DE102004003681A1 - Bending device with pendulum rollers - Google Patents

Abstract

A bending device for bending deformation of open, semi-open and closed hollow sections works with a bearing on the inside of the curved profile center roller, an applied on the outside of the sheet roll and a arranged on the outlet side of the profile bending roll, which acts on the outside of the sheet, namely the supporting action of a voltage applied to the inlet side of the sheet outer side support roller. DOLLAR A In order to enable the transformation thin-walled, sensitive profiles, it is provided that further rolling rollers are arranged in a vertical plane to the bending plane with respect to the opposed central and rolling rollers, which act on the upper and lower side wall of the profile.

Description

The The invention relates to a bending device with pendulum rollers the preamble of claim 1.

The Invention discloses a new bending method, which will also be discussed below as cold-flow bending referred to as.

At the Cold forming, when bending hollow sections, especially of open and half-open profiles, the problem is that the profile tends to buckle, buckling, rippling or breaking.

In the DE 197 17 472 A1 A solution to this problem has been proposed in such a way that a four-roll bending machine is equipped with a mandrel shaft which is positioned in the interior of the profile in the bending zone.

The Bending machine consists of one on the inside of the bent Profile's center roll, one at the bow outside applying rolling roll and arranged on the outlet side of the profile Bending roll, which acts on the outside of the bow, and contrary the supporting effect a voltage applied to the inlet side of the bow outside supporting role.

It It was found that with this known bending device Buckling effect of the horizontal sides of the sheet (inside and outside of the sheet) the profile takes place in such a way that the at the Outside of the curve adjacent rolling roll thins out the profile in this area and the middle roller resting against the inside of the sheet absorbs the reaction forces, where there is an increase in the material of the wall thickness in the region of the inside of the sheet can come through a compression effect of the curved profile.

So far were material changes in the thickness of the material wall of the profile to be bent in the area the bow inside and bow outside accepted without controlling these material changes controlled could become.

The associated stretching and compression forces on the inner bow or Have bow outside accordingly a according to negative influence on the shaping of the profile and of the material structure.

In order to was the flow of material from the outside of the sheet to the inside of the sheet, or in the direction of the arc outer circumference and the inner circumference of the arc (transverse, longitudinal flow of the structure in the profile cross-section) not controlled. Therefore, could bruises and Faults in the walls take place.

At the Bending this profile, there is accordingly a stretch area in the outer bow and an upsetting area in the inner bow.

stretch and upsetting are events that are overcome by the introduction of force the moment of resistance of a profile to be bent arise, this personnel cause in the profile to be bent a structural flow of the material.

The Stretching and upsetting flow will be through big Tensile and compressive forces outside and interior of a profile sheet manufacturing when crossing the elastic limit causes.

In conventional bending profiles after the DE 197 17 472 A1 it comes in the boundary region of a bend to deformations in the profile cross-section, according to the subject of the DE 197 17 472 A1 already had an influence on these deformations to the extent that the inner and outer wall of the profile experienced a clean guidance through a positioned in the bending zone mandrel shaft.

It could nevertheless lead to so-called micro- or macrocracking in the sidewall of the curved profile come, or at the transitions between rolled and unaltered wall to shear forces, which is a separation of the Materials could result. The homogeneity of the structure was disturbed or even interrupted.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a bending device of the aforementioned type so that an optimal Forming a profile without interference the homogeneity of the structure while avoiding micro or Macrocracks in the sidewalls of the profile is achieved.

In order to should be a clean and dimensionally stable cross-sectional shape of the curved profile and a clean surface can be achieved.

to solution the task is the invention by the technical teaching of the claim.

Essential is that in a vertical plane to the bending plane with respect to opposite each other Central and rolling rollers further, so-called pendulum rollers arranged are, which act on the upper and lower side wall of the profile.

With This technical teaching is a novel flow-forming bending proposed, which is a structural flow induced in the bending axis of a profile. This structure flow is created by the rolling process at the moment when the bending process in Gear is set, along with the introduction of the rolling effect.

stretching and compression forces are reduced to a minimum or completely eliminated in this way, depending on the rolling force to be introduced and the penetration depth of the rolling rolls in the material.

The homogeneity of the material during the Bending process remains largely intact or will even by the compression according to the invention of all walls (Outside of the curve, Bow inside, side wall above and side wall below) improved.

The previously mentioned harmful Influences in the Section structure in the bending axis can thus no longer arise.

The Invention proposes as a result, on the upper and lower side wall, further roles ago, hereinafter referred to as pendulum rollers become. On the term "pendulum roller" is the invention but not limited. In the simplest embodiment of the invention, these rolling rolls (with or without contour) non-oscillating, but rigidly arranged.

The Invention busy mainly with the induced structure flow, the one from the bow outside The profile runs in the direction of the inside of the sheet and controls this structure flow by attaching upper and lower pendulum rollers the upper and lower side walls, so the structure flow from the bow outside to divert to the inside of the arch and initiate there.

In addition causes the volume displacement is a longitudinal flow with the result, an elongation above the bend line.

If for example, an open, semi-open or closed hollow profile is bent two-dimensional, results after the bending process arc-shaped, Profile lying in the XY plane. It is through a bow outside and defines an arc inside, wherein at the outside of the bow the so-called rolling roll, while on the inside of the sheet, the so-called center roll is applied.

at the production of such a bow occurs on the outside of the bow to a lengthening of the Profile by the measure I + .DELTA.I while on the inside of the arch is the length l is maintained. This is true in the event that the bend line located on the inside of the arch. This means that the entire profile cross section rolled upwards from the inside of the arch becomes.

Thereby it comes by the Auswalzeffekt the rolling roll on the outside of the sheet to an elongation of the material, accompanied by a controlled material flow in the long run generated, so the outside of the bow to create. The following are the sake of clarity, the two (usually plane-parallel associated with each other) walls, on which bear against the roller and the center roller, called "end walls" perpendicularly extending walls are referred to as "sidewalls".

The Invention busy now with the in the bow outside End wall resulting material flows, according to the invention on the novel - an the side walls acting - pendulum rollers on the associated side walls be deflected to the arc inside end wall.

According to the invention are now upper and lower pendulum rollers arranged, each at create the upper and lower side wall. These take the material flow from the bow inside and bow outside depending on the depth of penetration and inclination the pendulum rollers in the entire bearing surface of the upper and lower Side wall.

Therefore it no longer comes to the previously described, adverse microstructural changes Stretching, shear and compression forces, because a structure flow of the material induced by the upper and lower pendulum rollers takes place in the upper and lower side wall.

are for example, the wall thicknesses of a profile to be bent equally strong, can by appropriate Changes in cross section due to the above-described and calculated material shifts on the profile wall, the bending line are laid so that the compression area on the profile sheet inside largely eliminated. There are therefore no more compression forces which can cause deformations. Such a laying of the bending line is due to the rolling achieved the side walls. Therefore, this method is also referred to as Auswalzbiegen.

at This bender bending are the upper and lower swing rollers in its axial position against the plane parallelism of the profile to be bent Tapered against each other.

It is therefore on the two upper and lower side walls on the outside of the bow a reached stronger Auswalztiefe, as compared to the inside of the sheet.

The Adjustment of the axial position of the two upper and lower spherical rollers is therefore such that the pendulum rollers at the top and bottom Sidewall at the bow outside have a relative depth of penetration into the material, whereas these Penetration depth set to 0 in the direction of the inside of the sheet can expire.

In order to is achieved that even the necessary in itself Bender roll can be omitted and only by this employment of the two Pendulum rollers in cooperation with the horizontal rolling and Central role already an arcuate deformation of the profile takes place. There is no need for another bending roll, which itself at an axial distance from the aforementioned center and roll rolls to the outside of the bow of the profile and transforms this.

Of course it is the invention is not limited to the omission of the bending roller. It can also be provided that the bending roller is still present and that provided here, according to the invention pendulum rollers, the the upper and lower side wall of the profile act, additionally available are.

Important in this version is that the bending line is moved to the inside of the sheet and thereby a structure flow from the bow outside in Direction is induced on the inside of the sheet. This is going through different adjustable axial longitudinal angles of the pendulum rollers and reached their penetration depths in the material to be formed.

at This Auswalzbiegen is also still important that the on the bow inside and outside be taken into account material shifts taking place. To this Purpose, it is provided that the outer-side roll (rolling roller) plane parallel (or with skew) against the bow outside of the profile is delivered while the roll resting on the inside of the sheet (center roll) is plane-parallel or with skew against the inside of the sheet is delivered.

in this connection the penetration depth of the voltage applied to the outside of the sheet roll (Rolling roller) of the perpendicular thereto, acting on the side walls Swing rollers taken and redirected into the side walls and over the side walls passed away to the inside of the bow.

Important is that between the roll located on the outside of the bow (Rolling roller) and the vertically adjoining pendulum roller no gap or free space on the profile to be formed results. These roles So should that possible form-fitting profile to be formed enclose, to a dodge, bulging and the like. In this gap area avoid.

Around To achieve this effect, it is machine-technically necessary the pendulum roller in its longitudinal axis form slidably so that they during the bending process the profile to be reshaped follows.

It So only the wall volume .DELTA.V of front and side walls of the curved profile from the outside of the arch in the direction of the inside of the arch decreasing ΔV shifted to an increase in length. This ensures that no material accumulation takes place on the inside of the sheet, but that these material changes the arc outside ΔVmax to Inside bend with ΔVmin in a corresponding increase in length being transformed.

The Invention is not limited to that in the so-called Only the pendulum rollers resting on the side walls bend out be conically set against each other. It may be in another embodiment also be provided that for certain profile shapes and special wall thickness also the rolling and resting on the inside and outside and middle roles are designed according to pendulum and accordingly also against each other can be hired.

If when Auswalzbiegen different wall thicknesses in the profile to be bent has, it is useful, too the rolling and center rollers, which at the bow inside and outside concern to make different in their depth of penetration in the profile (to oblique).

following is as a second embodiment the teaching of the invention the so-called gravity bending shown.

at this gravity bending remains the bending line in the gravity line, d. H. about in the middle of the profile to be bent, when it comes to is a symmetrical profile.

Important in this gravity bending is that the upper and lower pendulum rollers, which abut the upper and lower side walls, either oscillating aslant can be put against each other, or that they have a double conical tread.

Gravity bending describes a bending condition in which the profile over the neutral never, ie gravity line, in the bow outer area by stretching a wall thickness thinning and elongation beyond the gravity line experiences beyond.

At the Place of the gravity line begins to increase the wall thickness with the volume which was displaced from the gravity line to the bow outside.

• 1. Was außen an Volumen abnimmt, nimmt innen an Volumen zu.
• 2. Was an Längung außen zunimmt, nimmt innen an Längung ab.

In other words:

• 1. What decreases volume on the outside increases in volume.
• 2. What increases in lengthening on the outside decreases in lengthening.

These Rule applies to a profile formed symmetrically in cross-section and wall.

This physical process also causes a, albeit minimal settlement reduction by the displacement of the gravity line inside.

The Gravity line, d. H. the focus shifts around that Dimension X towards the inside of the arch; caused by the material volume shift.

Of the Profilinnenquerschnitt remains largely through the mandrel shank tool receive.

These Knowledge forms the basis for the volume calculation Determination of the various roller penetration depths on the profile walls and the thus controlled adjustable radii of a bending Profile.

The Swing rollers are now according to the above physical Displacement phenomena and the resulting volume changes in the face and sidewall area set.

The thinning in the bow outside, the thickening in the bow inner area as well as the conical sidewall change will now be targeted in more accurate Rolling roller setting adjusted.

• 1. Ein hochduktiles Gefüge (d. h. keine Verzerrungen, Mikro- oder Makrorisse im Gefüge).
• 2. Saubere Außen- und Innenkontur des Profilquerschnittes (also keine Verwerfungen, ßeulungen, Wellungen in der Profilwand).
• 3. Hohe Maßhaltigkeit des Profilbogens sowie des Profilquerschnitts.
• 4. Bessere Oberflächenbeschaffenheit des Profils nach dem Biegen.
• 5. Höhere Biegeleistung.
• 6. Biegeteile in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang gebogen.
• 7. Frei wählbare Biegekontur.
• 8. Kleinstmögliche Radien und Kurven werden mit einem einzigen Biegewerkzeug gebogen.

Advantage of gravity bending is:

• 1. A highly ductile structure (ie no distortions, micro- or macro-cracks in the structure).
• 2. Clean outer and inner contour of the profile cross-section (ie no distortions, outsoles, corrugations in the profile wall).
• 3. High dimensional accuracy of the profile sheet and the profile cross-section.
• 4. Better surface finish of the profile after bending.
• 5. Higher bending capacity.
• 6. Bending parts bent in a single operation.
• 7. Freely selectable bending contour.
• 8. The smallest possible radii and curves are bent with a single bending tool.

By the compression forces it comes from the bending line of the profile to an increase in the material in the direction of the inside of the arch in the same size as the material removal on the outside of the bow.

When third embodiment the invention, the so-called compression roll bending is described in detail. Here are again upper and lower pendulum rollers, in conjunction with an axially offset to the aforementioned roles arranged bending roller.

The Bending line is moved to the outside of the bow and the Conical material thickening of the side walls are deflected into the arc inner wall. The main compressive forces occur at the inner wall of the arch by shortening the bow unwinding.

The Upset roll bending uses opposing braked center and roll rolls, d. h., The speed of each of the profile outer and - inside The role played is less than the speed of the profile through the bend gap. additionally are at the bow inside and outside so-called brake shoes arranged, which the resistance on the increase the profile to be bent and thus a strong compression effect arises in the bending axis.

Generally is based on all three bending processes, the recognition that by symmetrical or asymmetrical volume displacements of a profile cross-section by rolling out with pendulum rollers at the top and bottom Abut sidewalls, a disorder of the structure of the structure is avoided.

The Internal geometry (this is the internal cross-sectional shape) of a profile remains dimensional keep unchanged.

Important is that the inside dimension of the Profile is maintained and only the outer dimensions of the profile in the sense of a Volume shift changed become. Here, the internal profile remains constant.

Alternatively, it will be described below as a further possibility that the external profile of the profile remains constant. This is achieved by means of a flexible, adjustable mandrel shaft, which absorbs the wall thickness changes that occur in the interior of the profile takes. From the outside, therefore, the bent profile is not seen to have different wall thicknesses in the curved inner area.

The Bending line here is the line at which the forces for stretching and upsetting build up and deform the corresponding profile.

in this connection is for the invention in all versions important that the present invention is not limited to a two-dimensional Deforming a profile is directed, but that with the arrangement additionally achieved by either contoured or oscillating rolling rolls can be that of a two-dimensional profile a helix (in three-dimensional form) can be bent. When spiral bending can even the bending roller as well as the other known additional devices omitted because this helical shape solely by the volume shift (due to the pendulum rollers) is achieved.

This is made by tapering the center roller and the opposite Roll reached.

For this The upper and lower pendulum rollers are still used for the desired grain flow and for the radius of the bend.

Of the Subject of the present invention does not arise only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from the combination the individual claims among themselves.

All in the documents, including Summary of information and features, in particular the spatial training shown in the drawings as claimed essential to the invention, as far as they individually or in Combination opposite the prior art are new.

in the Below, the invention is based on several execution paths illustrative drawings closer explained. Here are more from the drawings and their description Essential to the invention features and advantages of the invention.

It demonstrate:

1 : schematizes the bend of a two-dimensional profile;

2 : the deformation of a profile at the bend after 1 when dispensing with a mandrel shaft entrained in the bending zone;

3 : Schematically, the plan view of a bending device in a first embodiment;

4 : Section along the line AA in 3 ;

5 : the enlarged view of the profile to be bent under the action of the rollers during gravity bending;

6 : the enlarged view of the profile to be bent under the influence of the different rollers during the deflection bending;

7 a second embodiment of a bending device in plan view;

8th : Section along the line AA in 7 ;

9 : Section along the line BB in 7 ;

10 : An enlarged view of a profile to be bent during compression roll bending with a device according to 7 to 9 ,

11 : Section through the bending roll zone of the profile with the four adjacent rolls

12 : Schematisiert the representation of the forming processes in the section

In 1 becomes a symmetrical hollow profile (as profile 1 referred to) formed by symmetrical bending forming in a curved profile.

For the sake of simplification, it is not shown that on the inlet side of the profile 1 additional support rollers 5 . 6 according to 3 are arranged.

It is important when comparing the 1 With 3 in that on the outside of the sheet (outer end wall) a rolling roller 4 abuts, while on the inside of the sheet (inner end wall) has a central role 3 is applied. The two rollers are either both or only one of them is driven in rotation.

In the interior of the hollow profile extends a mandrel 7 , at its front end a mandrel shaft 8th is arranged, the corresponding support elements 9 . 10 having.

These support elements 9 . 10 are highly wear-resistant support bodies that adhere to the inside of the profile 1 in the area of the bending zone.

The bending zone is characterized by the juxtaposition of the center rolls 3 and 4 educated.

By the way, the profile can still be in the direction of the arrow 2 with a Schubvor not shown direction are pushed through the bending zone.

1 shows that at the bow outside 53 the rolling roll 4 abuts while on the inside of the arch 52 the central role 3 is applied. This ensures that, for example, the inside of the sheet with a bending radius 15 is bent while the bow outside 53 with a bending radius 14 is bent.

In order to allow the bend at all, a bending roll is at an axial distance from the bending zone 11 at the bow outside 53 arranged according to the representation in the position 11 ' is displaceable, so with an undeliverable force on the outside of the bow 53 to affect the profile to be bent.

The bending roller 11 Acts in principle against the resistance of the support rollers 5 . 6 , in particular the support roller 6 while the support roller 5 only has managerial responsibilities.

According to the invention it is now provided that on the upper side wall 50 an upper pendulum roller 12 shaping abuts while on the lower side wall 51 a lower pendulum roller 13 shaping.

This is new and has been described in the prior art.

The arrangement of the upper and lower pendulum rollers 12 . 13 is in 1 also shown schematically.

According to the invention, it is now provided in a first embodiment that these two pendulum rollers 12 . 13 in its axial position (with respect to the horizontal axis 21 ) are formed pendulum, ie the upper pendulum roller 12 can in the direction of the arrow 18 on the pivot axis 22a be pivoted and the lower pendulum roller 13 can in the direction of the arrow 19 on the lower pivot axis 22b be pivoted.

This makes it clear that the two pendulum rollers 12 . 13 are conically set against each other and this is a greater penetration depth on the respective side wall 50 . 51 at the bow outside 53 have, as compared to the side wall 50 . 51 towards the inside of the arch 52 ,

Rather, it is provided in a preferred embodiment, that the penetration depth on the outside of the sheet 53 maximum while at the inside of the arch 52 runs out to 0.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that not only the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 covering the upper and lower side walls 50 . 51 are assigned, pivotally and be formed skewed, but that also additionally the rolling roller 4 and / or the middle role 3 are also designed to be pivotable. Such pivoting can in this case in the arrow directions 16 . 17 occur.

In the embodiment according to 1 and 4 thus becomes the upper pendulum roller 12 clockwise in the direction of the arrow 18 against the upper side wall 50 pivoted while the lower pendulum roller 13 counterclockwise (arrow direction 19 ) against the corresponding side wall 51 is pivoted.

The 2 now shows that if the profile is reshaped when the corresponding guide means are removed, it is a profile 1 the undesirable deformed profile 1' which results at the bow outside 53 undergoes a corresponding dent inward with a corresponding reduction of the width dimension, with a simultaneous material thinning takes place.

At the bow inside 52 is an increase in material to visualize, this increase is distributed in a corresponding denting and wall thickness thickening.

This phenomenon happens especially when in the interior of the profile no mandrel shaft 8th is entrained and deform forces outside and compressive forces inside the profile in the form shown.

According to the invention is now according to 4 provided that on the side walls 50 . 51 adjacent pendulum rollers 12 . 13 each with the rolling force F ₂ and F ₃ against the side wall 50 . 51 be guided and this simultaneously in the direction of arrow 18 . 19 be pivoted against each other.

When Auswalzbiegen thus results in a conical sidewall profile of the curved profile 1' like this in 4 is shown.

There is a thickening of the profile cross-section in the middle role 3 on the inside of the arch, while in the area of the outside of the arch a profile dilution takes place. In the sidewall area of the side walls 50 . 51 In this case, the material is distributed conically.

The 5 shows the profile deformation on an enlarged scale during gravity bending.

Here are the respective roles 3 . 4 . 12 . 13 only hinted at, and only in Area of their running surfaces when acting on the respective outer sides of the profile to be reshaped 1 ,

The transfer of the drawing figure 5 on the drawing figure 1 means that practically from the drawing plane the 5 the profile in the direction of the arrow 26 is bent out to the top.

It is important that the rolling roller 4 in the direction of the arrow 46 (Feed direction) in the outer bow 29 is delivered. The bending axis 54 passes through the zero line 30 ,

The previous, undeformed outer arch 29 turns into the deformed outer arch 29 ' , This is with a material thinning 43 connected. The material thinning 43 results from the difference between the undeformed outer arch 29 and the outer arch resulting from the bend 29 ' , The stretching forces arising during the forming lead to the said material thinning 43 ,

In the area of the side walls, where the corresponding pendulum rollers 12 . 13 act, it leads to a conical material thinning 31 as they are called thin, wedge-shaped surfaces 31 are shown extending perpendicularly from the vertical material thinning 43 extend on the bow outside towards the bow inside.

At the bending axis 54 in the zero-line area 30 disappears this wedge-shaped material thinning 31 ,

Beyond the bend line 30 towards the inner arch 28 again results in an increase in material 32 coming from the bend line 30 starting as a narrow, wedge-shaped wedge towards the inside of the arch 52 enlarged.

This results between the material thinning 31 and the material increase 32 an equal volume change.

It is important that the respective pendulum rollers 12 . 13 have a particularly contoured tread and even undulating or bevelled be deliverable to the respective side walls.

The tread 25 the respective pendulum roller 12 . 13 is tapered so that the tread part 25a from the bend line 30 starting to the outer bow 29 rises conically. This is an acting in the outer arch, maximum penetration depth of the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 reached. This penetration depth supports the elbow elongation, ie the increase in length on the outside of the arch 53 ,

From the bend line 30 right, towards the inside of the arch 52 or on the inner bow 28 , however, is the tread 25b the respective pendulum roller 12 . 13 exactly cylindrical. This causes the ones in the sidewall area 50 . 51 resulting material increase 32 in conical shape in the direction of the arrow 33 in the inner bow 28 is diverted. This is done by the respective pendulum rollers 12 . 13 against the respective side wall 50 . 51 be delivered symmetrically and not bevelled, whereby the material increase 32 in the direction of the arrow 33 in the inner bow 28 is displaced and there the later inner arch shape 28 ' occupies.

That's why it's on the inside of the arch 52 to an increase in material 32 ' so that the thinning gauge left exists 36 on the roller 4 thus on the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 moved to the right towards the inside of the arch, namely on the line of material increase 32 ' ,

Due to the conical material increases of material increases 32 arises in the area of the inner wall of the inner arch 28 a material thickening 34 ,

The central role 3 has only shaping character in the way that the profile of the inside of the arch 52 only supported accordingly.

The resulting increase in material 44 results from the volume displacement of the two wedges of the resulting material increase in the side wall 32 ,

The forces created by stretching and upsetting are the same size, but with different signs. This is symbolized by the slope, which states that the forces are in the area of the central axis 23 and bending axis 54 are at 0 while they are in the area of the outer arch 29 are indicated with minus.

Slimming means they are on the inside bow 28 are indicated with plus and therefore are maximum.

On the bow outside Therefore, a stretching force, while on the inside of the sheet creates a Compression force arises.

The on the outside bow 29 resulting thinning 27a is therefore in one on the inner bow 28 in the same size in the compression thickness 27 implemented.

With 35 is the lateral boundary of the tread 35 described the pendulum roller, with the movement of the rolling roller in the direction of the barrel area 35 ' is moved.

In 6 An arrangement for deflection bending is described.

In this arrangement, it is essential that the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 not a specially contoured tread 25 but that the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 altogether at an angle 45 (Angle α) are bevelled, namely from the outer bow 29 on going in the direction of the inner bow 28 ,

The bending line now shifts from the center of gravity in the middle axis 23 towards the bend line 30 on the inner bow 28 ,

Important in Auswalzbiegen is that a bending roller 11 not necessarily needed, but the shaping bending only by the conical employment of the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 with the help of the delivery of the rolling roller 4 and center role 3 he follows.

Hereby the central role becomes 4 in the direction of the arrow 46 (Feed direction) against the outer bow 29 delivered, resulting in a material thinning 43 comes and this material thinning 43 in a length increase on the outer bow 29 is implemented.

At the same time the material thinning 43 in the area of the side walls in a wedge-shaped material thinning 31 implemented, up to the inside of the arch on the inner bow 28 runs out to 0.

In this Auswalzbiegung is the bending line 30 on the inside of the arch of the inner arch 28 ,

Important here is that the two pendulum rollers 12 . 13 in the direction of the arrows 18 . 19 be bevelled against each other, with the penetration depth on the left side on the profile of material thinning 43 equivalent. All three Auswalzungen, namely the Auswalzung with the rolling roller 4 and the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 , happen at the same time.

For this reason, it comes on the inside of the sheet to an increase in material 56 ,

The surface pressure of the rolling roll 4 on the outside bow 29 is about 3 times higher than the surface pressure on the inner arc 28 adjacent central role 3 , This results in a penetration depth of z. B. 4 mm in the area outer arch 29 and to a penetration depth of 1.3 mm in the area of the inner arc 28 for the corresponding rollers 4 . 3 ,

The embodiment according to 6 is thus characterized in that the upper pendulum roller 12 opposite the lower pendulum roller 13 tapered beveled, so that a greater penetration depth of these two pendulum rollers 12 . 13 on the outside arch 29 as compared to the inner bow 28 he follows.

At the inner bow 28 is the penetration depth 0, where the bend line 30 runs.

The whole bending process takes place in the bending axis 54 , Incidentally, in all three embodiments, it is essential that the interior of the profile 1 . 1' in this bending axis 54 always by the position shaft exactly held there 8th is stabilized, so always the inside dimension of the profile 1 maintain stable. The action force of the rolling roller 4 is therefore on the profile and held in the profile interior mandrel shaft 8th transferred to the middle role.

Likewise, according to the invention the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 against the corresponding side walls 50 . 51 the profile with an adjustable delivery force delivered, with this delivery force is in the range of 100 kN.

The feed force of the rolling roller 4 on the outside bow 29 could be in the range of 400 kN, while the central role 3 only experiences a reaction force. The central role 3 takes up a total of 800 kN.

This is because the rolling roller 4 400 kN applies, the bending roller, not shown 11 200 kN applies to the profile and thereby a reaction force on the support roller 5 . 6 arises. Furthermore arise on the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 corresponding action forces of 100 kN each, so that overall the central role 3 800 kN, whereby the action forces of the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 to the middle role 3 have no influence.

In 7 a second embodiment of a spherical roller rolling machine is shown, which describes the compression roll bending.

Here, the same device is used, as already on hand of the 3 was explained. The explanations given there are therefore also valid for the 7 ,

The 7 however, additionally shows that at the front free end of the mandrel shaft 8th another link chain 39 is arranged, the individual rolling elements 40 hinged together.

This ensures that in the area of the bending axis 54 and in the exit direction behind the bending axis 54 the roller elements 40 are arranged in addition to the inner cross section of the profile 1' to support.

It creates a strong compression force in that the profile in the direction of arrow 2 pushed into the bending zone and the speed at which the center roller 3 and the rolling roll 4 the profile 1 driving, is less than the pushing speed in the direction of the arrow 2 , This leads to a compression effect on the profile 1 in addition, by two opposing brake shoes 37 . 38 is supported.

The brake shoe 37 lies at the bow outside 53 on, while the brake shoe 38 at the bow inside 52 is applied.

The 8th further shows that not only the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 are formed pivotable, but that it is additionally possible, even the center role 3 and the rolling roll 4 pivotable form. The latter roles 3 . 4 are then made pivotable, if not just a two-dimensional bend of the profile 1 is required, but if this profile is to be bent helically. This is indicated by the arrow directions in 8th symbolizes.

The 9 shows a section in the direction of the line BB in 7 where it can be seen that the brake shoe 38 friction increasing at the inside of the arch 52 applies and thereby achieved a strong compression effect.

In the manner previously described is located on the upper side wall 50 the upper pendulum roller 12 while on the lower sidewall 51 the lower pendulum roller 13 according to 8th is applied.

Characteristic of this embodiment is that the bend line 30 now on the outside bow 29 is relocated. This is the bending line 30 understood that in this area no force on the profile 1 acts. It is therefore a neutral line.

From this bend line 30 on the outer arch 29 Now begins the compression on the side walls 50 . 51 towards the inner arch 28 , where there is a conical increase in material in the area of these side walls 32 comes.

The pendulum rollers 12 . 13 have a straight, cylindrical tread and are plane-parallel to the original, unbent profile 1 aligned.

During bending, the wedge-shaped material increase occurs 32 and at the same moment this excess material will be released 32 in the case of the unchanging held pendulum rollers in the area of the inside of the sheet 52 redirected where there is an additional material increase 48 on the inner bow 28 comes.

The previously undeformed inner bow 28 turns radially outward towards the inner arc 28 ' like this in 10 is shown.

Should you use the cone 32 in the area of the side walls 51 . 52 leave, then it would be in the material increase 48 remain. However, this material becomes 32 displaced from the side walls in the inner arc area, it comes to an additional increase in material 32 ' ,

If these two wedges of material increase 32 in the area of the side walls 50 . 51 put on each other, this volume corresponds exactly to the volume of material increase 32 ' in the area of the inner arch 28 ' ,

The tread 57 the middle roll only has shaping character around the enlarged inner bow 28 '' to mold.

The material gain 48 . 32 ' on the inner bow 28 does not interfere with the use of such a profile.

Due to the forcible shaping and the rolling effect of the pendulum rollers 12 . 13 However, the conical material increase 32 pushed inward in the sidewalls, leaving the sidewalls 50 . 51 the deformed profile 1 maintain their absolute parallelism.

The handling of a bow is generally always a bend line 30 measured from, in the embodiment shown on the outside of the bow 29 is.

It comes on the outside of the bow (outer bow 29 ) does not cause a material rolling out effect and the material displacement phenomena are over the sidewalls 15 . 51 in the inner bow 28 pushed into it.

Such compression roll bending is used when the statics of the arcuate profile requires the wall thickness of the outer arch 29 and the wall thickness of the side walls 50 . 51 remains the same after forming. The enlargement of the wall thickness in the area of the inner arch 28 is harmless and increases the moment of resistance of the curved profile.

The 11 and 12 show an embodiment of Auswauchbiegens with volume shift using the example of a square tube 200 × 200 × 20 mm:

Calculation of the volume shift:

• Ua / 4 = Da × π / 4 = (200 × 3.14): 4 = 1,570 mm
• Ui / 4 = Di × π / 4 = (1600 × 3.14): 4 = 1.256 mm
• L = 314 mm

For 100% deflection bending, the bending line lies on the inner curve, ie the unwinding length does not change. Fi = Ui × Si = 1256 × 20 = 25,120mm 2

Sa = Fa / Ua = 25120 mm ² /1.570 mm = 16 mm Thickness of the wall on the outside of the wall, ie 20 - 16 = 4 mm must be rolled out, the sum of the volumes remains constant, ie Fi = Fa.

The side walls become symmetrical from the outside 4 mm conically rolled inward to 0. In inverse ratio 200 : 600 = 1/3 is at a penetration depth from the outside 4 mm, the penetration depth inside = 4/3 = 1.33 mm. This elongation inside is through the bending roll over Upsetting lifted.

Here are in 11 the penetration depth with 60 and the Auswalztiefe with 61 designated. The inlet side existing amount of penetration depth is with 60 while the outgoing (opposite in the sign) amount with 60 ' is designated. The laying of the gravity line 58 to the further radially inwardly lying gravity line 58 ' takes the form of a small step 59 in the bending roll zone.

1

profile 1'

2

arrow

3

Central role

4

roller

5

supporting role

6

supporting role

7

mandrel

8th

spike shaft

9

support element

10

support element

11

bending roller 11 '

12

upper Oscillating forming roller

13

lower Oscillating forming roller

14

bending radius Outside

15

bending radius Inside

16

arrow

17

arrow

18

arrow

19

arrow

20

central axis (Role)

21

Horizontal axis

22

swivel axis 22a . 22b

23

central axis (Profile)

24

arrow

25

tread 25a . 25b

26

arrow

27

compression thickness 27a

28

inside bend 28 ' . 28 ''

29

outside bend 29 '

30

elastic line

31

material thinning

32

material increase 32 '

33

arrow

34

Materialandickung

35

tread 35 '

36

Ausdünnungsmaß

37

brake shoe Outside

38

brake shoe Inside

39

link chain

40

roller element

41

Profilandickung

42

43

material thinning

44

material increase

45

Angle α

46

infeed (Left)

47

infeed (right)

48

material increase

49

arrow

50

Side wall above

51

Side wall below

52

Inside of the bend

53

Outside of the curve

54

bending axis

55

line

56

material increase

57

tread

58

Gravity line 58 '

59

step

60

penetration depth 60 '

61

roll-out

Claims (21)

Bending device for bending deformation of closed, semi-open and open hollow profiles with one on the inside of the curved profile ( 1 . 1' ) central role ( 3 ), an on the outside of the sheet applying roller ( 4 ) and arranged on the outlet side of the profile bending roller ( 11 ), which acts on the outside of the sheet, and against the supporting action of a voltage applied to the inlet side of the bow outside support roller ( 5 . 6 ), characterized in that in a vertical plane to the bending plane with respect to the opposite central and rolling rollers ( 3 . 4 ) further rolling rolls ( 12 . 13 ) are arranged which on the upper and lower side wall ( 50 . 51 ) of the profile. Bending device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side walls ( 50 . 51 ) acting as rolling rollers ( 12 . 13 ) are formed. Bending device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material flows arising in the outer arched end wall, over which on the side walls ( 50 . 51 ) pendulum rollers ( 12 . 13 ) are deflected over the associated side walls in the arc inside end wall. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that during Auswalzbiegen the upper and lower pendulum rollers ( 12 . 13 ) in their axial position against the plane parallelism of the profile to be bent against each other are conically. Bending device according to claim 4, characterized in that on the two upper and lower side walls ( 50 . 51 ) on the outside of the bow a stronger Auswalztiefe is achieved, as compared to the inside of the sheet. Bending device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the spherical rollers ( 12 . 13 ) on the upper and lower side wall ( 50 . 51 ) have on the outside of the sheet a relative penetration depth into the material, whereas the penetration depth in the direction of the inside of the sheet expires at 0. Bending device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the bending line to the sheet inside is laid and a structure flow from the bow outside is induced in the direction of the inside of the arch. Bending device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the outer-bow-side roller (rolling roller) plane parallel to the outside of the bow of the profile is delivered, and that on the inside of the arch fitting roller (center roller) plane-parallel against the inside of the sheet is delivered. Bending device according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that also at the bow inside and -außenseite adjacent rolling and middle rollers are designed to oscillate and are employed against each other. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the gravity bending of a symmetrical Profile the bendline in the gravity line, roughly in the middle of the profile to be bent remains. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the upper and lower pendulum rollers ( 12 . 13 ) have an at least partially conical tread. Bending device according to claim 11, characterized in that in the area on a central (middle) center line from the bending line outwards the contour has a slope, and that from the bending line in the direction of the arc inside the contour of the upper and lower pendulum roller ( 12 . 13 ) is plane-parallel to the profile shape of the original undeformed profile. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that during compression roll bending the bending line to the bow outside is laid down and the material thickening of the side walls in the Arc inner wall are deflected. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the speed of the respective at the profile outside and inside is less than the speed of the profile through the bend gap. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that on the inside and outside of the sheet Brake shoes are arranged, the resistance to be bent Increase profile and in the bending axis a strong compression effect arises. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in addition to the pendulum rollers ( 12 . 13 ), also the middle role ( 3 ) and the rolling roller ( 4 ) are formed pivotable. Bending device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that also the center roller and the opposite Rolling roller are conically tiltable. Method with a device according to one or several of the claims 1 to 17, characterized in that in the bow outer side end wall arising material flows over the associated side walls be deflected into the bow inside end wall. Method according to claim 18, characterized that during flow-forming bending a structure flow is induced in the bending axis of a profile, that of the arch outside of the profile runs in the direction of the inside of the sheet, (Auswalzbiegen). A method according to claim 18, characterized ge indicates that in the case of flow-forming bending, a structure flow is induced in the bending axis of a profile which extends from the inside of the sheet of the profile in the direction of the sheet outer side (upset bending). Method according to claim 18, characterized that during flow forming the gravity line (= approx Bend line) is maintained unshifted that by the compression forces of Starting from the bending center line of the profile, an increase in material takes place in the direction of the inside of the arch and that in the same Volume size one Material removal takes place by rolling on the outside of the sheet (), with the consequence that by the Auswalzeffekte compression and extension forces by Rolling out can be eliminated, (gravity bending).