidyl ether or trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether; a polyglycidyl ether of an aromatic compound having two or more phenol groups such as diglycidylated Bisphenol A; a polyepoxy compound such as 1,4-diglycidylbenzene, 1,3,5-triglycidylbenzene or polyepoxidized liquid polybutadiene; tertiary amines containing an epoxy group such as 4,4'-diglycidyldiphenylmethylamine or 4,4'-diglycidyldibenzylmethylamine; a diglycidylamino compound such as diglycidylaniline, N,N'-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline, diglycidylorthotoluidine, tetraglycidylmethoxylenidamine, tetraglycidylaminodiphenylmethane, tetraglycidyl-p-phenylenediamine, diglycidylaminomethylcyclohexane or tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane; an amino group-containing acid chloride such as bis-(1-methylpropyl)carbamyl chloride, 4-morpholinecarbonyl chloride, 1-pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride, N,N-dimethylcarbamyl chloride or N,N-diethylcarbamyl chloride; an epoxy group-containing silane compound such as 1,3-bis-(glycidyloxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane or (3-glycidyloxypropyl)pentamethyldisiloxane; a sulfide group-containing silane compound such as (trimethylsilyl)[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tripropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(tributoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldimethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldiethoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide, (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldipropoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide or (trimethylsilyl)[3-(methyldibutoxysilyl)propyl]sulfide; an N-substituted aziridine compound such as ethyleneimine or propyleneimine; an alkoxysilane such as methyltriethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltrimethoxysilane or N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethyltriethoxysilane; a (thio)benzophenone compound having an amino group and/or a substituted amino group such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-di-t-butylaminobenzophenone, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone or N,N,N',N'-bis-(tetraethylamino)benzophenone; a benzaldehyde compound having an amino group and/or a substituted amino group such as 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-N,N-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde or 4-N,N-divinylaminobenzaldehyde; an N-substituted pyrrolidone such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-phenyl-2-pyrrolidone, Nt-butyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-methyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; an N-substituted piperidone such as N-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-2-piperidone or N-phenyl-2-piperidone; an N-substituted lactam such as N-methyl-ε-caprolactam, N-phenyl-ε-caprolactam, N-methyl-ω-laurolactam, N-vinyl-ω-laurolactam, N-methyl-β-propiolactam or N-phenyl-β-propiolactam; and others such as N,N-bis-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-aniline, 4,4-methylene-bis-(N,N-glycidylaniline), tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, N,N-diethylacetamide, N-methylmaleimide, N,N-diethylurea, 1,3-dimethylethyleneurea, 1,3-divinylethyleneurea, 1,3-diethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-methyl-3-ethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 4-N,N-dimethylaminoacetophenone, 4-N,N-diethylaminoacetophenone, 1,3-bis(diphenylamino)-2-propanone and 1,7-bis(methylethylamino)-4-heptanone. It is noted that the modification with the above compound (modifying agent) can be carried out by a known method. It is noted that these modified BRs may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.

As the BR, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, UBE Corporation, ENEOS Materials Corporation, Asahi Kasei Corporation or Zeon Corporation.

In the rubber composition for clinch, the content of BR in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 45 parts by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferably 70 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 55 parts by mass or less.

Furthermore, in the rubber composition for a tread, the content of BR in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 7 parts by mass or more. Furthermore, it is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 15 parts by mass or less.

In addition, in the rubber composition for a bead tapex, 1 part by mass or more and less than 10 parts by mass of BR may be contained in 100 parts by mass of the rubber component as required.

(a-4) Another rubber component

In the present embodiment, each rubber composition may contain, as another rubber component, rubber (a polymer) commonly used in the manufacture of tires, such as nitrile rubber (NBR).

(b) Mixing material other than rubber component (b-1) Filler

In the present embodiment, each rubber composition preferably contains, as a filler, a reinforcing agent such as carbon black or silica. Note that examples of the filler include calcium carbonate, talc, alumina, clay, aluminum hydroxide and mica in addition to the above-described carbon black and silica. Note that in a case where silica is used, the silica is preferably used in combination with a silane coupling agent.

In each rubber composition, the total blending amount of the filler is preferably 40 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 50 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Moreover, from the viewpoint of dispersibility in the rubber composition, it is preferably 150 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 140 parts by mass or less.

(i) Soot

The carbon black is used for the intended purpose of improving crack growth resistance, durability, resistance to ultraviolet deterioration and the like of the tire.

From the viewpoint of reinforcing property of the rubber, a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of the carbon black is preferably, for example, 30 m ² /g or more, more preferably 50 m ² /g or more, and still more preferably 60 m ² /g or more. In addition, from the viewpoint of exothermicity, it is preferably 250 m ² /g or less, more preferably 150 m ² /g, and still more preferably 120 m ² /g or less. From the viewpoint of rubber rigidity, the amount of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorbed by the carbon black is, for example, preferably 50 ml/100 g or more, and more preferably 100 ml/100 g or more. In addition, from the viewpoint of followability to deformation of the rubber, it is preferably 250 ml/100 g or less, and still preferably 150 ml/100 g or less. It should be noted that the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of carbon black is measured according to ASTM D4820-93 and the absorption amount of DBP is measured according to ASTM D2414-93.

The carbon black is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include furnace black (Furnace Black) such as SAF, ISAF, HAF, MAF, FEF, SRF, GPF, APF, FF, CF, SCF, and ECF; acetylene black (Acetylene Black); thermal black (Thermal Black) such as FT and MT; and channel black (Channel Black) such as EPC, MPC, and CC. One kind of them may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination. Among them, FEF is preferable from the viewpoint of extrusion processability and impact absorption ability.

The specific carbon black is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include N134, N110, N220, N234, N219, N339, N330, N326, N351, N550, and N762. As a commercially available product thereof, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, ASAHI CARBON CO., LTD., Cabot Japan K.K., TOKAI CARBON CO., LTD., Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Lion Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd., NSCC Carbon Co., Ltd., or Columbia Carbon. One kind of them may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

In the rubber composition for clinch, the content of carbon black with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is, for example, preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably 35 parts by mass or more. In addition, it is preferably 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 90 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 80 parts by mass or less.

Furthermore, in the rubber composition for a bead tapex, the content of carbon black with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 40 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 50 parts by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferably 100 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 80 parts by mass or less.

In addition, in the rubber composition for a tread, the content of carbon black with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and further before preferably 10 parts by mass or more. Furthermore, it is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 40 parts by mass or less.

(ii) Silicon dioxide

Silica has no conductivity. Therefore, in a case where it is used as a reinforcing material, the dielectric constant can be reduced and the reading range of the electronic component can be widened. In addition, since the hydration water contained in the silica or the functional group on the surface can capture ozone, ozone resistance can be improved, thereby improving the durability of the tire.

In a case where the average primary particle diameter of the silica is too small, processability deteriorates. Therefore, it is preferable to use silica of more than 8 nm. It is more preferably 9 nm or more, and still more preferably 10 nm or more. In addition, from the viewpoint of ensuring the reinforcing property of the rubber and ensuring steering stability performance on a wet road surface during driving, it is preferably 25 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and still more preferably 17 nm or less.

It is to be noted that the average primary particle diameter of silica means an average value of values obtained by observing the minimum unit particle of silica forming an aggregated structure as a circle and measuring the absolute maximum length of the minimum particle as the diameter of the circle, and it can be determined by performing observation with a transmission or scanning electron microscope, subjecting 400 or more primary particles of silica observed in a field of view to measurement, and averaging the measured values.

A BET specific surface area of the silica is preferably more than 100 m ² /g, and more preferably more than 130 m ² /g from the viewpoint of obtaining favorable durability performance. Moreover, it is preferably less than 250 m ² /g, and more preferably less than 200 m ² /g. Note that the BET specific surface area described above is a value of N ₂ SA measured by the BET method according to ASTM D3037-93.

Examples of the silica include a dry process silica (anhydrous silica), a wet process silica (hydrous silica), and a colloidal silica. Among them, a wet process silica which contains hydration water, contains a large amount of silanol groups, and can effectively capture ozone is preferable. In addition, silica of a hydrous glass or the like can be used as a raw material, silica of a material for a biomass material such as a rice husk can be used as a raw material, or the like.

As the silica, it is possible to use a product manufactured by Evonik Industries AG, Rhodia, Tosoh Silica Corporation, Nippon Solvay K.K., Tokuyama Corporation or the like.

In the rubber composition for a tread, the content of silica is preferably 40 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, and more preferably 50 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. In addition, from the viewpoint of dispersibility in the rubber composition, it is preferably 110 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 100 parts by mass or less.

Furthermore, the rubber composition for a clinch and the rubber composition for a bead tapex may contain silica as needed. In this case, in consideration of sufficient extrusion processability and ozone resistance, the content of silica with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is, for example, preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 15 parts by mass or less. In a case where such an amount of silica is used, sufficient extrusion processability and ozone resistance can be obtained.

(iii) Silane coupling agents

In a case where silica is used as a filler, it is preferable to use a silane coupling agent in combination to improve the dispersibility of the silica and improve the mechanical properties, moldability and the like by reacting with the silica.

The silane coupling agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sulfur-based silane coupling agents such as bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, bis(4-triethoxysilylbutyl)tetrasulfide, bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)trisulfide, bis(4-trimethoxysilylbutyl)trisulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl)disulfide, bis(4-triethoxysilylbutyl)disulfide, bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl)disulfide, bis(4-trimethoxysilylbutyl)disulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 2-triethoxysilylethyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide and 3-triethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate monosulfide; mercapto-based silane coupling agents such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane and NXT and NXT-Z manufactured by Momentive Inc.; vinyl-based silane coupling agents such as vinyltriethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane; amino-based silane coupling agents such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; glycidoxy-based silane coupling agents such as γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; nitro-based silane coupling agents such as 3-nitropropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-nitropropyltriethoxysilane; and chlorine-based silane coupling agents such as 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane. Among these, a silane coupling agent having a thiocarbonyl group such as NXT described above is preferred. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

As the silane coupling agent, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, Evonik Industries AG, Momentive Inc., Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Azmax Co. or DuPont Toray Specialty Materials K.K.

For example, the content of the silane coupling agent is preferably more than 3 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of silica. Moreover, it is preferably less than 15 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or less.

(iv) Another filler

In addition to the carbon black and silica described above, each rubber composition may further contain a filler commonly used in the tire industry, for example, graphite, calcium carbonate, talc, alumina, clay, aluminum hydroxide, mica or magnesium sulfate. The contents thereof are, for example, more than 0.1 part by mass and less than 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

(b-2) Plasticizer component

For each rubber composition, it is preferable to use a plasticizer component as needed in consideration of appropriate dispersion of a powder material during kneading. Note that the plasticizer component referred to herein refers to a plasticizer component that plasticizes a rubber composition, such as an extender oil of a process oil or a rubber component, a liquid rubber or a resin component.

In each rubber composition, the content of the softening component with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 2 parts by mass or more, and more preferably more than 3 parts by mass. In addition, it is preferably 80 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 20 parts by mass or less.

It should be noted that the content of the plasticizer also includes the amount of oil contained in rubber (oil-extended rubber) or the like.

(i) Oil

Examples of the oil include mineral oil, vegetable oil or a mixture thereof. Among them, vegetable oil is preferably used from the viewpoint that it has a high molecular weight and the migration thereof at the rubber layer interface or the like is easily suppressed.

Examples of the mineral oil include a paraffin-based process oil, an aromatic-based process oil, and a naphthene-based process oil. It is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., SANKYO YUKA KOGYO K.K., ENEOS Corporation, Olisoy, H&R Group, HOKOKU CORPORATION, Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K., or Fuji Kosan Company, Ltd. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

In addition, from the viewpoint of environmental performance, as these oils, lubricating oil used in a mixer or a motor of a rubber mixer, waste cooking oil after use in a cooking facility or the like can be suitably cleaned and used.

Examples of vegetable oil include linseed oil, canola oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, tall oil, sesame oil, wild sesame oil, castor oil, tung oil, pine oil, pineapple oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, camellia oil, jojoba oil, macadamia nut oil, peanut oil, grapeseed oil and Japanese wax.

Further, examples of the vegetable oil also include refined oil (salad oil or the like) obtained by refining each of the above oils, ester exchange modified oil subjected to ester exchange, hydrogenated hardened oil, thermally polymerized oil subjected to thermal polymerization, oxidation polymerized oil subjected to oxidation, and waste edible oil obtained by recovering the oil used as edible oil. Note that the vegetable oil may be a liquid or a solid at room temperature (25°C). One kind of them may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

The vegetable oil is preferably acylglycerol, and more preferably triacylglycerol. Note that the acylglycerol refers to a compound obtained by subjecting a hydroxy group of glycerin and a carboxylic acid to an ester bond. The acylglycerol is not particularly limited, and it may be 1-monoacylglycerol, may be 2-monoacylglycerol, may be 1,2-diacylglycerol, may be 1,3-diacylglycerol, or may be triacylglycerol. Further, the acylglycerol may be a monomer, may be a dimer, or may be a multimer that is a trimer or more. Note that an acylglycerol that is a dimer or more can be obtained by thermal polymerization, oxidative polymerization, or the like. In addition, the acylglycerol may be a liquid or a solid at room temperature (25°C).

A method of checking whether or not acylglycerol is contained in the rubber composition is not particularly limited; however, the check can be carried out by ^1H -NMR measurement. For example, in a case where a rubber composition mixed with triacylglycerol is immersed in heavy chloroform for 24 hours at room temperature (25°C), the rubber composition is removed, ^1H -NMR is then measured at room temperature, and a signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS) is set as 0.00 ppm, signals of about 5.26 ppm, about 4.28 ppm, and about 4.15 ppm are observed. It is presumed that these signals are signals derived from a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to the oxygen atom of the ester group, and thus the inclusion of the acylglycerol can be confirmed. Here, the term “about” refers to a range of ±0.10 ppm.

Note that the carboxylic acid is not particularly limited and may be an unsaturated fatty acid or a saturated fatty acid. Examples of the unsaturated fatty acid include a monovalent unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid and a polyvalent unsaturated fatty acid such as linoleic acid or linolenic acid.

As the vegetable oil, it is possible to use those commercially available from, for example, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., SANKYO YUKA KOGYO K.K., ENEOS Corporation, Olisoy, H&R Group, HOKOKU CORPORATION, Fuji Kosan Company, Ltd. and Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd.

(ii) Liquid rubber

The liquid rubber is a polymer in a liquid state at room temperature (25 °C), and it is a rubber component that can be extracted from a vulcanized tire by extraction with acetone. Examples of the liquid rubber include a farnesene-based polymer, a liquid diene-based polymer, and a hydrogenated substance thereof.

The farnesene-based polymer is a polymer obtained by polymerizing farnesene, and it has a farnesene-based constitutional unit. Regarding farnesene, there are isomers such as α-farnesene ((3E,7E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene) and β-farnesene (7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene).

The farnesene-based polymer may be a homopolymer of farnesene (a farnesene homopolymer) or a copolymer of farnesene and a vinyl monomer (a farnesene-vinyl monomer copolymer).

Examples of the liquid diene-based polymer include a liquid styrene-butadiene copolymer (liquid SBR), a liquid butadiene polymer (liquid BR), a liquid isoprene polymer (liquid IR), and a liquid styrene-isoprene copolymer (liquid SIR).

In the diene-based liquid polymer, the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is, for example, more than 1.0 × 10 ³ and less than 2.0 × 10 ⁵ . Here, Mw of the diene-based liquid polymer is a polystyrene equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

For example, in each rubber composition, the content of the liquid rubber (the total content of the farnesene-based liquid polymer, the diene-based liquid polymer, and the like) is preferably more than 1 part by mass and less than 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

As the liquid rubber, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, Kuraray Co., Ltd. or Cray Valley.

(iii) Resin component

The resin component also functions as an adhesion-promoting component and may be a solid or a liquid at room temperature. Specific examples of the resin component include a rosin-based resin, a styrene-based resin, a coumarone-based resin, a terpene-based resin, a C5 resin, a C9 resin, a C5C9 resin, and an acrylic resin, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination. In each rubber composition, the content of the resin component is more than 2 parts by mass, preferably less than 45 parts by mass, and more preferably less than 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

The rosin-based resin is a resin containing, as a main component, rosin acid obtained by processing pine resin. The rosin-based resin (rosin) can be classified according to the presence or absence of modification, and it can be classified into an unmodified rosin (unmodified rosin) and a rosin modified product (rosin derivative). Examples of the unmodified rosin include tall rosin (also known as tall oil rosin), balsam rosin, wood rosin, disproportionated rosin, polymerized rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and other chemically modified rosin. The rosin modified product is a modified product of the unmodified rosin, examples of which include rosin esters, unsaturated carboxylic acid modified rosin, unsaturated carboxylic acid modified rosin esters, amide compounds of rosin, and amine salts of rosin.

The styrene-based resin is a polymer using a styrene-based monomer as a constituent monomer, and examples thereof include a polymer obtained by conducting polymerization using the styrene-based monomer as a main component (50 mass % or more). Specific examples thereof include a homopolymer obtained by reacting each of styrene-based monomers (styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-metho xystyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, p-phenylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene and the like) is subjected to homopolymerization, and a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing two or more styrene-based monomers, and a copolymer of a styrene-based monomer and another monomer capable of undergoing copolymerization with the styrene-based monomer.

Examples of the other monomer include acrylonitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid; unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate; dienes such as chloroprene, butadiene and isoprene; olefins such as 1-butene and 1-pentene; and α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids such as maleic anhydride or acid anhydrides thereof.

Among the coumarone-based resins, a coumarone-indene resin is preferred. The coumarone-indene resin is a resin containing coumarone and indene as monomer components constituting the skeleton (main chain) of the resin. Examples of the monomer component other than the coumarone and indene contained in the skeleton include styrene, α-methylstyrene, methylindene and vinyltoluene.

For example, in each rubber composition, the content of the coumarone-indene resin is preferably more than 1.0 part by mass and less than 50.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

For example, the hydroxyl group (OH) value of the coumarone-indene resin is more than 15 mgKOH/g and less than 150 mgKOH/g. Note that the OH value is a value obtained by expressing the amount of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acetic acid bonded to the hydroxyl group in terms of milligrams in a case where 1 g of the resin is acetylated, and it is a value measured according to a potentiometric method (JIS K 0070: 1992).

For example, a softening point of the coumarone-indene resin is higher than 30 °C and lower than 160 °C. Note that the softening point is a temperature at which a ball falls in a case where the softening point specified in JIS K 6220-1: 2001 is measured with a ring-and-ball type softening point measuring device.

Examples of the terpene-based resin include polyterpene, terpene phenol, and an aromatic-modified terpene resin. Polyterpene is a resin obtained by polymerizing a terpene compound and a hydrogenated substance thereof. The terpene compound is a hydrocarbon having a composition of (C ₅ H ₈ ) _n and an oxygen-containing derivative thereof, and is a compound having as a basic skeleton a terpene, which is classified into a monoterpene (C ₁₀ H ₁₆ ), a sesquiterpene (C ₁₅ H ₂₄ ), or a diterpene (C ₂₀ H ₃₂ ). Examples of these include α-pinene, β-pinene, dipentene, limonene, myrcene, alloocimene, osimene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, 1,4-cineole, α-terpineol, β-terpineol and γ-terpineol.

Examples of the polyterpene also include terpene resins such as an α-pinene resin, a β-pinene resin, a limonene resin, a dipentene resin and a β-pinene/limonene resin, for which the above-described terpene compounds are used as raw materials, respectively, and hydrogenated terpene resins obtained by subjecting the terpene resins to a hydrogenation treatment, respectively. Examples of the terpene phenol include a resin obtained by copolymerizing the above-described terpene compound and a phenol-based compound, and a resin obtained by subjecting the resin to a hydrogenation treatment. Specific examples thereof include a resin obtained by condensing the above-described terpene compound, a phenol-based compound and formalin. Note that examples of the phenol-based compound include phenol, bisphenol A, cresol and xylenol. Examples of the aromatic-modified terpene resin include a resin obtained by modifying a terpene resin with an aromatic compound and a resin obtained by subjecting the resin to a hydrogenation treatment. Note that the aromatic compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having an aromatic ring. However, examples thereof include a phenol compound such as phenol, an alkylphenol, an alkoxyphenol, or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing phenol; a naphthol compound such as naphthol, an alkylnaphthol, an alkoxynaphthol, or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing naphthol; a styrene derivative such as styrene, an alkylstyrene, an alkoxystyrene, and an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing styrene; and coumarone and indene.

The term "C5 resin" refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing a C5 fraction. Examples of the C5 fraction include petroleum fractions equivalent to those having 4 to 5 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentadiene, pentene, pentadiene and isoprene. As the C5-based petroleum resin, a dicyclopentadiene resin (DCPD resin) is suitably used.

The term "C9 resin" refers to a resin obtained by polymerizing a C9 fraction, and it may be a resin obtained by hydrogenating or modifying the obtained resin. Examples of the C9 fraction include petroleum fractions equivalent to those having 8 to 10 carbon atoms such as vinyltoluene, an alkylstyrene, indene and methylindene. As a specific example thereof, a coumarone-indene resin, a coumarone resin, an indene resin and an aromatic vinyl-based resin are suitably used. The aromatic vinyl-based resin is preferably a homopolymer of α-methylstyrene (AMS resin) or styrene or a copolymer of α-methylstyrene and styrene, and more preferably a copolymer of α-methylstyrene and styrene, for the reason that it is economical, easy to process and excellent in exotherm. As the aromatic vinyl-based resin, it is possible to use those commercially available from, for example, Kraton Corporation and Eastman Chemical.

The term "C5C9 resin" refers to a resin obtained by copolymerizing the C5 fraction and the C9 fraction, and it may be a resin obtained by hydrogenating or modifying the obtained resin. Examples of the C5 fraction and the C9 fraction include the petroleum fraction described above. As the C5C9 resin, it is possible to use those commercially available from, for example, Tosoh Corporation and LUHUA.

There are no particular restrictions on the acrylic resin, but a solvent-free acrylic resin, for example, can be used.

Examples of the solvent-free acrylic resin include a (meth)acrylic resin (polymer) produced according to a high-temperature continuous polymerization process (high-temperature continuous bulk polymerization process) (the process described in U.S. Patent No. 4414370 , Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. S 59-6207 , Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. H 5-58005 , Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H 1-313522 , US Patent No. 5010166 , TOAGOSEI Annual Research Report, TREND 2000 No. 3, pp. 42-45 or the like) without using, as far as possible, a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, an organic solvent and the like which are auxiliary raw materials. Note that in the present invention, (meth)acrylic means methacrylic and acrylic.

Examples of the monomer component constituting the acrylic resin include (meth)acrylic acid, a (meth)acrylic acid ester (alkyl ester, aryl ester, aralkyl ester or the like), (meth)acrylamide, and a (meth)acrylic acid derivative such as a (meth)acrylamide derivative.

In addition, as the monomer component constituting the acrylic resin, an aromatic vinyl such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinylnaphthalene, divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene or divinylnaphthalene may be used together with (meth)acrylic acid or a (meth)acrylic acid derivative.

The acrylic resin may be a resin composed only of a (meth)acrylic component, or may be a resin also having a component other than the (meth)acrylic component as a component thereof. In addition, the acrylic resin may have a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a silanol group, or the like.

As the resin component, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, Maruzen Petrochemical CO., LTD., Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd., Tosoh Corporation, Rutgers Chemicals AG, BASF SE, Kraton Corporation, NITTO CHEMICAL CO., LTD., Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., ENEOS Corporation, Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd. or Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd.

(b-3) Curable resin component

Each rubber composition preferably contains a curable resin component such as a modified resorcinol resin or a modified phenol resin as a heat resistance improver in order to suppress a change in E* at a high temperature.

Specific examples of the modified resorcinol resin include SUMIKANOL 620 (modified resorcinol resin) manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd., and examples of the modified phenolic resin include PR12686 (cashew nut oil modified phenolic resin manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.).

The content of the curable resin component is preferably 1 part by mass or more, and more preferably 2 parts by mass or more, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component from the viewpoint of sufficiently improving the complex elastic modulus and obtaining a large reaction force during deformation. In addition, it is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 8 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of maintaining fracture strength.

In a case where the modified resorcinol resin is used, it is preferable that a methylene donor is also contained as a curing agent. Examples of the methylene donor include hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), hexamethoxymethylolmelamine (HMMM), and hexamethylolmelamine pentamethyl ether (HMMPME), for example, an amount of 5 parts by mass or more and about 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the curable resin component is preferably contained. In a case where the amount is too small, there is a risk that a sufficient complex elastic modulus cannot be obtained. On the other hand, in a case where the amount is too large, there is a risk that the viscosity of the rubber increases and the processability deteriorates.

As a specific methylene donor, it is possible to use, for example, SUMIKANOL 507 manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd.

(b-4) Lubricant (stearic acid)

Each rubber composition may contain a lubricant. As the lubricant, it is possible to preferably use a lubricant based on a fatty acid derivative such as stearic acid. As the stearic acid, it is possible to use those known in the art. Specifically, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, NOF Corporation, Kao Corporation, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation or Chiba Fatty Acid Co., Ltd. In addition, it is possible to use STRUKTOL WB16 manufactured by Struktol Company of America, LLC.

For example, the content of stearic acid is preferably more than 0.5 parts by mass and less than 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

(b-5) Antioxidants

Any rubber composition may contain an antioxidant. The content of the antioxidant is, for example, more than 1 part by mass and less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

Examples of the antioxidant include a naphthylamine-based antioxidant such as phenyl-α-naphthylamine; a diphenylamine-based antioxidant such as octylated diphenylamine or 4,4'-bis(α,α'dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine; a p-phenylenediamine-based antioxidant such as N-isopropyl-N'phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine or N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; a quinoline-based antioxidant such as a polymer of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline; a monophenol-based antioxidant such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol or styrenated phenol; and a bis-, tris- or polyphenol-based antioxidant such as tetrakis[methylene-3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

As a specific antioxidant, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., OUCHI SHINKO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. or FLEXSYS.

(b-6) Zinc oxide

Any rubber composition may contain zinc oxide. The content of zinc oxide is, for example, more than 0.5 parts by mass and less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. As the zinc oxide, it is possible to use those known in the art, and it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., Toho Zinc Co., Ltd., Hakusui Tech Co., Ltd., Shodo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. or Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

(b-7) Wax

Any rubber composition may contain wax. The content of wax is, for example, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 15 parts by mass, and still more preferably 1.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

The wax is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include petroleum-based waxes such as a paraffin wax and a microcrystalline wax; natural waxes such as a plant-based wax and an animal-based wax; and synthetic waxes such as polymers of ethylene, propylene and the like. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

It should be noted that as the wax it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, OUCHI SHINKO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., NIPPON SEIRO Co., Ltd. or Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.

(b-8) Crosslinking agents and vulcanization accelerators

Each rubber composition preferably contains a crosslinking agent such as sulfur. The content of the crosslinking agent is, for example, more than 0.1 part by mass and less than 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Note that the sulfur content is a pure sulfur content and is a content excluding an oil component in a case where insoluble sulfur is used.

Examples of the sulfur include powdered sulfur, precipitated sulfur, colloidal sulfur, insoluble sulfur, highly dispersible sulfur and soluble sulfur commonly used in the rubber industry. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

Note that as the sulfur, it is possible to use a product manufactured by, for example, Tsurumi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Karuizawa Sulfur Co., Ltd., SHIKOKU CHEMICALS CORPORATION, FLEXSYS, Nippon Inui Kogyo Co., Ltd. or NIPPON KANRYU INDUSTRY CO., LTD.

• Hybridvernetzungsmittel), hergestellt von Lanxess AG, oder ein organisches Peroxid, wie beispielsweise Dicumylperoxid, zu verwenden.

A crosslinking agent other than sulfur may be used. Specifically, it is possible to use, for example, a vulcanizing agent containing sulfur atoms such as TACKIROL V200 manufactured by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd., DURALINK HTS (1,6-hexamethylene sodium dithiosulfate dihydrate) manufactured by FLEXSYS, or KA9188 (1,6-bis(N,N'-dibenzylthiocarbamoyldithio)hexane:

• Hybrid crosslinking agent) manufactured by Lanxess AG or an organic peroxide such as dicumyl peroxide.

In addition, each rubber composition preferably contains a vulcanization accelerator. The content of the vulcanization accelerator is, for example, more than 0.3 parts by mass and less than 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

Examples of the vulcanization accelerator include thiazole-based vulcanization accelerators such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide; thiuram-based vulcanization accelerators such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD) and tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)thiuram disulfide (TOT-N); sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerators such as N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, Nt-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, N-oxyethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-oxyethylene-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide sulfenamide and N,N'-diisopropyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide; and guanidine-based vulcanization accelerators such as diphenylguanidine, diortho-tolylguanidine and ortho-tolylbiguanidine. These may be used alone, or two or more kinds of them may be used in combination.

(b-9) Other

In addition to each of the components described above, each rubber composition may be blended as required with additives commonly used in the tire industry, for example, an organic filler such as a cellulose fiber and an organic peroxide. The contents of these additives are, for example, more than 0.1 part by mass and less than 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

It should be noted that for any rubber composition, the loss tangent (tanδ) can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of carbon black or sulfur, thereby achieving the target loss tangent (tanδ) without requiring excessive trial and error.

In addition, the complex elastic modulus (E*) can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the curable resin component. In addition, the complex elastic modulus (E*) can also be adjusted by adjusting the amount of carbon black or sulfur. In particular, the complex elastic modulus (E*) can be increased by increasing the amount of carbon black or sulfur. However, in a case where the amount of carbon black is increased, the exotherm is increased, and in a case where the amount of sulfur is increased, the exotherm is decreased. Therefore, it is preferable to use such a means that first determines whether or not to use a curable resin component and determines the mixing amount, subsequently adjusts the amount of sulfur, and finally adjusts the amount of carbon black, whereby the target complex elastic modulus (E*) can be achieved without requiring excessive trial and error.

(2) Production of each rubber composition

Each rubber composition can be produced according to a conventional method, for example, a production method including a basic kneading process of kneading a rubber component and a filler such as carbon black, and a final kneading process of kneading the kneaded product obtained in the basic kneading process and a crosslinking agent.

Kneading can be carried out using a known kneader (of the closed type), such as a Banbury mixer, a kneader or an open roller.

In the basic kneading process, a kneading temperature is, for example, higher than 50 °C and lower than 200 °C, and a kneading time is, for example, more than 30 seconds and less than 30 minutes. In the basic kneading process, a mixing agent used in the prior art in the rubber industry, for example, a softening agent such as oil, stearic acid, zinc oxide, an antioxidant, a wax or a vulcanization accelerator, may be appropriately added and kneaded in addition to the above-described components as needed.

In the final kneading process, the kneaded product obtained in the basic kneading process and a crosslinking agent are kneaded. In the final kneading process, a kneading temperature is, for example, more than room temperature and less than 80°C, and a kneading time is, for example, more than 1 minute and less than 15 minutes. In the final kneading process, in addition to the components described above, a vulcanization accelerator, zinc oxide or the like may be appropriately added and kneaded as needed.

The respective rubber compositions obtained as described above can be formed into a clinch, a bead tapex and a tread, respectively, by subjecting them to an extrusion process into a predetermined shape.

3. Manufacturing of tires

The tire according to the present embodiment can be manufactured according to a conventional method except that an electronic component is embedded during molding. First, the respective rubber compositions obtained above are poured into a pre- molded into a specific shape to produce a clinch, a bead tapex and a tread respectively. Next, they are combined with other rubber elements on a tire molding machine, producing an unvulcanized tire.

Specifically, an inner liner as a member for ensuring the airtightness holding property of the tire, a carcass as a member that withstands the load, impact and inflation air pressure applied to the tire, a belt member as a member that tightly tightens the carcass and increases the rigidity of the tread, and the like are wound on a forming drum, and a bead portion as a member for fixing the tire to the rim while attaching both ends of the carcass to edge parts on the both sides is arranged to be formed into a toroidal shape. Then, the tread is bonded to a center part of an outer circumference, and the sidewall is bonded to an outer side in the radial direction to form a side part, thereby producing an unvulcanized tire. In this unvulcanized tire production process, an electronic component is embedded in a predetermined position.

Thereafter, the produced unvulcanized tire is subjected to heating and pressurization in a vulcanizing machine to obtain a tire. The vulcanization process can be carried out by applying a known vulcanizing agent. A vulcanization temperature is, for example, higher than 120 °C and lower than 200 °C, and a vulcanization time is, for example, more than 5 minutes and less than 15 minutes.

As described above, in the tire to be obtained, the electronic component is provided between the clinch and the carcass layer, which are assumed to have a small amount of deformation around the electronic component during running, and the product of the sum of the loss tangent of the bead ply and the clinch and the length of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is appropriately controlled, whereby the deformation of the clinch can be suppressed. As a result, the occurrence of the peeling of the electronic component is sufficiently suppressed, whereby it is possible to improve durability of an electronic component during running with the electronic component attached to a tire.

Furthermore, the tire according to the present invention can be suitably used as a tire for a passenger car, a tire for a large passenger car, a tire for a large SUV, a tire for a truck/bus, a tire for a motorcycle, a racing tire, a studless tire (a tire for winter), an all-season tire, a run-flat tire or the like. In particular, it is preferably used as a tire for a passenger car.

[Examples]

Hereinafter, examples (examples) which are considered preferable in carrying out the present embodiment are shown, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Tires (tire size: 195/65R15 (Test 1), 155/60R16 (Test 2), and 215/50R17 (Test 3)) were tested and the test results are shown in Tables 4 to 9, wherein each of the tires is composed of a clinch, a bead pex, a tread, and other rubber members, wherein the clinch, the bead pex, and the tread are respectively formed of a rubber composition for a clinch, a rubber composition for a bead pex, and a rubber composition for a tread based on various blend materials shown below and in Tables 1 to 3.

1. Production of any rubber composition

A rubber composition for a clinch, a rubber composition for a tread and a rubber composition for a bead tapex are produced using various blend materials shown below.

• (1) Mixed material
• (a) Rubber component
• (a-1) NO: TSR20
• (a-2) SBR-1: SBR1502, manufactured by ENEOS Materials Corporation
• (Styrene content: 23.5% by mass, vinyl content: 16% by mass, not oil extended)
• (a-3) SBR-2: SE-0212 (modified S-SBR), manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
• (Styrene content: 25% by mass, vinyl content: 61% by mass, not oil extended)
• (a-4) SBR-3: A modified SBR obtained according to the method shown in the next paragraph
• (Styrene content: 25% by mass, vinyl content: 25% by mass, Tg: -51 °C, not oil extended)
• (a-4) BR: UBEPOL BR150B (high cis BR), manufactured by UBE Corporation
• (Mw: 440,000, cis-1,4 bond content: 96 mass%)

(Production of SBR-3)

The SBR-3 is produced according to the following procedure. First, two autoclaves having an internal volume of 10 L, an inlet at a bottom part and an outlet at a top part, and to which a stirrer and a jacket are attached are connected in series as a reactor, and butadiene, styrene and cyclohexane are mixed in a predetermined ratio. This mixed solution is mixed with n-butyllithium in a static mixer to remove impurities via a dehydrogenation column filled with activated alumina, and is then continuously supplied from the bottom part of a first reactor. Further, 2,2-bis(2-oxolanyl)propane as a polar substance and n-butyllithium as a polymerization initiator are each continuously supplied at a predetermined rate from the bottom part of the first reactor, and the temperature on the inside of the reactor is maintained at 95°C. The polymer solution is continuously extracted from the top part of the reactor and is supplied to a second reactor. The temperature of the second reactor is maintained at 95°C, and a mixture of tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane (monomer) as a modifier and an oligomer component is continuously added at a predetermined rate as a solution diluted 1,000 times with cyclohexane, thereby conducting a modification reaction. This polymer solution is continuously extracted from the reactor, an antioxidant is continuously added thereto using a static mixer, and then the solvent is removed to obtain a modified target diene-based polymer (SBR-3).

The vinyl content (unit: mass %) of SBR-3 obtained above can be determined from the absorption intensity in the vicinity of 910 cm ^-1 which is an absorption peak of the vinyl group according to infrared spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the styrene content (unit: mass %) can be determined from the refractive index in accordance with JIS K6383: 1995.

• (b) Mixed material other than rubber component
• (b-1) Carbon black-1: DIABLACK N330, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
• (Average particle diameter: 31 nm, CTAB: 78 m ² /g, N ₂ SA: 79 m ² /g)
• (b-2) Carbon black-2: DIABLACK N220, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
• (N ₂ SA: 115 m ² /g)
• (b-3) Silicon dioxide: ULTRASIL VN3, manufactured by Evonik Industries AG
• (N ₂ SA: 175 m ² /g, average primary particle diameter: 17 nm)
• (b-4) Silane coupling agent: Si266, manufactured by Evonik Industries AG
• (Bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide)
• (b-5) Oil: VivaTec 500 (TDAE oil), manufactured by H&R Group
• (b-6) Thermosetting resin: PR12686, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.
• (Phenolic resin modified with cashew nut oil)
• (b-7) Resin-1: Petrotack 100V, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
• (C5C9-based petroleum resin, softening point: 96 °C)
• (b-8) Resin-2: SYLVATRAXX 4401, manufactured by Kraton Corporation
• (α-methylstyrene-based resin (AMS))
• (b-9) Stearic acid: Pearl-shaped stearic acid “Tsubaki” manufactured by NOF Corporation
• (b-10) Antioxidant-1: NOCRAC 6C, manufactured by OUCHI SHINKO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
• (N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine)
• (b-11) Antioxidant-2: NOCRAC RD, manufactured by OUCHI SHINKO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
• (Poly(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline))
• (b-12) Zinc oxide: Two kinds of zinc oxide manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd.
• (b-13) Sulfur: Powdered sulfur manufactured by Karuizawa Sulfur Co., Ltd.
• (b-14) Accelerator-1: NOCCELER NS, manufactured by OUCHI SHINKO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
• (N-tert-Butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide: TBBS)
• (b-15) Accelerator-2: NOCCELER H, manufactured by OUCHI SHINKO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
• (Hexamethylenetetramine: HMT)
• (b-16) Accelerator-3: NOCCELER D, manufactured by OUCHI SHINKO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
• (1,3-Diphenylguanidine: DPG)
• (b-17) Accelerator-4: SANCELER NS-GD, manufactured by SANSHIN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
• (N-tert-Butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide: TBzTD)

(2) Rubber composition for clinch

A kneaded product is obtained by kneading materials other than sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator for 5 minutes under a condition of 150 °C using a Banbury mixer according to each blending amount shown in Table 1. Note that each blending amount is in parts by mass.

Next, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator are added to the kneaded product, followed by kneading for 5 minutes under a condition of 80 °C using an open roll to obtain rubber compositions for clinch, CA-1 to CA-6.
[Table 1] material CA-1 CA-2 CA-3 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 (Mixture) NO 45 45 45 45 45 45 BR 55 55 55 55 55 55 Soot-1 64 62 67 65 62 62 oil 2 6 17 24 18 28 Resin-1 2 2 2 2 13 13 Stearic acid 3 3 3 3 3 3 Antioxidant -1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Antioxidants -2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 zinc oxide 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 sulfur 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.33 Accelerator-1 3, 1 3.1 3, 1 3, 1 3, 1 3, 1 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδ 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 70 °CE* (MPa) 14,00 12,00 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00

(3) Production of rubber compositions for Wulstapex

In parallel, on the basis of each mixture shown in Table 2, rubber compositions for a bead tapex, BA-1 to BA-6, are obtained in the same manner as in the production of the rubber composition for a clinch.
[Table 2] material BA-1 BA-2 BA-3 BA-4 BA-5 BA-6 (Mixture) NO 70 70 70 70 70 70 SBR-1 30 30 30 30 30 30 Soot-1 72 68 59 59 59 55 oil 4 7 7 20 31 31 Thermosetting resin 10 10 10 10 10 10 Resin-1 15 17 17 13 8 6 Stearic acid 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 zinc oxide 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 sulfur 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Accelerator-1 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.35 Accelerator-2 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδ 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.16 70 °CE* (MPa) 25.00 20,00 15,00 12,00 11,00 10.00

(4) Production of rubber compositions for tread

In parallel, on the basis of each mixture shown in Table 3, rubber compositions for a tread, TR-1 to TR-4, are obtained in the same manner as in the production of the rubber composition for a clinch.
[Table 3] material TR-1 TR-2 TR-3 TR-4 (Mixture) NO 13 13 13 13 SBR-2 36 36 36 36 SBR-3 42 42 42 42 BR 9 9 9 9 Soot-2 5 5 27 40 Silicon dioxide 70 80 90 90 Silane coupling agents 5.6 6, 4 7.2 7.2 oil 24 26 34 34 Resin-2 5 5 5 5 Stearic acid 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Antioxidant-1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Antioxidant-2 1 1 1 1 zinc oxide 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 sulfur 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Accelerator-1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Accelerator-3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Accelerator-4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 (Physical properties) 30 °C-tanδ 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.30 0 °C-tanδ 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60

2. Forming of clinch, bead tapex and tread

Next, the respective rubber compositions obtained above are used to be molded into a clinch, a bead tapex and a tread each of which has a predetermined shape.

Note that, among the physical properties shown in Table 1 to Table 3, the 70 °C tanδ, the 30 °C tanδ, and the 0 °C tanδ are obtained by subjecting test pieces produced by cutting them out from each tire to have a length of 20 mm, a width of 4 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm to measurements at temperatures set to 70 °C, 30 °C, and 0 °C, respectively, under conditions of a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and under a condition of a tensile deformation mode by using “EPLEXOR (registered trademark)” manufactured by GABO Co., Ltd.

In addition, the 70 °C-E* is obtained by subjecting the test piece produced in the same manner to measurement under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1% and under a condition of a tensile deformation mode by using “EPLEXOR (registered trademark)” manufactured by GABO Co., Ltd.

It is to be noted that in a case where the test piece is produced, a longitudinal direction and a circumferential direction of the test piece are set to coincide with each other. Further, in a case of the tread, a thickness direction of the test piece is set to coincide with the radial direction of the tire, and in a case where the thickness of each element is less than 1 mm, a test piece having a certain thickness at the thickest point on a tire equatorial plane of each element is collected. For example, in a case of performing measurement with an inner liner having a thickness of 2 mm on the equatorial plane of the tire, the measurement is performed using a test piece having a length of 20 mm, a width of 4 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, and in the case of performing measurement with an inner liner having a thickness of 0.5 mm on the equatorial plane of the tire, the measurement is performed using a test piece having a length of 20 mm, a width of 4 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.

3. Manufacturing of tires

Next, the clinch, bead tapex and tread obtained above are bonded together with other tire elements in the combinations shown in Table 4 to Table 9 to form an unvulcanized tire, which is then subjected to press vulcanization for 10 minutes under a condition of 170 °C to prepare each test tire shown in Table 4 to Table 9.

It is to be noted that, at the time of forming the unvulcanized tire, an electronic component (RFID) having the size shown in Table 4 to Table 9 (the weight W (g) and the length L (mm) in the longitudinal direction) is embedded at an embedding position shown in Table 4 to Table 9. In this case, a plating layer containing copper and nickel is formed in advance, and a rubber coating layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm is provided on a surface of the electronic component. It is to be noted that in Table 4 to Table 9, an embedding position 1 indicates that an electronic component is embedded between the carcass layer and the clinch (see 1 ), and an embedding position 2 indicates that an electronic component is embedded between the carcass layer and the sidewall portion (see 3 ).

4. Calculation of parameters

Next, for each test tire (a tire is different from the tire from which the test piece is collected), the tire weight (kg), section height Ht (mm) and outer diameter Dt (mm) are measured, and based on the measured values, the maximum load capacity (kg) is calculated. At the same time, D1, D2 and D3 are measured.

Then (70 °C-E*BA + 70 °C-E*CA) × L, tire weight/maximum load capacity, 70 °C-tanδCA × L, 70 °C-tanδBA × L, (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA)/L, D1 × W, D2/D3, 70 °C-tanδBA × D1, (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1, (70 °C-E*BA/70 °C-E*CA) × D1 and 70 °C-E*BA/D1 are calculated.

5. Performance evaluation test (evaluation of durability of electronic components of tires during driving)

(1) Test procedure

Each test tire is installed on all wheels of a vehicle (a domestic FF vehicle, displacement: 2,000 cc), filled with air so that the internal pressure reaches 230 kPa, and then subjected to driving on a test track in an overloaded state. In this case, before driving, a driver performs a reading test on the electronic component to check the reading performance. In the test, driving on a protrusion provided on a road surface and normal driving are repeated, and a speed at a time when the driver feels an abnormality in the reading performance in a case where the speed is gradually increased from a speed of 50 km/h is recorded.

(2) Assessment procedures

[Tabelle 4] Beispiel 1-1 Beispiel 1-2 Beispiel 1-3 Beispiel 1-4 Beispiel 1-5 Beispiel 1-6 Beispiel 1-7 Beispiel 1-8 Beispiel 1-9 Beispiel 1-10 Reifen Reifengröße 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 Reifengewicht (kg) 8,0 8,0 8,0 7,5 7,2 7,1 7,1 7,4 7,5 7,1 Querschnittshöhe Ht (mm) 127 127 125 127 126 125 129 127 128 127 Außendurchmesser Dt (mm) 635 635 631 635 633 631 639 635 637 635 Maximale Lastkapazität (kg) 534 535 526 535 530 526 543 535 539 535 (Mischung) Clinch CA-1 CA-1 CA-2 CA-2 CA-3 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-5 Wulstapex BA-1 BA-2 BA-3 BA-4 BA-1 BA-6 BA-2 BA-4 BA-3 BA-6 Laufflächenabschnitt TR-3 TR-3 TR-1 TR-2 TR-3 TR-3 TR-2 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physikalische Eigenschaften) 70 °C-tanδCA 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,18 0, 18 70 °C-E*CA (MPa) 14,00 14,00 12,00 12,00 10,00 10,00 8,00 8, 00 6,00 6,00 30 °C-tanδTR 0,25 0,25 0,13 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,15 0,25 0,30 0,30 0°C-tanδTR 0,55 0,55 0,45 0,50 0,55 0,55 0,50 0,55 0,60 0,60 70 °C-tanδBA 0,25 0,25 0,22 0,20 0,25 0,16 0,25 0,20 0,22 0,16 70 °C-E*BA (MPa) 25,00 20,00 15,00 12,00 25,00 10,00 20,00 12,00 15,00 10,00 Abstand D3 (mm) von Maximalbreie zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 Elektronische Komponente Einbettungsposition 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Gewicht W(g) 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 Länge L (mm) in Längsrichtung 60 50 60 50 60 90 60 50 60 80 Abstand D1 (mm) zu Außenoberfläche von Reifen 5,0 4, 0 5,0 5,0 5,0 4, 0 5,0 3,5 3,5 3,5 Abstand D2 (mm) von Mittelposition zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 40 40 45 Parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 22,8 19,0 21,0 16,5 24,0 27,9 24,0 17,5 24,0 27,2 Reifengewicht/maximale Lastkapazität 0,0150 0,0150 0,0152 0,0140 0,0136 0,0135 0,0131 0,0138 0,0139 0,0133 70 °C-tanδCA × L 7,8 6,5 7,8 6,5 9,0 13,5 9,0 7,5 10,8 14,4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 15,0 12,5 13,2 10,0 15,0 14,4 15,0 10,0 13,2 12,8 (70 °C-E*BA + 70 °C-E*CA)/L 0,650 0, 680 0,450 0,480 0, 583 0,222 0,467 0,400 0,350 0,200 D1 × W 2,00 1,60 2,00 2,00 2,00 1,60 2,00 1,40 1,40 1,40 D2/D3 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 0,69 0,69 0,78 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1,25 1,00 1,10 1,00 1,25 0, 64 1,25 0,70 0,77 0,56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1,90 1,52 1,75 1,65 2,00 1,24 2,00 1,23 1,40 1,19 (70 °C-E*BA/70 °C-E*CA) × D1 8, 9 5, 7 6,3 5,0 12,5 4, 0 12,5 5,3 8,8 5,8 70 °C-E*BA/D1 5,0 5,0 3,0 2,4 5,0 2,5 4, 0 3, 4 4, 3 2,9 Bewertung (Haltbarkeit von elektronischer Komponente während Fahren) Ergebnis 140 135 130 135 150 125 145 135 135 125
[Tabelle 5] Vergleichsb eispiel 1-1 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-2 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-3 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-4 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-5 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-6 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-7 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-8 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-9 Vergleichsb eispiel 1-10 Reifen Reifengröße 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 Reifengewicht (kg) 8,1 8,0 7,5 7,7 7,3 7,5 7,9 7,8 7,5 8,0 Querschnittshöhe Ht (mm) 129 128 128 129 127 125 126 127 128 127 Außendurchmesser Dt (mm) 635 634 637 631 635 631 634 635 637 635 Maximale Lastkapazität (kg) 535 533 539 526 535 526 533 535 539 535 (Mischung) Clinch CA-1 CA-2 CA-5 CA-6 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 CA-6 Wulstapex BA-2 BA-3 BA-2 BA-5 BA-5 BA-5 BA-6 BA-6 BA-5 BA-6 Laufflächenabschnitt TR-1 TR-4 TR-2 TR-4 TR-3 TR-4 TR-3 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Phsikalische Eienschaften) 70 °C-tanδCA 0,13 0,13 0,18 0,18 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,18 0,18 0,18 70 °C-E*CA (MPa) 14,00 12,00 6,00 5,00 10,00 8,00 8,00 6,00 5,00 5,00 30 °C-tanδTR 0,13 0,30 0,15 0,30 0,25 0,30 0,25 0,25 0,30 0,30 0°C-tanδTR 0,45 0,60 0,50 0,60 0,55 0,60 0,55 0,55 0,60 0,60 70 °C-tanδBA 0,25 0,22 0,25 0, 18 0,18 0,18 0,16 0,16 0,18 0,16 70 °C-E*BA (MPa) 20,00 15,00 20,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 10,00 10,00 11,00 10,00 Abstand D3 (mm) von Maximalbreite zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 Elektronische Komponente Einbettungsposition 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Gewicht W(g) 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 Länge L (mm) in Längsrichtung 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 70 80 Abstand D1 (mm) zu Außenoberfläche von Reifen 4,0 4,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 4,0 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 Abstand D2 (mm) von Mittelposition zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 20 Parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 38,0 31,5 38,7 32,4 26,4 26,4 24,8 27,2 25,2 27,2 Reifengewicht/maximale Lastkapazität 0,0151 0,0150 0,0139 0,0146 0,0137 0,0143 0,0148 0,0146 0,0139 0,0150 70 °C-tanδCA × L 13,0 11,7 16,2 16,2 12,0 12,0 12,0 14,4 12,6 14,4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 25,0 19,8 22,5 16,2 14,4 14,4 12,8 12,8 12,6 12,8 (70 °C-E*BA + 70 °C-E*CA) /L) 0,340 0,300 0,289 0, 178 0,263 0,238 0,225 0,200 0,229 0, 188 D1 × W 1,60 1,60 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,60 1,40 1,40 1,40 1,40 D2/D3 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12 0, 34 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1,00 0,88 1,13 0,72 0,63 0,72 0,56 0,56 0,63 0,56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1,52 1,40 1,94 1,44 1,16 1,32 1,09 1,19 1,26 1,19 (70 °C-E*BA/70 °C-E*CA) × D1 5,7 5,0 15,0 8,8 3,9 5,5 4,4 5,8 7,7 7,0 70 °C-E*BA/D1 5,0 3, 8 4,4 2,8 3,1 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,1 2,9 Bewertung (Haltbarkeit von elektronischer Komponente während Fahren) Ergebnis 100 75 75 70 90 85 85 75 75 70
[Tabelle 6] Beispiel 2-1 Beispiel 2-2 Beispiel 2-3 Beispiel 2-4 Beispiel 2-5 Beispiel 2-6 Beispiel 2-7 Beispiel 2-8 Beispiel 2-9 Beispiel 2-10 Reifen Reifengröße 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 Reifengewicht (kg) 5,3 5,3 5,2 5,1 5,0 5,1 5,0 5,3 5,2 5,1 Querschnittshöhe Ht (mm) 93 93 92 92 94 93 95 94 93 93 Außendurchmesser Dt (mm) 592 594 593 592 594 590 595 594 593 592 Maximale Lastkapazität (kg) 349 351 350 348 351 345 353 351 350 348 (Mischung) Clinch CA-1 CA-1 CA-2 CA-2 CA-3 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-5 Wulstapex BA-1 BA-2 BA-3 BA-4 BA-1 BA-6 BA-2 BA-4 BA-3 BA-6 Laufflächenabschnitt TR-3 TR-3 TR-1 TR-2 TR-3 TR-3 TR-2 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physikalische Eigenschaften) 70 °C-tanδCA 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,18 0,18 70 ° C-E*CA (MPa) 14,00 14,00 12,00 12,00 10,00 10,00 8,00 8,00 6,00 6,00 30 °C-tanδTR 0,25 0,25 0,13 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,15 0,25 0,30 0,30 0°C-tanδTR 0,55 0,55 0,45 0,50 0,55 0,55 0,50 0,55 0,60 0,60 70 °C-tanδBA 0,25 0,25 0,22 0,20 0,25 0,16 0,25 0,20 0,22 0,16 70 °C-E*BA (MPa) 25,00 20,00 15,00 12,00 25,00 10,00 20,00 12,00 15,00 10,00 Abstand D3 (mm) von Maximalbreite zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 Elektronische Komponente Einbettungsposition 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Gewicht W(g) 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 Länge L (mm) in Längsrichtung 60 50 60 50 60 90 60 50 60 80 Abstand D1 (mm) zu Außenoberfläche von Reifen 5,0 4,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 4,0 5,0 3,5 3,5 3,5 Abstand D2 (mm) von Mittelposition zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 40 40 45 Parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 22,8 19,0 21,0 16,5 24,0 27,9 24,0 17,5 24,0 27,2 Reifengewicht/maximale Lastkapazität 0,0152 0,0151 0,0149 0,0146 0,0142 0,0148 0,0142 0,0151 0,0149 0,0146 70 °C-tanδCA × L 7,8 6,5 7,8 6,5 9,0 13,5 9,0 7,5 10,8 14,4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 15,0 12,5 13,2 10,0 15,0 14,4 15,0 10,0 13,2 12,8 (70 °C-E*BA + 70 °C-E*CA)/L) 0,650 0,680 0,450 0,480 0,583 0,222 0,467 0,400 0,350 0,200 D1 × W 2,00 1,60 2,00 2,00 2,00 1,60 2,00 1,40 1,40 1,40 D2/D3 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 0,95 0,95 1,07 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1,25 1,00 1,10 1,00 1,25 0,64 1,25 0,70 0,77 0,56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1,90 1,52 1,75 1,65 2,00 1,24 2,00 1,23 1,40 1,19 (70 °C-E*BA/70 °C-E*CA) × D1 8,9 5,7 6,3 5,0 12,5 4,0 12,5 5,3 8,8 5,8 70 °C-E*BA/D1 5,0 5,0 3,0 2,4 5,0 2,5 4,0 3,4 4,3 2,9 Bewertung (Haltbarkeit von elektronischer Komponente während Fahren) Ergebnis 140 135 135 135 150 125 140 130 140 125
[Tabelle 7] Vergleichsb eispiel 2-1 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-2 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-3 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-4 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-5 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-6 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-7 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-8 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-9 Vergleichsb eispiel 2-10 Reifen Reifengröße 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 Reifengewicht (kg) 5,3 5,2 5,2 5,2 5,2 5,3 5,2 5,2 5,2 5,3 Querschnittshöhe Ht (mm) 95 95 93 95 93 95 93 95 93 95 Außendurchmesser Dt (mm) 594 593 593 592 594 592 593 592 594 592 Maximale Lastkapazität (kg) 351 350 350 348 351 348 350 348 351 348 (Mischung) Clinch CA-1 CA-2 CA-5 CA-6 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 CA-6 Wulstapex BA-2 BA-3 BA-2 BA-5 BA-5 BA-5 BA-6 BA-6 BA-5 BA-6 Laufflächenabschnitt TR-1 TR-4 TR-2 TR-4 TR-3 TR-4 TR-3 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physikalische Eigenschaften) 70 °C-tanδCA 0,13 0,13 0,18 0,18 0,15 0,15 0,15 0, 18 0, 18 0, 18 70 °C-E*CA (MPa) 14,00 12,00 6,00 5,00 10,00 8,00 8,00 6,00 5,00 5,00 30 °C-tanδTR 0,13 0,30 0,15 0,30 0,25 0,30 0,25 0,25 0,30 0,30 0°C-tanδTR 0,45 0,60 0,50 0,60 0,55 0,60 0,55 0,55 0,60 0,60 70 °C-tanδBA 0,25 0,22 0,25 0,18 0,18 0,18 0,16 0,16 0,18 0,16 70 °C-E*BA (MPa) 20,00 15,00 20,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 10,00 10,00 11,00 10,00 Abstand D3 (mm) von Maximalbreite zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 Elektronische Komponente Einbettungsposition 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Gewicht W(g) 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 Länge L (mm) in Längsrichtung 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 70 80 Abstand D1 (mm) zu Außenoberfläche von Reifen 4,0 4,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 4,0 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 Abstand D2 (mm) von Mittelposition zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 20 Parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 38,0 31,5 38,7 32,4 26,4 26,4 24,8 27,2 25,2 27,2 Reifengewicht/maximale Lastkapazität 0,0151 0,0149 0,0149 0,0149 0,0148 0,0152 0,0149 0,0149 0,0148 0,0152 70 °C-tanδCA × L 13,0 11,7 16,2 16,2 12,0 12,0 12,0 14,4 12,6 14,4 70 ° C-tanδBA × L 25,0 19,8 22,5 16,2 14,4 14,4 12,8 12,8 12,6 12,8 (70 °C-E*BA + 70 °C-E*CA) /L) 0,340 0,300 0,289 0,178 0,263 0,238 0,225 0,200 0,229 0,188 D 1× W 1,60 1,60 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,60 1,40 1,40 1,40 1,40 D2/D3 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 1,55 0,48 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1,00 0,88 1,13 0,72 0,63 0,72 0,56 0,56 0,63 0,56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1,52 1,40 1,94 1,44 1,16 1,32 1,09 1,19 1,26 1,19 (70 °C-E*BA/70 °C-E*CA) × D1 5,7 5,0 15,0 8,8 3,9 5,5 4,4 5,8 7,7 7,0 70 °C-E*BA/D1 5,0 3,8 4,4 2,8 3,1 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,1 2,9 Bewertung (Haltbarkeit von elektronischer Komponente während Fahren) Ergebnis 100 75 75 70 90 80 85 75 80 70
[Tabelle 8] Beispiel 3-1 Beispiel 3-2 Beispiel 3-3 Beispiel 3-4 Beispiel 3-5 Beispiel 3-6 Beispiel 3-7 Beispiel 3-8 Beispiel 3-9 Beispiel 3-10 Reifen Reifengröße 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 Reifengewicht (kg) 8,0 7,8 7,7 7,9 7,5 7,1 7,1 7,0 7,5 7,2 Querschnittshöhe Ht (mm) 108 106 106 108 110 107 106 110 108 105 Außendurchmesser Dt (mm) 647 645 647 647 649 650 648 646 646 647 Maximale Lastkapazität (kg) 531 526 531 531 536 538 534 529 529 531 (Mischung) Clinch CA-1 CA-1 CA-2 CA-2 CA-3 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-5 Wulstapex BA-1 BA-2 BA-3 BA-4 BA-1 BA-6 BA-2 BA-4 BA-3 BA-6 Laufflächenabschnitt TR-3 TR-3 TR-1 TR-2 TR-3 TR-3 TR-2 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physikalische Eigenschaften) 70 °C-tanδCA 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,18 0,18 70 °C-E*CA (MPa) 14,00 14,00 12,00 12,00 10,00 10,00 8,00 8,00 6,00 6,00 30 °C-tanδTR 0,25 0,25 0,13 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,15 0,25 0,30 0,30 0°C-tanδTR 0,55 0,55 0,45 0,50 0,55 0,55 0,50 0,55 0,60 0,60 70 °C-tanδBA 0,25 0,25 0,22 0,20 0,25 0,16 0,25 0,20 0,22 0,16 70 °C-E*BA (MPa) 25,00 20,00 15,00 12,00 25,00 10,00 20,00 12,00 15,00 10,00 Abstand D3 (mm) von Maximalbreite zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 Elektronische Komponente Einbettungsposition 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Gewicht W(g) 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 Länge L (mm) in Längsrichtung 60 50 60 50 60 90 60 50 60 80 Abstand D1 (mm) zu Außenoberfläche von Reifen 5,0 4,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 4,0 5,0 3,5 3,5 3,5 Abstand D2 (mm) von Mittelposition zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 40 40 45 Parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 22,8 19,0 21,0 16,5 24,0 27,9 24,0 17,5 24,0 27,2 Reifengewicht/maximale Lastkapazität 0,0151 0,0148 0,0145 0,0149 0,0140 0,0132 0,0133 0,0132 0,0142 0,0136 70 °C-tanδCA × L 7,8 6,5 7,8 6,5 9,0 13,5 9,0 7,5 10,8 14,4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 15,0 12,5 13,2 10,0 15,0 14,4 15,0 10,0 13,2 12,8 (70 °C-E*BA + 70 °C-E*CA) /L) 0,650 0,680 0,450 0,480 0,583 0,222 0,467 0,400 0,350 0,200 D1 × W 2,00 1,60 2,00 2,00 2,00 1,60 2,00 1,40 1,40 1,40 D2/D3 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 0,82 0,82 0,92 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1,25 1,00 1,10 1,00 1,25 0,64 1,25 0,70 0,77 0,56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1,90 1,52 1,75 1,65 2,00 1,24 2,00 1,23 1,40 1,19 (70 °C-E*BA/70 °C-E*CA) × D1 8,9 5,7 6,3 5,0 12,5 4,0 12,5 5,3 8,8 5,8 70 °C-E*BA/D1 5,0 5,0 3,0 2,4 5,0 2,5 4,0 3,4 4,3 2,9 Bewertung (Haltbarkeit von elektronischer Komponente während Fahren) Ergebnis 140 140 130 135 150 125 145 135 140 125
[Tabelle 9] Vergleichsb eispiel 3-1 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-2 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-3 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-4 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-5 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-6 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-7 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-8 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-9 Vergleichsb eispiel 3-10 Reifen Reifengröße 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 Reifengewicht (kg) 7,5 7,2 7,1 7,3 7,2 7,1 7,2 7,8 7,5 7,8 Querschnittshöhe Ht (mm) 105 108 108 105 106 106 107 108 108 107 Außendurchmesser Dt (mm) 648 648 646 645 647 647 648 646 647 647 Maximale Lastkapazität (kg) 534 534 529 526 531 531 534 529 531 531 (Mischung) Clinch CA-1 CA-2 CA-5 CA-6 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 CA-6 Wulstapex BA-2 BA-3 BA-2 BA-5 BA-5 BA-5 BA-6 BA-6 BA-5 BA-6 Laufflächenabschnitt TR-1 TR-4 TR-2 TR-4 TR-3 TR-4 TR-3 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physikalische Eigenschaften) 70 °C-tanδCA 0,13 0,13 0,18 0,18 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,18 0,18 0,18 70 °C-E*CA (MPa) 14,00 12,00 6,00 5,00 10,00 8,00 8,00 6,00 5,00 5,00 30 °C-tanδTR 0,13 0,30 0,15 0,30 0,25 0,30 0,25 0,25 0,30 0,30 0°C-tanδTR 0,45 0,60 0,50 0,60 0,55 0,60 0,55 0,55 0,60 0,60 70 °C-tanδBA 0,25 0,22 0,25 0,18 0,18 0,18 0,16 0,16 0,18 0,16 70 °C-E*BA (MPa) 20,00 15,00 20,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 10,00 10,00 11,00 10,00 Abstand D3 (mm) von Maximalbreite zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 Elektronische Komponente Einbettungsposition 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Gewicht W (g) 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 Länge L (mm) in Längsrichtung 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 70 80 Abstand D1 (mm) zu Außenoberfläche von Reifen 4,0 4,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 4,0 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 Abstand D2 (mm) von Mittelposition zu unterem Ende von Wulstkern 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 20 Parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 38,0 31,5 38,7 32,4 26,4 26,4 24,8 27,2 25,2 27,2 Reifengewicht/maximale Lastkapazität 0,0141 0,0135 0,0134 0,0139 0,0136 0,0134 0,0135 0,0147 0,0141 0,0147 70 °C-tanδCA × L 13,0 11,7 16,2 16,2 12,0 12,0 12,0 14,4 12,6 14,4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 25,0 19,8 22,5 16,2 14,4 14,4 12,8 12,8 12,6 12,8 (70 °C-E*BA + 70 °C-E*CA) /L) 0,340 0,300 0,289 0,178 0,263 0,238 0,225 0,200 0,229 0,188 D1 × W 1,60 1,60 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,60 1,40 1,40 1,40 1,40 D2/D3 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 1,33 0,41 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1,00 0,88 1,13 0,72 0,63 0,72 0,56 0,56 0,63 0,56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1,52 1,40 1,94 1,44 1,16 1,32 1,09 1,19 1,26 1,19 (70 °C-E*BA/70 °C-E*CA) × D1 5,7 5,0 15,0 8,8 3,9 5,5 4,4 5,8 7,7 7,0 70 °C-E*BA/D1 5,0 3,8 4,4 2,8 3,1 2,8 2,9 2,9 3,1 2,9 Bewertung (Haltbarkeit von elektronischer Komponente während Fahren) Ergebnis 100 70 75 70 90 85 85 80 75 70 Next, by setting the results of Comparative Example 1 (Comparative Example 1-1, Comparative Example 2-1, and Comparative Example 3-1) of each experiment to 100, indexing is performed based on the following expression to evaluate the durability of the tire during driving. It is indicated that the larger the numerical value is, the better the durability of the electronic component of the tire during driving is. $$\begin{array}{l}\text{Durability of electronic components of tires}\\ \text{w}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{while driving}\\ \text{=}[\left(\text{Result of test tires}\right)/(\text{Result of}\\ \text{Comparison example 1})]\times 100\end{array}$$

[Table 4] Example 1-1 Example 1-2 Example 1-3 Example 1-4 Example 1-5 Example 1-6 Example 1-7 Example 1-8 Example 1-9 Example 1-10 Tires Tire size 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 Tire weight (kg) 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.5 7.1 Cross-sectional height Ht (mm) 127 127 125 127 126 125 129 127 128 127 Outside diameter Dt (mm) 635 635 631 635 633 631 639 635 637 635 Maximum load capacity (kg) 534 535 526 535 530 526 543 535 539 535 (Mixture) clinch CA-1 CA-1 CA-2 CA-2 CA-3 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-5 Bead Apex BA-1 BA-2 BA-3 BA-4 BA-1 BA-6 BA-2 BA-4 BA-3 BA-6 Tread section TR-3 TR-3 TR-1 TR-2 TR-3 TR-3 TR-2 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδCA 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0, 18 70 °CE*CA (MPa) 14,00 14,00 12,00 12,00 10.00 10.00 8.00 8, 00 6.00 6.00 30 °C-tanδTR 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.30 0°C-tanδTR 0.55 0.55 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.60 70 °C-tanδBA 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.16 70 °CE*BA (MPa) 25.00 20,00 15,00 12,00 25.00 10.00 20,00 12,00 15,00 10.00 Distance D3 (mm) from maximum width to lower end of bead core 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 Electronic component Embedding position 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Weight W(g) 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 Length L (mm) in longitudinal direction 60 50 60 50 60 90 60 50 60 80 Distance D1 (mm) to outer surface of tires 5.0 4, 0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4, 0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 Distance D2 (mm) from center position to lower end of bead core 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 40 40 45 parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 22.8 19.0 21.0 16.5 24.0 27.9 24.0 17.5 24.0 27.2 Tire weight/maximum load capacity 0.0150 0.0150 0.0152 0.0140 0.0136 0.0135 0.0131 0.0138 0.0139 0.0133 70 °C-tanδCA × L 7.8 6.5 7.8 6.5 9.0 13.5 9.0 7.5 10.8 14.4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 15.0 12.5 13.2 10.0 15.0 14.4 15.0 10.0 13.2 12.8 (70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA)/L 0.650 0, 680 0.450 0.480 0.583 0.222 0.467 0.400 0.350 0.200 D1 × W 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.60 2.00 1.40 1.40 1.40 D2/D3 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 0.69 0.69 0.78 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1.25 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.25 0.64 1.25 0.70 0.77 0.56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1.90 1.52 1.75 1.65 2.00 1.24 2.00 1.23 1.40 1.19 (70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1 8, 9 5, 7 6.3 5.0 12.5 4, 0 12.5 5.3 8.8 5.8 70 °CE*BA/D1 5.0 5.0 3.0 2.4 5.0 2.5 4, 0 3, 4 4, 3 2.9 Rating (durability of electronic components while driving) Result 140 135 130 135 150 125 145 135 135 125
[Table 5] Comparison example 1-1 Comparison example 1-2 Comparison example 1-3 Comparison example 1-4 Comparison example 1-5 Comparison example 1-6 Comparison example 1-7 Comparison example 1-8 Comparison example 1-9 Comparison example 1-10 Tires Tire size 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 195/65R15 Tire weight (kg) 8.1 8.0 7.5 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.9 7.8 7.5 8.0 Cross-sectional height Ht (mm) 129 128 128 129 127 125 126 127 128 127 Outside diameter Dt (mm) 635 634 637 631 635 631 634 635 637 635 Maximum load capacity (kg) 535 533 539 526 535 526 533 535 539 535 (Mixture) clinch CA-1 CA-2 CA-5 CA-6 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 CA-6 Bead Apex BA-2 BA-3 BA-2 BA-5 BA-5 BA-5 BA-6 BA-6 BA-5 BA-6 Tread section TR-1 TR-4 TR-2 TR-4 TR-3 TR-4 TR-3 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδCA 0.13 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 70 °CE*CA (MPa) 14,00 12,00 6.00 5.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 30 °C-tanδTR 0.13 0.30 0.15 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30 0°C-tanδTR 0.45 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.60 70 °C-tanδBA 0.25 0.22 0.25 0, 18 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.16 70 °CE*BA (MPa) 20,00 15,00 20,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 10.00 10.00 11,00 10.00 Distance D3 (mm) from maximum width to lower end of bead core 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 Electronic component Embedding position 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Weight W(g) 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 0, 4 Length L (mm) in longitudinal direction 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 70 80 Distance D1 (mm) to outer surface of tires 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Distance D2 (mm) from center position to lower end of bead core 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 20 parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 38.0 31.5 38.7 32.4 26.4 26.4 24.8 27.2 25.2 27.2 Tire weight/maximum load capacity 0.0151 0.0150 0.0139 0.0146 0.0137 0.0143 0.0148 0.0146 0.0139 0.0150 70 °C-tanδCA × L 13.0 11.7 16.2 16.2 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.4 12.6 14.4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 25.0 19.8 22.5 16.2 14.4 14.4 12.8 12.8 12.6 12.8 (70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA) /L) 0.340 0.300 0.289 0, 178 0.263 0.238 0.225 0.200 0.229 0, 188 D1 × W 1.60 1.60 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 D2/D3 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 0.34 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1.00 0.88 1.13 0.72 0.63 0.72 0.56 0.56 0.63 0.56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1.52 1.40 1.94 1.44 1.16 1.32 1.09 1.19 1.26 1.19 (70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1 5.7 5.0 15.0 8.8 3.9 5.5 4.4 5.8 7.7 7.0 70 °CE*BA/D1 5.0 3, 8 4.4 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 Rating (durability of electronic components while driving) Result 100 75 75 70 90 85 85 75 75 70
[Table 6] Example 2-1 Example 2-2 Example 2-3 Example 2-4 Example 2-5 Example 2-6 Example 2-7 Example 2-8 Example 2-9 Example 2-10 Tires Tire size 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 Tire weight (kg) 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.1 Cross-sectional height Ht (mm) 93 93 92 92 94 93 95 94 93 93 Outside diameter Dt (mm) 592 594 593 592 594 590 595 594 593 592 Maximum load capacity (kg) 349 351 350 348 351 345 353 351 350 348 (Mixture) clinch CA-1 CA-1 CA-2 CA-2 CA-3 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-5 Bead Apex BA-1 BA-2 BA-3 BA-4 BA-1 BA-6 BA-2 BA-4 BA-3 BA-6 Tread section TR-3 TR-3 TR-1 TR-2 TR-3 TR-3 TR-2 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδCA 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 70 ° CE*CA (MPa) 14,00 14,00 12,00 12,00 10.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 30 °C-tanδTR 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.30 0°C-tanδTR 0.55 0.55 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.60 70 °C-tanδBA 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.16 70 °CE*BA (MPa) 25.00 20,00 15,00 12,00 25.00 10.00 20,00 12,00 15,00 10.00 Distance D3 (mm) from maximum width to lower end of bead core 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 Electronic component Embedding position 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Weight W(g) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Length L (mm) in longitudinal direction 60 50 60 50 60 90 60 50 60 80 Distance D1 (mm) to outer surface of tires 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 Distance D2 (mm) from center position to lower end of bead core 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 40 40 45 parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 22.8 19.0 21.0 16.5 24.0 27.9 24.0 17.5 24.0 27.2 Tire weight/maximum load capacity 0.0152 0.0151 0.0149 0.0146 0.0142 0.0148 0.0142 0.0151 0.0149 0.0146 70 °C-tanδCA × L 7.8 6.5 7.8 6.5 9.0 13.5 9.0 7.5 10.8 14.4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 15.0 12.5 13.2 10.0 15.0 14.4 15.0 10.0 13.2 12.8 (70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA)/L) 0.650 0.680 0.450 0.480 0.583 0.222 0.467 0.400 0.350 0.200 D1 × W 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.60 2.00 1.40 1.40 1.40 D2/D3 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 0.95 0.95 1.07 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1.25 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.25 0.64 1.25 0.70 0.77 0.56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1.90 1.52 1.75 1.65 2.00 1.24 2.00 1.23 1.40 1.19 (70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1 8.9 5.7 6.3 5.0 12.5 4.0 12.5 5.3 8.8 5.8 70 °CE*BA/D1 5.0 5.0 3.0 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.0 3.4 4.3 2.9 Rating (durability of electronic components while driving) Result 140 135 135 135 150 125 140 130 140 125
[Table 7] Comparison example 2-1 Comparison example 2-2 Comparison example 2-3 Comparison example 2-4 Comparison example 2-5 Comparison example 2-6 Comparison example 2-7 Comparison example 2-8 Comparison example 2-9 Comparison example 2-10 Tires Tire size 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 155/60R16 Tire weight (kg) 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 Cross-sectional height Ht (mm) 95 95 93 95 93 95 93 95 93 95 Outside diameter Dt (mm) 594 593 593 592 594 592 593 592 594 592 Maximum load capacity (kg) 351 350 350 348 351 348 350 348 351 348 (Mixture) clinch CA-1 CA-2 CA-5 CA-6 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 CA-6 Bead Apex BA-2 BA-3 BA-2 BA-5 BA-5 BA-5 BA-6 BA-6 BA-5 BA-6 Tread section TR-1 TR-4 TR-2 TR-4 TR-3 TR-4 TR-3 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδCA 0.13 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.15 0, 18 0, 18 0, 18 70 °CE*CA (MPa) 14,00 12,00 6.00 5.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 30 °C-tanδTR 0.13 0.30 0.15 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30 0°C-tanδTR 0.45 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.60 70 °C-tanδBA 0.25 0.22 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.16 70 °CE*BA (MPa) 20,00 15,00 20,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 10.00 10.00 11,00 10.00 Distance D3 (mm) from maximum width to lower end of bead core 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 Electronic component Embedding position 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Weight W(g) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Length L (mm) in longitudinal direction 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 70 80 Distance D1 (mm) to outer surface of tires 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Distance D2 (mm) from center position to lower end of bead core 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 20 parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 38.0 31.5 38.7 32.4 26.4 26.4 24.8 27.2 25.2 27.2 Tire weight/maximum load capacity 0.0151 0.0149 0.0149 0.0149 0.0148 0.0152 0.0149 0.0149 0.0148 0.0152 70 °C-tanδCA × L 13.0 11.7 16.2 16.2 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.4 12.6 14.4 70 ° C-tanδBA × L 25.0 19.8 22.5 16.2 14.4 14.4 12.8 12.8 12.6 12.8 (70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA) /L) 0.340 0.300 0.289 0.178 0.263 0.238 0.225 0.200 0.229 0.188 D 1× W 1.60 1.60 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 D2/D3 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 0.48 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1.00 0.88 1.13 0.72 0.63 0.72 0.56 0.56 0.63 0.56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1.52 1.40 1.94 1.44 1.16 1.32 1.09 1.19 1.26 1.19 (70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1 5.7 5.0 15.0 8.8 3.9 5.5 4.4 5.8 7.7 7.0 70 °CE*BA/D1 5.0 3.8 4.4 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 Rating (durability of electronic components while driving) Result 100 75 75 70 90 80 85 75 80 70
[Table 8] Example 3-1 Example 3-2 Example 3-3 Example 3-4 Example 3-5 Example 3-6 Example 3-7 Example 3-8 Example 3-9 Example 3-10 Tires Tire size 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 Tire weight (kg) 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.5 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.5 7.2 Cross-sectional height Ht (mm) 108 106 106 108 110 107 106 110 108 105 Outside diameter Dt (mm) 647 645 647 647 649 650 648 646 646 647 Maximum load capacity (kg) 531 526 531 531 536 538 534 529 529 531 (Mixture) clinch CA-1 CA-1 CA-2 CA-2 CA-3 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-5 Bead Apex BA-1 BA-2 BA-3 BA-4 BA-1 BA-6 BA-2 BA-4 BA-3 BA-6 Tread section TR-3 TR-3 TR-1 TR-2 TR-3 TR-3 TR-2 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδCA 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 70 °CE*CA (MPa) 14,00 14,00 12,00 12,00 10.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 30 °C-tanδTR 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.30 0°C-tanδTR 0.55 0.55 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.60 70 °C-tanδBA 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.16 70 °CE*BA (MPa) 25.00 20,00 15,00 12,00 25.00 10.00 20,00 12,00 15,00 10.00 Distance D3 (mm) from maximum width to lower end of bead core 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 Electronic component Embedding position 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Weight W(g) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Length L (mm) in longitudinal direction 60 50 60 50 60 90 60 50 60 80 Distance D1 (mm) to outer surface of tires 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 Distance D2 (mm) from center position to lower end of bead core 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 40 40 45 parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 22.8 19.0 21.0 16.5 24.0 27.9 24.0 17.5 24.0 27.2 Tire weight/maximum load capacity 0.0151 0.0148 0.0145 0.0149 0.0140 0.0132 0.0133 0.0132 0.0142 0.0136 70 °C-tanδCA × L 7.8 6.5 7.8 6.5 9.0 13.5 9.0 7.5 10.8 14.4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 15.0 12.5 13.2 10.0 15.0 14.4 15.0 10.0 13.2 12.8 (70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA) /L) 0.650 0.680 0.450 0.480 0.583 0.222 0.467 0.400 0.350 0.200 D1 × W 2.00 1.60 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.60 2.00 1.40 1.40 1.40 D2/D3 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 0.82 0.82 0.92 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1.25 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.25 0.64 1.25 0.70 0.77 0.56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1.90 1.52 1.75 1.65 2.00 1.24 2.00 1.23 1.40 1.19 (70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1 8.9 5.7 6.3 5.0 12.5 4.0 12.5 5.3 8.8 5.8 70 °CE*BA/D1 5.0 5.0 3.0 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.0 3.4 4.3 2.9 Rating (durability of electronic components while driving) Result 140 140 130 135 150 125 145 135 140 125
[Table 9] Comparison example 3-1 Comparison example 3-2 Comparison example 3-3 Comparison example 3-4 Comparison example 3-5 Comparison example 3-6 Comparison example 3-7 Comparison example 3-8 Comparison example 3-9 Comparison example 3-10 Tires Tire size 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 215/50R17 Tire weight (kg) 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.8 7.5 7.8 Cross-sectional height Ht (mm) 105 108 108 105 106 106 107 108 108 107 Outside diameter Dt (mm) 648 648 646 645 647 647 648 646 647 647 Maximum load capacity (kg) 534 534 529 526 531 531 534 529 531 531 (Mixture) clinch CA-1 CA-2 CA-5 CA-6 CA-3 CA-4 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 CA-6 Bead Apex BA-2 BA-3 BA-2 BA-5 BA-5 BA-5 BA-6 BA-6 BA-5 BA-6 Tread section TR-1 TR-4 TR-2 TR-4 TR-3 TR-4 TR-3 TR-3 TR-4 TR-4 (Physical properties) 70 °C-tanδCA 0.13 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 70 °CE*CA (MPa) 14,00 12,00 6.00 5.00 10.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 30 °C-tanδTR 0.13 0.30 0.15 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30 0°C-tanδTR 0.45 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.60 70 °C-tanδBA 0.25 0.22 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.16 70 °CE*BA (MPa) 20,00 15,00 20,00 11,00 11,00 11,00 10.00 10.00 11,00 10.00 Distance D3 (mm) from maximum width to lower end of bead core 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 Electronic component Embedding position 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Weight W (g) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Length L (mm) in longitudinal direction 100 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 70 80 Distance D1 (mm) to outer surface of tires 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Distance D2 (mm) from center position to lower end of bead core 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 20 parameter (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × L 38.0 31.5 38.7 32.4 26.4 26.4 24.8 27.2 25.2 27.2 Tire weight/maximum load capacity 0.0141 0.0135 0.0134 0.0139 0.0136 0.0134 0.0135 0.0147 0.0141 0.0147 70 °C-tanδCA × L 13.0 11.7 16.2 16.2 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.4 12.6 14.4 70 °C-tanδBA × L 25.0 19.8 22.5 16.2 14.4 14.4 12.8 12.8 12.6 12.8 (70 °CE*BA + 70 °CE*CA) /L) 0.340 0.300 0.289 0.178 0.263 0.238 0.225 0.200 0.229 0.188 D1 × W 1.60 1.60 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 D2/D3 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 0.41 70 °C-tanδBA × D1 1.00 0.88 1.13 0.72 0.63 0.72 0.56 0.56 0.63 0.56 (70 °C-tanδBA + 70 °C-tanδCA) × D1 1.52 1.40 1.94 1.44 1.16 1.32 1.09 1.19 1.26 1.19 (70 °CE*BA/70 °CE*CA) × D1 5.7 5.0 15.0 8.8 3.9 5.5 4.4 5.8 7.7 7.0 70 °CE*BA/D1 5.0 3.8 4.4 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 Rating (durability of electronic components while driving) Result 100 70 75 70 90 85 85 80 75 70

The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various changes can be made to the embodiments described above within the same and similar ranges as those of the present invention.

• einen Laufflächenabschnitt;
• eine Karkassenschicht;
• einen Wulstabschnitt, der aus einem Wulstapex und einem Wulstkern aufgebaut ist; und
• einen Clinch,
• der sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass eine elektronische Komponente zwischen der Karkassenschicht und dem Clinch vorgesehen ist, und
• ein Verlusttangens 70 °C-tanδBA des Wulstapex, der in einem Zugverformungsmodus unter Bedingungen einer Temperatur von 70 °C, einer Frequenz von 10 Hz, einer Anfangsdehnung von 5 % und einer dynamischen Dehnungsrate von 1 % gemessen wird, ein Verlusttangens 70 °C-tanδCA des Clinches, der in einem Zugverformungsmodus unter Bedingungen einer Temperatur von 70 °C, einer Frequenz von 10 Hz, einer Anfangsdehnung von 5 % und einer dynamischen Dehnungsrate von 1 % gemessen wird, und eine Länge L (mm) der elektronischen Komponente in einer Längsrichtung den folgenden Ausdruck 1 erfüllen, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{L}\le 30$$
  

The present invention (1) is a tire comprising:

• a tread section;
• a carcass layer;
• a bead portion composed of a bead apex and a bead core; and
• a clinch,
• which is characterized by the provision of an electronic component between the carcass layer and the clinch, and
• a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead tapex measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a length L (mm) of the electronic component in a longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 1, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{L}\le 30$$
  

The present invention (2) is the tire according to the present invention (1),
characterized in that a loss tangent 30 °C-tanδTR of the tread portion measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 30 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is 0.25 or less.

The present invention (3) is the tire according to the present invention (2),
which is characterized in that the loss tangent 30 °C-tanδTR of the tread section is 0.15 or less.

The present invention (4) is the tire according to the present invention (2) or (3),
characterized in that a loss tangent 0 °C-tanδTR of the tread portion measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 0 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is 0.50 or more.

The present invention (5) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (4),
which is characterized in that a tire weight (kg) and a maximum load capacity (kg) of the tire satisfy the following expression 2, $$\text{Tire weight}/\text{maximum load capacity}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{t}<0.0150$$

The present invention (6) is the tire according to the present invention (5),
which is characterized in that the tire weight (kg) and the maximum load capacity (kg) of the tire satisfy the following expression 3, $$\text{Tire weight}/\text{maximum load capacity}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{t}<0.0135$$

The present invention (7) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (6),
which is characterized in that the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch and the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 4, $$70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\times \text{L}\le \text{12}$$

The present invention (8) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (7),
characterized in that a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of the clinch, measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, is 6 MPa or more, and
the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead stack and the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 5, $$70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}\times \text{L}\le \text{15}$$

The present invention (9) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (8),
characterized in that a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*BA (MPa) of the bead tapex measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 6, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{CA}\right)/\text{L}>\text{2},\text{5}$$

The present invention (10) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (9),
which is characterized by the fact that the electronic component is an RFID label or a sensor.

The present invention (11) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (10),
which is characterized in that an adhesive layer for improving adhesion to rubber or a plating layer is provided on a surface of the electronic component.

The present invention (12) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (11),
which is characterized in that an electronic component coating layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm or more is provided to coat the electronic component.

The present invention (13) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (12),
which is characterized in that the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is 80 mm or less.

The present invention (14) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (13),
which is characterized in that the length L (mm) of the electronic component in the longitudinal direction is 50 mm or less.

The present invention (15) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (14),
which is characterized in that a weight W (g) of the electronic component and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component to an outer surface of the tire satisfy the following expression 7, $$\text{D1}\times \text{W}\le 2.5$$

The present invention (16) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (15),
characterized in that in a tire radial direction a distance D2 (mm) from a center position of the electronic component to a lower end of the bead core and a distance D3 (mm) from a position of a maximum width of the tire to the lower end of the bead core satisfy the following expression 8, $$0.3\le \text{D2}/\text{D3}\le 1.7$$

The present invention (17) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (16),
which is characterized in that the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead apex and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component to an outer surface of the tire satisfy the following expression 9, $$70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}\times \text{D1}\le \text{1},\text{5}$$

The present invention (18) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (17),
which is characterized in that the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead apex, the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component to an outer surface of the tire satisfy the following expression 10, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{D1}\le \text{2},\text{5}$$

The present invention (19) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (18), characterized in that a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*BA (MPa) of the bead apex measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of the clinch measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component to an outer surface of the tire satisfy the following expression 11, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{CA}\right)\times \text{D1}\ge 8$$

The present invention (20) is the tire of any combination of the present inventions (1) to (19),
characterized in that a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*BA (MPa) of the bead apex measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1% and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component to an outer surface of the tire satisfy the following expression 12, $$70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{BA}/\text{D1}\ge \text{5}$$

Brief description of reference symbols

1

Tires

2

Bead section

3

Side wall section

4

Tread section

21

Bead core

22

Bead Apex

23

clinch

24

Bead band

31

Side wall

32

Carcass layer

33

Innerliner

34

electronic component

34a

Main body

34b

antenna

L

Length of electronic component in longitudinal direction

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• JP2021506676 [0002]
• JP2021514891 [0002]
• JP2021084510 [0002]
• JP2021127114 [0002]
• JP 2010111753 A [0077]
• US 4414370 A [0151]
• JP 59006207 A [0151]
• JP 5058005 A [0151]
• JP 1313522 A [0151]
• US 5010166 A [0151]

Claims (20)

A tire (1) comprising: a tread portion (4); a carcass layer (32); a bead portion (2) constructed from a bead ply (22) and a bead core (21); and a clinch (23), wherein an electronic component (34) is provided between the carcass layer (32) and the clinch (23), and a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead staple (22) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch (23) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a length L (mm) of the electronic component (34) in a longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 1, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{L}\le 30$$

Tires (1) by Claim 1 wherein a loss tangent 30 °C-tanδTR of the tread portion (4) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 30 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is 0.25 or less. Tires (1) by Claim 2 , wherein the loss tangent 30 °C-tanδTR of the tread portion (4) is 0.15 or less. Tires (1) by Claim 2 or 3 wherein a loss tangent 0 °C-tanδTR of the tread portion (4) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 0 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5%, and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is 0.50 or more. Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 4 , where a tire weight (kg) and a maximum load capacity (kg) of the tire (1) satisfy the following expression 2, $$\text{Tire weight}/\text{maximum load capacity}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{t}<0.0150$$

Tires (1) by Claim 5 , where the tire weight (kg) and the maximum load capacity (kg) of the tire (1) satisfy the following expression 3, $$\text{Tire weight}/\text{maximum load capacity}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{t}<0.0135$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , where the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch (23) and the length L (mm) of the electronic component (34) in the longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 4, $$70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\times \text{L}\le \text{12}$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , wherein a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of the clinch (23) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1% is 6 MPa or more, and the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead apex (22) and the length L (mm) of the electronic component (34) in the longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 5, $$70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}\times \text{L}\le \text{15}$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 8 , wherein a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*BA (MPa) of the bead tapex (22) in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5 % and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of the clinch (23) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and the length L (mm) of the electronic component (34) in the longitudinal direction satisfy the following expression 6, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{CA}\right)/\text{L}>0.25$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , wherein the electronic component (34) is an RFID label or a sensor. Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 wherein an adhesive layer for improving adhesion to rubber or a plating layer is provided on a surface of the electronic component (34). Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 wherein an electronic component coating layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm or more is provided to coat the electronic component (34). Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 12 wherein the length L (mm) of the electronic component (34) in the longitudinal direction is 80 mm or less. Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 13 wherein the length L (mm) of the electronic component (34) in the longitudinal direction is 50 mm or less. Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 14 , wherein a weight W (g) of the electronic component (34) and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component (34) to an outer surface of the tire (1) satisfy the following expression 7, $$\text{D1}\times \text{W}\le \text{2},\text{5}$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 15 wherein in a tire radial direction, a distance D2 (mm) from a center position of the electronic component (34) to a lower end of the bead core (21) and a distance D3 (mm) from a position of a maximum width of the tire (1) to the lower end of the bead core (21) satisfy the following expression 8, $$0.3\le \text{D2}/\text{D3}\le \text{1},\text{7}$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 16 , wherein the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead apex (22) and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component (34) to an outer surface of the tire (1) satisfy the following expression 9, $$70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}\times \text{D1}\le \text{1},\text{5}$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 17 , wherein the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδBA of the bead apex (22), the loss tangent 70 °C-tanδCA of the clinch (23) and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component (34) to an outer surface of the tire (1) satisfy the following expression 10, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{tan}\mathrm{\delta }\text{CA}\right)\times \text{D1}\le \text{2},\text{5}$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 18 , wherein a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*BA (MPa) of the bead apex (22) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*CA (MPa) of the clinch (23) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component (34) to an outer surface of the tire (1) satisfy the following expression 11, $$\left(70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{BA}+70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{CA}\right)\times \text{D1}\ge 8$$

Tire (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 19 wherein a complex elastic modulus 70 °CE*BA (MPa) of the bead tapex (22) measured in a tensile deformation mode under conditions of a temperature of 70 °C, a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 5% and a dynamic strain rate of 1%, and a shortest distance D1 (mm) from the electronic component (34) to an outer surface of the tire (1) satisfy the following expression 12, $$70°\text{C}-\text{E}*\text{BA}/\text{D1}\ge \text{5}$$

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