CN221648529U - Over-fire air system for constructing three-dimensional spiral flue gas field - Google Patents
Over-fire air system for constructing three-dimensional spiral flue gas field Download PDFInfo
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- CN221648529U CN221648529U CN202420330557.0U CN202420330557U CN221648529U CN 221648529 U CN221648529 U CN 221648529U CN 202420330557 U CN202420330557 U CN 202420330557U CN 221648529 U CN221648529 U CN 221648529U
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The utility model discloses an overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field, which is used for a large-scale opposed firing boiler, wherein overfire air nozzles are arranged on a front wall and a rear wall at the upper part of a boiler hearth in a staggered manner according to layers at a certain height position from an uppermost pulverized coal burner, the overfire air nozzles of the front wall and the rear wall of two adjacent layers are offset left and right at a certain angle, a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field is further constructed at the upper part of the hearth on the basis of ensuring a strong reducing area between the overfire air area and the pulverized coal firing area, the transverse mixing and re-diffusion of flue gas at the left side and the right side of the hearth are enhanced, the temperature deviation at the left side and the right side of the hearth is leveled, the longitudinal backflow and entrainment of the flue gas are promoted, the local flue gas recirculation in the hearth is formed, the reducing atmosphere at the upper reducing area of the hearth is enhanced, and the concentration of NO x is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of large-scale opposed firing boilers, in particular to an overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field.
Background
Because of the increasingly high requirements on energy supply economy and environmental protection, small-sized coal-fired units with high energy consumption and high pollution are gradually shut down and eliminated, and are replaced by high-efficiency and clean large-capacity coal-fired generator units. With the increase of load capacity of the thermal power generating unit, the boiler hearth is larger and larger in scale, and particularly the hearth width is wider and wider. In actual operation, the powder supply amount and the air supply amount of each burner of the boiler cannot be completely consistent under ideal conditions, and actual deviation exists. In a large furnace environment, a plurality of combustors are often required to be configured, and serious furnace temperature deviation can be generated by accumulating deviations of the combustors. Under the operating condition, the risk of leakage of the tube explosion of the heating surface is increased at the higher temperature side in the boiler, so that the operating safety of the boiler is reduced; the main steam parameters of the boiler are also limited by overtemperature alarm of a heating surface at a higher temperature side, so that the main steam parameters cannot be further improved, the load capacity of the boiler is limited, and the operation efficiency of the boiler is reduced; meanwhile, when the coal-fired boiler operates under the condition of thermal deviation, a region with higher flue gas temperature is inevitably present, so that the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides is promoted, the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of a hearth is increased, and the environmental protection of a coal-fired unit is seriously damaged.
At present, in order to solve the problem of temperature deviation in a coal-fired boiler, a multi-stage header is often added on a working medium side, so that water or steam is mixed for multiple times in a heating process and then is redistributed to a heating surface of the boiler, and the same-stage heating surface in different positions in the boiler has similar heat transfer conditions, so that the temperature difference of the heating surface is reduced. However, the application of the multi-stage header obviously increases the complexity of the steam-water system and greatly increases the construction and maintenance costs of the boiler. In addition, changing the combustion characteristics of the furnace by adjusting the over-fire air is also a common means to mitigate the thermal bias of the boiler. However, under conventional low nitrogen combustion design conditions, a reduction zone needs to be formed in the furnace by adjustment of the overfire air. When the air distribution mode of the over-fire air is changed to relieve the thermal deviation of the boiler, the original low-nitrogen combustion air distribution design is inevitably damaged, and the generation amount of the nitrogen oxide source is increased.
Therefore, a new design of an over-fire air system is needed, which not only can effectively relieve the heat deviation of the coal-fired boiler and balance the heat load, but also can ensure the low-nitrogen combustion in the boiler.
Disclosure of utility model
The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an overfire air system which is reasonable in structural design and is used for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field, so that the thermal deviation of a large-scale opposed firing boiler is relieved, the heat load in the boiler is balanced, the low-nitrogen combustion effect is ensured, and the increase of the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of a hearth is avoided.
The utility model solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a build three-dimensional spiral flue gas field's air over-fire system for large-scale opposed firing boiler, includes furnace, the pulverized coal burner has been arranged to the lower part of furnace's front wall and back wall, its characterized in that, air over-fire spout has been arranged and is connected air over-fire burner on the upper portion of furnace's front wall and back wall, and air over-fire spout on the front wall and the air over-fire spout on the back wall are according to the staggered arrangement of layer.
The method is characterized in that an overfire air nozzle and an overfire air burner are arranged on a front wall and a rear wall at the upper part of a boiler hearth in a staggered mode according to layers, the overfire air nozzle of the front wall and the overfire air nozzle of the rear wall of each two adjacent layers are offset left and right at a certain angle, a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field is further constructed at the upper part of the hearth on the basis of ensuring a strong reducing area between the overfire air area and the pulverized coal combustion area, lateral mixing and re-diffusion of flue gas at the left side and the right side of the hearth are enhanced, temperature deviation at the left side and the right side of the hearth is leveled, left and right side heat loads are balanced, longitudinal backflow and entrainment of flue gas are promoted, partial flue gas recirculation in the hearth is formed, reducing atmosphere of a reducing area at the upper part of the hearth is enhanced, and NO x concentration is reduced.
Furthermore, the large-scale opposed firing boiler is a front and back wall opposed firing power station boiler, the evaporation capacity of the boiler under the working condition of BMCR is more than 2000t/h, and the number of single-layer pulverized coal burners is more than 6.
Further, the over-fire air nozzles are arranged on the upper parts of the front wall and the rear wall of the boiler furnace according to layers, the over-fire air nozzles on each layer of front wall are required to be provided with an over-fire air nozzle on the rear wall corresponding to the over-fire air nozzle, at least one layer of over-fire air nozzle is respectively arranged on the front wall and the rear wall, and the total number of layers of the over-fire air nozzles arranged on the front wall and the rear wall is 2-8.
Further, the distance between the center line of the bottom-most overfire air nozzle and the center line of the uppermost pulverized coal burner is H, H is more than or equal to 5m and less than or equal to 10m, and the furnace inner area formed by the height H is a strong reducing area.
Further, on the basis of ensuring a strong reducing region between the over-fire air region and the pulverized coal combustion region, a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field at the upper part of the hearth is constructed under the action of an over-fire air system. The over-fire air system is composed of a plurality of layers of over-fire air burners which are arranged at the upper parts of the front wall and the rear wall of the boiler in a staggered manner, and the number of layers is between 2 and 8. The over-fire air nozzle is from an over-fire air burner, and the over-fire air burner can be of a direct current type and a swirl type.
Further, the bottom-layer over-fire air nozzles can be arranged on the front wall or the rear wall of the boiler, the over-fire air burners on each layer of front wall and the over-fire air burners on the rear wall are arranged in staggered mode, namely, the center line of the over-fire air burners on the front wall and the center line of the over-fire air burners on the rear wall are not in the same horizontal plane, the distance between the center line of the over-fire air nozzle on each layer of front wall and the center line of the over-fire air nozzle on the rear wall adjacent to the center line of the over-fire air nozzle on the front wall is h, and h is more than or equal to 2m and less than or equal to 6m; therefore, longitudinal rotational flow of smoke can be formed between two adjacent layers of over-fire air burners, longitudinal backflow and entrainment are formed, the reducing atmosphere of a reducing area is enhanced, and the residence time of the smoke is prolonged.
Further, each layer of over-fire air burners comprises 8-16 burners, which are uniformly arranged on the front wall or the rear wall of the boiler from the left side to the right side of the furnace in the horizontal direction.
Furthermore, each overfire air nozzle can swing left and right in the horizontal direction, and the swinging angle of the overfire air nozzle and the normal direction of the front wall and the rear wall of the boiler is-45 o-45o. The over-fire air nozzles on each front wall deflect to the left side or the right side of the hearth by a certain angle, and correspondingly, the over-fire air nozzles on each rear wall deflect to the right side or the left side of the hearth by the same angle, so that the flue gas forms transverse rotational flow in the horizontal direction, transverse mixing and re-diffusion of the flue gas on the left side and the right side are promoted, the heat load uniformity in the horizontal direction of the hearth is enhanced, the temperature deviation is reduced, and the residence time of the flue gas can be prolonged.
Further, the wind speed of the overfire air of each layer is v, and v is more than or equal to 25m/s and less than or equal to 45m/s.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and effects: the structure of the steam-water header and the steam-water system of the hearth are simplified, the construction cost and the operation cost of the boiler are reduced, the operation safety of the boiler is enhanced, and the operation efficiency of the boiler is improved; by the over-fire air system, a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field is further constructed at the upper part of a hearth on the basis of ensuring a strong reducibility region between an over-fire air region and a pulverized coal combustion region, and on the basis of ensuring full combustion, the mixing and re-diffusion of transverse flue gas in the furnace are enhanced, the heat load deviation at the left side and the right side in the furnace is leveled, and the temperature deviation at the left side and the right side in the furnace is further eliminated; meanwhile, the longitudinal reflux entrainment effect of the smoke is enhanced, the partial smoke recirculation in the furnace is formed, the reducing atmosphere of the reduction zone at the upper part of the hearth is enhanced, the residence time of the smoke in the reduction zone is also increased by the three-dimensional spiral smoke field, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the hearth of the boiler is greatly reduced. The utility model can effectively improve the safety, economy and environmental protection of the coal-fired boiler.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an overfire air system of the present utility model.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the overfire air system of the present utility model.
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the overfire air system of the present utility model.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the thermal deviation of the left and right sides of the upper water-cooled wall of the front and rear hearths of a 1000MW unit-opposed firing boiler using the utility model.
In the figure: a hearth 1, a pulverized coal burner 2, an overfire air nozzle 3 and an overfire air burner 4.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present utility model and not limited to the following examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, an overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field includes a furnace 1, pulverized coal burners 2 are arranged at lower parts of front and rear walls of the furnace 1, overfire air nozzles 3 are arranged at upper parts of the front and rear walls of the furnace 1 of a boiler, and the overfire air nozzles 3 on the front wall and the overfire air nozzles 3 on the rear wall are staggered in layers.
The method is characterized in that the over-fire air nozzles 3 are arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the upper portion of the boiler furnace 1 in a staggered mode according to layers at a certain height from the uppermost pulverized coal burner 2, the over-fire air nozzles 3 of the front wall and the rear wall of the adjacent two layers are offset left and right at a certain angle, a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field is further constructed on the upper portion of the furnace 1 on the basis that a strong reducing area is formed between an over-fire air area and a pulverized coal combustion area, transverse mixing and re-diffusion of flue gas on the left side and the right side of the furnace 1 are enhanced, temperature deviation on the left side and the right side of the furnace 1 is leveled, left side and right side heat load is balanced, longitudinal backflow and entrainment of flue gas are promoted, partial flue gas recirculation in the furnace is formed, reducing atmosphere of a reducing area on the upper portion of the furnace 1 is enhanced, and NO x concentration is reduced.
The certain 1000MW coal-fired unit is a front-back wall opposed firing boiler, the superheated steam quantity and the reheat steam quantity under BMCR working conditions are more than 2200t/h, the front wall and the back wall of the boiler are respectively provided with three layers of coal powder burners 2, each layer of coal powder burner 2 is 8, two layers of over-fire air burners 4 are respectively arranged at the position 3m above the central line of the coal powder burner 2, the central lines of the over-fire air burners 4 of each layer of front-back wall are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the distance between the central lines of the two longitudinal layers of over-fire air burners 4 is 4m. Because the boiler has larger capacity and simplifies the water-cooled wall working medium header, the heat load on the left side and the right side of the hearth 1 is easily unbalanced; meanwhile, the over-fire air area of the boiler is close to the pulverized coal combustion area, and the reducing area between the over-fire air area and the pulverized coal combustion area is damaged, so that obvious problems of safety and environmental protection exist during the operation of the boiler, and the boiler is specifically shown in the following table 1 and fig. 4: the heat deviation of the water cooling walls at the left and right sides of the upper part of the hearth 1 is over 80 ℃ for a long time and can reach about 150 ℃ at most; the high-coal-feeding operation cannot be performed due to larger heat deviation of heating surfaces at the left side and the right side in the furnace, so that the temperature of the superheated steam is only 573.7 ℃, the temperature of the reheat steam is only 582.1 ℃, and the temperature is far lower than the corresponding design values of 603 ℃ and 623 ℃, and the economy of unit operation is seriously affected; the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the hearth 1 is higher, the average value of the nitrogen oxides per hour reaches 287mg/Nm 3, the operation pressure of a subsequent denitration system is increased, and the environmental protection of a unit is reduced.
In this regard, the over-fire air system of the 1000MW opposed firing boiler is modified, and by adopting the design proposed by the present utility model, as shown in fig. 2, the over-fire air burners 4 in the present embodiment are arranged in staggered arrangement on the front wall and the rear wall of the opposed firing boiler, where the distance h=7m between the lowest layer of the rear wall over-fire air burners 4 and the uppermost layer of the pulverized coal burners 2; the distance h=5m between two adjacent layers of over-fire air burners 4 on the front and rear walls of the boiler. As shown in fig. 3, each layer of the overfire air burners 4 is uniformly arranged on the front and rear walls of the boiler in the horizontal direction. In the operation process, a certain distance is kept between the over-fire air burner 4 and the pulverized coal burner 2, the formation of a strong reducing area between the over-fire air area and the pulverized coal combustion area is ensured, a certain distance is kept between two adjacent layers of over-fire air burners 4, and the formation of a reducing atmosphere is also ensured. As the high-temperature flue gas generated by pulverized coal combustion in the main combustion area rises, the over-fire air burner 4 sends over-fire air through the over-fire air nozzle 3, and when the high-temperature flue gas encounters the first layer of over-fire air flow, the high-temperature flue gas continuously rises after shifting towards the front wall direction of the boiler under the action of the over-fire air flow; further, the high temperature flue gas will be subjected to the second layer of exhaust air flow, and the flow direction will be shifted towards the back wall of the boiler. As the flow speed of the over-fire air flow is high, the pressure of the area near the jet flow is relatively lower, surrounding flue gas is promoted to be sucked towards the over-fire air, so that the flue gas internal circulation in the vertical direction can be formed between two adjacent layers of over-fire air flows of the front wall and the rear wall of the boiler, the residence time of the flue gas is prolonged, the reducing atmosphere of the flue gas is increased, and the nitrogen oxides in combustion are reduced. In addition, in the horizontal direction, the overfire air burners 4 on the front wall of the boiler are arranged to run in the direction offset by 30 o to the direction of the left wall of the boiler except for the nearest one; the over-fire air burners 4 on the rear wall of the boiler are arranged to run in the direction offset from the direction of the right wall of the boiler by 30 o, except for the one closest to the right wall of the boiler. Likewise, entrainment of ambient fumes occurs in the low-pressure zone formed by the high-velocity jet of overfire air, thus forming a lateral circulation of high-temperature fumes in the horizontal direction. On one hand, the residence time of the flue gas is increased, the reducing atmosphere of the flue gas is enhanced, and the nitrogen oxides are reduced; on the other hand, the exchange, mixing and re-diffusion of the flue gas at the left side and the right side of the hearth 1 are promoted, the heat deviation at the left side and the right side of the hearth 1 is leveled, and the heat load at the left side and the right side in the furnace is balanced.
After the utility model is reformed, the effect is as shown in fig. 4 and table 1, the temperature of the superheated steam and the reheat steam are respectively increased to 601.1 ℃ and 618.7 ℃, and the economy of unit operation is effectively improved; the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the hearth 1 is reduced to 177mg/Nm 3, so that the environmental protection performance of the unit is improved; the thermal deviation of the water-cooled wall at the upper part of the hearth 1 is basically controlled within 80 ℃, so that the operation safety of the unit is improved.
TABLE 1
| Before transformation | After transformation | Design value | |
| Superheated steam temperature (. Degree. C.) | 573.7 | 601.1 | 603 |
| Reheat steam temperature (. Degree. C.) | 582.1 | 618.7 | 623 |
| Concentration of NO x at furnace outlet (mg/Nm 3) | 287 | 177 | 180 |
What is not described in detail in this specification is all that is known to those skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the foregoing description of the utility model is provided by way of example only. All equivalent changes in construction, features and principles of the utility model according to the inventive concept are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the utility model. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions and substitutions to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the utility model as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a build three-dimensional spiral flue gas field's air over fire system, includes furnace (1), coal burner (2) have been arranged to the lower part of furnace (1) front wall and the lower part of back wall, characterized by, air over fire spout (3) have been arranged on the upper portion of furnace (1) front wall and the upper portion of back wall, and air over fire spout (3) on front wall and back wall are according to layer staggered arrangement, and air over fire spout (3) on each layer front wall all have one deck back wall air over fire spout (3) to correspond with it to front wall and back wall each arrange one deck air over fire spout (3).
2. The overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field according to claim 1, wherein the total number of layers of said overfire air jets (3) is 2-8.
3. The over-fire air system for constructing the three-dimensional spiral flue gas field according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the center line of the bottom-most over-fire air nozzle (3) and the center line of the uppermost pulverized coal burner (2) is H, and H is more than or equal to 5m and less than or equal to 10m.
4. The overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field according to claim 1, wherein said overfire air nozzles (3) are connected to an overfire air burner (4), and wherein said overfire air burner (4) is of the direct flow type or of the swirl type.
5. The overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field according to claim 1, wherein the overfire air nozzles (3) at the bottommost layer are arranged on the front wall or the rear wall of the boiler, the distance between the center line of the overfire air nozzle (3) on each layer of front wall and the center line of the overfire air nozzle (3) on the adjacent rear wall is h, and h is more than or equal to 2m and less than or equal to 6m.
6. The overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field according to claim 4, wherein each layer of overfire air burners (4) comprises 8-16, which are uniformly arranged on the front wall or the rear wall of the boiler from the left side to the right side of the furnace (1) in the horizontal direction.
7. The overfire air system for constructing a three-dimensional spiral flue gas field according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the overfire air nozzle (3) can swing left and right in the horizontal direction, and the angle between the swing angle and the normal direction of the front wall and the rear wall of the boiler is-45 o-45o; the over-fire air nozzle (3) on each layer of front wall deflects a certain angle to the left side or the right side of the hearth (1), and correspondingly, the over-fire air nozzle (3) on each layer of rear wall deflects the same angle to the right side or the left side of the hearth (1).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202420330557.0U CN221648529U (en) | 2024-02-22 | 2024-02-22 | Over-fire air system for constructing three-dimensional spiral flue gas field |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202420330557.0U CN221648529U (en) | 2024-02-22 | 2024-02-22 | Over-fire air system for constructing three-dimensional spiral flue gas field |
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