DE102015108255A1 - Method of creating a multilayer wall, multilayer wall, slotted or perforated bricks used for this purpose, and buildings formed therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer wall (30), comprising the steps of: providing a supporting wall element (31) and a plurality of perforated bricks (1) having at least one filling channel (6) for producing a brick wall layer (32) for insulating purposes. The method according to the invention is characterized by the steps of: attaching the perforated bricks (1) to the load-bearing wall element (31) in rows such that their backfilling channels (6) are substantially aligned with one another, whereby several rows of perforated bricks (1) are arranged relative to each other, that they form the brick wall layer (32), and then jointly filling the mutually aligned filling channels (6) in a series of perforated bricks (1) with an insulating material (13). The invention provides an improved method by means of which an efficient production of a brick wall layer for insulation purposes is made possible, whereby this can be carried out on site with simple technological means. In addition, a correspondingly improved multi-layer wall or slot or perforated bricks suitable for this purpose and finally a building provided therewith are provided.

Description

The invention relates to a method for creating a multilayer wall according to the preamble of claim 1, a multilayer wall according to the preamble of claim 10, a slot brick used for this purpose according to the preamble of claim 18, a hollow brick used for this purpose according to the preamble of claim 19, and a building constructed therefrom according to claim 20.

With the increasing demands placed on the energy efficiency of buildings, be it in existing or new buildings, the insulation of exterior walls is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, extensive thermal insulation composite systems have been installed, which has led to a significant reduction in energy consumption. In these insulation layers are glued or dowelled on the outside of the facade. Foamed plastics are predominantly used as the insulating material, although to a lesser extent also mineral wool boards are used. On the outside, these insulating layers are protected from the weather with a thin layer of plaster.

Over time, however, it has been shown that such composite thermal insulation systems also have significant disadvantages: In particular, the relatively high maintenance costs, since such systems tend to algae, which is why about every five years, a new coat is required. The colors used for this purpose are also usually provided with fungicides and pesticides, whereby an algae growth can indeed be contained, but at the same time there are toxins in the living area. Another problem with such systems is their low resistance to mechanical damage, for example due to hailstorm or the impact of birds. Moreover, it is also difficult here lamps or the like on such thermal insulation composite systems, d. H. to attach to the facade of a building.

If the insulating layer of such a thermal insulation composite system is formed of foamed plastics, which is predominantly the case in practice, is another significant disadvantage in the associated risk of fire. Here under unfavorable circumstances, a source of fire in the base area is sufficient to ultimately set the entire facade on fire or at least to melt it. This creates toxic fumes, which are particularly problematic.

As an alternative to such thermal insulation composite systems could therefore increasingly prevail in recent years, perforated bricks with an insulation filling in the market. Since there is a brick ridge on the outside of these masonry systems, there is no problem in terms of mechanical strength as well as the risk of algae growth. On the other hand, as a result, as a rule not quite as good insulation properties can be achieved. In addition, the typically large-sized high holes of such filler bricks are usually also filled with foamed plastics, so that here also flammable material is present.

An example of such a thermal insulation filling brick comes from the DE 10 2004 043 494 A1 which discloses a Ziegelmanteldämmplatte for a two-or multi-shell outer masonry as roughing shell. The Dämmziegel shown here is bricked up as an additional thermal insulation element outside in front of existing brick walls in new and old buildings in a conventional manner and attached by Mauerspreizdübeln or the like in the wall surface area in addition to the supporting wall element.

Another example of such a thermal insulating brick or a multi-layered masonry designed therefrom goes out of the EP 1 905 914 A2 out. Again, the thermal insulation brick is designed as a perforated brick with large-sized high holes, in which an insulating core is introduced. The basis for the bricklaying is a base rail on which the backfill bricks are then walled over one another in a conventional manner. In addition to the support of the masonry in the base area this can still be connected via anchoring elements and / or adhesive to the supporting wall element.

From the DE 20 2011 106 987 U1 is also a thermal insulation brick in the form of a perforated brick has become known, which has a large-sized filling channel, which is filled with a thermal insulation material. This also makes it possible to produce a double-shell masonry with good thermal insulation properties. In this case, the facing shell made of these heat-insulating bricks is in turn supported by a base rail in the lower area of the outer wall and is bricked up there in a conventional manner. It can also be connected via anchoring elements with the supporting wall element.

In all these conventional perforated brick walling systems with an insulation filling, the risk of fire compared to a composite thermal insulation system is indeed reduced, but not reliably eliminated. In particular, fires have been devastating here, too can bring. If, as a result of damage to the masonry or other reasons at the outbreak of a fire access to the insulation filling is possible, which is typically the case in the lower, freely accessible area of the masonry, the insulation filling in these perforated bricks can ignite and so create a fire, the can also take the entire facade. The unfavorable fire behavior of conventional facing shells is based on the fact that the filling channels of the previously used hollow brick ultimately form a kind of "fireplace" within the masonry, which extends from the base area to below the roof of a building. In this case, the bricks usually burst due to the heat and the associated expansion of the insulating core, so that an oxygen access to the burning insulating core is continuously possible and the fire does not extinguish independently. There is also the risk of the fire spreading to the roof truss.

In addition, quite a considerable installation effort for the attachment of the base rail as well as for the bricking of the thermal insulation brick to a masonry and possibly the attachment of additional anchoring elements is required. Here the employment of specialists is necessary. Furthermore, created by the mortar tape a thermal bridge.

Another technological approach comes from the DE 78 20 590 U1 which discloses a long tile, which can be used as a facade panel for the outer lining of buildings or as wall covering in wet rooms. This conventional elongated brick has serving as filling channels cavities, which are filled in one embodiment completely with a Dämmmasse of foamed plastic.

However, this prior art does not disclose any further details regarding the arrangement of such an outer cladding or wall cladding. The resulting from the figures of this document shape of these conventional elongated bricks can be seen that these are factory prefabricated with the insulation filling and bricked up on site on the site in a conventional manner to a masonry. Thus, both the production of these known elongated bricks and their arrangement in the course of training of the masonry associated with a considerable effort. At the same time, with the foamed plastic in the filling channels, there is still a combustible mass.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved method for creating a multilayer wall, by means of which an efficient production of a brick wall layer for Dämmzwecke is made possible, and this should be feasible with simple technological means on site on the site. In addition, a correspondingly improved multi-layered wall or suitable long-hole or perforated bricks for this purpose and finally such a building should be provided.

This object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention by a method having the features of claim 1. This comprises the steps of providing a supporting wall element and a plurality of perforated bricks having at least one filling channel for producing a brick wall layer for insulation purposes, attaching the perforated bricks to the supporting wall element in rows such that their backfilling channels are substantially aligned with each other, with several rows Hollow bricks are arranged to each other so that they form the brick wall layer, and then jointly filling the mutually aligned filling channels in a series of perforated brick with an insulating material.

The invention thus provides for initially providing the perforated bricks without filling, which considerably simplifies their method of production. In addition, they are therefore manageable and transportable with less effort, since thus no special measures to protect or maintain an insulation filling are required. This insulation materials can also be used according to the invention, which are sensitive to the effects of weather such as mineral wool, wood wool and the like., As the risk of damage to the insulation z. B. omitted in a temporary storage on the site.

In addition, on site at the construction site, the present invention provides, for the first time, to attach these perforated tiles to the load-bearing wall element in rows, whereby their assembly is particularly simple. In particular, in comparison to a bricking of the perforated brick to form a brick wall layer, as proposed in the prior art, the assembly makes it much easier. Above all, it is then possible to dispense with a layer of mortar between the individual perforated bricks, which leads to a reduction of the provisioning and processing effort on site at the construction site. At the same time, the heat bridge given by a mortar layer is eliminated, so that particularly good thermal insulation properties can be achieved.

The attachment of the perforated brick on the supporting wall element also requires no special expertise, so that no specially trained personnel is required and this process can certainly be carried out by do-it-yourselfers.

Another advantage is that the filling channels in a row of perforated bricks are inventively filled together with an insulating material. It is therefore no longer necessary to fill each individual perforated brick factory; instead, this takes place in one go on the already built brick wall layer, which is already attached to the supporting wall element at this time. This simplifies the manufacturing process for creating a multi-layered wall very essential.

It is indeed from the DE 196 29 919 A1 become known, bricks in the form of long bricks to string together so that their passageways are aligned with each other. In this way, masonry can be bricked up according to this state of the art, wherein the individual layers are connected to elongated bricks through a layer of mortar. In the aligned passageways can then be retrofitted installation pipes, but also insulation materials are introduced, this can be done by foaming or blowing the insulation material. Foamed plastic, rock wool and perlite are mentioned here as an example of the insulating material.

The from the DE 196 29 919 A1 However, resulting bricks serve to design a brickwork in current wall thicknesses, but not to create a multi-layered wall. In particular, there is no suggestion in this prior art to attach such perforated bricks to a load-bearing wall element and then to provide in this state a common filling of the mutually aligned filling channels in a series of perforated bricks with an insulating material. The DE 196 29 919 A1 could therefore give no indication to arrange in the manner according to the invention serving for Dämmzwecke brick wall layer on a supporting wall element.

It also does not matter according to the invention whether the load-bearing wall element is now an old stock or a newly created wall. Likewise, it does not matter if it is a brick wall, a concrete wall, a sand-lime brick wall or the like. The inventive method, in particular an efficient energy renovation of existing buildings is possible.

Moreover, in the method according to the invention, it is still possible to use a perforated brick with a filling channel having a large cross-section, so that a large-scale insulating core can be present herein. This makes it possible to achieve particularly good insulation properties. In practical experiments it has been shown that a value of the equivalent thermal conductivity of λ <0.050 W / mK can be achieved without further ado and values of λ = 0.040 W / mK can be achieved under particularly favorable circumstances.

At the same time can be produced with the inventive method, a multi-layered wall, which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages of conventional thermal insulation composite facades, in particular with regard to the low mechanical strength, algae, etc. Instead, the method according to the invention produces a multilayer wall with an outer surface, which consists of a brick web and thus offers a good and stable plaster base.

The inventive arrangement of perforated bricks in rows also has the advantage that thus an improved fire protection is achieved. Thus, between two rows of perforated bricks two Außenquerstege the perforated bricks are arranged, which act as separating elements and prevent the spread of fire from one row to the next.

Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 9.

Thus, the perforated brick may be a perforated brick whose filling channel thus extends parallel to the bearing surface, wherein the elongated bricks are attached to the supporting wall element side by side in lines such that their Verfüllkanäle substantially aligned with each other, with several rows of elongated bricks are arranged one above the other and so the brick wall layer form, and wherein the mutually aligned filling channels are then filled in a row of elongated bricks together with the insulating material. In this embodiment, the present invention thus provides for the first time to attach the long-bricks locally on site on the supporting wall element side by side in rows, which makes their installation particularly simple. The oblong bricks provided in this embodiment of the invention also have the advantage that the filling channel extends parallel to the bearing surface of the elongated brick, that is, is oriented horizontally. If one arranges several such elongated bricks one above the other, as is done in the formation of a insulating brick wall layer, so the Dämmkerne stacked elongated bricks are currently not in direct contact with each other. Instead, there are two Außenquerstege the long hole tiles as a separating element in between. Thus, according to the invention, a line-by-line partitioning is achieved within the insulating brick wall layer. A spread of fire is here only in the horizontal direction, but not so easily vertically possible, which is why the Chimney effect is avoided. This also extinguishes a possible fire more easily without any external influence.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the perforated brick may be a perforated brick whose filling channel thus extends perpendicular to the bearing surface, wherein the perforated bricks are attached to the supporting wall element one above the other in columnar rows, that their Verfüllkanäle substantially aligned with each other, wherein a plurality of columnar rows of perforated bricks be arranged side by side and thus form the brick wall layer, and wherein the mutually aligned filling channels are then filled in a columnar row of perforated bricks together with the insulating material. Thus, the invention can be advantageously applied to perforated bricks by the rows of perforated bricks are constructed tower-like here from stacked perforated bricks. Since the perforated bricks are hung here on the supporting wall element, it is not necessary to put them in association, so that there is a full surface an aligned continuous filling channel over the entire row of bricks. This significantly facilitates the filling of the filling channels on site at the construction site. In addition, therefore, no mortar tape for connecting the individual hollow brick is required, which simplifies the production of the brick wall layer and avoids thermal bridges.

Moreover, at least one holding device may be arranged on the supporting wall element, with the perforated bricks being attached thereto. In this way, the mounting of the perforated brick on the supporting wall element can be made particularly simple and efficient, without the supporting wall element would have to have a special configuration per se.

Furthermore, it is also possible that at least one receptacle is arranged on the individual perforated brick with which it is attached to the supporting wall element. This can be produced with little effort a positive connection between the perforated bricks and the supporting wall element. The assembly is further simplified by this. Preferably, the receptacle is molded or incorporated here.

In this case, it is of further advantage if the receptacle is hook-shaped in cross-section, since then a particularly reliable fit can be achieved with very little effort, thereby further simplifying assembly.

Furthermore, it is also possible for the insulating material to be introduced into the filling channels by a blowing method. This makes it possible to resort to a practice-proven method for introducing insulating materials into cavities, which can also be implemented particularly efficiently on site at a construction site. In addition, a complete filling of the filling channels can thus be achieved particularly reliably.

If mineral wool is introduced as an insulating material, this has the further advantage that a particularly good fire protection is achieved. Since mineral wool is non-combustible as a mineral material, a particularly favorable classification with regard to the fire load class can thus be achieved for a multilayer wall produced by the method according to the invention. Here, it has proven in practical experiments to be even more favorable if the mineral wool is present in the form of mineral wool flakes, since such flakes can be reliably introduced into cavities with a particularly low process cost. In particular, the injection method has proven itself here.

Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible that wood wool is introduced as an insulating material. This also makes it possible to use a well-insulating material, with wood wool also being distinguished by the fact that it is a renewable raw material, ie. H. the multilayer wall produced by the method according to the invention has a particularly advantageous life cycle assessment.

According to another aspect of the present invention, according to claim 10, a multilayer wall is provided. This consists of a load-bearing wall element and at least one additional brick wall layer for Dämmzwecke, which is arranged inside and / or outside of the supporting wall element and formed of a plurality of perforated bricks with Verfüllkanälen which are filled with an insulating material, and wherein there are several rows of perforated bricks and so form the brick wall layer. In this case, the multilayer wall is characterized in that the brick wall layer is fixed to the supporting wall element, the perforated bricks being attached to each adjacent to each other in rows on the supporting wall element, that the brick wall layer has substantially aligned filling channels of the perforated brick, and that the filling Insulating material through the hole in a row adjacent to each other arranged perforated brick passes smoothly away and bridged.

The multilayer wall according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that it can be inexpensively manufactured with little effort and without special expertise.

In addition, it can thus achieve a particularly good thermal insulation effect. This also plays a role that the insulation passes through the filling channels without fugue, so that here at the joints of adjacent perforated bricks no gap and thus no thermal bridge in the insulation layer is given, as is inevitably the case with conventionally factory pre-filled perforated bricks manufacturing reasons. In other words, the insulating material according to the invention is virtually in one piece in a row of perforated bricks before.

Moreover, the multilayer wall according to the invention is also characterized by an improved soundproofing effect. Thus, the passage of sound is damped in one direction on the wall, since the perforated bricks are in rows on the multilayer wall and their outer webs have a separating effect.

An advantage of the inventively provided hanging attachment of the perforated brick to a supporting wall element is that adjacent perforated brick may indeed fit to lie on their bearing surfaces, but no mortar tape is required to connect them. As a result, the processing cost for the production of multi-layer masonry can be kept very low. At the same time, a thermal bridge through such a mortar band can be avoided here.

Since the insulation layer outside is not freely available, but here each a web of the perforated brick is arranged, this multilayer wall also has a good mechanical strength against impact and shock loads and also provides a good background for a plaster layer or the like.

Advantageous developments of the multilayer wall according to the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims 11 to 17. With these can be analogously reach the explained with reference to the dependent method claims 2 to 9 advantages.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided, according to claim 18, a long hole brick for a multi-layered wall having at least one fill channel extending parallel to the bearing surface of the long hole brick. This is characterized by the fact that this is arranged at least one receptacle for attaching the elongated brick to a supporting wall element. In particular, the recording is formed here.

As already stated above, such a long-hole brick can be manufactured and processed with little effort and is characterized by a particularly good fire protection. The invention also opens up completely new design possibilities for the use of elongated bricks as Dämmziegel: Of importance here is that such brick elements are extruded and thus have a predetermined by a die cross-section. In oblong bricks, the extrusion direction is rotated by 90 ° with respect to that of hollow bricks, considering the installation position of the respective bricks in the masonry. As a result, it is even possible according to the invention, a recording z. B. for a holding device on a supporting wall element directly to the Dämmziegel. This is not possible with a perforated brick, since the extrusion direction here is rectified to the effective direction of gravity; Here, a further processing of the brick body would have to be done manually in a further production step. Thus, the Dämmziegel invention can be made particularly low due to its slot shape.

In an advantageous embodiment of the elongated brick according to the invention, the receptacle may be hook-shaped in cross-section. This can be this produce with very little design effort. In addition, this allows with simple means the production of a reliable positive connection when attaching the long hole brick to the supporting wall element and thus easy installation.

Alternatively, according to another aspect of the present invention according to claim 19, it is also possible to provide a perforated brick for a multilayer wall having at least one fill channel extending perpendicular to a bearing surface of the perforated brick. This is characterized by the fact that this at least one receptacle for attaching the perforated brick is arranged on a supporting wall element. Preferably, the receptacle is incorporated in the brick body.

The perforated brick according to the invention can also be advantageously used in the manner set forth above. Unlike a long hole brick, although the recording can not train directly during extrusion; However, it can with known means by a further processing step such. B. a punching in a wall of the brick blank, etc. are manufactured with manageable production effort. Preferably, the receptacle can also be hook-shaped in cross section.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, according to claim 20, there is provided a building having a plurality of walls and a roof, which is characterized in that at least one wall is formed as a multilayer wall according to the invention.

Such a configured building is characterized by particularly good fire protection and Thermal insulation properties and also receives a robust outer shell, which is insensitive to mechanical influences. At the same time, this building can be created with low production costs or retrofit an existing building in accordance with the invention with little processing effort and thus refurbish it energetically.

The invention will be explained in more detail in exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures of the drawing. It shows:

1 a perspective view of a Langlochziegels invention in a first embodiment;

2 a schematic perspective view of a multilayer wall according to the present invention, wherein the insulation material is not filled yet;

3 a sectional view of a multilayer wall according to the invention;

4 a sectional view of a multilayer wall according to the invention according to another embodiment;

5 to 7 End views of further embodiments of elongated bricks according to the invention;

8th a sectional view of a multilayer wall with two additional brick wall layers;

9 a detail of a modified embodiment for the attachment of perforated bricks;

10 an end view of a further modified embodiment of a perforated brick according to the invention; and

11 a sectional view of a multilayer wall with a brick wall layer of perforated bricks according to 10 ,

In 1 is a long hole brick 1 shown having a first outer longitudinal bar 2 has, which is configured here double-walled with a perforation. Furthermore, it has a second outer longitudinal web 3 which is substantially parallel to the first outer longitudinal web 2 is arranged. The oblong tile 1 also includes a first outer crossbar 4 and a second outer crossbar 5 which are also arranged substantially parallel to each other and together with the outer longitudinal webs 2 and 3 the substantially cuboid shape of the elongated brick 1 to shape.

In addition, these webs form a large-sized filling channel 6 inside the long hole brick 1 , in the example shown by two struts 7 is interrupted. The external crossbars 4 and 5 form the bearing surfaces of the slot tile 1 to which the filling channel 6 extends substantially parallel.

The oblong tile 1 also has a picture 8th on, which is hook-shaped here in cross-section. It lies, viewed in cross section, in a corner area between the outer crossbar 4 and the second outer longitudinal web 3 in front. The recording 8th thus here forms an edge portion of the elongated brick 1 and is arranged so that they are in the assembled state of the long hole brick 1 on a supporting wall in a later explained in more detail way the wall faces and in the upper region of the contact surface of the elongated brick 1 present on the wall. The recording 8th is structurally designed to withstand the dead load of the long hole brick 1 , the loads of possibly externally applied plaster layers, straps, etc. and also the wind suction loads, etc. can accommodate.

The oblong tile 1 also has a recess 9 in edge area between the outer longitudinal web 3 and the outer crossbar 5 on.

In the edge area between the first outer longitudinal web 2 and the outer crossbar 5 points the long hole brick 1 also a projection 10 on. Complementary to this contains the oblong tile 1 in the edge region of the first outer longitudinal web 2 to the outer crossbar 4 a step 11 , where the projection 10 and the stage 11 in suitably stacked elongated bricks 1 mesh appropriately.

On the outer surface of the second outer longitudinal web 3 is also a plurality of grooves 12 formed, which are indicated here only schematically and in practice have a sawtooth, rectangular or rounded cross-sectional shape.

In 2 is a schematic perspective view of a multilayer wall 30 shown. This has a load-bearing wall element 31 on to which a brick wall layer 32 is attached.

The brick wall layer 32 is from a plurality of oblong bricks 1 formed, of which four are shown here by way of example, wherein the two elongated bricks 1 in the foreground for illustrative purposes are shown in section. In the state shown, no insulation material is still in the filling channels 6 filled.

Out 2 is also apparent that the oblong tile 1 in serving as a holding device Metal rails 33 mounted and by means of this on the supporting wall element 31 are attached. As in more detail 3 is recognizable, are the metal profile rails 33 by means of screw connections 34 on the supporting wall element 31 established. They have a hook-shaped shape which is complementary to the hook-shaped receptacle 8th at the oblong brick 1 is designed. This positive connection can be additionally supported by a non-positive and / or a material connection, such. B. by an order of mortar, PU foam, etc. at the suspension point.

By screwing the metal profile rails 33 on the supporting wall element 31 a foundation is made in the depth of the masonry and the condition of a plaster layer, etc. on the outer surface of the supporting wall is ultimately irrelevant, ie, it does not depend on the carrying capacity of the outer wall layer. Thus, the preparation effort in a refurbishment significantly reduced, since the substrate thus not checked in this regard or may need to be reworked.

In the attached state, the filling channels are aligned 6 the in a row juxtaposed long hole tiles 1 in such a way that they form a continuous channel. In a subsequent step to make the brick wall layer 32 then becomes an insulating material 13 in the form of mineral wool flakes in the aligned filling channels 6 every line of oblong bricks 1 injected so that they are completely filled. The filling of insulating material 13 thus extends smoothly over the entire row of elongated bricks 1 time.

In the 3 and 4 is a vertical section through two embodiments of a multilayer wall shown, in which the insulating material 13 present in the filling channels.

As from the cut in 3 is also apparent, is between the second outer longitudinal web 3 and the long hole brick 1 facing outer surface of the supporting wall element 31 Furthermore, in several places an adhesive 35 arranged as an adhesive. The adhesive used in the example shown is a tile adhesive.

On the the carrying wall element 31 facing away from large area of the brick wall layer 32 is also a conventional plaster layer 36 arranged as well in 3 is apparent.

4 shows a modified embodiment of the invention, in the Fugenleitprofile 14 at a first outer longitudinal web 2 ' of the long hole brick shown here 1' are formed. The joint guide profiles 14 extend parallel to the filling channel 6 and serve as a positioning aid for straps 37 which instead of a plaster layer in this embodiment as a ceramic cladding in the form of clinker on a multilayer wall formed therewith 30 ' be used. The straps 37 , of which only three are shown here by way of example, are thus present row by row at constant distances from one another. The through the Fugenleitprofile 14 predetermined distances between the straps 37 are finally with mortar tapes 38 features.

Apart from that, the embodiment corresponds to 4 those in 3 ,

For producing a multilayer wall 30 respectively. 30 ' is first checked if the load-bearing wall element 31 sufficient static properties to absorb the load of the brick wall layer 32 respectively. 32 ' having. Then be according to the height of the oblong tile 1 respectively. 1' in the predetermined distance, the metal profile rails 33 to the supporting wall element 31 dowelled. Subsequently, the oblong bricks 1 respectively. 1' one after the other from bottom to top in the metal profile rails 33 hooked. The hook-shaped recording 8th and the hook-shaped metal profile rail 33 form a positive connection. This is the long hole brick 1 respectively. 1' with the previously on the second outer longitudinal web 3 applied glue 35 against the supporting wall element 31 pressed and thus reaches its final position, the projection 10 in the stage 11 of the elongated brick lying underneath 1 gets to the stop.

If a line of oblong bricks 1 respectively. 1' at the corresponding metal profile rail 33 is hooked on, the line above it is started at Langlochziegeln. Again, a long hole brick 1 respectively. 1' after the other side by side in corresponding metal profile rails 33 hooked. The recess 9 at the bottom of the oblong brick 1 respectively. 1' is suitable to the screw head of the screw 34 the metal profile rails 33 record, so that there is no impairment here. In addition, succeeded again at the same time the lead 10 on a long hole brick 1 respectively. 1' engaged with the stage 11 on the long hole brick arranged underneath. In this way, the brick wall layer can be laid line by line 32 respectively. 32 ' form.

In a subsequent step, the here as insulation 13 serving mineral wool flakes by means of a blowing device from a side open end to a row of oblong bricks 1 respectively. 1' blown into the mutually aligned filling channels. The injection of mineral wool can also be done on both sides. In the illustrated embodiment, the insulation material 13 there One row at a time into the brick wall layer 32 respectively. 32 ' brought in.

Finally, on the brick wall layer 32 respectively. 32 ' then the plaster layer 36 be applied, or it will be the straps 37 stated.

Provided here recesses in the multilayer wall 30 respectively. 30 ' For example, for windows, doors or the like are required, it is easily possible, the individual elongated bricks 1 respectively. 1' to cut accordingly.

In 5 is an end view of another embodiment of a Langlochziegels invention 1'' shown having a first outer longitudinal bar 2 '' has, which is designed here single-walled. Furthermore, it has a second outer longitudinal web 3 '' which is substantially parallel to the first outer longitudinal web 2 '' is arranged. The oblong tile 1'' also includes a first outer crossbar 4 '' and a second outer crossbar 5 '' which are also arranged substantially parallel to each other and together with the outer longitudinal webs 2 '' and 3 '' the substantially cuboid shape of the elongated brick 1'' to shape. The external crossbars 4 '' and 5 '' form the bearing surfaces of the slot tile 1'' to which the filling channel 6 '' extends substantially parallel.

In addition, these webs form a large-sized filling channel 6 '' inside the long hole brick 1'' , in the example shown by two struts 7 '' as well as a central pier 15 '' is interrupted.

Unlike in the already explained embodiments are on the backfill 6 '' facing side of the outer longitudinal webs 2 '' and 3 '' and the external crossbars 4 '' and 5 '' further retaining projections 16 '' formed, which by a predetermined amount in the Verfüllkanal 6 '' protrude into it while a cross-sectional shape with undercut, here T-shaped or dovetailed, have. The not yet present in the state shown insulating material engages behind these retaining projections 16 '' and thus creates a form-fitting, for a better grip of the insulating material in Langlochziegel 1'' provides.

The oblong tile 1'' also has a picture 8th'' on, which in turn is hook-shaped in cross section. It lies, viewed in cross-section, unlike in the embodiments already explained slightly spaced from the corner region between the outer transverse web 4 '' and the second outer longitudinal web 3 '' , The recording 8th is arranged so that they are in the assembled state of the long hole brick 1'' a load-bearing wall facing and in the upper region of the contact surface of the elongated brick 1'' present on the wall. The recording 8th'' is structurally again designed so that it is the dead load of the long hole brick 1'' , the loads of possibly externally applied plaster layers, straps, etc. and also the wind suction loads, etc. can accommodate.

In the edge area between the first outer longitudinal web 2 '' and the outer crossbar 5 '' points the long hole brick 1'' as in the other embodiments, a projection 10 '' on. Complementary to this contains the oblong tile 1'' in the edge region of the first outer longitudinal web 2 '' to the outer crossbar 4 '' a step 11 '' , where the projection 10 '' and the stage 11 '' in suitably stacked elongated bricks 1'' mesh appropriately.

In 6 is an end view of one opposite the 5 modified embodiment of a slot brick according to the invention 1''' shown. This is different from that in 5 only in that the center bar has been omitted.

One opposite in the 5 and 6 Another modified embodiment of a slot brick according to the invention 1'''' is in 7 shown in an end view. This is different from that in 5 only in that the center bar as well as the two Verstrebungsstege have been omitted.

As from the representations in the 5 to 7 can be seen, depending on the load situation bracing bars, central webs or other webs may be provided or omitted. In addition, it is obviously not necessary that the outer longitudinal web is double-walled.

If due to the structural conditions such as roof slopes, roof structures, lintels or the like, the opening of a backfill at the end of a series of perforated bricks should not be accessible, a special module can be used here, in which a filling opening is laterally formed on an outer web. Through this, the insulation material can then be filled. The filling opening may be formed, for example, as a circular hole with a diameter of 15 cm, to which a blow-in hose or the like can be coupled. This special brick in itself constitutes an independent inventive aspect, which is also applicable independent of the specific method and use of the present invention.

In 8th is another embodiment of a multilayer wall 30 '' shown in section. Here are two layers of additional brick wall layers 32 '' and 32 '' arranged so that a double insulation thickness is given. The Brick wall layer 32 ''' contains the previously explained long hole brick 1'''' , However, unlike in the previously described variants, these are not directly on the supporting wall element 31 attached, but at the other brick wall layer 32 '' , The long hole tiles contained here 1a '''' represent a modification of the oblong tile 1'''' to the effect that this on their recording 8th'' facing away from the first outer longitudinal web a eingeziegelten holder 17 exhibit. This protrudes over the outer longitudinal web and engages in the recording 8th'' the oblong tile 1'''' the brick wall layer 32 '' one.

Here is thus a modular design, in which the joints of the individual elongated bricks 1'''' and 1a '''' both horizontally and vertically offset from each other and the long-bricks 1'''' and 1a '''' thus overlap in the wall surface. This will heat bridges in the multilayer wall 30 '' particularly reliably avoided. At the same time a multi-layer insulation layer can be produced with little effort and almost identical perforated bricks, which allows particularly favorable insulation effects. It can also be formed more than two brick wall layers, so as to further increase the thickness of insulation.

9 shows one opposite 8th Modified fastening method for long hole tiles in multi-layer insulation layers. Here is the outer brick wall layer 32 ''' identical to that in 8th chosen while the inner, the supporting wall element facing brick wall layer 32 '' from differently shaped oblong bricks 1b '''' is constructed. Shown in this 9 the detail, in which the inside to come to be lying second outer longitudinal web of Langlochziegels 1'''' the brick wall layer 32 ''' and the outside outer longitudinal ridge of the long hole brick 1b '''' in contact with each other in plant. The oblong tile 1b '''' have a groove on the outer longitudinal web 18 on, which is formed here with an undercut in the manner of a dovetail groove. In this, if necessary, a metal profile rail 33 ' inserted, which as a holding means for the elongated bricks 1'''' the outer brick wall layer 32 ''' serves.

The elongated brick thus formed 1b '''' can then be used in an unchanged form for each brick wall layer, regardless of its position in the wall structure and the number of brick wall layers. The metal profile rail 33 ' is then inserted or inserted or omitted as needed.

The side view in 10 shows a further modified embodiment of a Langlochziegels 1''''' , Here, too, lies in the corner between a first outer crossbar 4 ''' and a first outer longitudinal web 2 ''' a step 11 '' and in the corner between a second outer crossbar 5 ''' and the first outer longitudinal bar 2 ''' a lead 10 '' in front. The difference to that in 7 shown long hole brick is that in the corner between the first outer crossbar 4 ''' and a second outer longitudinal web 3 ''' a second stage 11a '' is present and in the corner between a second outer crossbar 5 ''' and the second outer longitudinal web 3 ''' a second advantage 10a '' given is.

Two superimposed elongated bricks 1''''' thus grip in a multi-layered wall 30 ''' form-fitting into each other, as in 11 is shown. It is therefore given a kind of toothing in the vertical direction in a brick wall layer. This has the advantage that the long hole brick 1''''' hold each other and so the brick wall layer more stable on the supporting wall element 31 is present. This is particularly important because such wall structures are subject to wind suction when corresponding winds flow over the facade of a building. Due to the positive connection of the elongated bricks 1''''' is thus reliable lifting or unscrewing one or more Langlochziegel 1''''' avoided. On an adhesive like the glue 35 between the second outer longitudinal web and the supporting wall element (cf. 3 and 4 ) can then be dispensed with.

On the other hand, this holding connection can still be reinforced by moving in the joint between two abutting elongated bricks 1''''' in a brick wall layer, a bonding agent such as mortar, a PU foam, an adhesive o. The like. Introduces and so complements the positive connection by an adhesive bond.

The embodiments according to the 8th to 11 In each case, this in turn represents an independent inventive fact, which is also applicable, detached from the specific method and use of the present invention.

In addition to the embodiments shown, the invention allows for further design approaches.

Thus, the receptacle may be formed in a different shape than hook-shaped. In particular, if in addition a bond is provided on the supporting wall element, it may be sufficient, for example, if the receptacle is designed as a support and provides a force or material connection. Other geometries are possible as long as a cooperation with the holding device z. B. by a clamping action, etc., is given. The important thing here is that the long hole tiles do not wear themselves, but on the Holding devices from the supporting wall element 31 being held.

The holding device can be adapted accordingly and assume a different cross-sectional shape. Moreover, it may be made of a material other than metal such. B. of stone, plastic, possibly a fiber-reinforced plastic such as fiberglass, CFRP, etc., or the like may be formed.

Instead of using a separate holding device, it is also possible, by a suitable structural design of the supporting wall element 31 There immediately a way to attach the Langlochziegel 1 etc. produce. Then can be dispensed with a holding device.

In addition, it is also possible, for example, to provide the holding device with two hook elements, so that a hook hooks in at the upper end of the lower elongated brick, while another hook in the region of the recess 9 engages hooking on the upper elongated brick in a suitably designed contour. This would then be the recess 9 adjust accordingly. This design method would have the further advantage that each oblong tile 1 respectively. 1' then both at the top and at the bottom of the second outer longitudinal web 3 would be fixed. Then, too, could easily on the glue 35 be waived.

It can also take more than one shot 8th to the oblong tile 1 respectively. 1' be formed to a particularly stable hold of the slot brick on the supporting wall element 31 to enable.

Furthermore, it is also possible that the receptacle is not arranged in a corner region between outer longitudinal web and outer transverse web, but in a central region of an outer longitudinal web, so that each elongated brick in a central region, preferably slightly above, on the supporting wall element 31 is held.

The recording on the oblong brick 1 respectively. 1' could also be designed so that the opening is not accessible via the outer longitudinal web, but from an outer crossbar ago. This also makes it possible to produce a hooking with a correspondingly adapted metal profile rail readily. The oblong tile 1 respectively. 1' would not be hung from above, but z. B. pivoted from below.

Unless attaching the long hole tiles on the supporting wall element 31 can also be done in other ways, can be on a recording 8th be dispensed with the long hole brick.

In the two embodiments shown in the figures, the oblong bricks 1 respectively. 1' two bracing bars each 7 on. However, these are not required for all application examples. Often it is sufficient alone in the field of recording 8th to provide a strut web or to dispense entirely with such struts webs. Alternatively, it is also possible, the filling channel 6 To subdivide by further Verstrebungsstege, transverse webs, longitudinal webs, etc. in more individual chambers. This is particularly advantageous for particularly large-sized slotted tiles to improve their static load capacity.

The outer longitudinal walkway 2 respectively. 2 ' furthermore, it is not necessary for it to be double-walled with a perforation. In a simplified embodiment, a single bridge is sufficient here. In addition, the perforation in the double-walled outer longitudinal web shown can be filled with insulating material or be free thereof. Furthermore, it is also possible, the second outer longitudinal web 3 double-walled or single-walled.

In simplified embodiments, further may also be on the projection 10 or the complementary stage 11 be waived. Unless the space for the screw connection 34 the metal profile rail 33 is sufficient, may also affect the recess 9 be waived.

In particular, it is also possible to use individual hooks instead of a continuous rail for each individual elongated brick, which produce a punctiform connection. On the other hand, it is also possible to use a long, continuous metal profile rail, to which a plurality of elongated bricks 1 respectively. 1' can be hung.

On the majority of grooves on the second outer longitudinal web 3 can also be dispensed with. On the other hand, it is also possible and when using a Putzlage 36 advantageous, albeit on the outside of the first outer longitudinal web 2 respectively. 2 ' Grooves are provided.

As insulating material, wood wool, cellulose material, cork particles, natural wool or the like can be used instead of the mineral wool flakes. In addition, a mineral insulating material in foamed or unfoamed form, such. As concrete foam, expanded perlite and foam glass, or a foamed plastic such as EPS used. Depending on the consistency, the insulating material can also contribute to the stabilization of the perforated brick. Finally, almost any of the usual insulating materials can be used in the invention. Preference is given to insulating materials which are pumpable and / or absorbent or pourable.

In a modified embodiment, it is also possible that the insulating material 13 is inserted into the filling channels in a manner other than by blowing. For example, it can be sucked in, inserted or pressed in or introduced by a combination of individual of these procedures. In particular, a specific combination of injection and aspiration steps can contribute to a particularly complete filling of the filling channels. If a foamed plastic as insulation 13 is used, this can be directly in the mutually aligned filling channels 6 a series are foamed.

The insulating material 13 In any case, it will be in the largest cross-sectional area of the filling channels 6 brought in; provided by the struts 7 etc. given divided sections have no suitable cross-sectional area, can be dispensed with their backfilling.

As glue 35 may also be a suitable mortar, z. As thin-bed mortar, a polyurethane foam or other suitable and proven in the construction industry adhesive can be used.

In the in 4 embodiment shown are straps 37 shown, which serve as a facade cladding. Instead of such straps but tiles or the like can be used.

On the brick wall layer 32 respectively. 32 ' facing surface of the supporting wall element 31 may also be applied a leveling layer to eliminate any bumps or the like. Because the brick wall layer 32 respectively. 32 ' in the embodiments shown not directly on the supporting wall element 31 it comes to rest, however, it is ultimately sufficient if the contact area of the metal profile rails 33 is provided with a leveling layer to here a uniform and flat outer surface of the multilayer wall 30 respectively. 30 ' to achieve.

In the illustrated embodiments, the brick wall layer is 32 respectively. 32 ' on the outside as facade cladding on the load-bearing wall element 31 appropriate; Alternatively or additionally, however, it is also possible to arrange a corresponding brick wall layer on the inside. In principle, the same advantages are achieved with regard to a particularly low installation effort in the production, the more effective fire protection as well as the improved thermal insulation properties.

The invention can also be applied to perforated bricks and is not limited to the use of elongated bricks. The rows of perforated bricks with mutually aligned filling channels are then aligned vertically and are, so to speak, in a columnar shape.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102004043494 A1 [0006]
• EP 1905914 A2 [0007]
• DE 202011106987 U1 [0008]
• DE 7820590 U1 [0011]
• DE 19629919 A1 [0019, 0020]

Claims (20)

Method for creating a multilayer wall ( 30 ; 30 ' ), comprising the steps of: providing a load-bearing wall element ( 31 ), and providing a plurality of perforated bricks, which at least one filling channel ( 6 ; 6 '' ) for producing a brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ) for insulation purposes, characterized by the steps of: attaching the perforated bricks to the supporting wall element ( 31 ) in such a way that their filling channels ( 6 ; 6 '' ) are substantially aligned with each other, wherein a plurality of rows of perforated bricks are arranged to each other so that they the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ), and then jointly filling the mutually aligned filling channels ( 6 ; 6 '' ) in a series of perforated bricks with an insulating material ( 13 ). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated brick a Langlochziegel ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ), whose filling channel extends parallel to the bearing surface, wherein the elongated bricks ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) on the supporting wall element ( 31 ) are attached side by side in lines such that their filling channels ( 6 ; 6 '' ) are substantially aligned with each other, with several rows of elongated bricks ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) are arranged one above the other and so the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ), and wherein the mutually aligned Verrfüllkanäle ( 6 ; 6 '' ) in a row of long hole tiles ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) together with the insulating material ( 13 ). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated brick is a perforated brick whose filling channel extends perpendicular to the bearing surface, wherein the perforated brick on the supporting wall element ( 31 ) are mounted one above the other in columnar rows such that their filling channels are substantially aligned with each other, wherein a plurality of columnar rows of perforated bricks are arranged next to each other and so the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ), and wherein the mutually aligned filling channels are then filled in a columnar row of perforated bricks together with the insulating material. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one holding device ( 33 ) on the supporting wall element ( 31 ) is arranged, with the perforated bricks are attached thereto. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that characterized in that (at least one receiving hole brick 8th ; 8th'' ), in particular molded or incorporated, is, with which of these on the supporting wall element ( 31 ) is appended. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the receptacle ( 8th ; 8th'' ) is hook-shaped in cross-section. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulating material ( 13 ) by a blowing process into the filling channels ( 6 ; 6 '' ) is introduced. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that as insulating material ( 13 ) Mineral wool is introduced, which is present in particular in the form of mineral wool flakes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that as insulating material ( 13 ) Wood wool is introduced. Multilayer wall ( 30 ; 30 ' ) from a load-bearing wall element ( 31 ) and at least one additional brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ) for Dämmzwecke, which inside and / or outside of the supporting wall element ( 31 ) and from a plurality of perforated bricks with filling channels ( 6 ; 6 '' ) is formed, which with an insulating material ( 13 ) and wherein there are several rows of perforated bricks and so the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ), characterized in that the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ) on the supporting wall element ( 31 ), wherein the perforated bricks for this purpose individually adjacent to each other in rows on the supporting wall element ( 31 ), that the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ) substantially aligned filling channels ( 6 ; 6 '' ) has the perforated brick, and that the filling of insulating material ( 13 ) runs through the rows in a row adjacent to each other perforated brick continuously bum-free away and bridges them. Multilayer wall according to claim 10, characterized in that the perforated brick is a long-hole brick ( 1 ; 1'; 1'; 1'''; 1'''' ), wherein the elongated bricks ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) to this individually juxtaposed in rows on the supporting wall element ( 31 ), with several rows of elongated bricks ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) over each other and so the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ), and wherein the filling of insulating material ( 13 ) by the juxtaposed long hole tiles in a row ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) passes completely bum-free and bridges them. Multilayer wall according to claim 10, characterized in that the perforated brick is a perforated bricks, the hollow bricks for this purpose, one above the other in columnar rows on the supporting wall element ( 31 ) are attached, with several columnar rows of perforated bricks next to each other and so the brick wall layer ( 32 ; 32 ' ), and wherein the filling of insulating material ( 13 ) Runs through the column in a column-like row stacked hollow brick continuous bum-free away and bridged. Multilayer wall according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that at least one holding device ( 33 ) on the supporting wall element ( 31 ), the perforated bricks being attached thereto. Multilayer wall according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that at the perforated bricks at least one receptacle ( 8th ; 8th'' ), in particular molded or incorporated, is. Multilayer wall according to claim 14, characterized in that the receptacle ( 8th ; 8th'' ) is hook-shaped in cross-section. Multilayer wall according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the insulating material ( 13 ) Mineral wool, which is present in particular in the form of mineral wool flakes. Multilayer wall according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the insulating material ( 13 ) Wood wool is. Long hole brick ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) for a multilayer wall ( 30 ; 30 ' ), with at least one filling channel ( 6 ; 6 '' ) parallel to a bearing surface of the long hole brick ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ), characterized in that at the long hole brick ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) at least one recording ( 8th ; 8th'' ) for attaching the Langlochziegels ( 1 ; 1'; 1''; 1'''; 1'''' ) on a supporting wall element ( 31 ), in particular molded, is, wherein the receptacle ( 8th ; 8th'' ) is preferably hook-shaped in cross-section. Hollow brick for a multilayer wall ( 30 ; 30 ' ), with at least one filling channel, which extends perpendicular to a bearing surface of the perforated brick, characterized in that the hollow brick at least one receptacle for attaching the perforated brick to a supporting wall element ( 31 ), in particular incorporated, is, wherein the receptacle is preferably hook-shaped in cross section. Building with several walls and a roof, characterized in that at least one wall as a multilayer wall ( 30 ; 30 ' ) is designed according to one of claims 10 to 17.

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